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Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is of great significance for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of metastatic cancer. Among CTC capture methods independent of antibodies, membrane filtration-based methods have the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high throughput but usually have problems such as clogging, high pressure drop, and impaired cell viability. In this study, we designed and tested a reusable device that used horizontal rotor and fluid-assisted separation to capture CTCs by centrifugal membrane filtration, achieving simple, fast, highly efficient, and viable cell capture on traditional centrifuge. The average capture efficiency was 95.8% for different types of cancer cells with90% survival, and the removal of white blood cells can reach 99.72% under four times cleaning of the membrane after filtration. A further clinic demo was performed using the device to detect residual leukemic cells in patients; the results showed a 10-fold enrichment of the leukemic cells in peripheral blood samples. Taken together, the simple, robust, and efficient CTC capture device may have the potential for clinic routine detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells.

Squirrels of temperate zones commonly store nuts or seeds under leaf litter, in hollow logs or even in holes in the ground; however, in humid rainforests, it is an evolutionary challenge for squirrels to hang elliptical or oblate nuts securely on trees to minimize germination or fungal infection. Here, we report a unique behaviour used by two species of small flying squirrels (Hylopetes phayrei electilis(G. M. Allen, 1925) andHylopetes alboniger(Hodgson, 1870)) to cache nuts on Hainan Island. Squirrels intentionally carved grooves encircling ellipsoid nuts or distributed on the bottom of oblate nuts and used these grooves to fix nuts tightly between small twigs 0.1-0.6 cm in diameter and connected at angles of 25-40°. The resulting structures were similar to the mortise-tenon joint of ancient Chinese architecture. Cache sites were on small plants located 10-25 m away from the closest potentially nut-producing tree, a behaviour that likely deters discovery and consumption of the nuts by other animals. Their ability to shape individual nuts to store them more securely suggests it is a smart behavior, which is likely formed by the adaption to life in humid tropical rainforests to guarantee food supply and impacts the distribution of tree species.

The influence of interphase on the level and distribution of thermal residual stress (TRS) in SiCp/6061Al composites was studied by using a three-dimensional (3D) interface-phase model. The thermal...

Industrial parks play an extremely important role in the rapid development of China's economy. However, as the backbone of China's economic development, industrial parks also consume huge energy resources and cause serious pollution to the environment, making China face greater pressure on environmental issues. This article takes the Yongcheng Economic and Technological Development Area, a typical energy-intensive industrial park in Henan Province, as the research object to analyze its energy saving and emission reduction potential. Three scenarios (baseline scenario, energy cascade utilization scenario, and energy efficiency technology enhancement scenario) are set to quantify the energy-saving potential and air pollutant emission reduction of the park under different scenarios. The results show that in the energy cascade utilization scenario, by realizing the recycling of waste heat resources from heat source enterprises, it can bring energy saving of 6385 TJ, and reduce 0.35 kt SO2, 0.79 kt NOx, 0.067 kt PM10, and 0.035 kt PM2.5. And CO2 emission reductions have reached 604 kt. In the energy efficiency technology enhancement scenario, by eliminating relatively backward technologies and adding advanced energy-saving technologies, 7306 TJ energy saving could be achieved. SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 emission reductions are 0.37, 0.82, 0.038, 0.071, and 719 kt, respectively. The results of the CALPUFF model indicate that the pollutant concentrations of SO2, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 in the spring and autumn are relatively high, while those in the summer and winter seasons are relatively low. In four seasons, the highest 1-h average concentration and dispersion range of four pollutants have been reduced both in the energy cascade utilization scenario and in the efficiency technology enhancement scenario.

Collective invasion of cancer cells is the key process of circulating tumor cell (CTC) cluster formation, and greatly contributes to metastasis. Cancer stem‐like cells (CSC) have a distinct advantage of motility for metastatic dissemination. To verify the role of CSC in the collective invasion, we performed 3D assays to investigate the collective invasion from cancer cell spheroids. The results demonstrated that CSC can significantly promote both collective and single‐cell invasion. Further study showed that CSC prefer to move outside and lead the collective invasion. More interestingly, approximately 60% of the leader CSC in collective invasion co–expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal genes, while only 4% co–expressed in single invasive CSC, indicating that CSC with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype play a key role in cancer cell collective invasion., To verify the role of CSC in the collective invasion, we performed 3D assays for investigating the collective invasion from cancer cell spheroids. The results demonstrated that CSC act as leaders to promote collective invasion with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype. Our present observations may predict a new strategy for cancer metastasis, including interventions targeting CSC.

Isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood provides a potential way to detect and characterize cancer. Existing technologies to separate or capture CTCs from whole blood still have issues with sample throughput, separation efficiency or stable efficiency at different flow rates. Here, we proposed a new concept to capture rare CTCs from blood by integrating a triangular prism array-based capture apparatus with streamline-based focus-separation speed reduction design. The focus-separation design could focus and maintain CTCs, while removing a considerable proportion of liquid (98.9%) containing other blood cells to the outlet, therefore, a high CTC capture efficiency could be achieved in the trap arrays with a high initial flow rate. It is worth mentioning that the new design works well over a wide range of flow rates, so it does not require the stability of the flow rate. The results showed that this novel integrated chip can achieve a sample throughput from 5 to 40 mL h-1 with a stable and high CTC capture efficiency (up to 94.8%) and high purity (up to 4 log white blood cells/WBC depletion). The clinical experiment showed that CTCs including CTC clusters were detected in 11/11 (100.0%) patients (mean = 31 CTCs mL-1, median = 25 CTCs mL-1). In summary, our chip enriches and captures CTCs based on physical properties, and it is simple, cheap, fast, and efficient and has low requirements on flow rate, which is very suitable for large-scale application of CTC testing in clinics.

Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation (FLASH-IR) has got extensive attention since it may provide better protection on normal tissues while maintain tumor killing effect compared with conventional dose rate irradiation. The FLASH-IR induced protection effect on normal tissues is exhibited as radio-resistance of the irradiated normal cells, and is suggested to be related to oxygen depletion. However, the detailed cell death profile and pathways are still unclear. Presently normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were FLASH irradiated (∼109 Gy/s) at the dose of ∼10–40 Gy in hypoxic and normoxic condition, with ultra-fast laser-generated particles. The early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis of cells were detected and analyzed at 6, 12, and 24 h post FLASH-IR. The results showed that FLASH-IR induced significant early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis in normal fibroblast cells, and the apoptosis level increased with time, in either hypoxic or normoxic conditions. In addition, the proportion of early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis were significantly lower in hypoxia than that of normoxia, indicating that radio-resistance of normal fibroblast cells under FLASH-IR can be enhanced by hypoxia. To further investigate the apoptosis related profile and potential pathways, mitochondria dysfunction cells resulting from loss of cytochrome c (cyt c–/–) were also irradiated. The results showed that compared with irradiated normal cells (cyt c+/+), the late apoptosis and necrosis but not early apoptosis proportions of irradiated cyt c–/– cells were significant decreased in both hypoxia and normoxia, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction increased radio-resistance of FLASH irradiated cells. Taken together, to our limited knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on the death profile and pathway of normal and cyt c–/– cells under FLASH-IR in hypoxic and normoxic circumstances, which might help us improve the understanding of the FLASH-IR induced protection effect in normal cells, and thus might potentially help to optimize the future clinical FLASH treatment.

The effect of reinforcement surface modification on the residual stress (RS) in 35vo l%SiCp/6061Al composites was studied, and the experimental conclusions were verified by finite element analysis. The results show that after the SiC particles were modified by pickling, ultrasonic stirring and high-temperature oxidation (1100 ℃/6 h), the composite has the lowest RS, which was only 1.1 MPa. Microstructure and phase composition of 35vo l%SiCp/6061Al composites have been examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It was found that the reinforcement surface modification was beneficial to promote the improvement of interface bonding state, and the diffraction peaks of Si element have been significantly enhanced. Additionally, the formed Al-Si-SiC interphase has a higher interface adhesion work, which effectively reduced the concentration degree of RS. An interface-phase model based on the surface morphology of real SiC particles was established. The simulation results show that the RS was mainly concentrated in the sharp corners of reinforcement, and the stress level is relatively high. When the sharp corners were eliminated, the stress level gradually decreases. When the Al-Si-SiC interphase was formed, the stress level in SiCp/6061Al composites decreases significantly. The results of finite element simulation and experimental measurement were relatively consistent.

