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1. Performance and Low-Frequency Noise of 22-nm FDSOI Down to 4.2 K for Cryogenic Applications

Author

Tristan Meunier, Mikael Casse, Fred Gaillard, Silvano De Franceschi, Maud Vinet, Thorsten Kammler, Christoforos G. Theodorou, L. Pirro, Gerard Ghibaudo, Bruna Cardoso Paz, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), GLOBALFOUNDRIES, fab 1, and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, Infrasound, Transconductance, Silicon on insulator, Cryogenics, FDSOI MOSFET, low frequency noise, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Threshold voltage, Cryogenic applications, CMOS, Logic gate, 0103 physical sciences, MOSFET, Optoelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

International audience; This work presents the performance and low-frequency noise (LFN) of 22-nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology. The experimental measurements and the analysis are performed as a function of temperature for the first time, focusing on cryogenic applications, down to 4.2 K. The back bias impact on device performance is evaluated. The results reveal that the threshold voltage tuning is found to be temperature independent, allowing extra drain current improvement. This is particularly interesting for short channel devices, whose drain current gain with temperature lowering is expected to be smaller in comparison with long channel MOSFETs. LFN is characterized by means of time-domain current sampling measurements. Moderate and strong inversion regimes are investigated. The carrier number with correlated mobility fluctuations model can well describe the 1/f noise behavior down to 4.2 K. The physical origin behind the drain current noise-to-signal power augmentation with temperature lowering could be mainly attributed to the normalized transconductance improvement.

Published
2020
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2. Spin echo from erbium implanted silicon

Author

Matias Urdampilleta, J. David Carey, Naitik A. Panjwani, Kevin P. Homewood, Mark A. Hughes, Ben Murdin, University of Salford, University College of London [London] (UCL), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and University of Surrey (UNIS)

Subjects
Coherence time, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Silicon, Quantum information, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Integrated circuits, 02 engineering and technology, Telecommunications engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Erbium, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Diffusion (business), Spin (physics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik, Crystal structure, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Microwave frequencies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fourier analysis, Electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy, chemistry, Chemical elements, Spin echo, Hyperfine structure, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

Erbium implanted silicon as a quantum technology platform has both telecommunications and integrated circuit processing compatibility. In Si implanted with Er to a concentration of 3x10^17 cm^3 and O to a concentration of 10^20 cm^3, the electron spin coherence time, T2, and the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, were measured to be 7.5 ls and ~1 ms, respectively, at 5 K. The spin echo decay profile displayed strong modulation, which was consistent with the super-hyperfine interaction between Er3{\th} and a spin bath of 29Si nuclei. The calculated spectral diffusion time was similar to the measured T2, which indicated that T2 was limited by spectral diffusion due to T1-induced flips of neighboring Er3{\th} spins. The origin of the echo is an Er center surrounded by six O atoms with monoclinic C1h site symmetry., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.00225

Published
2022
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3. A reversed Kerr traveling wave parametric amplifier

Author

Ranadive, Arpit, Esposito, Martina, Planat, Luca, Bonet, Edgar, Naud, Cécile, Buisson, Olivier, Guichard, Wiebke, Roch, Nicolas, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]
Abstract

Traveling wave parametric amplification in a nonlinear medium provides broadband quantum-noise limited gain and is a remarkable resource for the detection of electromagnetic radiation. This nonlinearity is at the same time the key to the amplification phenomenon but also the cause of a fundamental limitation: poor phase matching between the signal and the pump. Here we solve this issue with a new phase matching mechanism based on the sign reversal of the Kerr nonlinearity. We present a novel traveling wave parametric amplifier composed of a chain of superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive elements (SNAILs) which allows this sign reversal when biased with the proper magnetic flux. Compared to previous state of the art phase matching approaches, this reversed Kerr phase matching mechanism avoids the presence of gaps in transmission, reduces gain ripples, and allows in situ tunability of the amplification band over an unprecedented wide range. Besides such notable advancements in the amplification performance, with direct applications to superconducting quantum computing, the in-situ tunability of the nonlinearity in traveling wave structures, with no counterpart in optics to the best of our knowledge, opens exciting experimental possibilities in the general framework of microwave quantum optics and single-photon detection.

Published
2021

4. Dispersively Probed Microwave Spectroscopy of a Silicon Hole Double Quantum Dot

Author

Romain Maurand, Yann-Michel Niquet, Louis Hutin, Xavier Jehl, Benoit Bertrand, Vincent P. Michal, Matias Urdampilleta, Marc Sanquer, Maud Vinet, R. Ezzouch, Tristan Meunier, A. Apra, Simon Zihlmann, Silvano De Franceschi, Jing Li, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), acknowledges support from an Early Postdoc.Mobility fellowship (P2BSP2_184387) from the Swiss National Science Foundation, ANR-18-CE47-0007,MAQSi,Modélisation des bits quantiques silicium(2018), ANR-17-CE24-0009,CMOSQSPIN,Calcul quantique à base de spins électroniques uniques dans une technologie silicium compatible CMOS(2017), European Project: 688539,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,MOS-QUITO(2016), European Project: 759388 ,LONGSPIN, European Project: 810504,QUCUBE, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Silicon, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Qubit, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Reflectometry, Spectroscopy, Electric dipole spin resonance, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin-½, Quantum computer
Abstract

International audience; Owing to ever increasing gate fidelities and to a potential transferability to industrial CMOS technology, silicon spin qubits have become a compelling option in the strive for quantum computation. In a scalable architecture, each spin qubit will have to be finely tuned and its operating conditions accurately determined. In view of this, spectroscopic tools compatible with a scalable device layout are of primary importance. Here we report a two-tone spectroscopy technique providing access to the spin-dependent energy-level spectrum of a hole double quantum dot defined in a split-gate silicon device. A first gigahertz-frequency tone drives electric dipole spin resonance enabled by the valence-band spin-orbit coupling. A second lower-frequency tone (approximately 500 MHz ) allows for dispersive readout via rf-gate reflectometry. We compare the measured dispersive response to the linear response calculated in an extended Jaynes-Cummings model and we obtain characteristic parameters such as g factors and tunnel and spin-orbit couplings for both even and odd occupation.

Published
2021
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5. A CMOS compatible platform for high impedance superconducting quantum circuits

Author

Amin, Kazi Rafsanjani, Ladner, Carine, Jourdan, Guillaume, Hentz, Sebastien, Roch, Nicolas, Renard, Julien, Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA)

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract

Aluminium based platforms have allowed to reach major milestones for superconducting quantum circuits. For the next generation of devices, materials that are able to maintain low microwave losses while providing new functionalities, such as large kinetic inductance or compatibility with CMOS platform are sought for. Here we report on a combined direct current (DC) and microwave investigation of titanium nitride lms of dierent thicknesses grown using CMOS compatible methods. For microwave resonators made of TiN lm of thickness $\sim$3 nm, we measured large kinetic inductance LK $\sim$ 240 pH/sq, high mode impedance of $\sim$ 4.2 k$\Omega$ while maintaining microwave quality factor $\sim$ 10^5 in the single photon limit. We present an in-depth study of the microwave loss mechanisms in these devices that indicates the importance of quasiparticles and provide insights for further improvement.

Published
2021

6. Coupling of Erbium-Implanted Silicon to a Superconducting Resonator

Author

J. David Carey, Nafsika Theodoropoulou, Tobias Lindström, Matias Urdampilleta, Ben Murdin, Naitik A. Panjwani, Mark A. Hughes, I. S. Wisby, Kevin P. Homewood, University of Salford, University College of London [London] (UCL), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), and University of Surrey (UNIS)

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, law.invention, Erbium, Resonator, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Erbium-implanted silicon is promising for both photonic and quantum-technology platforms, since it possesses both telecommunications and integrated-circuit processing compatibility. However, several different \ud Er\ud centers are generated during the implantation and annealing process, the presence of which could hinder the development of these applications. When \ud Si\ud is coimplanted with \ud 10\ud 17\ud cm\ud −\ud 3\ud \ud Er\ud and \ud 10\ud 20\ud cm\ud −\ud 3\ud \ud O\ud ions, and the appropriate annealing process is used, one of these centers, which is present at higher \ud Er\ud concentrations, can be eliminated. Characterization of samples with \ud Er\ud concentrations of

Published
2021
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7. Enhanced Spin Coherence while Displacing Electron in a Two-Dimensional Array of Quantum Dots

Author

Christopher Bäuerle, Vivien Thiney, Arne Ludwig, Tristan Meunier, Pierre-André Mortemousque, Emmanuel Chanrion, Matias Urdampilleta, Andreas D. Wieck, Baptiste Jadot, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum]

Subjects
Physics, Coherence time, Condensed matter physics, General Engineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Quantum dot, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], General Environmental Science, Spin-½, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; The ability to shuttle coherently individual electron spins in arrays of quantum dots is a key procedure for the development of scalable quantum information platforms. It allows the use of sparsely populated electron spin arrays, envisioned to efficiently tackle the one-and two-qubit gate challenges. When the electrons are displaced in an array, they are exposed to site-dependent environment interactions such as hyperfine coupling with substrate nuclear spins. Here, we demonstrate that the electron multidirectional displacement in a 3 × 3 array of tunnel-coupled quantum dots enhances the spin-coherence time via the motional narrowing phenomenon. More specifically, up to ten charge configurations are explored by the electrons to study the impact of the displacement on spin dynamics. An increase of the coherence time by a factor up to 10 is observed in the case of fast and repetitive displacement. A simple model quantitatively captures the physical mechanism underlying this enhancement of the spin-coherence time induced by displacement. The implications on spin-coherence properties during the electron displacement are discussed in the context of large-scale quantum circuits.

