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This literature review aims to investigate the use of traditional Indian Ayurvedic healing methods in modern medicine. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of disease prevention and treatment, with its main tools being the use of medicinal plants, lifestyle modifications, environmental factors modification, and body care practices. Often, experts speculate about the lack of scientific evidence behind Ayurveda. Scientific evidence is typically understood as the results of clinical trials conducted on humans, following the same principles as drug trials - randomized controlled trials (RCTs), using placebos or active drugs [1]. This review explores cases related to Ayurvedic practice, the use of medications, and the application of treatment methods based on Ayurvedic principles. Several clinical cases are presented, highlighting the abundance of scientific data in this field. Objective. To investigate the existing literature data on the effectiveness of Ayurvedic methods in clinical practice., {"references":["Narayana DBA, Durg S. Ayurveda: (W)here is the evidence. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021 Apr-Jun;12(2):408-411. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.07.001. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32951967; PMCID: PMC8185965.","Patwardhan K, Patwardhan B. Ayurveda education reforms in India. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;8(2):59-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PMID: 28600165; PMCID: PMC5496999.","Chyawanprash from Vedic to Genomic Era by J.K. Ojha; Publication details: Delhi Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan 2003; Description: 208p; ISBN: 9788170841838.","Sharma R, Martins N, Kuca K, Chaudhary A, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Chyawanprash: A Traditional Indian Bioactive Health Supplement. Biomolecules. 2019 Apr 26;9(5):161. doi: 10.3390/biom9050161. PMID: 31035513; PMCID: PMC6571565.","Kumar G, Srivastava A, Sharma SK, Gupta YK. Safety and efficacy evaluation of Ayurvedic treatment (Arjuna powder and Arogyavardhini Vati) in dyslipidemia patients: a pilot prospective cohort clinical study. Ayurveda 2012;33: 197e201. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.105238.","Basler AJ. Pilot study investigating the effects of ayurvedic abhyanga massage on subjective stress experience. J Alternative Compl Med 2011; 17:435e40. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0281.","Pirc K. Abhyanga. New York, United States: Georg Thieme Verlag; 2004.","Uebaba K, Xu F-H, Tagawa M, Asakura R, Itou T, Tatsuse T, et al. Using a healing robot for the scientific study of shirodhara. Altered states of consciousness and decreased anxiety through Indian dripping oil treatments. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2005; 24:69e78.","Soman A, Venkatram S, Chikkanna U, Ramakrishna KK, Bhargav H, Mailankody P, Varambally S. Ayurveda for management of migraine: A narrative review of clinical evidence. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Aug;11(8):4228-4235. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2109_21. Epub 2022 Aug 30. PMID: 36352975; PMCID: PMC9638656.","Ravi Sankaran, Ravindranath Kamath, Vivek Nambiar, Anand Kumar. A prospective study on the effects of Ayurvedic massage in post-stroke patients. J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 Apr-Jun;10(2):126-130., doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.02.137. Epub 2018 Dec 20.","Bijoyaa Mohapatra, Rebecca Shisler Marshall, Jacqueline Laures-Gore. Yogic breathing and Ayurveda in aphasia: a case study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014 May-Jun;21(3):272-9. PMID: 24985394. doi: 10.1310/tsr2103-272.","Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules. 2016 Apr 29;21(5):559. doi: 10.3390/molecules21050559. PMID: 27136524; PMCID: PMC6273146."]}

Chyawanprash, a polyherbal formulation, is popular for its nutritional value and is widely used as a tonic, rejuvenator, immunomodulator, and enhancer. This study aimed to evaluate the quality profile of five different brands of Chyawanprash marketed in Nepal. Proximate analysis, estimation of heavy metal, physicochemical analysis, determination of microbial contamination, estimation of vitamin C, and detection of heavy metals were carried out to assess the therapeutical values and compare the quality control parameters. All the analyses were carried out based on standard procedures. The data analysis revealed that the presence of moisture content (11.83 ± 1.61%–19.90 ± 0.92%), ash content (1.2–2.3%), energy (316.12 ± 1.96–363 ± 11.90 Kcal/100g), acid-insoluble ash content (0.12 ± 0.05–1.47 ± 0.26%), pH (5.12–5.34), vitamin C (9.92–28.58 mg/100g), and heavy metals was not detected in ppm in any of the brands. Chyawanprash holds tremendous amounts of nutritional value suitable for treating different types of illness. Thus, stringent quality control parameters should be implemented from the government level for product consistency and to reduce variation among different brands.

