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Introduction: Adequate supply with healthcare staff remains one of the most significant challenges for public health in Russia. Suboptimal labor conditions and low payments have led to significant outflow of medical professionals from public to private health sector resulting in insufficient number of doctors and nurses, but the impact of this lack of personnel has not been assessed. Aim: To study associations between staffing in medical organizations and population morbidity in 2009-2018 in Ryazan region. Methods: Secondary data on population morbidity and staffing of medical organizations for the period from 2009 to 2018 were used for all analyses. Results: Total morbidity in the Ryazan region decreased from 7 400.3 to 7 214.9 per 10 thousand. Significant urban-rural differences were observed. In 2018, urban morbidity exceeded rural morbidity by 80 %. Staffing of healthcare system has been decreasing over the study period which is in line with the national trend. The number of doctors has been decreasing more rapidly than the number of nurses. Conclusions: Staffing of medical organizations is associated with population morbidity. Further research should concentrate on the factors that could explain the observed associations.

Electrodeless streamer inception on an epoxy surface under AC voltage stress was investigated for different gas compositions and pressures, with a focus on the pressure region below 1 bar. For this purpose, we used a set-up with cylindrical electrodes embedded out-of-axis in a cylindrical epoxy rod. Experiments were performed in N2, SF6, ambient air, Ar and CO2. The discharge inception voltage was measured, from which the critical value K of the ionization integral was reconstructed assuming a non-disturbed Laplacian field distribution. We have validated that for electropositive gases Ar an N2 the generally assumed value of K = 10 is in good agreement with our measurements. For electronegative gases, however, the experimentally obtained values turned out to be considerably higher. We attribute this discrepancy mainly to the statistical time delay of the first electron; to increase the probability of discharge inception in a critical region, it was necessary to extend the critical area by means of applying an overvoltage to the system.

The influence of SF 6 -admixtures to N 2 on electrodeless streamer inception at the surface of a dielectric solid (epoxy resin) is investigated for different SF 6 /N 2 ratios and gas pressures, with focus on the lower pressure region (below 1 bar) which is only sparsely discussed in literature. For this purpose, we use a special set-up with cylindrical electrodes embedded out of axis in a cylindrical epoxy rod. The influence of the dielectric surface on streamer development is analyzed by estimating the ionization rate. Ionization rates obtained from experimental measurements seem to be higher than those available for discharges in bulk gas under similar conditions. The main influence on the inception voltage, however, seems to come from the change in the field distribution due to the presence of the dielectric solid. Furthermore, it turns out that the streamer inception voltage increases with gas pressure for a constant SF 6 /N 2 ratio, increases rapidly as a function of the SF 6 /N 2 ratio at small amounts of SF 6 (∼ 5%), and increases at lower rates for higher amounts. The total duration of the discharge decreases almost by a factor of 10, i.e., from tens of nanoseconds to several nanoseconds for pure nitrogen and 5% SF 6 -admixture, respectively. Overall, it is shown, that the major inception parameters (critical voltage, rise and fall times, current shapes) of streamer discharges on a gas-solid dielectric interface change considerably starting already with a small (5%) admixture of SF 6 to nitrogen.

The influence of SF6-admixtures to N2 on electrodeless streamer inception at the surface of a dielectric solid (epoxy resin) is investigated for different SF6/N2 ratios and gas pressures, with focus on the lower pressure region (below 1 bar) which is only sparsely discussed in literature. For this purpose, we use a special set-up with cylindrical electrodes embedded out of axis in a cylindrical epoxy rod. The influence of the dielectric surface on streamer development is analyzed by estimating the ionization rate. Ionization rates obtained from experimental measurements seem to be higher than those available for discharges in bulk gas under similar conditions. The main influence on the inception voltage, however, seems to come from the change in the field distribution due to the presence of the dielectric solid. Furthermore, it turns out that the streamer inception voltage increases with gas pressure for a constant SF6/N2 ratio, increases rapidly as a function of the SF6/N2 ratio at small amounts of SF6 (∼ 5%), and increases at lower rates for higher amounts. The total duration of the discharge decreases almost by a factor of 10, i.e., from tens of nanoseconds to several nanoseconds for pure nitrogen and 5% SF6-admixture, respectively. Overall, it is shown, that the major inception parameters (critical voltage, rise and fall times, current shapes) of streamer discharges on a gas-solid dielectric interface change considerably starting already with a small (5%) admixture of SF6 to nitrogen.

In the article there are the results of a medical-social study passed in the children's out-medical organizations of Ryazan. The author examines the questions of the accessibility of a pediatrics help, the problems of the mutuality for children, a medical activity of parents.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) is commonly used as a gaseous dielectric in high-voltage equipment due to its excellent insulating properties and chemical stability. However it significantly contributes to the greenhouse effect, and can under certain circumstances (after a discharge event) be poisonous for persons. Therefore, SF 6 - nitrogen mixtures are considered, in order to decrease the negative effects of the gas, while still keeping the required dielectric properties.

When charged particles impact the surface of a solid material, they can be backscattered from that surface or cause secondary electrons to be emitted. The ratio of the number of emitted electrons (secondary and backscattered) to the incident electrons number is known as the total electron emission yield. Knowledge of this total electron emission yield (TEEY) is highly required in various modern technologies, and several experimental techniques were developed with the purpose of its determination. However, experimental data, obtained with different methods are not in good agreement and sometimes are even contradictive. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing experimental methods of investigating electron emission (EE) from dielectric surfaces, as well as to analyze their accuracy and reliability. The focus is on the processes of the emission from thick layers of insulators which is the case for modern high voltage technologies.

Solid insulation materials are used in high voltage gas-insulated devices for mechanical stability reasons or for the separation of different compartments of the device. While solids have generally higher breakdown strength than gases, the weakest parts are often the solid-gas interfaces of the insulation. This contribution presents first measurements of characteristics of surface flashover in a specially constructed setup. The studied samples are epoxy rods with embedded electrodes, especially designed for localized electrodeless streamer inception and discharge propagation along the surface. The capacitances of the overall system are tuned such that current measurements of the discharge can be performed. In this research we focus on the initial phase of discharge propagation – the formation and development of streamers. The main results are the streamer inception voltage and the evolution of the current shape in nitrogen at different pressures.

Results are presented from the experimental study of the spatial structure and spectrum of the nanosecond distributed sliding surface discharge (plasma sheet) in quiescent air and in a supersonic and transonic gas flow behind a plane shock wave. Discharge investigations were carried out in air flow with velocities up to 1600 m/s within density range of 0.08-0.40 kg/m3. Different structures of plasma glow were observed for the laminar and turbulent flow regimes in the boundary layer. Analysis of the obtained images clearly shows that character of the glow of the discharge changes with change of the boundary layer structure. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the radiation spectrum of sliding surface discharge changes in gas flow after a shock wave

Results of experiments and two-dimensional self-consistent simulation show that small (1–5%) additives of argon inserted in a hydrogen strongly non-uniform microwave discharge (electrode microwave discharge) reduce the emission intensity of excited particles, power absorbed in plasma, and electron and ion densities. Simulations have shown that this effect is linked with the reduction of the flux of ions to the electrode, which causes a decrease in the microwave field in plasma. These results illustrate the role of discharge non-uniformity in processes of discharge physics. It is shown that the argon admixture disturbs the discharge, and so the known method of optical actinometry cannot be used for plasma diagnostics in the case considered here. On the other hand, the addition of argon can be used to control plasma properties.