Published
2021
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8. Statistics of thermomagnetic breakdown in Nb superconducting films

Author

Jérémy Brisbois, Sorin Melinte, Roman B. G. Kramer, S. Blanco Alvarez, Alejandro Silhanek, Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials (Q-MAT, CESAM), Université de Liège, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Superconductivity, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, lcsh:R, Electrical breakdown, lcsh:Medicine, Dielectric, Lichtenberg figure, Thermomagnetic convection, Article, Magnetic flux, Magnetic field, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, Magnetic diffusivity, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Superconductors are well known for their ability to screen out magnetic fields. In type-II superconductors, as the magnetic field pressure is progressively increased, magnetic flux accumulates at the periphery of the sample, very much like charges accumulate in a capacitor when voltage is increased. As for capacitors, exceeding certain threshold field causes the blocked magnetic flux to abruptly penetrate into the sample. This phenomenon, triggered by a thermomagnetic instability, is somewhat analogous to the dielectric breakdown of the capacitor and leaves behind a similar Lichtenberg imprinting. Even though electrical breakdown threshold has been extensively studied in dielectrics, little information is known about the statistical distribution of the thermomagnetic breakdown in superconductors. In this work, we address this problem by performing magneto-optical imaging experiments on a Nb film where nanometric heating elements are used to rapidly erase the magnetic history of the sample. We demonstrate that the size and shape distributions of avalanches permits to unambiguously identify the transition between two regimes where either thermal diffusivity or magnetic diffusivity dominates. Clear criteria for discriminating athermal dynamic avalanches from thermally driven avalanches are introduced. This allows us to provide the first precise determination of the threshold field of the thermomagnetic breakdown and unveil the details of the transition from finger-like magnetic burst to dendritic branching morphology. These findings open a new avenue in the interdisciplinary exploration of catastrophic avalanches through non destructive repeatable experiments.

Published
2019
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9. A tunable Josephson platform to explore many-body quantum optics in circuit-QED

Author

Martinez, Javier Puertas, Leger, Sebastien, Gheeraert, Nicolas, Dassonneville, Remy, Planat, Luca, Foroughi, Farshad, Krupko, Yuriy, Buisson, Olivier, Naud, Cecile, Guichard, Wiebke, Florens, Serge, Snyman, Izak, Roch, Nicolas, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Théorie Quantique des Circuits (ThQC)

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Coupling an isolated emitter to a single mode of the electromagnetic field is now routinely achieved and well understood. Current efforts aim to explore the coherent dynamics of emitters coupled to several electromagnetic modes (EM). freedom. Recently, ultrastrong coupling to a transmission line has been achieved where the emitter resonance broadens to a significant fraction of its frequency. In this work we gain significantly improved control over this regime. We do so by combining the simplicity of a transmon qubit and a bespoke EM environment with a high density of discrete modes, hosted inside a superconducting metamaterial. This produces a unique device in which the hybridisation between the qubit and up to 10 environmental modes can be monitored directly. Moreover the frequency and broadening of the qubit resonance can be tuned independently of each other in situ. We experimentally demonstrate that our device combines this tunability with ultrastrong coupling and a qubit nonlinearity comparable to the other relevant energy scales in the system. We also develop a quantitative theoretical description that does not contain any phenomenological parameters and that accurately takes into account vacuum fluctuations of our large scale quantum circuit in the regime of ultrastrong coupling and intermediate non-linearity. The demonstration of this new platform combined with a quantitative modelling brings closer the prospect of experimentally studying many-body effects in quantum optics. A limitation of the current device is the intermediate nonlinearity of the qubit. Pushing it further will induce fully developed many-body effects, such as a giant Lamb shift or nonclassical states of multimode optical fields. Observing such effects would establish interesting links between quantum optics and the physics of quantum impurities., Main paper and Supplementary Information combined in one file. List of the modifications in the final version: new abstract and introduction, comparison to RWA treatment, more precise capacitance model

Published
2019
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10. Increasing the Hilbert space dimension using a single coupled molecular spin

Author

Biard, Hugo, Moreno-Pineda, Eufemio, Ruben, Mario, Bonet, Edgar, Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang, Balestro, Franck, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama, Institute of Nanotechnology [Karlsruhe] (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies ((IQMT)), Physikalisches Institut (PHI), Bonet Orozco, Edgar, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Physics, Molecular electronics, Science, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment, Qubits, Article, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]
Abstract

Quantum technologies are expected to introduce revolutionary changes in information processing in the near future. Nowadays, one of the main challenges is to be able to handle a large number of quantum bits (qubits), while preserving their quantum properties. Beyond the usual two-level encoding capacity of qubits, multi-level quantum systems are a promising way to extend and increase the amount of information that can be stored in the same number of quantum objects. Recent work (Kues et al. 2017), has shown the possibility to use devices based on photonic integrated circuits to entangle two qudits (with “d” being the number of available states). In the race to develop a mature quantum technology with real-world applications, many possible platforms are being investigated, including those that use photons, trapped ions, superconducting and silicon circuits and molecular magnets. In this work, we present the electronic read-out of a coupled molecular multi-level quantum systems, carried by a single Tb2Pc3 molecular magnet. Owning two magnetic centres, this molecular magnet architecture permits a 16 dimensions Hilbert space, opening the possibility of performing more complex quantum algorithms., Single-molecular magnets (SMM) are promising candidates for quantum technologies given the ease of repeatable manufacture and potential as qudits. Here, Biard et al succeed in electronically reading out a SMM containing two high-spin terbium atoms, allowing for a 16 dimensional Hilbert space.

Published
2021
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11. Ultrasensitive nano-optomechanical force sensor operated at dilution temperatures

Author

Benjamin Pigeau, Benjamin Besga, Antoine Reigue, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Eric Eyraud, Laure Mercier de Lépinay, O. Arcizet, Philip Heringlake, Clement Gouriou, Francesco Fogliano, Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ingénierie Expérimentale (ExpE), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA)

Subjects
Photon, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Science, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nanosensor, 0103 physical sciences, Silicon carbide, nano-optomechanics, Dilution refrigerator, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Nanophotonics and plasmonics, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Oscillation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, Photon counting, Nanosensors, chemistry, Optoelectronics, dilution refrigerator, force sensors, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Cooling down nanomechanical force probes is a generic strategy to enhance their sensitivities through the concomitant reduction of their thermal noise and mechanical damping rates. However, heat conduction becomes less efficient at low temperatures, which renders difficult to ensure and verify their proper thermalization. Here we implement optomechanical readout techniques operating in the photon counting regime to probe the dynamics of suspended silicon carbide nanowires in a dilution refrigerator. Readout of their vibrations is realized with sub-picowatt optical powers, in a situation where less than one photon is collected per oscillation period. We demonstrate their thermalization down to 32 ± 2 mK, reaching very large sensitivities for scanning probe force sensors, 40 zN Hz−1/2, with a sensitivity to lateral force field gradients in the fN m−1 range. This opens the road toward explorations of the mechanical and thermal conduction properties of nanoresonators at minimal excitation level, and to nanomechanical vectorial imaging of faint forces at dilution temperatures., Optical readout techniques for nanomechanical force probes usually generate more heat than what can be dissipated through the nanoresonators. Here, the authors use an interferometric readout scheme, achieving large force sensitivity using suspended silicon carbide nanowires at dilution temperatures.

Published
2021
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12. Molecular Magnetism

Author

Taran, Gheorghe, Bonet, Edgar, Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang, Physikalisches Institut [Karlsruhe] (PHI), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Coey, M., and Parkin, S.

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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13. Distant spin entanglement via fast and coherent electron shuttling

Author

Tristan Meunier, Andreas D. Wieck, Baptiste Jadot, Pierre-André Mortemousque, Arne Ludwig, Matias Urdampilleta, Christopher Bäuerle, Vivien Thiney, Emmanuel Chanrion, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum]

Subjects
Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Quantum entanglement, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spin (physics), Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum computer, Physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Quantum Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Quantum dot, Qubit, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In the quest for large-scale quantum computing, networked quantum computers offer a natural path towards scalability. Now that nearest neighbor entanglement has been demonstrated for electron spin qubits in semiconductors, on-chip long distance entanglement brings versatility to connect quantum core units. Here we realize the controlled and coherent transfer of a pair of entangled electron spins, and demonstrate their remote entanglement when separated by a distance of 6 microns. Driven by coherent spin rotations induced by the electron displacement, high-contrast spin quantum interferences are observed and are a signature of the preservation of the entanglement all along the displacement procedure. This work opens the route towards fast on-chip deterministic interconnection of remote quantum bits in semiconductor quantum circuits., Comment: Main text of 7 pages with 4 figures. Supplementary information of 4 pages with 3 figures

Published
2021
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14. Remotely Pumped GHz Antibunched Emission from Single Exciton Centers in GaAs

Author

Shintaro Takada, Paulo V. Santos, Klaus Biermann, Mingyun Yuan, Christopher Bäuerle, Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Photon, Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum information science, Quantum well, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Acoustic wave, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics, Biotechnology
Abstract

Quantum communication networks require on-chip transfer and manipulation of single particles as well as their interconversion to single photons for long-range information exchange. Flying excitons propelled by GHz surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are outstanding messengers to fulfill these requirements. Here, we demonstrate the acoustic manipulation of single exciton centers consisting of individual excitons bound to shallow impurities centers embedded in a semiconductor quantum well. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies show that the emission intensity and energy from these centers oscillate at the SAW frequency of 3.5 GHz. Furthermore, these centers can be remotely pumped via acoustic transport of flying excitons along a quantum well channel over several microns. Time correlation studies reveal that the centers emit anti-bunched light, thus acting as single-photon sources operating at GHz frequencies. Our results pave the way for the exciton-based on-demand manipulation and on-chip transfer of single excitons at microwave frequencies with a natural photonic interface., Main text: 20 pages, 5 figures. Supporting Information: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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15. Coherent control of individual electron spins in a two-dimensional quantum dot array

Author

Arne Ludwig, Baptiste Jadot, Pierre-André Mortemousque, Matias Urdampilleta, Hanno Flentje, Christopher Bäuerle, Tristan Meunier, Andreas D. Wieck, Emmanuel Chanrion, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum]

Subjects
Physics, Spins, Biomedical Engineering, Quantum simulator, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Coherent control, Quantum dot, Quantum mechanics, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum information, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin-½
Abstract

The coherent manipulation of individual quantum objects organized in arrays is a prerequisite to any scalable quantum information platform. The cumulated efforts to control electron spins in quantum dot arrays have permitted the recent realization of quantum simulators and multielectron spin-coherent manipulations. Although a natural path to resolve complex quantum-matter problems and to process quantum information, two-dimensional (2D) scaling with a high connectivity of such implementations remains undemonstrated. Here we demonstrate the 2D coherent control of individual electron spins in a 3 × 3 array of tunnel-coupled quantum dots. We focus on several key quantum functionalities: charge-deterministic loading and displacement, local spin readout and local coherent exchange manipulation between two electron spins trapped in adjacent dots. This work lays some of the foundations to exploit a 2D array of electron spins for quantum simulation and information processing. Manipulation of multiple connected quantum objects is mandatory for any scalable quantum information platform. Based on finely tuned virtual gate control, the integration of nearest-neighbour coupled semiconductor quantum dots in a 3 × 3 array enables 2D coherent spin control.