Background Particulate matter (PM) is the major component of air pollution, which includes emissions from both anthropogenic and natural sources. PM, with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 ± 10 μm can remain in the air for a long time and be deposited in the lungs through inhalation and hence, is a major threat to human health. Objective(s) The objective of the present study was to examine the protective effect of Chyawanprash (CP) on PM-induced pulmonary disease through estimation of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Materials and methods CP, standard drug, and vehicle (Group G1 to Group G7) were administered orally at the dose volume of 10 ml/kg, for 28 consecutive days (Prophylactic treatment; i.e., Day 1 to Day 28) and next 10 days (i.e., Day 29 to Day 38) of co-treatment with inducing agent PM2.5 intratracheally. Animals of group G6 (Inhalation + control) and G7 (Inhalation + CP) were exposed group-wise to PM2.5 aerosol (2 mg/5 ml, 15 min) via inhalation in histamine chamber on Days 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37. On Day 38, animals were anesthetised and blood and broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Animals were sacrificed and lungs were collected for histology. Results Prophylactic benefit of CP against pulmonary pathology was evidenced by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (BALF: TNF a, IFN-g, IL-7, IL-6 and lung: TNFa, Histamine and IL-6), chemokines (Lung: MMP-9), inflammatory cell infiltration (cell counts in BALF), and histopatholoy in experimental mice model. Conclusion These findings suggest that CP has potential benefit in protecting from harmful effects caused by air pollutants such as PM2.5.

Nephrolithiasis is a process of forming renal calculi or stones in the kidneys. Certain biochemical changes such as formation of reactive oxygen species are the potential causes for epithelial tissue damage resulting in the idiopathic formation and accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals. There are many evidences available for the protective involvement of antioxidants against oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis. Also many formulations of traditional plants having stone breaking, stone dissolving, and diuretic activities, are available in market as ayurvedic treatments for nephrolithiasis. Most of the ayurvedic formulations available in the treatment of nephrolithiasis are generally churna, syrups, tablets or capsules. Many patients show incompliance for regularly ingesting these formulations. Chyawanprash is one of the oldest and most popular Ayurvedic preparations; it is widely sold and consumed as a dietary supplement as well as health promotive and disease preventive formulation. Considering these factors the Chyawanprash formulation was made using all these traditional plants having well reported antinephrolithiatic, nephroprotective and diuretic activities to treat nephrolithiasis in effective and compliable manner. Chyawanprash is prepared as per the instructions documented in Ayurvedic texts Charaka Samhita, the ancient Ayurvedic treatise. Its evaluation is done to calculate its organoleptic properties, pH, shelf life, stability and microbial contamination, Phase separation. Hence we can conclude that Chyawanprash will no longer be just an Immunity builder but it can be used as an effective and compliable medicine for nephrolithiasis treatment. Key words: Chyawanprash, Traditional medicine, Nutraceutical formulations, Nephrolithiasis, Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate crystals.

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) occurs after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For persons who are at high risk of exposure, the standard of care is personal protection from getting infected. Whether Ayurvedic rasayana drug like Chyawanprash can prevent symptomatic infection in frontline health care workers is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the combination of Chyawanprash and Standard Preventive Regimen compared to the use of Standard Preventive Regimen alone on the proportion of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsAn open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in the HCWs between 25 to 60 years age currently working in an environment with chance of direct exposure to COVID-19 cases. The interventions to be compared in this trial were Standard Preventive Regimen as per institutional guidelines and based on their roles (Group I) and Ayurvedic Intervention viz., Chyawanprash 12 g twice for 30 days from day of randomization plus Standard Preventive Regimen (Group II). The incidence of RT PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases in both groups, was the primary outcome measure. Evaluation of the safety of the study drug (by any statistically significant change in various biochemical and hematological parameters and occurrence of any adverse drug reactions); incidence of any other infective diseases (bacterial /viral/ fungal / etc.) like upper respiratory tract illness during the study period and any change in the immunoglobulins like IgG, IgM and IgE and inflammatory markers like TNF alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 were the secondary outcome measures.ResultsOut of 193 participants who completed the study, no participant in both groups was COVID-19 positive at the end of one month. In post intervention follow-up, 4 subjects in Group I and 2 subjects in Group II were COVID-19 positive. No adverse drug reaction or any serious adverse event was reported during the study. No clinically significant change in the safety parameters was observed before and after the study. Statistically significant rise in Serum IgG level was seen in Group II but other inflammatory and immune markers did not show statistically significant difference.ConclusionChyawanprash was well tolerated by all the participants in the intervention group but to prove its adaptogenic effect and efficacy as an add-on to the standard care in preventing the occurrence of COVID-19, clinical trial for longer duration with larger sample size is needed.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry of India vide CTRI/2020/05/025275 dated 20/05/2020Date of IEC approval19.5.2020

Amla, an Indian gooseberry, is popular for its therapeutic value especially because of presence of tannins, vitamin C, and several phytoconstituents. The fruit is widely cultivated in Asian continents, which includes India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Malaysia, and Nepal. Several clinical studies had proven that this berry has got excellent antidiabetic, anticancer, antipyretic, and analgesic activities and also possesses hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects; it is a remedy for skin and dental-related problems, and it helps to improve hair growth and enhance memory power. There are several value-added products that can be developed by using such wonderful berries such as preserve, candy, pickle, jam, sauce, beverages such as squash, ready-to-serve products, powder, and Chyawanprash. The consumers can reap benefits by consuming amla-based products. Therefore, in this chapter, medicinal properties and processed products from amla are discussed in detail to highlight the significance of utilizing this berry in day-to-day life.

