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In this note, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for weighted translations, generated by group actions, to be disjoint topologically transitive in terms of the weights, the group element and the measure. The characterization of disjoint topological mixing is obtained as well. Moreover, we apply the results to the quotient spaces of locally compact groups and hypergroups.

In this paper, we give some necessary conditions of the density of periodic elements for cosine operator functions generated by group actions. The sufficient condition for such cosine operator functions to be chaotic is given as well. The obtained results can be applied for quotient spaces, double coset spaces and hypergroups.

In this paper, we consider actions of locally compact groups on measure spaces, and give a sufficient and necessary condition for weighted translations on such spaces to be chaotic. Moreover, some dynamical properties for certain cosine operator functions, generated by translations, are proved as well.

We give some sufficient and necessary conditions for translation operators on the weighted Orlicz spaces to be disjoint topologically transitive and disjoint topologically mixing. In particular, we show that in certain cases, operators are disjoint topologically transitive if, and only if, their direct sum is topologically transitive.

Positive molecular identification of medicinal plants is necessary to their misuse. Dendrobii Caulis is a famous Chinese herbal medicine traditionally used in ophthalmology. However, the identification of the species based on morphology is difficult. In this study, three Dendrobium species were collected and differentiated by the sequences of partial rDNA (ribosomal DNA) sections which contain the ITS 1, 5.8S, and ITS 2 regions. The Dendrobium species used in this reseach included Dendrobium tosaense, Dendrobium officinale, and Dendrobium moniliforme. The length of PCR products are 632 nt for D. tosaense, 627 nt for D. officinale, and 628 nt for D. moniliform, respectively. The similarities of the rDNA region between the species pairs shown range from 91% to 95%. The results we present here may be helpful in identifying other species of Dendrobium.

Let $$1\le p < \infty$$ , and let G be a locally compact group. Let A be a unital $$C^*$$ -algebra. We give a sufficient and necessary condition for a sequence of weighted translations on the $$C^*$$ -algebra-valued Lebesgue space $$L^p(G,A)$$ to be topologically transitive in terms of the Haar measure, the weight functions, and an aperiodic sequence in G. Chaos, topological mixing, supercyclicity and dual hypercyclicity for such a sequence are also discussed.

Let 1 ≤ p < ∞, and let G be a discrete group. We give a sufficient and necessary condition for weighted translation operators on the Lebesgue space ℓp(G) to be densely disjoint hypercyclic. The characterization for the dual of a weighted translation to be densely disjoint hypercyclic is also obtained.

We obtain some new identities for the generalized Fibonacci polynomial by a new approach, namely, the Q(x) matrix. These identities including the Cassini type identity and Honsberger type formula can be applied to some polynomial sequences such as Fibonacci polynomials, Lucas polynomials, Pell polynomials, Pell-Lucas polynomials and so on, which generalize the previous results in references.

In this paper, we study finite sequences of operators, generated by the powers of weighted translations on discrete groups, and give sufficient conditions for such sequences to be disjoint topologically transitive and mixing in terms of the group elements and weights. The sequences of operators are cosine operator functions. Moreover, we also obtain necessary conditions for cosine operator functions to be disjoint transitive and mixing.

In this note, we study the recurrence and topologically multiple recurrence of a sequence of operators on Banach spaces. In particular, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for a cosine operator function, induced by a sequence of operators on the Lebesgue space of a locally compact group, to be topologically multiply recurrent.

Let G be a locally compact group, and let 1 ≤ p < ∞. We characterize topologically multiply recurrent weighted translation operators on Lp(G) in terms of the Haar measure and the weight function. We also show that there do not exist any recurrent weighted translation operators on L∞(G).

Let G be a locally compact group and let 1 ≤ p ∞ . We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a cosine operator function induced by a weighted translation operator on the Lebesgue space L p ( G ) to be topologically transitive. By the same argument, the characterization for mixing cosine operator functions is given. We also determine when the direct sum of a sequence of cosine operator functions is transitive.

Let G be a locally compact group, and let $$\Phi $$ be a Young function. In this paper, we give sufficient and necessary conditions for weighted translation operators on the Orlicz space $$L^\Phi (G)$$ to be chaotic and topologically multiply recurrent. In particular, chaos implies multiple recurrence in our case.

Let $1\leq p\lt \infty$ , and let $G$ be a locally compact group. We characterize disjoint hypercyclic weighted translation operators on the Lebesgue space $L^{p}(G)$ in terms of the weight, the Haar measure, and the group element. Disjoint supercyclic, disjoint mixing, and dual disjoint hypercyclic weighted translation operators are also characterized.