Published
2021
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16. Statistical and electrical modeling of FDSOI four-gate qubit MOS devices at room temperature

Author

Bruna Cardoso Paz, T. Bedecarrats, Silvano De Franceschi, Fred Gaillard, Mikael Casse, Tadeu Mota Frutuoso, A. Apra, Edoardo Catapano, Gerard Ghibaudo, Tristan Meunier, Maud Vinet, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
electrical characterization, Lambert function modeling, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Y-function, symbols.namesake, law, Lambert W function, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Figure of merit, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 010302 applied physics, Physics, Series (mathematics), Channel length modulation, multi-gate FD-SOI nanowire, Transistor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, TK1-9971, FDSOI CMOS qubits, Qubit, Logic gate, symbols, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, 0210 nano-technology, mismatch, Biotechnology, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents an electrical characterization and a compact modeling of FD-SOI fourgate qubit MOS devices, carried out at room temperature and in linear regime. The main figures ofmerit are extracted from average drain current curves using Y – function method. Poisson solver-based simulations are performed to interpret the experimental data, in particular the influence among gates and the effective channel length modulation. Furthermore, a drain current matching analysis between gates is conducted, and the main variability parameters are extracted. Our results, despite the unconventional device engineering, show a variability performance comparable to the state-of-the-art 28nm FD-SOI technology. Finally, a Lambert function based model is developed to validate both the electrical and statistical characterization. It is assumed, according to the experimental data, that the four gate device can be modeled as the series of four identical and independent transistors. Including the contribution of source and drain access resistance it has been possible to reproduce the device behavior at high external gates voltages.

Published
2021
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17. Thermalization of nuclear spins in lanthanide molecular magnets

Author

Taran, Gheorghe, Bonet, Edgar, Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang, Physikalisches Institut [Karlsruhe] (PHI), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Single molecule magnets distinguish themselves in the field of quantum magnetism through the ability to combine fundamental research with promising applications, the evolution of quantum spintronics in the last decade exemplifying the potential held by molecular based quantum devices. Notably, the read-out and manipulation of the embedded nuclear spin states was used in proof of principle studies of quantum computation at the single molecule level. In this paper we study the relaxation dynamics of the $^{159}$Tb nuclear spins in a diluted molecular crystal by using recently acquired understanding of the nonadiabatic dynamics of TbPc$_2$ molecules. We find that phonon modulated hyperfine interaction opens a direct relaxation channel between the nuclear spins and the phonon bath. We highlight the potential importance of the discovered mechanism for the theory of spin bath and the relaxation dynamics of the molecular spins at crossover temperatures., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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18. Cryogenic Operation of Thin-Film FDSOI nMOS Transistors: The Effect of Back Bias on Drain Current and Transconductance

Author

Maud Vinet, Mikael Casse, B. Cardoso Paz, S. De Franceschi, Thierry Poiroux, Sylvain Barraud, Tristan Meunier, F. Gaillard, Gerard Ghibaudo, Laboratoire d'électronique et des technologies de l'Information [Sfax] (LETI), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) DRMFC (CEA GRENOBLE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Transconductance, Transistor, Silicon on insulator, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry, law, Logic gate, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, NMOS logic, AND gate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Voltage
Abstract

In this article, we have studied the drain current and transconductance of nMOS fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) transistors operating at low temperature (typically < 20 K) when back gate is forward biased. Humps appear in the current, leading to oscillations of the transconductance with gate voltage, owing to mobility discontinuity due to intersubband scattering, in relation with the 2-D subband structure. The conditions for which these specific features appear in thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices have been analyzed, by varying the temperature, drain voltage, silicon channel thickness, and gate length.

Published
2020
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19. Highly Ordered Boron Nitride/Epigraphene Epitaxial Films on Silicon Carbide by Lateral Epitaxial Deposition

Author

Gilles Patriarche, Yue Hu, Xin Li, Jean-Sébastien Mérot, Walt A. de Heer, Suresh Sundaram, Vladimir Prudkovskiy, Yiran Hu, Dogukan Deniz, Claire Berger, Bokwon Yoon, Uzi Landman, Frédéric Fossard, Jean-Philippe Turmaud, James Gigliotti, Abdallah Ougazzaden, Annick Loiseau, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LEM, UMR 104, CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay (Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures), ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DMAS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Georgia Insitute of Technology (ECE GeorgiaTech), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, MOVPE, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, silicon carbide, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Silicon carbide, General Materials Science, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Deposition (law), [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Graphene, ab initio calculations, epitaxial growth, graphene, General Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, boron nitride, Nanoelectronics, chemistry, Boron nitride, Optoelectronics, van der Waals heterostructures, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The realization of high-performance nanoelectronics requires control of materials at the nanoscale. Methods to produce high quality epitaxial graphene (EG) nanostructures on silicon carbide are known. The next step is to grow van der Waals semiconductors on top of EG nanostructures. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a honeycomb lattice structure that matches that of graphene, making it ideally suited for graphene-based nanoelectronics. Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of multilayer h-BN grown epitaxially on EG using a migration-enhanced metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy process. As a result of the lateral epitaxial deposition (LED) mechanism, the grown h-BN/EG heterostructures have highly ordered epitaxial interfaces, as desired in order to preserve the transport properties of pristine graphene. Atomic scale structural and energetic details of the observed row-by-row growth mechanism of the two-dimensional (2D) epitaxial h-BN film are analyzed through first-principles simulations, demonstrating one-dimensional nucleation-free-energy-barrierless growth. This industrially relevant LED process can be applied to a wide variety of van der Waals materials.

Published
2020
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20. Highly transparent contacts to the 1D hole gas in ultra-scaled Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

Author

Charles M. Lieber, Masiar Sistani, Jovian Delaforce, Nicolas Roch, Minh Anh Luong, Eric Robin, Jun Yao, Olivier Buisson, Alois Lugstein, Jürgen Smoliner, Roman B. G. Kramer, Martien Den Hertog, Cécile Naud, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), and Harvard University

Subjects
Materials science, Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Ballistic conduction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Materials Science, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, General Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Heterojunction, Transmon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanoelectronics, Quantum dot, Qubit, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Semiconductor–superconductor hybrid systems have outstanding potential for emerging high-performance nanoelectronics and quantum devices. However, critical to their successful application is the fabrication of high-quality and reproducible semiconductor–superconductor interfaces. Here, we realize and measure axial Al–Ge–Al nanowire heterostructures with atomically precise interfaces, enwrapped by an ultrathin epitaxial Si layer further denoted as Al–Ge/Si–Al nanowire heterostructures. The heterostructures were synthesized by a thermally induced exchange reaction of single-crystalline Ge/Si core/shell nanowires and lithographically defined Al contact pads. Applying this heterostructure formation scheme enables self-aligned quasi one-dimensional crystalline Al leads contacting ultrascaled Ge/Si segments with contact transparencies greater than 96%. Integration into back-gated field-effect devices and continuous scaling beyond lithographic limitations allows us to exploit the full potential of the highly transparent contacts to the 1D hole gas at the Ge–Si interface. This leads to the observation of ballistic transport as well as quantum confinement effects up to temperatures of 150 K. Low-temperature measurements reveal proximity-induced superconductivity in the Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. The realization of a Josephson field-effect transistor allows us to study the subgap structure caused by multiple Andreev reflections. Most importantly, the absence of a quantum dot regime indicates a hard superconducting gap originating from the highly transparent contacts to the 1D hole gas, which is potentially interesting for the study of Majorana zero modes. Moreover, underlining the importance of the proposed thermally induced Al–Ge/Si–Al heterostructure formation technique, our system could contribute to the development of key components of quantum computing such as gatemon or transmon qubits

Published
2020
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21. Charge Detection in an Array of CMOS Quantum Dots

Author

Emmanuel Chanrion, Benoit Bertrand, Xavier Jehl, Christopher Bäuerle, Silvano De Franceschi, Romain Maurand, Yann-Michel Niquet, Franck Balestro, Louis Hutin, Pierre-André Mortemousque, Baptiste Jadot, Jing Li, Matias Urdampilleta, Maud Vinet, Marc Sanquer, Tristan Meunier, David J. Niegemann, Cameron Spence, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Hardware_GENERAL, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Coulomb, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Detector, Charge (physics), Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Semiconductor, chemistry, CMOS, Quantum dot, Qubit, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The recent development of arrays of quantum dots in semiconductor nanostructures highlights the progress of quantum devices toward large scale. However, how to realize such arrays on a scalable platform such as silicon is still an open question. One of the main challenge resides in the detection of charges within the array. It is a prerequisite functionality to initialize a desired charge state and readout spins through spin-to-charge conversion mechanisms. In this paper, we use two methods based on either a single-lead charge detector, or a reprogrammable single electron transistor. Thanks to these methods, we study the charge dynamics and sensitivity by performing single shot detection of the charge. Finally, we can probe the charge stability at any node of a linear array and assess the Coulomb disorder in the structure. We find an electrochemical potential fluctuation induced by charge noise comparable to that reported in other silicon quantum dots., 10 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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22. Spin-glass phase transition revealed in transport measurements

Author

Mathias Solana, Guillaume Forestier, Laurent Saminadayar, François Lefloch, Laurent Levy, Cécile Naud, Robert S. Whitney, Andreas D. Wieck, David Carpentier, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (TPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Phase transition, Spin glass, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Dopant, Doping, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Ion implantation, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Kondo effect, [PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We have measured the resistivity of magnetically doped Ag:Mn mesoscopic wires as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The doping has been made using ion implantation, allowing a distribution of the dopants in the middle of the sample. Comparison with an undoped sample, used as a reference sample, shows that the resistivity of the doped sample exhibits nonmonotonic behavior as a function of both magnetic field and temperature, revealing the competition between the Kondo effect and the RKKY interactions between spins. This proves that transport measurements are still a reliable probe of the spin-glass transition in nanoscopic metallic wire doped using implantation.

