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Purpose: To analyze the distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membrane (FVPM) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients that need treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and to evaluate the outcomes separately. Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive 25-G PPV cases operated for PDR between September 2018 and April 2020. All FVPMs were outlined and assigned to three groups: arcade type, juxtapapillary type and central type. General characteristics, operation-related variables, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 12 month postoperative and complications were recorded. , All patients were followed up for over one year Results: In total, 93 eyes were recruited. Among them, the FVPMs distribution of nasotemporal and inferiosuperioral were significantly different (both p < 0.01), with 87 (93.55%) FVPMs located in the nasal hemispheres, and 67 (72.04%) in the inferior hemispheres. The eyes with a central FVPM required the longest operation time, with silicon oil used in most patients, generally combined with tractional retinal detachment (RD) and rhegmatogenous RD, as well as the worst postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and the highest rates of recurrent RD and iatrogenic retinal break formation (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: FVPMs were more commonly found in the nasal and inferior mid-peripheral retina in addition to the area of arcade vessels. Performing 25-G PPV for treating PDR eyes with a central FVPM had a relatively worse prognosis.

Macrophages migrate across tissues upon immune demand, but their motility on heterogeneous substrates remains unclear. Protein-repelling reagents, e.g., poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), are routinely employed to resist cell adhering and migrating. Contrary to this perception, we discovered a unique locomotion of macrophages in vitro that they overcome non-adhesive PEG gaps to reach adhesive regions in a mesenchymal mode. Adhesion to adhesive regions was a prerequisite for macrophages to perform further locomotion on the PEG regions, or else they kept a suspended round shape. Podosomes were found highly enriched on the PEG region, which supported macrophage migration. Myosin IIA played a negative role in macrophage motility. Moreover, a developed cellular Potts model reproduced the experimental observations. These findings uncovered a new migratory behavior on non-adhesive surfaces in macrophages.One-Sentence SummaryMacrophages can migrate across non-adhesive surfaces that are absolute boundaries for other cell types.

The size and shape of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) have a strong positive correlation with several vision-threatening retinovascular diseases. The identification, segmentation and analysis of FAZ are of great significance to clinical diagnosis and treatment. We presented an adaptive watershed algorithm to automatically extract FAZ from retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. For the traditional watershed algorithm, “over-segmentation” is the most common problem. FAZ is often incorrectly divided into multiple regions by redundant “dams”. This paper analyzed the relationship between the “dams” length and the maximum inscribed circle radius of FAZ, and proposed an adaptive watershed algorithm to solve the problem of “over-segmentation”. Here, 132 healthy retinal images and 50 diabetic retinopathy (DR) images were used to verify the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. Three ophthalmologists were invited to make quantitative and qualitative evaluations on the segmentation results of this algorithm. The quantitative evaluation results show that the correlation coefficients between the automatic and manual segmentation results are 0.945 (in healthy subjects) and 0.927 (in DR patients), respectively. For qualitative evaluation, the percentages of “perfect segmentation” (score of 3) and “good segmentation” (score of 2) are 99.4% (in healthy subjects) and 98.7% (in DR patients), respectively. This work promotes the application of watershed algorithm in FAZ segmentation, making it a useful tool for analyzing and diagnosing eye diseases.

Background: Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurovascular disease in which pain on one or both sides of the head is the main manifestation and is accompanied by other neurological manifestations. Clinical practice has shown that cutting therapy as a complementary alternative medicine can play a role in relieving migraine attacks. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of cutting treatment in the treatment of migraine. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of cutting therapy in the treatment of migraine. Methods: First, databases were searched for relevant literature. The main databases we searched were PubMed, the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Science Journal Database, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The keywords searched were “cutting treatment,” “ traditional Chinese medicine cutting treatment,” and “migraine.” The search was conducted from inception to November 2021. Second, 2 reviewers independently completed the process of study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and data synthesis in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols statement guidelines. Finally, we will use Review Manager Version 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Results: This study will provide the most recent evidence related to the treatment of migraine by cutting therapy. Conclusion: The results of this systematic evaluation will provide an objective evidence-based framework for judging the effectiveness and safety of cutting therapy in the treatment of migraine.