A severe acute respiratory syndrome is an unusual type of contagious pneumonia that is caused by SARS coronavirus. At present, the whole world is trying to combat this coronavirus disease and scientific communities are putting rigorous efforts to develop vaccines. However, there are only a few specific medical treatments for SARS-CoV-2. Apart from other public health measures taken to prevent this virus, we can boost our immunity with natural products. In this article, we have highlighted the potential of common spices and herbs as antiviral agents and immunity boosters. A questionnaire-based online survey has been conducted on home remedies during COVID-19 among a wide range of peoples (n-531) of different age groups (13-68 years) from various countries. According to the survey, 71.8% of people are taking kadha for combating infection and boosting immunity. Most people (86.1%) think that there is no side effect of kadha while 13.9% think vice versa. A total of 93.6% of people think that spices are helpful in curing coronavirus or other viral infection as well as boosting immunity. Most people are using tulsi drops, vitamin C, and chyawanprash for boosting their immunity. Therefore, we conclude from the survey and available literature that spices and herbs play a significant role against viral infections.

Ayurveda a great life science provides many Novel concepts like Rasayan,Vajikaran. Chyawanprash, is one of the Rasayan, used as antiageing process and is being used since ages, but still the standardization is lacking , The present study is aimed to standardize Chyawanprash for estimation of Nutritional components present in it by sophisticated analytical tools. The study shows that it contains maximum Iron which is, in fact, more than recommended daily allowances and Fat is less than 0.1% and other nutritional components as per table 2. This validates the claim that it can be given to patients with heart diseases. Vitamin C present in Raw Amlaki was 447 mg/100 gm, which substantially reduced after processing which was reduced to 7.25 mg/100 gm. Phosphorous detected was 77 gm/100 gm. There was no presence of heavy metals detected. Hence these parameters and the developed methods may be considered as a tool for assistance to the scientific organization and the manufacturers in developing standards for Chwawanprash.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Chyawanprash (CP), a traditional immune booster recipe, has a long history of ethnic origin, development, household preparation and usage. There are even mythological stories about the origin of this recipe including its nomenclature. In the last six decades, CP, because of entrepreneurial actions of some research Vaidyas (traditional doctors) has grown to industrial production and marketing in packed forms to a large number of consumers/patients like any food or health care product. Currently, CP has acquired a large accepted user base in India and in a few countries out-side India. Aim of the study Authoritative texts, recognized by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India, describe CP as an immunity enhancer and strength giver meant for improving lung functions in diseases with compromised immunity. This review focuses on published clinical efficacy and safety studies of CP for correlation with health benefits as documented in the authoritative texts, and also briefs on its recipes and processes. Materials and methods Authoritative texts were searched for recipes, processes, and other technical details of CP. Labels of marketing CP products (Indian) were studied for the health claims. Electronic search for studies of CP on efficacy and safety data were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and DHARA (Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles), and Ayurvedic books were also searched for clinical studies. Results The documented clinical studies from electronic databases and Ayurvedic books evidenced that individuals who consume CP regularly for a definite period of time showed improvement in overall health status and immunity. However, most of the clinical studies in this review are of smaller sample size and short duration. Further, limitation to access and review significant data on traditional products like CP in electronic databases was noted. Conclusions Randomized controlled trials of high quality with larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to have significant evidence on the clinical use of CP as immunity booster. Additional studies involving measurement of current biomarkers of immunity pre- and post-consumption of the product as well as benefits accruing with the use of CP as an adjuvant are suggested.