Published
2020
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23. Efficient Three-Dimensional Photonic−Plasmonic Photoconductive Switches for Picosecond THz Pulses

Author

Clément Geffroy, Giorgos Georgiou, Christopher Bäuerle, Jean-François Roux, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and ANR-15-CE24-0007,QTERA,Electronique quantique terahertz(2015)

Subjects
Materials science, picosecond pulses, Terahertz radiation, nanopillars, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, terahertz, 0103 physical sciences, Thz waves, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Plasmon, Nanopillar, plasmonic, [PHYS]Physics [physics], photonic, business.industry, Photoconductivity, photoconductive switch, levitons, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Photoconductive switch, Picosecond, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; The efficiency of photoconductive switches, which continue to be used for the generation and detection of THz waves, has been overlooked for a long time. The so far "optics-dominated" devices are making their way through to new and emerging fields of research that require ultrafast picosecond voltage pulses, as well as to new applications where power efficiency is of uttermost importance. To address the efficiency problems, in this Article we present a novel photoconductive switch that is based on a three-dimensional design. In contrast to conventional planar designs, our photoconductive switch drastically enhances the overall efficiency by maximizing the laser absorption within the device, while at the same time optimizing the carrier collection efficiency at the electrodes. To maximize the optical absorption, we take advantage of photonic and plasmonic modes that are excited in our device due to a periodic array of nanopillars, whereas the collection efficiency is optimized by converting each nanopillar into a single nano-photoconductive switch. Our numerical calculations show a 50-fold increase in the overall generated current and a 5-fold bandwidth increase compared to traditional interdigitated planar photoconductive switches. This opens up a wealth of new possibilities in quantum science and technology where efficient low power devices are indispensable.

Published
2020
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24. Integrated Variability Measurements of 28 nm FDSOI MOSFETs down to 4.2 K for Cryogenic CMOS Applications

Author

Mikael Casse, Tristan Meunier, Maud Vinet, L. Le Guevel, Gerard Ghibaudo, Bruna Cardoso Paz, Fred Gaillard, Sebastien Haendler, Gerard Billiot, Silvano De Franceschi, Emmanuel Vincent, Philippe Galy, A. G. M. Jansen, Andre Juge, Gael Pillonnet, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), STMicroelectronics, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Transistor channel, Materials science, Dopant, business.industry, Circuit design, Transistor, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, law.invention, Threshold voltage, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], CMOS, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Mismatch performance of 28 nm FDSOI technology is electrically characterized at low temperatures using integrated on-chip addressing for a matrix of transistors. The first statistical results ever published on FDSOI variability at 4.2 K provide valuable information for future compact transistor modeling in cryogenic circuit design. Slight increase of the threshold voltage mismatch is observed at low temperature. Nevertheless, the suppression of fluctuations in the random distribution of dopants for the fully-depleted transistor channel leads to a smaller threshold voltage variability for FDSOI at 4.2 K compared to advanced Bulk technology at room temperature.

Published
2020
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25. Photonic-Crystal Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier

Author

Nicolas Roch, Wiebke Hasch-Guichard, Denis M. Basko, Remy Dassonneville, Javier Puertas Martinez, Sebastien Leger, Luca Planat, Cécile Naud, A. Ranadive, Olivier Buisson, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Simple (abstract algebra), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Traveling wave, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photonic crystal, Parametric statistics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Amplifier, Optoelectronics, Parametric oscillator, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business
Abstract

An amplifier combining noise performances as close as possible to the quantum limit with large bandwidth and high saturation power is highly desirable for many solid state quantum technologies such as high fidelity qubit readout or high sensitivity electron spin resonance for example. Here we introduce a new Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier based on Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices. It displays a 3 GHz bandwidth, a -102 dBm 1-dB compression point and added noise near the quantum limit. Compared to previous state-of-the-art, it is an order of magnitude more compact, its characteristic impedance is in-situ tunable and its fabrication process requires only two lithography steps. The key is the engineering of a gap in the dispersion relation of the transmission line. This is obtained using a periodic modulation of the SQUID size, similarly to what is done with photonic crystals. Moreover, we provide a new theoretical treatment to describe the non-trivial interplay between non-linearity and such periodicity. Our approach provides a path to co-integration with other quantum devices such as qubits given the low footprint and easy fabrication of our amplifier., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Appendixes

Published
2020
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26. Atomic force microscopy phase imaging of epitaxial graphene films

Author

Walt A. de Heer, Filippo Cellini, M. Rejhon, Claire Berger, Elisa Riedo, Jan Kunc, Francesco Lavini, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Charles University [Prague], Georgia Tech - CNRS [Metz] (UMI2958), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-SUPELEC-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Materials science, friction, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, 0103 physical sciences, AFM phase imaging, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], atomic force microscopy, Graphene, business.industry, Atomic force microscopy, graphene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, epitaxial graphene, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Phase imaging, Optoelectronics, Epitaxial graphene, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Dynamic mode atomic force microscopy phase imaging is known to produce distinct contrast between graphene areas of different atomic thickness. But the intrinsic complexity of the processes controlling the tip motion and the phase angle shift excludes its use as an independent technique for a quantitative type of analysis. By investigating the relationship between the phase shift, the tip-surface interaction, and the thickness of the epitaxial graphene areas grown on silicon carbide, we shed light on the origin of such phase contrast, and on the complex energy dissipation processes underlying phase imaging. In particular, we study the behavior of phase shift and energy dissipation when imaging the interfacial buffer layer, single-layer, and bilayer graphene regions as a function of the tip-surface separation and the interaction forces. Finally, we compare these results with those obtained on differently-grown quasi free standing single- and bilayer graphene samples.

Published
2020
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27. Fast High-Fidelity Quantum Nondemolition Qubit Readout via a Nonperturbative Cross-Kerr Coupling

Author

Wiebke Hasch-Guichard, Sebastien Leger, Tomás Ramos, Nicolas Roch, Vladimir Milchakov, Farshad Foroughi, Karthik Srikanth Bharadwaj, Remy Dassonneville, Javier Puertas, Olivier Buisson, Etienne Dumur, Luca Planat, Juan José García-Ripoll, Jovian Delaforce, Cécile Naud, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, and European Commission

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Fidelity, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, High fidelity, Computer Science::Systems and Control, Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], media_common, Coupling, Physics, Superconductivity, Quantum Physics, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Qubit, Quantum Information, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

17 pags., 9 figs., 3 tabs., 5 apps., Qubit readout is an indispensable element of any quantum information processor. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a nonperturbative cross-Kerr couplingbetween a transmon and polariton mode which enables an improved quantum nondemolition (QND) readout for superconducting qubits. The new mechanism uses the same experimental techniques as the standard QND qubit readout in the dispersive approximation, but due to its nonperturbative nature, it maximizes the speed, the single-shot fidelity, and the QND properties of the readout. In addition, it minimizes the effect of unwanted decay channels such as the Purcell effect. We observe a single-shot readout fidelity of 97.4% for short 50-ns pulses and we quantify a QND-ness of 99% for long measurement pulses with repeated single-shot readouts., R. D. and S. L. acknowledge support from Fondation CFM pour la recherche. R. D., V. M., and O. B. acknowledge support from ANR REQUIEM (ANR-17-CE24-0012-01). J. J. G.-R. and T. R. acknowledge support from Project No. PGC2018-094792-B-I00 (MCIU/ AEI/FEDER, UE) and CAM/FEDER Project No. S2018/ TCS-4342 (QUITEMAD-CM). T. R. further acknowledges funding from the EU Horizon 2020 program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 798397. S. L. acknowledges the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the program Investissements d’avenir (ANR-15-IDEX02). K. B. and J. D. acknowledge the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754303. J. P. acknowledges grant from the Laboratoire d'excellence LANEF in Grenoble (ANR-10-LABX-51-01).