Adipose tissue‑derived stem cells (ASCs) are beneficial for myocardial regeneration. The physiological oxygen content of human organs is estimated to range between 1 and 11%. However, in the majority of previous in vitro studies with cultured ASCs, the O2 concentration was artificially set to 21%. The present study aimed to compare the protective effects of rat ASCs on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) under normoxic (21% O2) and physioxic (5% O2) conditions. Rat NRVMs cultured under normoxia or physioxia were treated with H2O2 or left untreated, and further co‑cultured with ASCs in 21% or 5% O2. The apoptosis of NRVMs was evaluated by Annexin V staining and quantitating the protein levels of Bcl‑2 and Bax by western blotting. The oxidative stress of NRVMs was determined by a glutathione/oxidized glutathione assay kit. The concentrations of secreted vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the culture medium were quantified by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Under both normoxia and physioxia, co‑culture with ASCs protected H2O2‑exposed NRVMs from apoptosis and significantly alleviated the oxidative stress in NRVMs. The protective effects of ASCs were associated with increased secretion of VEGF, IGF‑1 and bFGF. ASCs cultured in 5% O2 exhibited certain cardioprotective effects against H2O2 stress. The results of the present study suggested that O2 concentrations influenced the cardioprotective effects of ASCs. VEGF, IGF‑1 and bFGF may serve a role in the myocardial regeneration mediated by transplanted ASCs.

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils is a great challenge and an important issue for global environmental sciences and engineering. Soil washing technology is popularly used for soil remediation, but there are issues that must be solved. These include selecting an environmentally friendly washing solution and preventing damage to the soil during the washing process. The aim of the present work is to reveal the effects of operational conditions on soil remediation contaminated by lead/cadmium, and the effects on soil physicochemical properties caused by the washing reaction. A loess soil sample was collected from northwestern China, and a humificated straw solution was used as the washing solution. The remediation efficiency was investigated using a small-scale experimental device. The remediation efficiency could be improved by optimizing the operational conditions, and we found that the Elovich equation fits better the reaction process compared to the double-constant equation and the first-order kinetics equation. The washing rate of cadmium was slightly faster than that of lead. Compared to the topsoil in the column, the concentration of lead/cadmium was higher in the bottom soil, and the content of lead/cadmium in the inner layer soil was lower than that in the outer layer soil. The washing process had little influence on the surface characteristics and functional groups of soil. The humificated straw solution could be used effectively to remove lead/cadmium and preserve nutrients in loess soil.

Novel adsorbents from raw corn stalks (RCS) were synthesised after cellulose isolation followed by modification with epichlorohydrin, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and diethylamine. The MCCS (modified cellulose from corn stalks) products were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); moreover, the adsorption characteristics of nitrate and phosphate on MCCS were investigated in binary systems using batch adsorption procedures. The mass loss of RCS and MCCS may be divided into three stages and the modification reaction increased the stability of samples. The surface of MCCS was rougher than that of RCS and amine groups were successfully loaded onto MCCS, as shown by elemental analysis results and FT-IR spectra. The pseudo-second order kinetics equation and Langmuir isotherm could well describe the adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacities (298 K) of nitrate and phosphate on MCCS as calculated from the Langmuir isotherm were 13.6054 and 22.8833 mg/g, respectively. The obtained thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption.

Four types of organo-mineral complex (OMC) samples with different sizes were extracted from loess in northwestern China. OMC, which has a size less than 2 μm, was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of lead. The OMC sample had a porous structure with a surface area of 147.49 m 2 /g, and the adsorption capacity changed with different conditions of OMC content, pH values of the solution, temperature, and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms suggested that the adsorption process was favorable, and the maximum adsorption capacity of lead on OMC was 1.5877 mg/g, which was calculated by using Langmuir equation. The reaction fits better the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption behavior could be divided into two sections, thereby indicating that the reaction involved physical and chemical adsorption. The adsorption of lead on OMC was spontaneous and exothermic in nature, and the randomness of the system decreased slightly throughout the entire process. The desorption efficiency was acceptable with purified water and with ultrasonic assistance.

The characteristics and capability of a homemade all-fiber 1.54-μm pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) were validated in field experiments by comparing the detection results with a collocated lidar and sounding balloons. With the range gate of 30 m and temporal resolution of 16 s at velocity–azimuth display mode, the detection capability of the CDL ranged from 0.1 to 5 km, and the time sequence and height position of this CDL were calibrated by the collocated lidar. In the intercomparison experiments with sounding balloons, the discrepancy of 30-s averaged measurement results of horizontal wind speed and wind direction was nearly 0.7 m / s and 5.3 deg, respectively. The good agreement achieved in such a short averaged time period was a convincing case of intercomparison experiments between CDL and sounding balloon. The CDL system demonstrated good reliability and operational stability in field experiments.

Coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) has been a powerful instrument to measure atmospheric wind velocity. In this work, an 1.5 μm all-fiber pulsed CDL has been developed and deployed to measure wind profiles in campaign experiment in 2018. The CDL has 0.1-5 km detection range with range resolution of 30 m, temporal resolution of 16 s at Velocity-Azimuth-Display (VAD) mode. Field experiments were implemented and the wind vector profiles were retrieved. As compared with sounding balloon, the discrepancy of wind speed and direction are nearly 0.7 m/s and 5 degrees, respectively. It shows that the CDL is a powerful tool for wind speeds measurement in lower atmospheric troposphere.

Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is potentially effective for groundwater remediation, especially using environmentally friendly mixed fillers in representative areas, such as semi-arid loess region in northwestern China. The mixed materials, including corn straw (agricultural wastes), fly ash (industrial wastes), zeolite synthesized from fly ash (reutilized products), and iron–manganese nodule derived from loess (materials with regional characteristics) in northwestern China, were chosen as PRB media to reduce the contents of lead and cadmium in simulated groundwater. A series of lab-scale column experiments were investigated, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the working process; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to further reveal the reaction mechanism. It shows that the purification efficiencies are more acceptable when the concentrations of lead and cadmium are approximately 7 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, at 25 °C in weakly acidic solution, and functional groups of –OH and C=C play an important role for contaminants removal. The mixed adsorbents used are effective to remove lead and cadmium in groundwater. This is the first report on the removal of lead and cadmium from groundwater in loess region in northwestern China using PRB filled with environmentally friendly mixed adsorbents.

The electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and electron–phonon ( e– ph) coupling constants λ for the superconducting Ca(Fe 1− x Co x ) 2 As 2 ( x =0.075, 0.1) are obtained by first-principles nonmagnetic calculations using norm-conserving pseudopotentials within virtual–crystal approximation treatment. Combined with the e– ph coupling constant λ for vicinity of collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe 2 As 2 , we show that although the obtained λ cannot account for the high superconducting transition temperatures T C , they are almost a factor of two larger than that estimated in early calculations for that of vicinity of collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe 2 As 2 . We confirm that superconductivity in Ca(Fe 1− x Co x ) 2 As 2 is not primarily phonon mediated. Nevertheless, the e– ph interactions are strong enough to be not negligible to investigate the superconductivity. Furthermore, we conjecture that Ca(Fe 1− x Mn x ) 2 As 2 or CaMn 2 As 2 serial compounds may be potential new e– ph superconductors or unconventional manganese pnictide superconductors.

Reducing leakage current and improving device's stability become important challenge for CMOS develop under the technology node of 22nm. FinFET has been attractive as the most potential device structure under 22nm. Unique FinFET device structure has the absolute advantage in restraining short channel effect. This paper presents an optical metrology technique OCD for FinFET dimension measurement. This measurement results by OCD, demonstrate the capability of the OCD as an important metrology technique for IC process control.

A portable and power-free microfluidic device was designed for rapid and sensitive detection of lead (Pb(2+)). 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (MUA-AuNPs) aggregated in the presence of Pb(2+) for the chelation mechanism. When we performed this analysis on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip, the aggregations deposited onto the surface of chip and formed dark lines along the laminar flows in the zigzag microchannels. This visual result can be observed by the naked eye through a microscope or just a drop of water as a magnifier. Ten μM Pb(2+) was successfully detected.

The lattice dynamics of FeSb2 are investigated by first-principles calculations based on a plane wave pseudopotential method. Phonon spectrum and the electron–phonon linewidths at the Γ -point are obtained using the density-functional perturbation theory within the linear response method. Nine phonon modes are in good agreement with the experimental data, but the B 3 g mode shows unusually large disagreement. In order to investigate the possibility of anharmonicity of phonon modes, frozen phonon calculations have been performed for the B 1 g 1 , B 1 g 2 and B 3 g modes. But the results are all equal to the density-functional perturbation theory calculations, indicating that the phonons are all harmonic. Our calculated electron–phonon linewidth of the B 1 g 1 mode is consistent with experimental data, and we also confirm the existence of electron–phonon interactions for the A g 1 , B 1 g 1 , and B 1 u modes in FeSb2.

