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This research aimed to dissect the function of TYRP1 and PMEL in glaucomatous animal and cell models.A chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model was induced in the right eyes of rats through the electrocoagulation of superficial iris veins. In addition, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) model was constructed through OGD. TYRP1 and PMEL expression was altered in the animal and cell models to explore their effects.TYRP1 and PMEL expression was poor in glaucoma patients, COH rats, and OGD-RGCs. Mechanistically, TYRP1 interacted with PMEL to upregulate PMEL in OGD-RGCs. TYRP1 overexpression enhanced viability and diminished apoptosis and oxidative stress of OGD-RGCs, which was abolished by PMEL knockdown. TYRP1 upregulation reduced intraocular pressure, RGC apoptosis, and oxidative stress in COH rats, which was reversed by PMEL knockdown.TYRP1 elevates PMEL expression to reduce RGC apoptosis and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.

BACKGROUND People are increasingly using the Internet to seek for health information. However, the overall quality of online health information remains low. The situation is exacerbated by the unprecedented “infodemic”, the flood of rumors and conspiracy theories through various online platforms, which brings about negative consequences to patients. Therefore, it is important to understand how users make these judgments to help them in making better judgments on health information quality, as well as providing customized information services for different groups of users during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to find out how patients apply these different criteria in their judgment of online health information quality during the pandemic, in terms of how frequently they apply these criteria and how important they consider them. In particular, we are going to investigate whether there is a consistency between the likelihood to use a particular criterion and its perceived importance in judging the quality of health information among group of users with different demographics (age, gender, educational and income levels) and levels of health literacy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in one of the leading hospitals from a coastal province of China with a population of forty million. A combined-strategy sampling (randomization stratification and systematic sampling) was taken to balance the randomness and the practicality of the recruiting process. 1063 patients were recruited in this study. Two kinds of statistical analysis were adopted in this study. For whether a particular criterion was used by the patient, Chi-square analysis was used to compare the group differences in the frequency of criterion use since it was a binary variable. For the perceived importance of each criterion, non-parametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis) was used to compare the group differences (the normal distribution assumption was not guaranteed). RESULTS It was found that the pattern of the inclination to use certain criteria to judge the quality of online information was not always consistent with the pattern of their perceived importance among patient groups with different ages, genders, educational levels, and eHealth literacy levels. For particular criteria such as familiarity, identification, and readability, patients in one demographic group may not use them more frequently than other groups even they consider these criteria as more important than the other groups do. Moreover, patients in particular groups may use these criteria more frequently even they do not consider them as more important than other groups do. Furthermore, it is surprised to find that patients merely with the primary school degree considered the comprehensiveness criterion as more important than those with the bachelor's degree but less likely to use it in practice, which is counter-intuitive to our commonsense. In the coming sections, the results are interpreted and discussed with both theoretical and practical implications. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to investigate the consistency between the pattern of the likelihood to use certain quality judgment criteria and the pattern of their perceived importance among patients grouped by different demographic variables and eHealth literacy levels. The findings share lights on how to improve the online health information services and provide fine-grained customization of information for users, which make the judgment easier and faster.

The present study was intended to investigate the role of embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (ESC-Exos) in Müller cell retrodifferentiation and their specific mechanism.Following co-incubation of the extracted ESC-Exos and Müller cells, their effects on the retrodifferentiation and proliferation of Müller cells were measured by EdU staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. ESCs transfected with small interfering RNA of BDNF were co-incubated with Müller cells to determine Müller cell proliferation and retrodifferentiation. β-catenin expression in the nucleus and GSK-3β phosphorylation were measured to determine the role of the Wnt pathway in Müller cells. The function of the retina in RCS rats was observed using flash electroretinogram.Co-incubation of ESCs with Müller cells or overexpression of BDNF contributed to Müller cell retrodifferentiation and proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell proliferation, fluorescence intensities of proliferation markers and retinal stem cell markers, and expression of BDNF and β-catenin, and suppressed GSK-3β phosphorylation. However, co-incubation with ESCs silencing BDNF or treatment with GW4869 inhibited the proliferation and retrodifferentiation of retinal Müller cells. In addition, exosome injection increased BDNF, BrdU, PH3, SOX2, and Pax6 expression, enhanced β-catenin expression in the nucleus, diminished GSK-3β, and improved retinal degeneration in RCS rats.ESC-Exos accelerated Müller cell retrodifferentiation and proliferation through Wnt pathway activation by delivering BDNF protein to Müller cells.

Meteorological disasters are important public events that can generate a wide range of online public opinion. Studying the patterns and mechanisms of public opinion dissemination during meteorologi...

The paper focuses on how to improve academic output of a granted fund when the adding of new members changes principal investigator’s network position. This objective is refined by exploring how new members affect the relationship between principal investigator’s network position and the academic output of granted funds, and whether this effect is similar in high-output and low-output collaboration networks. New members are divided into two groups, namely, international collaboration and inbound mobility. Using negative binomial regression on research funds supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the results indicate that new members indeed have moderating effects on the relationship between principal investigator’s network position and the academic output of granted funds. Moreover, we find that this moderating effect in high-output collaboration networks is larger than that in low-output collaboration networks. Our findings provide practical implications for the decision makers to design funding planning and for the principal investigators to improve academic output.

International audience; Icon plays a critical role in computer interface design. Studies on icon taxonomy explain the way in which various types of icon represent the objects and provide designers creation rules by which icons are more in line with users’ cognitive psychology. However, along with larger and larger use of icons, the previous classification criterion causes the boundary between categories blur. What’s more, Single classification standard is not able to well illustrate the icons applied in today’s computer applications. The purpose of this paper is to present an objective-oriented icon taxonomy which proposes to categorize icons into action icon and knowledge icon. To assess this proposition, we analyzed a sample of icons that applied in computer interface and suggest precise application domains to both action icon and knowledge icon categories. The results of this practice manifested that action icon and knowledge icon implied a high relation with applied environment and explicated the development trace of computer icons. This work is one of the first to point out the notion of knowledge icon and to highlight the importance of objective of icon application. Findings in this paper could enrich icon use in computer interface design, especially provides possible way to improve online knowledge sharing by visual tool like icon.

Considering the shortage of lacking semantic support and navigation for information resources sharing in peer-to-peer networks, a user-oriented semantic sharing framework model of knowledge resources is presented which is based on hybrid ontology approaches and the theory of knowledge map. And it includes five modules: ontology management module, nodes sharing information resources management module, user model management module, query processing module and neighbor management module. The characteristics of this sharing model are analyzed.