Published
2020
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28. Observation of Cooperative Electronic Quantum Tunneling: Increasing Accessible Nuclear States in a Molecular Qudit

Author

Mario Ruben, Ping Du, Gheorghe Taran, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Marko Damjanović, Svetlana Klyatskaya, Eufemio Moreno-Pineda, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Physics - Chemical Physics, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Grover's algorithm, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spin (physics), Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum tunnelling, Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Ferromagnetism, Qubit, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Ground state
Abstract

As an extension of two-level quantum bits (qubits), multilevel systems, so-called qudits, where d represents the Hilbert space dimension, have been predicted to reduce the number of iterations in quantum computation algorithms. This has been tested in the well-known [TbPc2]0 SMM, which allowed the implementation of the Grover algorithm in a single molecular unit. In the quest for molecular systems possessing an increased number of accessible nuclear spin states, we explore herein a dimeric Tb2-SMM via single crystal {\mu}-SQUID measurements at sub-Kelvin temperatures. We observe ferromagnetic interactions between the Tb(III) ions and cooperative quantum tunneling of the electronic spins with spin ground state \textit{J} = {\pm}6. The strong hyperfine coupling with the Tb(III) nuclear spins leads to a multitude of spin reversal paths leading to seven strong hyperfine driven tunneling steps in the hysteresis loops. Our results show the possibility to read-out the Tb(III) nuclear spin states via the cooperative tunneling of the electronic spins, making the dimeric Tb2-SMM an excellent nuclear spin qudit candidate with d =16., Comment: Manuscript contains 17 pages, 4 figures, and SI contains 10 pages and 8 figures

Published
2018
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29. Epitaxial two-layer graphene under pressure: Diamene stiffer than Diamond

Author

Francesco Lavini, Filippo Cellini, Claire Berger, Elisa Riedo, Angelo Bongiorno, Tengfei Cao, Walt A. de Heer, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), College of Computing (GATECH), and School of Physics

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Materials Chemistry, Silicon carbide, Composite material, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Graphene, Diamond, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Carbon film, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Sapphire, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The unprecedented ultrahigh interlayer stiffness of supported two-layer epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) has been recently reported by our research group. We found that under localized pressure a two-layer epitaxial graphene behaves as an ultra-hard and ultra-stiff coating, showing exceptional mechanical properties that far exceed those of bare SiC. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this unique behavior stems from a sp 2-to-sp 3 reversible phase transition of carbon films under compression, leading to a single-layer diamond-like structure that we called diamene. In this paper, force versus indentation depth curves from high-resolution nanoindentation experiments of CVD diamond and sapphire are carried out and compared to those obtained from two-layer epitaxial graphene on SiC. These new measurements confirm that the stiffness of epitaxial graphene is larger than that exhibited by CVD diamond and sapphire substrates. Our measurements show that areas of the film consisting of buffer layer plus one, or at most two, additional graphene layers are the ones most likely to exhibit phase-changing behaviors and larger-than-diamond stiffness.

Published
2018
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30. Molecular spin qudits for quantum algorithms

Author

Mario Ruben, Franck Balestro, Eufemio Moreno-Pineda, Clément Godfrin, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Computer science, Computation, Quantum superposition, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Quantum entanglement, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer engineering, Quantum dot, Qubit, Quantum algorithm, Quantum information, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Spin (physics), Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum computer, Spin-½
Abstract

Presently, one of the most ambitious technological goals is the development of devices working under the laws of quantum mechanics. One prominent target is the quantum computer, which would allow the processing of information at quantum level for purposes not achievable with even the most powerful computer resources. The large-scale implementation of quantum information would be a game changer for current technology, because it would allow unprecedented parallelised computation and secure encryption based on the principles of quantum superposition and entanglement. Currently, there are several physical platforms racing to achieve the level of performance required for the quantum hardware to step into the realm of practical quantum information applications. Several materials have been proposed to fulfil this task, ranging from quantum dots, Bose-Einstein condensates, spin impurities, superconducting circuits, molecules, amongst others. Magnetic molecules are among the list of promising building blocks, due to (i) their intrinsic monodispersity, (ii) discrete energy levels (iii) the possibility of chemical quantum state engineering, and (iv) their multilevel characteristics, leading to the so called Qudits (d > 2), amongst others. Herein we review how a molecular multilevel nuclear spin qubit (or qudit, where d = 4), known as TbPc2, gathers all the necessary requirements to perform as a molecular hardware platform with a first generation of molecular devices enabling even quantum algorithm operations., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, Advance Article

Published
2018
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31. Al–Ge–Al Nanowire Heterostructure: From Single‐Hole Quantum Dot to Josephson Effect

Author

Delaforce, Jovian, Sistani, Masiar, Kramer, Roman B. G., Luong, Minh A., Roch, Nicolas, Weber, Walter M., den Hertog, Martien I., Robin, Eric, Naud, Cecile, Lugstein, Alois, Buisson, Olivier, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Département de Nanophysique (DEPHY), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), The authors acknowledge support from the Laboratoire d'excellence LANEF in Grenoble (ANR-10-LABX-51-01), ANR-12-JS10-0002,COSMOS,Correlation du microscopie électronique en transmission avec des mesures optique et électrique effectués sur le même nanofils unique(2012), ANR-15-CE30-0021,QPSNanoWires,Sauts de Phase Quantiques dans les nanofils(2015), European Project: 754303, European Project: 758385,e-See - H2020-EU.1.1., Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Materials science, Nanowire, quantum dots, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, superconductor-semiconductor hybrids, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Josephson field-effect transistors, 010306 general physics, Quantum computer, Superconductivity, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Macroscopic quantum phenomena, Heterojunction, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, germanium, Mechanics of Materials, Quantum dot, nanowire heterostructures, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Superconductor–semiconductor–superconductor heterostructures are attractive for both fundamental studies of quantum phenomena in low-dimensional hybrid systems as well as for future high-performance low power dissipating nanoelectronic and quantum devices. In this work, ultrascaled monolithic Al–Ge–Al nanowire heterostructures featuring monocrystalline Al leads and abrupt metal–semiconductor interfaces are used to probe the low-temperature transport in intrinsic Ge (i-Ge) quantum dots. In particular, demonstrating the ability to tune the Ge quantum dot device from completely insulating, through a single-hole-filling quantum dot regime, to a supercurrent regime, resembling a Josephson field effect transistor with a maximum critical current of 10 nA at a temperature of 390 mK. The realization of a Josephson field-effect transistor with high junction transparency provides a mechanism to study sub-gap transport mediated by Andreev states. The presented results reveal a promising intrinsic Ge-based architecture for hybrid superconductor–semiconductor devices for the study of Majorana zero modes and key components of quantum computing such as gatemons or gate tunable superconducting quantum interference devices.

Published
2021
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32. Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene

Author

Walt A. de Heer, Erio Tosatti, Tengfei Cao, Angelo Bongiorno, Yang Gao, Claire Berger, Filippo Cellini, Elisa Riedo, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), School of Physics, and College of Computing (GATECH)

Subjects
Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Indentation, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Graphene, Bilayer, Drop (liquid), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Diamond, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Carbon film, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Atomically thin graphene exhibits fascinating mechanical properties, although its hardness and transverse stiffness are inferior to those of diamond. To date, there hasn't been any practical demonstration of the transformation of multi-layer graphene into diamond-like ultra-hard structures. Here we show that at room temperature and after nano-indentation, two-layer graphene on SiC(0001) exhibits a transverse stiffness and hardness comparable to diamond, resisting to perforation with a diamond indenter, and showing a reversible drop in electrical conductivity upon indentation. Density functional theory calculations suggest that upon compression, the two-layer graphene film transforms into a diamond-like film, producing both elastic deformations and sp2-to-sp3 chemical changes. Experiments and calculations show that this reversible phase change is not observed for a single buffer layer on SiC or graphene films thicker than 3 to 5 layers. Indeed, calculations show that whereas in two-layer graphene layer-stacking configuration controls the conformation of the diamond-like film, in a multilayer film it hinders the phase transformation., Comment: Published online on Nature Nanotechnology on December 18, 2017

Published
2017
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33. Three-Dimensional (3-D) Ferromagnetic Network of Mn12 Single-Molecule Magnets: Subtle Environmental Effects and Switching to Antiferromagnetic

Author

Adeline Fournet, Khalil A. Abboud, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, George Christou, Kylie J. Mitchell, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Chemistry [Gainesville] (UF|Chemistry), and University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Intermolecular force, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Ferromagnetism, Magnet, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, Antiferromagnetism, Carboxylate, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ground state, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Derivative (chemistry)
Abstract

A new member of the Mn12 family of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) has been prepared and found to be the first of this family to give a 3-D ferromagnetic network. [Mn12O12(O2CC6H4-p-F)16(H2O)4] (2) was prepared by carboxylate substitution on the acetate derivative with p-F-benzoic acid and crystallizes as 2·8MeCN in space group I42m with extensive formation of intermolecular C–H···F hydrogen-bonding. The latter leads to a combination of ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions and an overall F network that gives a χMT value at low T that is abnormally high for an S = 10 ground state. 2·8MeCN undergoes solvent loss under vacuum to 2, with a decrease in unit-cell volume of 17%, primarily due to a 13% decrease in the c-axis. The χMT vs T plot for 2 indicates a switch to a net AF network. Exposure to air causes hydration to 2·3H2O, a concomitant increase in unit cell volume, and a switch back to a F network. The same conversion of 2·8MeCN to 2·3H2O can also be accomplished in one step rather ...

Published
2017
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34. Multiple Magnetic Relaxation Pathways and Dual-Emission Modulated by a Heterometallic Tb-Pt Bonding Environment

Author

Miki Hasegawa, Goulven Cosquer, Brian K. Breedlove, Takefumi Yoshida, Masahiro Yamashita, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Daichi Iwasawa, Shuhei Ogata, David Chukwuma Izougu, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Tohoku University [Sendai], Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Subjects
Energy transfer, chemistry.chemical_element, Terbium, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Ion, Emission efficiency, luminescence, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Magnetic relaxation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, energy transfer, terbium, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Dual emission, Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Crystallography, magnetic properties, heterometallic bond, Luminescence
Abstract

A heterometallic Tb-Pt complex, [Tb2 Pt3 (SAc)12 (H2 O)2 ] (SAc=thioacetate), was synthesized. Dual emission was modulated by the presence of a heterometallic Tb-Pt bonding environment. The heterometallic Tb-Pt bond lowers the symmetry of the Tb ion and enhanced the emission efficiency. In addition, the Tb-Pt complex shows field-induced multiple magnetic relaxation pathways. Furthermore, it served as an antenna for the observed dual emission. In other words, the heterometallic Tb-Pt bond has a significant effect on the luminescence and magnetic properties of the complex.