Cancer stem cell (CSC) is thought to be the major cause of radio-resistance and relapse post radiotherapy (RT). Recently ultra-high dose rate “FLASH-RT” evokes great interest for its decreasing normal tissue damages while maintaining tumor responses compared with conventional dose rate RT. However, the killing effect and mechanism of FLASH irradiation (FLASH-IR) on CSC and normal cancer cell are still unclear. Presently the radiation induced death profile of CSC and normal cancer cell were studied. Cells were irradiated with FLASH-IR (∼109 Gy/s) at the dose of 6–9 Gy via laser-accelerated nanosecond particles. Then the ratio of apoptosis, pyroptosis and necrosis were determined. The results showed that FLASH-IR can induce apoptosis, pyroptosis and necrosis in both CSC and normal cancer cell with different ratios. And CSC was more resistant to radiation than normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR. Further experiments tracing lysosome and autophagy showed that CSCs had higher levels of lysosome and autophagy. Taken together, our results suggested that the radio-resistance of CSC may associate with the increase of lysosome-mediated autophagy, and the decrease of apoptosis, necrosis and pyroptosis. To our limited knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on the killing effects and death pathways of CSC and normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR. By clarifying the death pathways of CSC and normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR, it may help us improve the understanding of the radio-resistance of CSC and thus help to optimize the future clinical FLASH treatment plan.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that escaped from the primary tumor or the metastasis into the blood and they play a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, it is widely accepted that CTC is the main target of liquid biopsy. In the past few decades, the separation of CTC based on the electrochemical method has attracted widespread attention due to its convenience, rapidness, low cost, high sensitivity, and no need for complex instruments and equipment. At present, CTC detection is not widely used in the clinic due to various reasons. Point-of-care CTC detection provides us with a possibility, which is sensitive, fast, cheap, and easy to operate. More importantly, the testing instrument is small and portable, and the testing does not require specialized laboratories and specialized clinical examiners. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the electrochemical-based CTC detection and point-of-care CTC detection, and discussed the challenges and possible trends.

As much as 90% of cancer associated mortality follows metastasis of a primary tumor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters are important for metastasis. Compared to CTCs, CTC clusters formed by collective invasion exhibit a 23-50 fold increase in metastatic potential, but the factors that influence collective invasion are largely unknown. Using well defined three-dimensional matrices and different extracellular matrix (ECM) concentrations, we found that cancer cells were more prone to collective invasion at low ECM concentration. Moreover, despite variation of biological factors, changes in ECM microarchitecture, especially the pore size of the matrix, was correlated with the probability of collective invasion, which indicates that the physical microarchitecture of ECM plays an important role in collective invasion of cancer cells.

This paper mainly introduces the design scheme and the concrete realization method of small satellite launch site remote testing project. The paper analyzes the management process and technology realization of satellite remote testing from three aspects, namely the workflow, management mode and technology realization. The remote testing system solves the difficulties under the condition of long distance and narrow bandwidth, such as stability, security and flashover of remote control and multi-channel parallel transmission of audio and video data across the network segment. Through remote testing of launch site, it significantly saves manpower. It is conducive to providing technical support for the launch site with more back superior resources. With the overall popularization and application of launch site remote testing, the work interface is delivered to AIT, further promoting the separation of design and production as well as model development management mode transformation.