We characterize hypercyclic weighted translation operators generated by non-torsion elements of a locally compact group, extending the recent results in Chen and Chu [6], Chen and Chu [7].

Let 1 ⩽ p ∞ . We characterize topologically mixing cosine operator functions, generated by unilateral and bilateral weighted shifts on l p ( N 0 ) and l p ( Z ) respectively. We also give sufficient conditions for such cosine operator functions to be topologically transitive.

[EN] We introduce several notions of linear dynamics for multivalued linear operators (MLO¿s) between separable Fréchet spaces, such as hypercyclicity, topological transitivity, topologically mixing property, and Devaney chaos. We also consider the case of disjointness, in which any of these properties are simultaneously satisfied by several operators. We revisit some sufficient well-known computable criteria for determining those properties. The analysis of the dynamics of extensions of linear operators to MLO¿s is also considered., The second and fourth authors have been supported by MINECO and FEDER, grant MTM2016-75963-P.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a weighted translation operator on a locally compact group to be chaotic.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute an essential family of pattern recognition molecules that, through the direct recognition of conserved microbial components, initiate inflammatory responses after infection. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that vertebrate TLRs are under strong purifying selection for the maintenance of function. Our lab is focused on a related group of vertebrate TLRs that comprise the TLR2 subfamily. The most closely related members, TLRs 1 and 6, appear to have arisen from a recent gene duplication event and have acquired differential microbial recognition specificity. We have characterized two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), P315L, and I602S, in human TLR1 that effect receptor function through different mechanisms. The 315L variant is associated with deficient recognition of microbial products whereas the 602S variant is associated with aberrant trafficking of the receptor to the cell surface. It is surprising to note that the 602S allele is associated with a decreased incidence of leprosy suggesting that Mycobacterium leprae subverts the TLR system as a mechanism of immune evasion. TLR1 I602S exhibits strikingly different allele frequencies among different races suggesting that if strong purifying selection took place, it was restricted by either additional genetic or environmental factors that were geographically constrained.High expression of transgenes is desired for molecular farming. However, transgenes are often subjected to gene silencing pathways in plant cells. Gene silencing may be triggered by the production of aberrant (hairpin) RNA molecule from a complex integration locus in plant genome or by the overexpression of transgene. Excessively transcribed RNA are subject to gene silencing even if they are produced from a single-copy locus. Therefore, we sought to determine how highly a transgene can be expressed before its transcript is subjected to gene silencing. In a previous study, we demonstrated that precise single-copy locus generated by Cre/lox-mediated site-specific integration (SSI) in rice is stably expressed at predictable levels through subsequent generations, and that its expression invariably doubled in homozygous progenies. To further explore the stability of the SSI locus and determine the expression-threshold of rice genomic sites, we generated transformation vectors containing 1–3 copies of 35S-GUS and 35S-GFP transgenes. These vectors were used to develop SSI locus containing 1–3 copies of each transgene in two different varieties of rice, Nipponbare and Taipei 309. SSI lines will be analyzed by PCR and Southern blotting to ascertain the presence of precise integration structures consisting of 1–3 copies of each trans-gene. The precise SSI lines will be subjected to quantitative GUS and GFP assay to determine if gene expression indeed increased with the increase in gene dosage. Molecular and expression data of SSI lines will be presented.Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were transformed with a construct based on pCAMBIA 2301 containing a “hairpin” inverted repeat of 598 nucleotides derived from the Potato Virus Y (PVY) replicase (NIb gene) of the N strain (Robaglia et al., J. Gen. Virol. 70, 935, 1989). Such constructs confer virus resistance by a post translational gene silencing mechanism. Homozygous (T3) plants were challenged with a range of PVY strains and resistance was measured by symptom expression, ELISA titer, and back inoculation of controls with extracts from resistant plants. The nucleotide homology of PVY strains to the transgene was: WP (99.5%) PVY-NTN (96.3), PVY-H (95.6%), PVY-O (88.9%), strain 52 (88.3%), and local field isolates from tomato (86.8%), and pepper (86.3%). A transgenic tobacco line was immune to the five PVY strains with which the transgene had the greatest homology (WP, NTN, H, O, 52). Infection with the PVY isolates from tomato and pepper, which had the lowest degree of homology with the transgene, caused delayed symptom appearan

Baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin are flavone constituents of Scutellariae Radix with various beneficial biological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urinary pharmacokinetics of these flavones after oral administration of Scutellariae Radix commercial powder. Ten healthy male volunteers received a dose of 5.2 g commercial powder (comparable to 9 g crude drug), respectively. The concentrations of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin in the commercial powder as well as their metabolites in urine were assayed by HPLC method. The glucuronides and sulfates of baicalein and wogonin in urine were hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase, respectively. Our results showed that the mean cumulated renal excretion of baicalein glucuronides and sulfates were 43.1+/-4.5 micromol (2.9% of dose) and 64.8+/-6.3 micromol (4.3% of dose), respectively, whereas wogonin glucuronides and sulfates were 21.6+/-2.0 micromol (5.9% of dose) and 20.7+/-1.7 micromol (5.7% of dose), respectively. The result indicated that the renal excretion of conjugated metabolites of wogonin (11.6% of dose) were higher than that of baicalein (7.2% of dose). The baicalein sulfates was predominant than the corresponding glucuronides, whereas wogonin sulfates was comparable to the corresponding glucuronides.

Summary Converted somatic embryos of Corydalis yanhusuo showed direct development of somatic embryos in the region at the junction of cotyledonary leaf and root when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0-16 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA) and with 2 mg/L being optimum for further development. Histological and scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed the direct origin of embryos from the epidermal layer of cells. The use of liquid MS basal medium with 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) facilitated embryo conversion within fifteen days of culture. Phenotypically normal plants were recovered from converted somatic embryos and the plants showed well-developed tubers and in vitro flowering after 4 months of culture.

A simple protocol for in vitro mass propagation of Gentiana davidii var. formosana (Gentianaceae) has been developed. Multiple shoot development was achieved by culturing the stem node explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 microM N6-benzyladenine (BA). The shoots were multiplied by subculturing on MS medium supplemented with 1.07-10.74 microM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 8.88 microM BA. Shoots were rooted on MS basal medium supplemented with various auxins. Shoots rooted on growth regulator-free medium were transferred to peat moss:vermiculite mixture and acclimatized in the growth chamber. The contents of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin, the two important secoiridoid glucosides, in different plant material were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis revealed that the content of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin in the aerial and underground parts of G. davidii var. formosana was higher than the marketed crude drug (underground parts of G. scabra) and varied with the age of the plant.

To measure naringin/naringenin absorption of a decoction prepared from the pericarps of Citrus grandis and to investigate the effect of honey on naringin/naringenin absorption, six healthy males received 200 mL decoctions of untreated and honey-treated Pericarpium Citri Grandis in a randomized crossover design. The absorption was measured by renal recovery of naringenin glucuronides/sulfates over 48 hours. The contents of naringin/naringenin in 200 mL decoctions of untreated and honey-treated Pericarpium Citri Grandis were determined to be 261.5/23.8 mumol and 303.3/11.6 mumol, respectively. The mean cumulated renal excretion of naringenin glucuronides/sulfates after intake of these two decoctions were 74.8 mumol (26.2% of dose) and 49.8 mumol (15.8% of dose), respectively. Paired Student's t-test showed that the difference of the total renal recovery of naringin/naringenin between the two decoctions was significant. The results indicated that honey significantly reduced naringin/naringenin absorption by 33.4% in humans and suggested that honey treatment might alter the efficacy of Pericarpium Citri Grandis.

Let1≤p<∞andGbe a locally compact group. We characterize chaotic cosine operator functions, generated by weighted translations on the Lebesgue spaceLp(G), in terms of the weight condition. In particular, chaotic cosine operator functions and chaotic weighted translations can only occur simultaneously. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the direct sum of a sequence of cosine operator functions to be chaotic.

Two phenanthraquinones were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium moniliforme. They were identified by interpretation of spectral data as 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4,5,8-phenanthradiquinone and 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone, named moniliformin (1) and denbinobin (2), respectively. This is the first report of compound 1, which possesses a novel 1,4,5,8-diquinone moiety in the phenanthraquinone skeleton. Compound 2 showed potent antiinflammatory effects in vitro.

We obtain optimal lower estimates for the eigenvalue ratios $(\\frac{\\lambda_{m}}{\\lambda_{n}})$ of Dirichlet and Neumann Schr\\\"{o}dinger operators with nonpositive potentials and Dirichlet vibrating string problems with concave and positive densities. Our results supplement those of Ashbaugh-Benguria [2] and M. J. Huang [5].