Published
2017
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35. Production and processing of graphene and related materials

Author

Backes, Abdelkader, A.M., Alonso, Andrieux-Ledier, Arenal, Azpeitia, Balakrishnan, Banszerus, Barjon, Bartali, Bellani, Berger, Ortega, M.M.B., Bernard, Beton, P.H., Beyer, Bianco, B?ggild, Bonaccorso, Barin, G.B., Botas, Bueno, R.A., Carriazo, Castellanos-Gomez, Christian, Ciesielski, Ciuk, Cole, M.T., Coleman, Coletti, Crema, Cun, Dasler, De Fazio, D?ez, Drieschner, Duesberg, G.S., Fasel, Feng, Fina, Forti, Galiotis, Garberoglio, Garc?a, J.M., Garrido, J.A., Gibertini, G?lzh?user, G?mez, Greber, Hauke, Hemmi, Hernandez-Rodriguez, Hirsch, Hodge, S.A., Huttel, Jepsen, P.U., Jimenez, Kaiser, Kaplas, Kim, Kis, Papagelis, Kostarelos, Krajewska, Lee, Lipsanen, Liscio, Lohe, M.R., Loiseau, Lombardi, L?pez, M.F., Martin, Mart?n, Mart?nez, Martin-Gago, J.I., Marzari, Mayoral, McManus, Melucci, M?ndez, Merino, Meyer, A.P., Miniussi, Miseikis, Mishra, Morandi, Munuera, Mu?oz, Nolan, Ortolani, Ott, A.K., Palacio, Palermo, Parthenios, Pasternak, Patane, Prato, Prevost, Prudkovskiy, Pugno, Rojo, Rossi, Ruffieux, Samor?, Schu?, Setijadi, Seyller, Speranza, Stampfer, Stenger, Strupinski, Svirko, Taioli, Teo, K.B.K., Testi, Tomarchio, Tortello, Treossi, Turchanin, Vazquez, Villaro, Whelan, P.R., Xia, Yakimova, Yang, Yazdi, G.R., Yim, Yoon, Zhang, Zhuang, Colombo, Ferrari, A.C., Garcia-Hernandez, European Commission, García-Hernández, M., Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Heidelberg University, University of Cambridge, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Université Paris-Saclay, Aragonese Foundation for Research & Development, CSIC, University of Nottingham, RWTH Aachen University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Italian Institute of Technology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Technische Universität Dresden, Polytechnic University of Turin, University of Zurich, Bielefeld University, Université de Strasbourg, Technical University of Denmark, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CIC energigune, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, University of Bath, Trinity College Dublin, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Technical University of Munich, Universität der Bundeswehr München, University of Patras, CSIC - Institute of Micro and Nanotechnology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Avanzare S.L. Technological Innovation, Ulm University, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, University of Manchester, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, University of Zaragoza, Groupo Antolin I+D+I, Warsaw University of Technology, Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, BEC-INFM, Chemnitz University of Technology, Charles University, Buckingway Business Park, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Interquimica, Linköping University, University of Texas at Dallas, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Backes, C., Abdelkader, A. M., Alonso, C., Andrieux-Ledier, A., Arenal, R., Azpeitia, J., Balakrishnan, N., Banszerus, L., Barjon, J., Bartali, R., Bellani, S., Berger, C., Berger, R., Ortega, M. M. B., Bernard, C., Beton, P. H., Beyer, A., Bianco, A., Boggild, P., Bonaccorso, F., Barin, G. B., Botas, C., Bueno, R. A., Carriazo, D., Castellanos-Gomez, A., Christian, M., Ciesielski, A., Ciuk, T., Cole, M. T., Coleman, J., Coletti, C., Crema, L., Cun, H., Dasler, D., De Fazio, D., Diez, N., Drieschner, S., Duesberg, G. S., Fasel, R., Feng, X., Fina, A., Forti, S., Galiotis, C., Garberoglio, G., Garcia, J. M., Garrido, J. A., Gibertini, M., Golzhauser, A., Gomez, J., Greber, T., Hauke, F., Hemmi, A., Hernandez-Rodriguez, I., Hirsch, A., Hodge, S. A., Huttel, Y., Jepsen, P. U., Jimenez, I., Kaiser, U., Kaplas, T., Kim, H., Kis, A., Papagelis, K., Kostarelos, K., Krajewska, A., Lee, K., Li, C., Lipsanen, H., Liscio, A., Lohe, M. R., Loiseau, A., Lombardi, L., Lopez, M. F., Martin, O., Martin, C., Martinez, L., Martin-Gago, J. A., Martinez, J. I., Marzari, N., Mayoral, A., Mcmanus, J., Melucci, M., Mendez, J., Merino, C., Merino, P., Meyer, A. P., Miniussi, E., Miseikis, V., Mishra, N., Morandi, V., Munuera, C., Munoz, R., Nolan, H., Ortolani, L., Ott, A. K., Palacio, I., Palermo, V., Parthenios, J., Pasternak, I., Patane, A., Prato, M., Prevost, H., Prudkovskiy, V., Pugno, N., Rojo, T., Rossi, A., Ruffieux, P., Samori, P., Schue, L., Setijadi, E., Seyller, T., Speranza, G., Stampfer, C., Stenger, I., Strupinski, W., Svirko, Y., Taioli, S., Teo, K. B. K., Testi, M., Tomarchio, F., Tortello, M., Treossi, E., Turchanin, A., Vazquez, E., Villaro, E., Whelan, P. R., Xia, Z., Yakimova, R., Yang, S., Yazdi, G. R., Yim, C., Yoon, D., Zhang, X., Zhuang, X., Colombo, L., Ferrari, A. C., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut [Heidelberg] (PCI), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (CRANN-AMBER), Cambridge Graphene Centre (Cambridge, UK), DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (INA), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), Materials Science Factory - ICMM [Madrid], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), IIT Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), BeDimensional Spa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), CIC ENERGIGUNE - Parque Tecnol Alava, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering [Bath], University of Bath [Bath], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universität München, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Center for Advancing Electronics in Dresden (CFAED), European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-FBK), IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Alicante, Institut de théorie des phénomènes physiques (EPFL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Electrical Engineering Institute - EPFL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences - Hellas [Crete] (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Manchester [Manchester], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), LEM, UMR 104, CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay (Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures), ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi [Bologna] (IMM), University of Exeter, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Trento [Trento], School of Engineering and Materials Science [London] (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), University of Calgary, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, University of Linköping [Sweden], University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), QuantECA - Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), University of Patras [Patras], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), LEM, UMR 104 CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], Universidad de Sevilla, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Charles University [Prague], Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Autonomous University of Madrid, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Agencia Aragonesa por la Investigacion y el Desarollo (ARAID), Fundacion ARAID-Gobierno de Aragón [Zaragoza, Espagne], Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, JARA-FIT, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia DISAT, University of Zürich, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Physics of Supramolecular Systems (Bielefeld University), Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, @NEST, Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, University of Bern, Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, Univ Geneva, DQMP, 24 Quai Ernest, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Universität Ulm - Ulm University, Institute of Photonics (Institute of Photonics), University of Shanghai [Shanghai], Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività - ISOF (Bologne, Italie), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), ACM Advanced Carbon Materials (Grupo Antolin Ingenieria), INRES-Chemical Signalling, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Carbon Bionanotechnology Laboratory (CICbiomaGUNE), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche & INSTM UdR Trieste, Université Trieste, Department of Structural Engineering and Geotechnics, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Technisches Universität Chemnitz, Institute of Physical Chemistry (Firedrich Schiller University Jena), Linköping University (LIU), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (University of Texas), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, García-Hernández, M. [0000-0002-5987-0647], European Union (EU), and Horizon 2020

Subjects
Inks of layered materials, Growth of layered material, Materialkemi, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Q1, 01 natural sciences, materials, law.invention, Characterization of layered materials, Functionalization of layered materials, Growth of layered materials, Processing of layered materials, Synthesis of graphene and related materials, law, 540 Chemistry, functionalization of layered, Materials Chemistry, General Materials Science, Graphite, QA, QC, growth of, SYNTHESE DU GRAPHENE ET DES MATERIAUX ASSOCIES, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Processing of layered material, Química, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Exfoliation joint, ddc, Characterization of layered material, layered materials, Nanoröhre, Mechanics of Materials, processing of layered materials, inks of layered materials, characterization of layered materials, functionalization of layered materials, synthesis of graphene and related materials, growth of layered materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], PROCÉDURE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE, ddc:620, 0210 nano-technology, 51 Physical Sciences, Graphene nanoribbons, Materials science, 530 Physics, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, FONCTIONNALISATION DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHES, Monolayer, Functionalization of layered material, ddc:530, Thin film, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Nanocomposite, Graphene, Inks of layered material, Mechanical Engineering, Física, General Chemistry, CARACTERISATION DES MATERAUX EN COUCHES, CROISSANCE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE, 5104 Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, ENCRAGE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE
Abstract