Hintergrund: Der Alterungsvorgang ist ein Prozess, der nicht aufhaltbar ist, jedoch durch Maßnahmen verzögert werden kann. In der Gesellschaft ist das erfolgreiche Altern, in gesunden Lebensjahren erstrebenswert. Durch die Darstellung der ayurvedischen Therapiemethoden werden Möglichkeiten dargelegt, die zur Gesunderhaltung im Alter beitragen können. Ziele: Das Ziel dieser Literaturarbeit ist, ayurvedische Therapiemethoden aufzuzeigen, die eine präventive Wirkung auf Krankheiten im Alter haben, sowie Methoden darzulegen, welche die Lebensspanne und gesunden Lebensjahre steigern. Methoden: Eine Literaturrecherche wurde in dem Zeitraum von August 2019 bis Mai 2020 durchgeführt. Recherchiert wurde in den Datenbanken Pubmed und Livivo, zusätzlich erfolgte eine Suche über google scholar und in der Bibliothek des FH Campus Wien. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurden 36 Studien herangezogen, die nach dem GRADE-System analysiert und bewertet worden sind. Ergebnisse: Die ausgewählten Studien zeigten, dass der Lebensstil, insbesondere das Ernährungsverhalten, sowie das intermittierende Fasten einen Einfluss auf die Gesunderhaltung ausüben. Des Weiteren kann der Alterungsprozess durch Heilkräutermischungen, wie Triphala, Chyawanprash und Amrit Kalash verzögert werden und tragen aufgrund ihrer antioxidanten Wirkung zur Gesundheitsförderung bei. Ebenso resultierte aus den Studien, dass die ayurvedischen Verhaltensweisen und eine positive Grundeinstellung einen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit haben. Zudem erfolgt durch die transzendentale Meditation eine Bewusstseinsentwicklung, die zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit beiträgt. Schlussfolgerung/Fazit: Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Rasayanas, in Form eines gesunden Lebensstils und durch Heilkräutermischungen, sowie der Transzendentalen Meditation, d zur Gesunderhaltung beitragen und eine präventive Wirkung auf die Krankheitsentstehung haben. Die Studien sind kritisch zu betrachten und noch unzureichend erforscht, um die Fragestellung vollständig beantworten zu können. Der Bedarf an Forschung ist groß, insbesondere angesichts der Rasayanas in Bezug auf die Verhaltensweise und Ernährung. Background: The aging process is a process that cannot be stopped, but can be delayed by measures. Successful aging is desirable in society, to live in healthy years. The presentation of Ayurvedic therapy methods shows options that can contribute to maintaining health in old age. Objectives: The aim of this literature work is to show Ayurvedic therapy methods that have a preventive effect on diseases in old age, as well as methods that increase the lifespan and healthy life years. Methods: A literature search was carried out in the period from August 2019 to May 2020. Research was carried out in the Pubmed and Medline databases, a search by google scholar and in the library of the FH Campus Wien was also carried out. 36 studies were used to answer the question, which were analyzed and evaluated according to the GRADE system. Results: The selected studies showed that lifestyle, especially eating habits, and intermittent fasting have an impact on maintaining health. In addition, the aging process can be delayed by medicinal herb mixtures such as Triphala, Chyawanprash and Amrit Kalash and, due to their antioxidant effect, contribute to health promotion. The studies also showed that behaviors and a positive attitude have an impact on health. In addition, through transcendental meditation there is a development of awareness that contributes to the maintenance of health. Conclusion: The research results show that rasayanas, in the form of a healthy lifestyle and through medicinal herb mixtures, as well as transcendental meditation, d contribute to maintaining health and have a preventive effect on the development of the disease. The studies are to be viewed critically and are insufficiently available to be able to fully answer the question. The need for research is great, especially given the rasayanas in terms of behavior and nutrition. vorgelegt von: Carolina Hasenleithner Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2020

Context: Cyavanaprāśa (CP) is an Ayurvedic immune booster formulation that confers vigor and vitality while delaying the ageing process. Benefits of CP have been studied widely in adult population. Objectives: Current study assessed beneficial effects of CP on health and immunity related parameters in healthy children. Methods: This study was a 6 month long two armed, randomized, open labeled, prospective clinical study. School going healthy children between ages of 5-12 years were randomized to receive orally daily either CP (approx. 6 g) followed by a cup of milk (100 – 200 ml) or cup of milk only twice a day while continuing with their normal/routine diet. Results were analyzed based on number of episodes, severity, duration of illness (infections and allergies) and number of absent days due to illness during the study duration and changes in levels of energy, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life in children which were recorded in subject diary by their parents/Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR). Results: 702 participants were randomized, out of which 627 completed the study (CP n = 313; Control n = 314). Results of immunity (episodes of infections or allergy related conditions) showed more than 2 times protection from immunity related illness in CP Group as compared to the control. CP also showed better percentage improvement in energy levels, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life assessed through KIDSCREEN QOL-27 questionnaires in children. Conclusion: Regular consumption of CP for a period of six months could significantly improve immunity, energy levels, physical fitness, strength, stamina and quality of life in school going healthy children. Study Registration: Clinical Trail Registry of India vide CTRI/2015/02/005574, Dated 24 February 2015.

Objective Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces skin photoaging (premature skin aging). UV irradiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are shown to play a pivotal role in skin photoaging. Ayurveda is a holistic traditional medical system, and Chyawanprash is one of the most popular formulations in Ayurveda. Since maintenance of the function and appearance of skin is important, we examined whether Chyawanprash has a protective effect on skin photoaging. Methods To examine the effect of Chyawanprash on skin photoaging, hairless mice were administered with Chyawanprash in drinking water for 3 weeks, and then repeatedly exposed to ultraviolet light B (UVB) irradiation (225 or 450 mJ/cm2) to induce skin photoaging. To further examine the function of Chyawanprash, its effects were examined in cells cultured in vitro. Chyawanprash was added in culture medium, and examined for the effect on the growth of human keratinocytes, and for the ability to eliminate ROS which generated by paraquat (50 μmol/L) in HeLa cells. Results UVB irradiation caused symptoms such as rough skin, erythema, and edema on the skin in hairless mice, but administration of Chyawanprash relieved these symptoms. Further, Chyawanprash significantly suppressed epidermal thickening, a typical marker of skin photoaging, in mice. We then analyzed the effect of Chyawanprash in human cells in culture, and found that Chyawanprash enhanced the growth of human keratinocytes, and efficiently eliminated ROS, which are causally involved in skin photoaging, in HeLa cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that Chyawanprash may have beneficial effects on slowing skin photoaging.