Studying the impact of tillage and fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and aggregate is essential to define better strategies for improving soil structure and SOC sequestration. A field experiment was conducted for 9 years to investigate effects of different tillage and fertilization management practices on SOC and its active fractions [labile organic carbon (LOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)] within the bulk soil and in soil aggregates under rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based cropping systems. Five treatments were included: conventional tillage with no fertilizer (CT), conventional tillage with chemical fertilizer (CTFR), reduced tillage with chemical fertilizer (RTFR), conventional tillage with organic manure (CTOM), and reduced tillage with organic manure (RTOM). The results showed that the organic manured plots (CTOM and RTOM) significantly increased the concentrations of SOC and active carbon fractions (LOC, DOC and MBC) within the bulk soil and soil macroaggregates, and increased the mass proportion of macroaggregates (>250 μm) compared with chemical fertilizer treatments (CTFR and RTFR) or CT. The highest SOC concentration and macroaggregates (>250 μm) were observed in CTOM. The increased SOC, especially active carbon fractions, was mainly concentrated in soil macroaggregates (>250 μm). Soil aggregates were dominated by macroaggregates (>250 μm), which had higher MBC and lower PAOC (the percentage of slow plus passive carbon fractions) after 9 years of RTOM treatment than after CT or CRFR treatment. The results indicated that RTOM played a positive role in promoting the formation of the soil macroaggregate structure. By studying the responses of SOC and water-stable aggregate contents to different tillage and fertilization managements, the continual application of organic manure may be feasible and the periodic organic manure addition may be combined with reduced tillage practice to produce an integrated soil management strategy for the paddy–upland rotation region in Middle China.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are the principal causes of tumor radio-resistance, dormancy and recurrence after radiotherapy. Clinical trials show hyperthermia (HT) might be a potent radiation sensitizer. In this study, CSCs were found to be more susceptible to radiation when combined with HT treatment. Treated cells showed significantly reduced self-renewal, cell survival and proliferation in vitro, as well as significant reduced tumor formation in vivo. Further study demonstrated that the radiosensitization effect was associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in CSCs, confirmed by modifying redox status in CSCs bidirectionally. Pharmacologic depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulphoximine mimicked HT induced radiosensitivity in CSCs. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could efficiently rescue HT induced radiosensitivity in CSCs. To our knowledge, this may be the first report suggesting the association between elevated intracellular ROS level and HT induced radiosensitization in human breast CSCs and pancreatic CSCs, which might provide new strategy for improving CSCs radiosensitivity.

Background The impact of macroscopic pathologic features of primary tumor that could be obtained preoperatively on pT classification has not been reported so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of incorporation of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer into the pT classification. Materials and methods Clinicopathologic and prognostic data of 1622 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery were retrospectively studied. Results Of 1622 patients, 135 (8.32%) patients were classified as having Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. We first confirmed that Borrmann type IV gastric cancer was one of the independent prognostic factors for patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery. Interestingly, we found that overall survival of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer could be clearly distinguished by pN classification and pathological TNM stage but not by pT classification. Importantly, further analysis demonstrated that the prognosis of Borrmann type IV gastric cancers was homogeneous with that of pT4b cancers but poorer than pT2, pT3, pT4a cancers. Therefore, we proposed a novel pT classification in which pT4b disease was defined as cancers that were Borrmann type IV or those that had invaded adjacent structures. Two-step multivariate analysis demonstrated that the novel pT classification was more suitable for prognostic assessment than the original classification. Conclusions Classifying Borrmann type IV gastric cancer as pT4b disease improves pT classification prediction of prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer after radical surgery.

Iron and steel sector is the largest industrial energy consumer and emission source of greenhouse gas and air pollutants in China. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a quantitative assessment for energy conservation potential and environmental benefits of China’s iron and steel industry. Energy efficiency improvement, EAF promotion and charcoal substitution are efficient measures to achieve cleaner and sustainable development. In this paper, five scenarios are designed for comprehensively analyzing the multiple factors influencing the potential for energy conservation and emission reduction. Furthermore, emissions reduction benefits of air pollutants are combined with Conservation Supply Curves to accurately evaluate the cost of the technology. A comprehensive emission inventory of air pollutants is established. The results show that under the synergistic effects of charcoal substitution, EAF improvement and energy efficiency improvement, significant environmental benefits have been achieved. Energy intensity was reduced obviously from 16.59 GJ/t-steel in 2017 to 14.46 GJ/t-steel in 2030 in integrated scenario, while the emission intensity of GHG, SO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO and VOCs in 2030 is decreased by 21.53%, 14.59%, 17.07%, 0.16%, 0.22%, 16.5% and 20.67% compared with business-as-usual scenario. In addition, combining Conservation Supply Curves with emissions reduction benefits can significantly reduce the cost of the technology, which has a great significance to the popularization and application of technologies. Sensitivity analysis in terms of discount rate and energy price is conducted. This study could help policy makers to cast light on the status quo and prompt more effective policies for China’s iron and steel industry.