We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a 'hands-on' approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors' experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section I is devoted to 'bottom up' approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section II covers 'top down' techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers' and modified Hummers' methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by employing a theoretical data-mining approach. The exfoliation of LMs usually results in a heterogeneous dispersion of flakes with different lateral size and thickness. This is a critical bottleneck for applications, and hinders the full exploitation of GRMs produced by solution processing. The establishment of procedures to control the morphological properties of exfoliated GRMs, which also need to be industrially scalable, is one of the key needs. Section III deals with the processing of flakes. (Ultra)centrifugation techniques have thus far been the most investigated to sort GRMs following ultrasonication, shear mixing, ball milling, microfluidization, and wet-jet milling. It allows sorting by size and thickness. Inks formulated from GRM dispersions can be printed using a number of processes, from inkjet to screen printing. Each technique has specific rheological requirements, as well as geometrical constraints. The solvent choice is critical, not only for the GRM stability, but also in terms of optimizing printing on different substrates, such as glass, Si, plastic, paper, etc, all with different surface energies. Chemical modifications of such substrates is also a key step. Sections IV–VII are devoted to the growth of GRMs on various substrates and their processing after growth to place them on the surface of choice for specific applications. The substrate for graphene growth is a key determinant of the nature and quality of the resultant film. The lattice mismatch between graphene and substrate influences the resulting crystallinity. Growth on insulators, such as SiO2, typically results in films with small crystallites, whereas growth on the close-packed surfaces of metals yields highly crystalline films. Section IV outlines the growth of graphene on SiC substrates. This satisfies the requirements for electronic applications, with well-defined graphene-substrate interface, low trapped impurities and no need for transfer. It also allows graphene structures and devices to be measured directly on the growth substrate. The flatness of the substrate results in graphene with minimal strain and ripples on large areas, allowing spectroscopies and surface science to be performed. We also discuss the surface engineering by intercalation of the resulting graphene, its integration with Si-wafers and the production of nanostructures with the desired shape, with no need for patterning. Section V deals with chemical vapour deposition (CVD) onto various transition metals and on insulators. Growth on Ni results in graphitized polycrystalline films. While the thickness of these films can be optimized by controlling the deposition parameters, such as the type of hydrocarbon precursor and temperature, it is difficult to attain single layer graphene (SLG) across large areas, owing to the simultaneous nucleation/growth and solution/precipitation mechanisms. The differing characteristics of polycrystalline Ni films facilitate the growth of graphitic layers at different rates, resulting in regions with differing numbers of graphitic layers. High-quality films can be grown on Cu. Cu is available in a variety of shapes and forms, such as foils, bulks, foams, thin films on other materials and powders, making it attractive for industrial production of large area graphene films. The push to use CVD graphene in applications has also triggered a research line for the direct growth on insulators. The quality of the resulting films is lower than possible to date on metals, but enough, in terms of transmittance and resistivity, for many applications as described in section V. Transfer technologies are the focus of section VI. CVD synthesis of graphene on metals and bottom up molecular approaches require SLG to be transferred to the final target substrates. To have technological impact, the advances in production of high-quality large-area CVD graphene must be commensurate with those on transfer and placement on the final substrates. This is a prerequisite for most applications, such as touch panels, anticorrosion coatings, transparent electrodes and gas sensors etc. New strategies have improved the transferred graphene quality, making CVD graphene a feasible option for CMOS foundries. Methods based on complete etching of the metal substrate in suitable etchants, typically iron chloride, ammonium persulfate, or hydrogen chloride although reliable, are time- and resource-consuming, with damage to graphene and production of metal and etchant residues. Electrochemical delamination in a low-concentration aqueous solution is an alternative. In this case metallic substrates can be reused. Dry transfer is less detrimental for the SLG quality, enabling a deterministic transfer. There is a large range of layered materials (LMs) beyond graphite. Only few of them have been already exfoliated and fully characterized. Section VII deals with the growth of some of these materials. Amongst them, h-BN, transition metal tri- and di-chalcogenides are of paramount importance. The growth of h-BN is at present considered essential for the development of graphene in (opto) electronic applications, as h-BN is ideal as capping layer or substrate. The interesting optical and electronic properties of TMDs also require the development of scalable methods for their production. Large scale growth using chemical/physical vapour deposition or thermal assisted conversion has been thus far limited to a small set, such as h-BN or some TMDs. Heterostructures could also be directly grown. Section VIII discusses advances in GRM functionalization. A broad range of organic molecules can be anchored to the sp 2 basal plane by reductive functionalization. Negatively charged graphene can be prepared in liquid phase (e.g. via intercalation chemistry or electrochemically) and can react with electrophiles. This can be achieved both in dispersion or on substrate. The functional groups of GO can be further derivatized. Graphene can also be noncovalently functionalized, in particular with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that assemble on the sp 2 carbon network by π–π stacking. In the liquid phase, this can enhance the colloidal stability of SLG/FLG. Approaches to achieve noncovalent on-substrate functionalization are also discussed, which can chemically dope graphene. Research efforts to derivatize CNMs are also summarized, as well as novel routes to selectively address defect sites. In dispersion, edges are the most dominant defects and can be covalently modified. This enhances colloidal stability without modifying the graphene basal plane. Basal plane point defects can also be modified, passivated and healed in ultra-high vacuum. The decoration of graphene with metal nanoparticles (NPs) has also received considerable attention, as it allows to exploit synergistic effects between NPs and graphene. Decoration can be either achieved chemically or in the gas phase. All LMs, can be functionalized and we summarize emerging approaches to covalently and noncovalently functionalize MoS2 both in the liquid and on substrate. Section IX describes some of the most popular characterization techniques, ranging from optical detection to the measurement of the electronic structure. Microscopies play an important role, although macroscopic techniques are also used for the measurement of the properties of these materials and their devices. Raman spectroscopy is paramount for GRMs, while PL is more adequate for non-graphene LMs (see section IX.2). Liquid based methods result in flakes with different thicknesses and dimensions. The qualification of size and thickness can be achieved using imaging techniques, like scanning probe microscopy (SPM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or spectroscopic techniques. Optical microscopy enables the detection of flakes on suitable surfaces as well as the measurement of optical properties. Characterization of exfoliated materials is essential to improve the GRM metrology for applications and quality control. For grown GRMs, SPM can be used to probe morphological properties, as well as to study growth mechanisms and quality of transfer. More generally, SPM combined with smart measurement protocols in various modes allows one to get obtain information on mechanical properties, surface potential, work functions, electrical properties, or effectiveness of functionalization. Some of the techniques described are suitable for 'in situ' characterization, and can be hosted within the growth chambers. If the diagnosis is made 'ex situ', consideration should be given to the preparation of the samples to avoid contamination. Occasionally cleaning methods have to be used prior to measurement., We acknowledge funding from the European Commission Graphene Flagship Core1 (grant agreement 696656) and Core2 (grant agreement 785219).

Published
2020
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36. Non-invasive nanoscale potentiometry and ballistic transport in epigraphene nanoribbons

Author

David Wander, Clemens Winkelmann, Vladimir Prudkovskiy, Hervé Courtois, Walt A. de Heer, Alessandro de Cecco, Rini Ganguly, Claire Berger, Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (QuNES), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA)

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Non invasive, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electron transport chain, ballistic transport, Ballistic conduction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Metrics & More Article Recommendations Epigraphene, General Materials Science, scanning tunneling potentiometry, 0210 nano-technology, Nanoscopic scale, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoribbons, Electronic properties
Abstract

International audience; The recent observation of non-classical electron transport regimes in two-dimensional materials has called for new high-resolution non-invasive techniques to locally probe electronic properties. We introduce a novel hybrid scanning probe technique to map the local resistance and electrochemical potential with nm-and µV resolution, and we apply it to study epigraphene nanoribbons grown on the sidewalls of SiC sub-strate steps. Remarkably, the potential drop is non uniform along the ribbons, and µm-long segments show no potential variation with distance. The potential maps are in excellent agreement with measurements of the local resistance. This reveals ballistic transport (removed "in ambient conditions"), compatible with micrometer-long room-temperature electronic mean free paths.

Published
2020
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37. Dual switchable molecular tweezers incorporating anisotropic Mn-salphen complexes

Author

Lise-Marie Chamoreau, Valérie Marvaud, J. L. Cantin, Bernold Hasenknopf, Olivier Cador, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Benjamin Doistau, Guillaume Vives, Fabrice Pointillart, Lorien Benda, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), École Normale Supérieure, 15-CE07-0006-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA)

Subjects
Materials science, 010405 organic chemistry, Intercalation (chemistry), Sonogashira coupling, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, Intramolecular force, Tweezers, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Single-molecule magnet, Terpyridine, Molecular tweezers
Abstract

International audience; An alternative strategy for the synthesis of terpyridine based switchable molecular tweezers has been developed to incorporate anisotropic Mn(iii)-salphen complexes. The free ligand was synthesized using a building block strategy based on Sonogashira coupling reactions and was then selectively metalated with manganese in a last step. The conformation of the tweezers was switched from an open 'W' shaped form to a closed 'U' form by Zn(ii) coordination to the terpyridine unit bringing the two Mn-salphen moieties in close spatial proximity as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. An alternate switching mechanism was observed by the intercalation of a bridging cyanide ligand between the two Mn-salphen moieties that resulted in the closing of the tweezers. These dual stimuli are attractive for achieving multiple controls of the mechanical motion of the tweezers. A crystallographic structure of unexpected partially oxidized closed tweezers was also obtained. One of the two Mn-salphen moieties underwent a ligand-centered oxidation of an imino to an amido group allowing an intramolecular Mn-Oamide-Mn linkage. The magnetic properties of the manganese(iii) dimers were investigated to evaluate the magnetic exchange interaction and analyze the single molecule magnet behavior.

Published
2020
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38. The role of the quadrupolar interaction in the tunneling dynamics of lanthanide molecular magnets

Author

Edgar Bonet, Gheorghe Taran, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Lanthanide, Ligand field theory, Magnetization dynamics, Zeeman effect, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Degenerate energy levels, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, symbols.namesake, Magnetization, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), symbols, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 0210 nano-technology, Hyperfine structure, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Quantum tunneling dominates the low temperature magnetization dynamics in molecular magnets and presents features that are strongly system dependent. The current discussion is focused on the terbium(III) bis(phtalocyanine) ( [ TbPc 2 ] − 1 ) complex that should serve as a prototypical case for lanthanide molecular magnets. We analyze numerically the effect of non-axial interactions on the magnitude of the intrinsic tunnel splitting and show that usual suspects like the transverse ligand field and Zeeman interaction fail to explain the experimentally observed dynamics. We then propose through the nuclear quadrupolar interaction a viable mechanism that mixes, otherwise almost degenerate hyperfine states.Quantum tunneling dominates the low temperature magnetization dynamics in molecular magnets and presents features that are strongly system dependent. The current discussion is focused on the terbium(III) bis(phtalocyanine) ( [ TbPc 2 ] − 1 ) complex that should serve as a prototypical case for lanthanide molecular magnets. We analyze numerically the effect of non-axial interactions on the magnitude of the intrinsic tunnel splitting and show that usual suspects like the transverse ligand field and Zeeman interaction fail to explain the experimentally observed dynamics. We then propose through the nuclear quadrupolar interaction a viable mechanism that mixes, otherwise almost degenerate hyperfine states.