In this brief, the silicon nanowire transistor (SNWT)-based circuits of current mirrors (NWCMs) have been successfully fabricated for the first time. The key figures of merit of current mirrors (CMs) are experimentally studied, including output voltage coefficient (OVC), output resistance, and dc matching error e. The experimental results indicate that, due to the unique quasi-1-D transport properties of the SNWTs, NWCMs exhibit superior performance than planar metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor-based CMs (PCMs) in the inversion operation region. Furthermore, NWCMs operating in the subthreshold region shows even better performance than PCMs. With the inherent advantages of the gate-all-around structure, the SNWT is very promising for analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits and particularly has its unique potential at subthreshold operation for low-power applications.

Shape controllable silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been fabricated with CMOS compatible top-down fabrication process by carefully designing the oxidation temperature, time, and the original shape of Si wires. Higher oxidation temperature favors the formation of circular SiNWs, since the impact of oxidation retardation on the oxidation rate at sharp corners is reduced, and the discrepancy between the oxidation rates of different SiNW planes is minimized. In our work, high quality circular SiNWs with diameter of 5 nm have been successfully fabricated at high oxidation temperature of 950 °C. Pentagonal, triangular, and circular SiNWs with diameter around 10 nm have also been obtained at 950 °C by controlling the oxidation time and the original shape of the wires.

The deteriorated radiation effects of very deep-sub-micron (VDSM) MOS transistors with multi-finger are experimentally investigated for the first time. The results show that due to the interaction between reverse narrow channel effect and radiation induced edge effect, multi-finger transistors are more sensitive to radiation in comparison with standard MOSFETs. Larger threshold-voltage shift and higher leakage current are observed. The mechanisms responsible for the effects are briefly discussed. The results demonstrate that special radiation hardening technology should be adopted for multi-finger transistors operating in the radiation environment.

The Er-longshan reservoir, located in Harbin city, Heilongjiang province, plays a significant role in development of economy and society. It's one of the most important fresh water sources for drinking as well as the safeguard of flood and soil erosion. Thus, as the monitored place in this study, its water quality was measured and predicted through a fuzzy model. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how to set up an appropriate subjection function model to solve the fuzzy problem. Most environmental monitoring data that can not be compared may be mapped into subjection degrees, and analyzed for their weight coefficients, yielding the best situation in multi-objective comprehensive exponential decision-making matrix.An appropriate subjection function model was set up to solve the fuzzy problem. Five kinds of pollution sources were investigated: the point source, the plane source, the entering river (Feiketu river), precipitation and falling dust and touring pollution around the reservoir area respectively. The distribution of floating algae in Er-longshan reservoir was also examined. Farmland plane source pollution was found to be the major controllable pollution source by monitoring TN and TP pollution loads, which occupy 84.8% and 84.0% of the controllable pollution source respectively. When we evaluate data of water quality, the concentration of part pollutant factors increases while others may decreases, then whether the whole water quality is to increase or decrease, from the monitor data is not easy to judge. In this study we used the fuzzy theory to analyze the trends of water quality fluctuations in the Er-longshan reservoir. COD(Mn), BOD, TN and TP were selected as main contamination factors. The results showed that the primary pollutants were nitrogen and phosphorus by calculating the weight coefficient e(i) of contamination factors from 1996 to 2005. According to fuzzy comprehensive exponent z(j) evaluating water quality of reservoir from 1996 to 2005, the ten-year water quality dynamic trend was studied.

In this paper, the random telegraph noise (RTN) statistics in silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs) are comprehensively studied. The capture/emission time constants and probabilities are found to be strongly impacted by the quantum confinement in SNWTs, which cannot be fully explained by classical RTN theory. A full quantum RTN model for SNWTs is proposed for fundamental understanding of the experiments. The characteristics of non-stationary RTN in SNWTs under high-field biases are studied for the first time, based on the developed statistical trap-response (STR) characterization method. The trap capture probability is found to be much different from that of the quasi-stationary RTN, leading to large errors in circuit aging prediction if using traditional RTN distributions. These new understandings are critical for robust SNWT circuit design against RTN.

In this paper, fly ash after chemical modification was applied into the adsorption process on Cr(III). The operation conditions in modification process, such as concentration of modification solution, time, temperatures, dosage of fly ash and so on, were analyzed to optimize the characteristics of modified fly ash, qualitativly indicated by the removal capacity on Cr(III). The achievements indicated that as an acceptable adsorbent, especially after chemical modification, the internal structure characteristics of fly ash was more benefit for Cr(III) removal. Operation conditions of modification could finally affect removal capacity on Cr(III) to some extent, which should be seriously considered. The results were helpful for adsorption mechanism investigation, and more important in practical application.