In 2018, 88% of the crude steel manufactured in China was produced by blast furnace - basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route. This leads to high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in China’s iron and steel industry. In this study, the life cycle assessment of environmental impact in an iron and steel plant was evaluated by using GaBi v.8.7 software. Eight assessment categories were evaluated to determine direct/indirect contribution, and the results of impact categories were further normalized for comparison among different unit processes. The results indicated that the BF alone contributed greatly to various environmental impact categories, or 73% Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP), 54% Eutrophication Potential (EP), and 69% Global Warming Potential (GWP). Different scenario settings were established to reduce nonrenewable fuel consumption and corresponding environmental impacts. The scenario 2 (replacement of coke and anthracite in BF with charcoal) and scenario 3 (increasing electric arc furnace (EAF) route) were able to reduce total environmental impacts by 14% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the scenario 1 (existing conditions). The normalized results of each assessment category scores indicated that the main environmental impacts of production process were Human Toxicity Potential (33%), GWP (30%) and ADP (25%). The EAF route exhibits less environmental impact than BF-BOF route, especially in GWP, ADP, Cumulative Energy Demand and EP. In the future, steel making enterprises in China should be encouraged to shift their process from BF-BOF to EAF route as was done in developed countries.

While promoting the economic development of resource-dependent cities, the industry also brings serious environmental and ecological issues. The combination of industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis (IS/UrS) offers a new solution to environmental and ecological challenges for resource-dependent cities. To quantify the benefits of IS/UrS in resource-dependent cities, this study assessed triple benefits including environmental (raw materials saving and wastes reuse), reduced CO2 emission, and ecological (emergy saving) benefits via IS/UrS in Yongcheng (China) by combining material flow analysis and emergy analysis. The results indicate that a total of thirty-nine IS/UrS activities (including twenty-nine in-use and ten potential IS/UrS activities) are identified, which can achieve remarkable resources saving including 2.37 Mt slag substitution for feedstock mix in cement clinker production (96% from existing in-use activities), 0.43 Mt municipal solid waste reduction (100% from potential activities), 1.07 Mt coal saving (35% from potential activities), 4.88 Mt CO2 emission reduction (23% from potential activities) and 5.53E+21 sej emergy saving (17% from potential activities). Urban symbiosis activities can contribute additional CO2 reduction and emergy saving by 11% and 7% respectively. Based on the performance of CO2 reduction and emergy saving, recycling of slag/fly ash and scrap steel should be given top priority in the local IS/UrS policy making process. The case study shows that IS/UrS is a useful approach to facilitate the sustainable development of resource-dependent cities, and could be expanded to other similar cities.

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is a collective approach to attain competitive advantage through the physical exchanges of materials, energy, water, and by-products, especially for the energy-intensive industrial parks. To highlight the reduction of potential environmental impacts of IS in a more complicated system, the extent of synergistic interactions among different industries, including power plants, aluminum, chemicals, iron and steel industries, in Yongcheng Economic Development Zone, Henan Province, China was explored. Specifically, a total of nine plants were used for IS analysis with thirteen IS links from the 2017 data. Different from the four environmental impact categories in previous studies, the reduction of potential environmental impacts through eight environmental impact categories adopting life cycle assessment method, including primary energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, particulate matter (PM), human toxicity, respiratory inorganics, and ozone formation potential were evaluated, in addition to economic gains. The results show that effective impact reductions can be attained via thirteen symbiosis links, including 9456 TJ of primary energy, 850 kt CO2eq of GHG, 3297 t SO2eq of acidification, 242 t PO43−eq of eutrophication, 24 t PM10eq of particulate matter, 2529 t 1,4-dichlorobenzene-eq of human toxicity, 4087 t PM2.5eq of respiratory inorganics and 20.6 t C2H4eq of ozone formation potential. In addition, 958 million RMB (1 USD ≈ 6.7 RMB in 2017) could be saved, accounting for 5.5% of the total value added of the park in 2017. The greatest contribution is from steam exchange between the power plants, methanol/ethylene glycol chemical plant, and other enterprises. In total, IS is an important way to reduce environmental impacts and gain economic benefits in this energy-intensive industrial park. The government should speed up the promotion of IS and make it a feasible approach to more eco-efficient development in industrial parks.