Background: Chyawanprash is a classical Ayurveda polyherbal formulation that has proven immunomodulatory potential. Aim: The present clinical study was conducted to evaluate Chyawanprash for prophylaxis of COVID-19 infection. Materials & Methods: It was an Open-label, Multicentric, Randomized, Comparative, Prospective, and Interventional Community-based Clinical Study. The study was conducted at five sites across Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan between May 2020 and November 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 771 subjects were screened in the study; of whom, 721 subjects were randomized into two groups. Subjects in the DCP group who fell into the category of 13 years to 70 years were given Chyawanprash as a study intervention to be taken in a dose of one teaspoonful (approx. 12g) twice daily and children aged 5 to 12 years were given ½ teaspoonful (approx. 6g) twice daily followed by a cup of milk (approx. 200mL). Subjects in the control group were advised to consume one cup of milk (approx. 200mL) twice daily. The incidence of COVID-19 was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/antigen testing, which was conducted as per applicable guidelines and the severity of infection was assessed by using the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale. The incidence and severity of non-COVID-19 infections was also assessed during the intervention period of 90 days. Results: Overall, 696 subjects completed the study, of whom 351 subjects were in the Chyawanprash (DCP) group and 345 were in the control group. In the DCP group, out of the 351 subjects who had completed the study, 42 were tested with RT-PCR/antigen and one subject was found to be positive for COVID-19. In the control group, out of the 345 subjects, 28 were tested with RT-PCR/Antigen and eight subjects were found to be positive for COVD-19. In the DCP group, the incidence was statistically significant lesser as compared with the control group. A total of 43 subjects in the control group and 41 subjects in the DCP group had symptoms of Influenza Like Illness (ILI). The DCP group also showed a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study suggests and supports the prophylaxis potential of Chyawanprash as one of the preventive remedies for COVID-19 as recommended by the AYUSH fraternity. The beneficial effects may be due to the synergistic effects of the potent herbs that are known to have immune-boosting effects in healthy individuals.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Chyawanprash in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care personnel working at COVID-19 isolation ward. Setting: A hospital designated as COVID-19 care centre in Delhi, India Participants: Apparently healthy health care workers (HCWs) of age 20 to 60 years who were RT PCR negative and asymptomatic but possibly had exposure to active cases of COVID- 19, with or without co-morbid conditions were included. Pregnant and lactating females, volunteers with malignancy, uncontrolled blood sugar, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, hematological disorders, and those on immunosuppressants were excluded from the study. Interventions: Chyawanprash, an Ayurvedic rasayana medicine 12 gm orally with warm water twice daily for 30 days along with standard preventive measures adopted by the institute. Primary Outcome: Incidence of COVID-19 infection confirmed by RT-PCR test. Secondary Outcomes: Evaluation of safety of the study drug through hematological & biochemical investigations and occurrence of any adverse drug reaction or adverse events; number of participants developing any other bacterial, viral or fungal infection during the study period and changes in inflammatory and immune markers. Results: At the end of study period, out of total 50 participants enrolled, two were COVID -19 positive. Incidence rate in similar population in the same study setting prior to commencing (9.71%) and after completing the study period (1.79%) was compared with incidence of COVID-19 during treatment period (1.09%). So, Chyawanprash showed protection rate of 98.91%. It was well tolerated by all the study participants, when administered for 30 days. Conclusions: The infection rate at the hospital dropped significantly following administration of Chyawanprash. As Chyawanprash shows potential of a prophylactic agent against infection by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and is safe when used in the recommended daily dosage, a randomized controlled trial to prove its prophylactic efficacy can be designed on larger sample size.

Background: In India, Ayurveda is a commonly practiced form of complementary and alternative medicine. Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to gauge perceptions of allopathic doctors toward Ayurvedic medicine including their potential drug interaction with conventional pharmacotherapy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the physicians practicing in New Delhi. The participants were included if they satisfy both the criteria: (1) MBBS as minimum qualification and (2) member of All India General Practitioner’s Association, Delhi chapter. The questionnaire included questions related to expertise of the physician, duration of clinical practice, and explored the perceptions of the physicians on potential adverse drug reactions (ADR) and drug interactions of Ayurvedic/herbal formulations. The questionnaire was made available through Google Forms online platform link of which was shared with participants through Email/WhatsApp. A time frame of 14 days was offered to the participants to respond. Results: A total of 87 among 214 physicians (40.65%) responded to the questionnaire-based survey. Majority (49/87, [56.32%]) had more than 10 years of clinical practice. Thirty-seven physicians (42.53%) admitted they enquire about medication history of the patient. Among them, only 17 physicians (17/87, [19.54%]) consider herbal/Ayurvedic formulations taken by the patients. As per their observation, Chyawanprash was the most common product used by the patients (13/17, [76.48%]) followed by Amla juice (8/17, [47.05%]), Triphala Churna (7/17, [41.18%]), and Aswagandhi (3/17, [17.64%]). Among 17 physicians who considered Ayurvedic medication history, six reported suspected ADR with Ayurvedic formulations and three reported potential drug interactions between Ayurvedic formulations and allopathic medicines, namely, loss of seizure control and analgesic effect, excessive bleeding. Conclusion: The present study revealed that experienced allopathic practitioners do consider adverse reaction of allopathic medication but sometimes overlook the concomitant use of Ayurvedic or herbal formulations in the Indian population. There is a need of initiatives to foster awareness among physicians about soliciting Ayurvedic medication history from their patients.

