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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder with an imminent risk of blindness, in cases where early diagnosis and treatment are not performed. The doctors' constant motivation to give these fragile beings a chance at life with optimal visual acuity has never stopped, since Terry first described this condition. Thus, throughout time, several specific advancements have been made in the management of ROP. Apart from the most known risk factors, this narrative review brings to light the latest research about new potential risk factors, such as: proteinuria, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and blood transfusions. Digital imaging has revolutionized the management of retinal pathologies, and it is more and more used in identifying and staging ROP, particularly in the disadvantaged regions by the means of telescreening. Moreover, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and automated diagnostic tools based on deep learning offer new perspectives on the ROP diagnosis. The new therapeutical trend based on the use of anti-VEGF agents is increasingly used in the treatment of ROP patients, and recent research sustains the theory according to which these agents do not interfere with the neurodevelopment of premature babies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), also known as Hodgkin's disease, is a neoplasia of the lymphoid tissue with a variable evolution, and a much-improved prognosis under the conditions of modern treatment. The histological characteristic of the disease is represented by multinucleated giant cells, Reed-Sternberg, located in an environment of inflammatory cells, namely small lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells and fibroblasts. The tumor cells specific to the majority of Hodgkin's lymphoma cases (approximately 98%) are formed from the germinal center of B cells that are not capable of synthesizing immunoglobulins. Current treatment programs use therapy based on individual risk factors and response to treatment, in which patients are treated with multiple chemotherapy agents with or without low-dose loco-regional radiotherapy. The prognostic factors used in determining the intensity of chemotherapy are represented by the stage of the disease, the presence or absence of B symptoms (fever, weight loss, sweating), as well as the presence of bulky tumor masses. The treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the success stories of modern medicine. Hodgkin's disease is among the curable forms of childhood cancer, with a 5-year survival rate that can reach a percentage of 98%. [1] In this paper, we followed the evolution of 76 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, hospitalized at the Fundeni Clinical Institute, between January 2005 and December 2015. These patients were diagnosed and treated according to current diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. A large part of the patients in the low-risk group showed a favorable response to the administration of the ABVD chemotherapy regimen, and the majority of patients in the intermediate and high-risk groups received combined chemotherapy regimens, with or without loco-regional radiotherapy, having a positive response to this therapeutic strategy. Retrospectively collected data were obtained from the analysis of patient observation sheets. These data include quantitative and qualitative variables. These represent the factors that influence or determine the development directions of each of the stages of the study. Quantitative variables are discrete (integer) or continuous (any value) - age, date of admission, number of leukocytes at diagnosis, number of various chemotherapy courses used in the treatment, period of follow-up of the effectiveness of the therapy (days, weeks, months, years), etc. Qualitative variables are ordinal or nominal - sex, environment of origin, presence or absence of general symptoms at diagnosis, histopathological diagnosis, response to treatment, complications, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because clinical studies on diagnosis, management, prevention, and many other aspects of pregnancy and breastfeeding during COVID-19 have improved significantly since the beginning of the pandemic, a substantial amount of prior knowledge has changed, and previous publications may no longer be applicable. In addition, to reduce maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the event of future pandemics, vaccination recommendations in pregnancy must be made early. This review of the literature seeks to offer a comprehensive update on the mutual effects of pregnancy and COVID-19 infection, debate current issues based on the most recent discoveries, and identify existing knowledge gaps. Emerging studies indicate significant risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and the risk of birth malformations. Vaccination against COVID-19 is advised for women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant, breastfeeding, or who may become pregnant in the future. Vaccination during pregnancy is associated with the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to the fetus. Additional clinical trials should investigate long-term consequences, results, the safety of vaccinations, and the influence of the pandemic on the health of pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aim to identify the main agents and biologicals within the pediatric population hospitalized in the Emergency Clinical Hospital for children, "Sfântul Ioan", Galati. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted a retrospective study on a group of 102 pediatric patients admitted into our clinic, between January 2018 and November 2020, being a cohort type. Respiratory infections, especially opportunistic infections, are often seasonal. Especially increased in the cold months due to seasonal immune depression. The influenza virus H. influenzae is a pathogen with a higher prevalence in the winter months. In order to assess the susceptibility to infections, according to season and age the cross-frequency table and the chi-square test have been performed, and there is no statistically relevant dependence relationship between these variables. Of the 102 patients, 74.51% had a history of respiratory ailments. The most frequent conditions encountered in the antecedents, within this group, were an acute respiratory failure (29.4%) and pneumonia (33.3%). For our study group, in the case of the type of therapy used, a quasi-symmetrical distribution could be observed, where 49.02% of the subjects benefited from double or triple antibiotic therapy, while 50.98% benefited from mono antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, there are many efforts to reduce the incidence of road accidents. However, the number of patients hospitalized with polytrauma is still high, with approximately 5.8 million deaths associated with traumatic injuries annually. Among the young, active age population, trauma is the current domain and timing a major cause of severe illness. Therefor we aimed by this study to evaluate comparatively the incidence of polytraumas among young adult patients presented in the Emergency - department (information obtained from the archive of the Emergency Clinical Hospital Sfântul Apostol Andrei Galaţi - 129 young patients) and pediatric subjects from a group of 710 children. The data obtained following the anamnesis, the clinical and paraclinical examination of the patients, were entered into the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and Excel 2019, then sorted and filtered according to different criteria. In both groups, the incidence of male patients is statistically noticeable and also aspects regarding high frequency according to definite spring seasonality, and paraclinical, clinical, and sociodemographic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac arrhythmias in children and young are presented in a broad spectrum, given the large and varied number of known arrhythmias. The incidence of pre-excitation syndromes in children ranges from 1:250 to 1:1000 [11]. Our understanding of ventricular preexcitation began in 1921 when Wedd described an "intraventricular block and a PR interval of 0.08 ms." [1] Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) was first described in 1930 as a bundle-Branch Block with Short P-R Interval. Moreover, the delta wave Wolff et al. described the presence of the delta wave on the EKG for the first time [2]. Clinical manifestations in WPW are broad, ranging from recurring PSVT to SCD. The risk of developing the last condition in people with WPW syndrome is still unknown. However, multiple studies reveal that asymptomatic WPW has a low chance of SCD and a favorable prognosis [3-6]. Moreover, multiple studies present reasonable life expectancy in patients with WPW syndrome, even if they may present multiple episodes of PSVT [7-10]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma continues to be a major problem in the young, working-age population, so many societies have tried to improve polytrauma care methods. Over the last two decades, various systems have been published to facilitate the identification of treatment strategies for patients with multiple trauma. Safe and prompt individualized management (Prompt individualized safe management (PRISM)) is a new concept that includes the approach of each patient separately. The main objectives of this study were to highlight the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and paraclinical characteristics, and various risk factors of young adults with polytrauma. The study presented in this article was of a descriptive, retrospective type, including 1294 patients who presented themselves in the Emercency-department of the "Saint Andrei" County Emergency Hospital, Galaţi. The data obtained from the statistical reports of the hospital and the presentation sheets of the patients, have been statistically analyzed using SPSS and MS Excell. There for, we have been able to analyze and to obtain statistically relevant results for the distribution of polytrauma cases, seasonality and evolution aspects regarding the toracoabdominal traumas (87.5%) and craniofacial traumas (76.8%), which have been the most frequent forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Acute leukaemia is the most common type of cancer in the paediatric population and the myeloid form represents only 15 percent. In this paper we aim to emphasize the management difficulties of this pathology in pediatric patients. Prior Work Studies addressing the costs and burden of acute myeloid laeukemia (AML) in children are sparse in the international literature, due to the low incidence rate, high mortality and some rare clinical aspects, such as polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Hematologic tests usually can be relevant. Less common complications, that may require urgent intervention, include central nervous system involvement, hyperleukocytosis, and tumor lysis syndrome. There for, the total amount of resources used for the management of these patients represent an important burden for the medical systems all over the world. Approach In the current paper we present two clinical cases of paediatric patients diagnosed with AML, associated with leukostasis syndrome, neurologic impairment. ResultsIn both cases it was more cost effective to use a rational corroboration of basic diagnostic tools adapted to each clinical form. Due to the fulminant evolution of these patients towards a negative outcome, we focused the most effort and resources on intensive care treatment methods to prolong the survival rate of our patients. Implications Such atypical cases may represent a strenuous management challenge for pediatric medical professionals and financial health system responsible. Value Clinical presenting aspects described in these two cases are extremely rare in pediatrics and represent an effective way to improve medical practice and share a local clinical management experience and resources usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infective endocarditis is a diagnostic challenge with a variety of clinical forms, acute or subacute onset and severe complications by septic embolism or manifestations of immune response with production of antigenantibody complexes. We present a 63-year-old adult case, diagnosed with chronic renal failure, a month before admission to „Dr. Victor Babeş“ Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and transferred with suspicion of bacterial endocarditis on native valve. Diagnosis is confirmed by presence of two major Duke criteria: echocardiographic demonstrated valvular involvement, and identifi cation of the pathogen agent - Streptococcus mutans in blood cultures. After completing four weeks of antibiotic treatment, surgical intervention was required. Surgery has been performed, and prosthetic valve in mitral position was used. The patient returns to the clinic for antibiotic treatment (consolidation) for two weeks. After the patient has been discharged, he neglected cardiology treatment administration, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke and irreversible cardiopulmonary arrest. The specific feature of the case lies in the fact that kidney damage was the main onset event of subacute bacterial endocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]