This paper evaluates the level of urban land intensive use in Henan Province and analyzes the influence of different indexes on urban land intensive use in Henan Province. PSR model was adopted. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the intensive use level of urban land in Henan Province gradually increased from 2008 to 2016, but it was still in the stage of overuse, only in 2010 reached a moderate level of utilization; (2) the intensive use level of urban land in Henan Province is not high. Population is one of the main factors restricting the intensive use level of urban land in Henan Province; (3) the government of Henan Province should comprehensively consider the actual situation of Henan Province, increase the intensity of intensive use of urban land, and formulate relevant policies to improve the level of intensive use of urban land in Henan Province.

The paper aims to accurately identify the evolution characteristics of urban land use structure in Henan Province, clarify the current situation and problems of urban land use structure, and provide reference and basis for the optimization of urban land use structure and urban land allocation. Statistical analysis, comparative analysis, information entropy, equilibrium and dominance were used. From 2007 to 2016, the urban construction land area in Henan Province showed an overall upward trend; from 2007 to 2016, the per capita construction land area in Henan Province showed an overall upward - downward - upward trend. From 2007 to 2016, the information entropy, equilibrium and dominance curves of urban land use structure in Henan Province are in a stable state, which shows that the change of urban land use structure tends to be gentle, the overall fluctuation range is not large, and all types of land are relatively uniform. To a certain extent, it can show that urban land development in Henan Province is relatively mature. In the structure of urban construction land in Henan Province, the proportion of residential land is the highest, and its area and proportion are increasing year by year. This is closely related to the increase of urban population. The proportion of industrial land is higher, but it decreases year by year. The land for urban green space, square and road traffic facilities is increasing year by year, and others. Although the land use area of different types is increasing year by year, the proportion of structure is decreasing year by year, and the urban land use structure of Henan Province is in the stage of continuous adjustment.

Sleep patterns have been associated with the development of cancers, although the association between sleep duration and breast cancer remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between sleep duration and breast cancer risk. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response relationship. Data from 415,865 participants were derived from 10 studies. A J-shaped nonlinear trend was found between sleep duration and breast cancer incidence (Pnon-linear= 0.012); compared with the reference hours (6 h or 7 h), with increasing sleep hours, the risk of breast cancer increased (Ptrend= 0.028). Moreover, a nonlinear relationship was found between sleep duration and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (Pnon-linear= 0.013); the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer increased with increasing sleep hours compared to the reference hours (Ptrend= 0.024). However, no nonlinear relationship was found between sleep duration and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer; the risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer was 1.035 for every additional sleep hour. Compared to women with the reference number of sleep hours, women with a longer sleep duration might have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer, especially estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Background: China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease launched a guideline-based 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) phone APP, and created a heart age index to visualize the CVD risk to public. This is the first time using totally Chinese local database which includes 40,000 people following up 10-15 years to assess CVD incidence risk. We assessed the self-test effect of the app in China and the feasibility of promoting risk assessment app as a primary prevention tool for CVD by government. Methods: The app was promoted through media and government projects by encouraging people spontaneously and randomly scanning two dimensional code and answering 8 questions about CVD risk factors, including age, sex, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, weight, height, smoking. We analyzed the current status of cardiovascular risk in Chinese residents, the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, the distribution of heart-age and so on by SPSS 19.0. Spearman bivariate correlation analysis was used to get the correlation coefficient among different risk factors. Results: Over 5 months, 18,214 people (39.7% of men, 60.3% of women) spontaneously used the app around the whole country. The mean age was 55.9 years, the mean heart-age was 64.8 years, and the mean 10-year CVD risk was 4.1%. For hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes patients, the mean 10-year CVD risks were 8.7%, 7.1%, and 9.5% respectively. Prevalence of hypertension (SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg), hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol>6.2mmol/L) and diabetes mellitus were 15.8%, 14.4% and 8.5%, respectively. There were 11.2% people smoked. Among hypertensive patients, 33.4% had hyperlipidemia at the same time, and 10.5% of diabetes patients had hyperlipidemia. There were 0.54% people who had three diseases simultaneously. The correlation coefficient between hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 0.101 (P Conclusions: The 10-years CVD risk evaluation app can be a primary prevention tool for CVD in China, given its friendly design and visual risk. For the public, heart-age is 10 years older than actual age. Hyperlipidemia is highly associated with hypertension and diabetes, so it’s necessary for Chinese government to include blood lipid management in its national policy like hypertension and hyperglycemia management, though such policy is lacking in China