Received: 16 May 2016 Accepted: 29 Jun 2016 Some medicinal plants are known to contain natural mutagenic and antimutagenic substances. Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic preparation most widely used as general tonic or health supplement. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of Chyawanprash using Salmonella mutagenicity test. Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1537, TA1538, TA100 and TA102 were used for mutagenicity testing. Antimutagenicity study was carried out in tester strains TA1538 and TA100 against various standard mutagens with and without metabolic activation. Chyawanprash was found to be non-mutagenic, whereas exhibited anti-mutagenic potential in this assay as it inhibited the mutagenicity induced by a direct mutagen 4-nitro-ophenylenediamine and indirect mutagens such as 2-Aminofluorene, 2-Anthramine, Benzo(a)pyrene and Cigarette Smoke Condensate. The antimutagenic activity was more potent in the presence of metabolic activation than without the same. The exact mechanism of antimutagenic potential of Chyawanprash is not known. The enhanced anti-mutagenic activity of Chyawanprash on pre-incubation indicates the antimutagenic factor(s) may be desmutagenic in nature. The possibility of having diverse antimutagenic factor(s) in Chyawanprash which act by different mechanisms is strongly indicated. Chyawanprash by having antimutagenic potential may play an important role in neutralization of various dietary mutagens and acts as a prophylactic agent against human ill health attributable to mutation. Further study in this aspect using some other in vivo and in vitro tests is warranted before any final conclusion.

Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn. (Apocynaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant species widely used to treat various ailments such as tuberculosis, hematopoiesis, emaciation, cough, dyspnea, fever, burning sensation, night blindness, cancer, and dysentery. In Ayurveda, it is known for its revitalizing, rejuvenating, and lactogenic properties. This plant is one of the major ingredients in many commercial herbal formulations, including Speman, Envirocare, Calshakti, Antisept, and Chyawanprash. The therapeutic potential of this herb is because of the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, ferulic acid, luteolin, diosmetin, rutin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hentricontanol, a triterpene alcohol simiarenol, apigenin, reticulin, deniculatin, and leptaculatin. However, most biological studies on L. reticulata are restricted to crude extracts, and many biologically active compounds are yet to be identified in order to base the traditional uses of L. reticulata on evidence-based data. At present, L. reticulata is a threatened endangered plant because of overexploitation, unscientific harvesting, and habitat loss. The increased demand from pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and veterinary industries has prompted its large-scale propagation. However, its commercial cultivation is hampered because of the non-availability of genuine planting material and the lack of knowledge about its agronomical practices. In this regard, micropropagation techniques will be useful to obtain true-to-type L. reticulata planting materials from an elite germplasm to meet the current demand. Adopting other biotechnological approaches such as synthetic seed technology, cryopreservation, cell culture, and genetic transformation can help conservation as well as increased metabolite production from L. reticulata. The present review summarizes scientific information on the botanical, agronomical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and biotechnological aspects of L. reticulata. This comprehensive information will certainly allow better utilization of this industrially important herb towards the discovery of lead drug molecules.

Background. Chyawanprash awaleha (Cp) is an Ayurvedic rasayana formulation and is used as a genoprotective agent. Objective. The present cytogenetic study has been done to investigate the efficacy of Cp against betel quid chewers suffering from oral precancerous lesions through satellite association (SA) assay. Materials and Methods. The frequency of SA was analyzed in 21 betel quid chewing oral precancerous lesions patients and then they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients, advised to quit betel quid chewing and fed with 20 gms of Cp, twice a day for three months. Group 2 consisted of 6 patients, who refused Cp feed but accepted to quit betel quid chewing. At the end of three months, both groups were assessed cytogenetically. Results. The frequency of SA was statistically significant in both groups, but an elevated mean difference was observed more in Group 1 than in Group 2. Conclusion. The study indicates that betel quid cessation reduces the effect of DNA damage in oral precancerous lesions. But the increased mean difference in SA in Group 1 compared to Group 2 clearly indicates that Cp can further minimize the genotoxic effect caused by mutagenic agents present in betel quid.

Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation used in India since ages for its medicinal and nutritional value. In Ayurveda, chyawanprash is classified under the category of Rasayana, which is useful for general wellbeing, vitality and help in delaying ageing process.. Though, there are few studies available on the usefulness of chyawanprash in the cognitive functions however, studies on management of dementia in human beings are still inadequate. In the light of this, the present study was undertaken to explore the memory boosting potential of chyawanprash. 128 healthy college students (75 females and 53 males) were recruited from the students of various courses conducted in Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Chyawanprash was given orally in a dose of one teaspoon full (appox. 15 g) twice a day for 150 successive days to the subjects in the test group. On the basis of the study it may be concluded that chyawanprash is helpful in improving of cognition i.e. alertness, attention and concentration; well being and the academic performance for college students. Therefore, regular use of chyawanprash has a potential to build up academic performance of students.

Chyawanprash is an ancient Indian dietary supplement mainly containing vitamin C (34 mg/100 g) derived from amla (Indian gooseberry) (Emblica officinalis). It is a proven energizer, immunity booster and pre-emptive tonic with multiple health benefits. Since oxidative stress is the cause or the consequence of multiple patho-physiologies, we first wanted to establish the effects of chyawanprash on the antioxidant status. The overlapping chemical composition and recommended uses of vitamin C - one of the most effective dietary antioxidant and chyawanprash – the most popular ancient nutritional supplement used even today made us to compare the both. Our objectives were 1. to study the effects of chyawanprash and vitamin C on antioxidant enzymes and serum immunoglobulin, 2. to compare the effects of chyawanprash and vitamin C on the antioxidant enzymes and serum immunoglobulin G. Twelve healthy adult males were divided randomly into two groups of six subjects each. Group 1 received vitamin C (500 mg/d) and group 2 received chyawanprash (15 g/d) explanation next pg for eight weeks. At the start and end of the dietary period erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured. Significant increase in the erythrocyte SOD activity from 1.41+/-0.16×103 to 1.77+/-0.29×103 U/gmHb in group 2 but not in group 1. In both the groups there was a significant decrease in serum IgG levels with the values still with in the normal range. This enhancement of antioxidant status at a level better than vitamin C gives us a platform for starting to understand the mechanism for chyawanprash related multiple health benefits. The decrease in serum IgG levels might be beneficial. It is hypothesized to be due to improvement in the entrapment of antigens by the liver, or gut associated lymphoid tissue brought by both the supplements, giving us idea for future studies.

Ayurveda, the oldest Indian system of medicine, recommends the administration of a specified group of for - mulations known as Rasayana for preventing occurrence of diseases. Ayurvedic scholars like Caraka (500 BC) have mentioned that, the use of Rasayana would impart a long, healthy and a disease free life while promoting intelligence, memory and lustre. Chyawanprash (CP) is a well-known Ayurvedic Rasayana formulation and studies have indicated that they act as immunomodulators. In review part - 1, experimental studies (in vivo and in vitro), conducted by Dabur Research and Development Centre in evaluating the immunity benefits of Dabur Chyawanprash were reviewed. In the present review, Clinical Studies on Dabur Chyawanprash in establishing its beneficial effects on immunity have been reviewed. The criteria of assessment in the clinical studies was based on clinical symptoms, IgE, IgG, C3, C4, respiratory performance test, plasma cortisol levels and haematological parameters.

Oroxylum indicum Vent. (Family-Bignoniaceae) syn: Sonapatha & Shyonaka is generally found in sub Himalayan region of India, which yet to be fully explored in terms of medicinal plants. It posses anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antihepatotoxic, anticancer, immunomodulator, gastroprotective properties as earlier reported in the literature and hence is an active ingredient of several Ayurvedic formulations like Chyawanprash and Dashmoolarishth etc. It is one of the important ‘Rasayana’ drugs mentioned in ayurveda. Preliminary phamacognostic studies were carried out on the bark including morphological, microscopical, physicochemical studies alongwith phytochemical screening. The protocol followed for elucidating physicochemical properties were as per WHO guidelines. The successive extraction of plant bark was undertaken by using various solvents of increasing polarity and the extracts thus obtained were subjected for phytochemical analysis, followed by thin layer chromatographic examination by optimizing the solvent systems. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds mainly. These preliminary data may be helpful in developing the standardization parameters of Oroxylum indicum bark.

The paper discusses the many forms and representations of cyavanaprāsh, Ayurveda's best-selling medicine, already mentioned in Caraka's Compendium (c. 200 CE). The medicine's compositions, applications, and meanings, change over time and from locality to locality. Cyavanaprāsh is, for example, a patriotic formula, a booster of the immune system, a modern geriatric drug, and one of the elements in canonical Ayurvedic treatments. In the beginning of the 19th century cyavanaprāsh was a patriotic formula for fortifying Indian bodies and the nascent Indian nation. Nowadays the medicine is a Fast Moving Consumer Good (FMCG) and a money maker for Dabur India Ltd., the world largest Ayurvedic manufacturer. Instead of vitalising the nation its consumption now promises to make urban middle class consumers effectively modern. Branding and modern science must make Dabur Chyawanprash attractive in the eyes of these consumers. Ayurveda and cyavanaprāsh are also part of a global counter culture marked by neo-Orientalism and Ayurvedic medicines as facilitators of spirituality. The marketing of cyavanaprāsh by India's largest Ayurvedic manufacturer is used as a case study for discussing the proliferation of Ayurvedic brands and its critics. The imaging of Ayurvedic brands such as Dabur Chyawanprash threatens to obscure the fact that Ayurveda represents a unique way of looking upon health, disease and the human body. The proliferation of brands also makes Ayurvedic medicines more expensive and puts pressure on the natural environment as the main supplier of Ayurvedic ingredients.