In order to better understand fly ash (FA) samples, the sedimentation curve and loss weight in burning process were studied to reveal the physical properties, and the component and surface characteristics were analyzed with TG-DTG, SEM, FTIR and XRD approaches. The results showed SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 accounted for 79.61% of the total weight of FA samples, and the sedimentation process was finished at 30 min. The total weight of FA samples decreased with temperatures increasing, especially from 620 °C to 670 °C. At 643.5 °C, the DTG value was highest, reached to 0.06148 %/°C. SEM micrographs indicated the rough and holey surface on FA samples composed of particles with different structures and shapes. The representative products were quartz and aluminosilicate, -OH, Si-O-Si and O-Si-O were found on the FTIR spectra and XRD diffractogram. The achievements were of great importance for the future utilization of FA samples in wastewater purification.

Batch adsorption procedures were conducted to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions with fly ash (FA). The samples of FA were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and the effects of initial pH value, contact time, MB concentration and dosage of FA on removal efficiency were investigated. The holey characteristics and rough surface of FA made it possible to purify wastewater containing MB. It proved the reaction was fast, at the pH value of 6, the removal efficiency was optimal, lower MB concentration as well as higher dosage of FA could accelerate MB removal. The regeneration reaction on FA with 200 mL of C 3 H 6 O for 30 min was more effective than others. FA was effective in wastewater purification for MB, the ease of handling and low cost made it potential in practical application.

Fly ash (FA) was used as adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions, adsorption kinetics and isotherm equations were analyzed to reveal the characteristics, optimal operation conditions were attained through orthogonal experiments. The results revealed that FA was acceptable on MB removal. The process was a pseudo-second-order reaction and fit Langmuir isotherm equation better with correlation coefficients of R2 0.9989 and the maximum adsorption capacity 11.0865 mg/g, the reaction could proceed spontaneously and the reaction was endothermic. Orthogonal experiments indicated that of MB concentration 20 mg/L, dosage of FA 0.5 g and initial pH value 5 was optimal, the average removal efficiency was 98.77%. FA was appropriate to remove MB and Cr(III) together in aqueous solutions. With acceptable removal efficiency and lower cost, the reaction system with FA was potential in future utilization for wastewater purification.

The gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire transistor (SNWT) is considered as one of the best candidates for ultimately scaled CMOS devices. This paper discusses the process impact on nanowire LER/LWR, as well as the impact of 2D nanowire LER on performance variation and degradation. And it is found that SNWTs, which is immune to channel RDF(random dopant fluctuation), exhibit SDE-RDF which is enhanced by diameter-dependent annealing. In addition, the different impacts of the experimentally extracted variation sources in SNWTs on the threshold voltage and on current flucturation is discussed, as well as the variability impact on SNWT based SRAM cells compared with planar SRAM cells.

This paper discusses self-heating effect and variability behavior of GAA SNWTs. Due to the 1-D nature of nanowire and increased phononboundary scattering in GAA structure, the selfheating effect in SNWTs based on bulk substrate is comparable or even a little bit worse than SOI devices, which may limit the ultimate performance of SNWT-based circuits and thus special design consideration is expected. On the other hand, random variation has become a practical problem at nano-scale. The characteristic variability of SNWTs is experimentally extracted and studied in detail. And the impacts of nanowire LER, the diameter-dependent annealing enhanced nanowire This paper discusses self-heating effect and variability behavior of GAA SNWTs. Due to the 1-D nature of nanowire and increased phononboundary scattering in GAA structure, the selfheating effect in SNWTs based on bulk substrate is comparable or even a little bit worse than SOI devices, which may limit the ultimate performance of SNWT-based circuits and thus special design consideration is expected. On the other hand, random variation has become a practical problem at nano-scale. The characteristic variability of SNWTs is experimentally extracted and studied in detail. And the impacts of nanowire LER, the diameter-dependent annealing enhanced nanowire

With the comprehensive development of Next Generation Network (NGN), voice calls on IPv6 (VoIP over IPv6) is the general trend. This paper studies the core Signalling Conrol Protocol of NGN-SIP features and structure, analyzes the model based on SIP, researches the framework of voice within SIP, eventually proposed the way to complete VoIP in the environment of IPv6 with VC++.