Genoprotective efficacy of Chyawanprash awaleha(Dabur) was investigated against tobacco smoke on the somatic chromosomes of 25 male bidi smokers. 25 individuals matched with regard to age, sex and ...

Aging, a physiological state in which there is a progressive decline in organ functions, delay in regeneration, and development of age-related diseases, is a multifactorial process. Free radicals are proposed to initiate/enhance aging, and antioxidants and phytochemicals have been shown to possess anti-aging properties. These drugs are also believed to be good tonics, rejuvenatives, immune stimulators, and adaptogens. Regular consumption of these drugs is considered to enhance physical strength, increase sex drive, and improve the complexion. They are mostly polyherbal in composition, and are comprised of medicinal plants, minerals, pearls, and coral. This chapter addresses, for the first time, the benefit and scientifically validated properties of commonly used Rasayana drugs such as Amalakayas Rasayana, Triphala, Chyawanprash, Aamalaki Rasayana, Amrita Rasayana, Brahm Rasayana, Ashwagandha Rasayana, Narasimha Rasayana, Brahmi Rasayana Amritaprasham, Anwala churna, and Amalkadi Ghrita with emphasis on the possible mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of these drugs.

Aging, a physiological state in which there is a progressive decline in organ functions, delay in regeneration, and development of age-related diseases, is a multifactorial process. Free radicals are supposed to initiate/enhance aging and the use of antioxidants and phytochemicals are shown to possess antiaging properties. These drugs are also supposed to be good tonics, rejuvenatives, immune stimulators, and adaptogens. Regular consumption of these drugs is supposed to enhance physical strength, increase sex drive, and improve complexion. These drugs are mostly polyherbal in composition and are made from medicinal plants, minerals, pearls, and coral. The present review addresses the health benefit of some commonly used Rasayana drugs like Triphala, Chyawanprash, Amalaki Rasayana, Amrit Rasayana, Brahma Rasayana, Ashwagandha Rasayana, Narasimha Rasayana, Brahmi Rasayana, Amritaprasham, Anwala churna, and Amalkadi Ghrita with emphasis on the possible mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of these drugs.

Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation which is used traditionally to increase vitality, vigor and for delaying the aging process. The present study sought to explore the beneficial effects of chyawanprash on cognitive function of aged mice. In the present study, chyawanprash (CHY) was administered orally in two concentrations (1 and 2% w/w of the diet) for 15 successive days to 17 different groups of young (8 groups) and aged (9 groups) mice. After 15 days of chyawanprash administration, the memory of the animals was assessed using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), the levels of brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also estimated. The administration of chyawanprash (1 and 2% w/w) for 15 consecutive days significantly improved the memory of aged mice when compared to young mice. This Ayurvedic formulation decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in aged mice, consequently leading to increased cholinergic transmission. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in brain TBARS and increase in GSH levels of aged animals after chyawanprash administration, thereby indicating decreased free radical generation and increased scavenging of free radicals respectively. Chyawanprash may be looked upon as a useful memory enhancer in aged animals by virtue of its antioxidant effect, pro-cholinergic action, improved learning ability, and increased retention capacity.

Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of chloroform (CHCl 3 ) extracts of chyawanprash (Dabur India Ltd., Uttar Pradesh, India) and hydrolyzed chyawanprash against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on nutrient agar media using cup plate method. Materials and Methods: CHCl 3 extracts of chyawanprash were prepared directly as well as by previously hydrolyzing with dilute HCl. Three test groups of 10, 20, and 50 mg/ml were prepared for each CHCl 3 extract, whereas ampicillin 20 mg/ml was used as standard group. Further, six agar plates were prepared for each group, i.e., three for E. coli and three for S. aureus . Cups were bored on each plate with the help of steel cup borer and cups on each plate were marked for identification. Extracts of different concentrations (i.e., 10, 20, and 50 mg/ml) were poured into cups and all plates were then incubated at 37°C for 48 h. After incubation, plates were observed for bacterial growth and zone of inhibition were measured. Results: Results showed that both CHCl 3 as well as hydrolyzed CHCl 3 extract of chyawanprash showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity. The largest zone of inhibition was observed at the concentration of 50 mg/ml of both CHCl 3 extracts of chyawanprash (12.7 ± 1.5 mm for E. coli and 15.0 ± 1.0 mm for S. aureus ) and hydrolyzed chyawanprash (14.3 ± 0.6 mm for E. coli and 16.3 ± 0.6 mm for S. aureus ). Conclusion: Chyawanprash possesses promising potential for use as an antimicrobial agent.