Published
2020
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39. Spin-boson quantum phase transition in multilevel superconducting qubits

Author

Kuljeet Kaur, Théo Sépulcre, Nicolas Roch, Izak Snyman, Serge Florens, Soumya Bera, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Théorie Quantique des Circuits (ThQC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), and University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS)

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Superconducting circuits are currently developed as a versatile platform for the exploration of many-body physics, by building on non-linear elements that are often idealized as two-level qubits. A classic example is given by a charge qubit that is capacitively coupled to a transmission line, which leads to the celebrated spin-boson description of quantum dissipation. We show that the intrinsic multilevel structure of superconducting qubits drastically restricts the validity of the spin-boson paradigm due to phase localization, which spreads the wavefunction over many charge states. Numerical Renormalization Group simulations also show that the quantum critical point moves out of the physically accessible range in the multilevel regime. Imposing charge discreteness in a simple variational state accounts for these multilevel effects, that are relevant for a large class of devices., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, bundled with Supplementary Material

Published
2020
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40. Observation of quantum many-body effects due to zero point fluctuations in superconducting circuits

Author

Sebastien Leger, Izak Snyman, Serge Florens, Vladimir Milchakov, Jovian Delaforce, Olivier Buisson, Karthik Srikanth Bharadwaj, Nicolas Roch, Luca Planat, Wiebke Hasch-Guichard, Cécile Naud, Farshad Foroughi, Remy Dassonneville, Javier Puertas-Martinez, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Théorie Quantique des Circuits (ThQC), and University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Josephson effect, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Zero-point energy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Open quantum system, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, lcsh:Science, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum optics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, General Chemistry, Casimir effect, 030104 developmental biology, Phase transitions and critical phenomena, Qubit, Quantum electrodynamics, Bloch oscillations, lcsh:Q, Quantum simulation, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

Electromagnetic fields possess zero point fluctuations which lead to observable effects such as the Lamb shift and the Casimir effect. In the traditional quantum optics domain, these corrections remain perturbative due to the smallness of the fine structure constant. To provide a direct observation of non-perturbative effects driven by zero point fluctuations in an open quantum system we wire a highly non-linear Josephson junction to a high impedance transmission line, allowing large phase fluctuations across the junction. Consequently, the resonance of the former acquires a relative frequency shift that is orders of magnitude larger than for natural atoms. Detailed modeling confirms that this renormalization is non-linear and quantum. Remarkably, the junction transfers its non-linearity to about thirty environmental modes, a striking back-action effect that transcends the standard Caldeira-Leggett paradigm. This work opens many exciting prospects for longstanding quests such as the tailoring of many-body Hamiltonians in the strongly non-linear regime, the observation of Bloch oscillations, or the development of high-impedance qubits., Advances in the design and fabrication of superconducting devices enable physicists to design and monitor quantum electronic systems in synthetic environments. Here the authors observe how many-body effects influence the zero-point motion of a Josephson junction coupled to a high impedance transmission line.

Published
2019
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41. An epigraphene platform for coherent 1D nanoelectronics

Author

Prudkovskiy, Vladimir, Hu, Yiran, Zhang, Kaimin, Hu, Yue, Ji, Peixuan, Nunn, Grant, Zhao, Jian, Shi, Chenqian, Tejeda, Antonio, De Cecco, Alessandro, Winkelmann, Clemens, Jiang, Yuxuan, Zhao, Tianhao, Jiang, Zhigang, Ma, Lei, Berger, Claire, De Heer, Walt, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), TICNN - Tianjin University, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), TICNN-Tianjin University, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (QuNES), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), School of Mathematics - Georgia Institute of Technology, and TICNN- Tianjin University

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Exceptional edge state ballistic transport, first observed in graphene nanoribbons grown on the sidewalls of trenches etched in electronics grade silicon carbide even at room temperature, is shown here to manifest in micron scale epigraphene structures that are conventionally patterned on single crystal silicon carbide substrates. Electronic transport is dominated by a single electronic mode, in which electrons travel large distances without scattering, much like photons in an optical fiber. In addition, robust quantum coherence, non-local transport, and a ground state with half a conductance quantum are also observed. These properties are explained in terms of a ballistic edge state that is pinned at zero energy. The epigraphene platform allows interconnected nanostructures to be patterned, using standard microelectronics methods, to produce phase coherent 1D ballistic networks. This discovery is unique, providing the first feasible route to large scale quantum coherent graphene nanoelectronics, and a possible inroad towards quantum computing.

Published
2019

42. A Spin Quintet in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot: Spin Blockade and Relaxation

Author

David J. Niegemann, Jing Li, Benoit Bertrand, David J. Ibberson, Chang-Min Lee, N. A. Stelmashenko, Louis Hutin, Matias Urdampilleta, Jason W. A. Robinson, Lisa Ibberson, Tristan Meunier, Yann-Michel Niquet, Theodor Lundberg, M. Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba, Maud Vinet, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory [University of Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Hitachi, Ltd, PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy [Cambridge University] (DMSM), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Silicon, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics, QC1-999, Silicon quantum dots, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Relaxation (physics), Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Double quantum, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin-½
Abstract

Spins in gate-defined silicon quantum dots are promising candidates for implementing large-scale quantum computing. To read the spin state of these qubits, the mechanism that has provided the highest fidelity is spin-to-charge conversion via singlet-triplet spin blockade, which can be detected in-situ using gate-based dispersive sensing. In systems with a complex energy spectrum, like silicon quantum dots, accurately identifying when singlet-triplet blockade occurs is hence of major importance for scalable qubit readout. In this work, we present a description of spin blockade physics in a tunnel-coupled silicon double quantum dot defined in the corners of a split-gate transistor. Using gate-based magnetospectroscopy, we report successive steps of spin blockade and spin blockade lifting involving spin states with total spin angular momentum up to $S=3$. More particularly, we report the formation of a hybridized spin quintet state and show triplet-quintet and quintet-septet spin blockade. This enables studies of the quintet relaxation dynamics from which we find $T_1 \sim 4 ~\mu s$. Finally, we develop a quantum capacitance model that can be applied generally to reconstruct the energy spectrum of a double quantum dot including the spin-dependent tunnel couplings and the energy splitting between different spin manifolds. Our results open for the possibility of using Si CMOS quantum dots as a tuneable platform for studying high-spin systems., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2019
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43. Sound-driven single-electron transfer in a circuit of coupled quantum rails

Author

Matias Urdampilleta, Giorgos Georgiou, C. J. B. Ford, Crispin H. W. Barnes, Shintaro Takada, Hugo V. Lepage, Arne Ludwig, Christopher Bäuerle, Pierre-André Mortemousque, Junliang Wang, Mingyun Yuan, Tristan Meunier, Paulo V. Santos, Hermann Edlbauer, Andreas D. Wieck, Xavier Waintal, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Takada, Shintaro [0000-0002-7831-585X], Edlbauer, Hermann [0000-0002-0236-3265], Lepage, Hugo V. [0000-0002-7363-4165], Wang, Junliang [0000-0002-7164-1644], Ford, Christopher J. B. [0000-0002-4557-3721], Wieck, Andreas D. [0000-0001-9776-2922], Bäuerle, Christopher [0000-0001-7393-0346], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Lepage, Hugo V [0000-0002-7363-4165], Ford, Christopher JB [0000-0002-4557-3721], and Wieck, Andreas D [0000-0001-9776-2922]

Subjects
electron, 147/135, 120, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Integrated circuit, 01 natural sciences, 5108 Quantum Physics, Quantum logic, law.invention, sound, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, law, 639/766/483/2802, electron transport, lcsh:Science, Quantum, Physics, 639/766/119/995, Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, 142/126, quantum mechanics, article, quantum dot, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Optoelectronics, 639/766/25/3927, 0210 nano-technology, 51 Physical Sciences, Qubits, adiabaticity, scanning electron microscopy, Electronic properties and materials, Quantum information, 144, Science, 639/925/927/481, FOS: Physical sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Quantum circuit, electric potential, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], acoustic wave, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, electrical conductivity, piezoelectricity, business.industry, General Chemistry, Acoustics, 5104 Condensed Matter Physics, Quantum dot, Qubit, Power dividers and directional couplers, lcsh:Q, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) strongly modulate the shallow electric potential in piezoelectric materials. In semiconductor heterostructures such as GaAs/AlGaAs, SAWs can thus be employed to transfer individual electrons between distant quantum dots. This transfer mechanism makes SAW technologies a promising candidate to convey quantum information through a circuit of quantum logic gates. Here we present two essential building blocks of such a SAW-driven quantum circuit. First, we implement a directional coupler allowing to partition a flying electron arbitrarily into two paths of transportation. Second, we demonstrate a triggered single-electron source enabling synchronisation of the SAW-driven sending process. Exceeding a single-shot transfer efficiency of 99 %, we show that a SAW-driven integrated circuit is feasible with single electrons on a large scale. Our results pave the way to perform quantum logic operations with flying electron qubits., Comment: Accepted for Publication in Nature Communications

Published
2019
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44. Magnetic Recording of Superconducting States

Author

W.A. Ortiz, Gorky Shaw, Sylvain Blanco Alvarez, Alejandro Silhanek, Roman B. G. Kramer, M. Motta, Jérémy Brisbois, Loïc Burger, Benoît Vanderheyden, Lincoln Brum de Leite Gusmão Pinheiro, Karl Fleury-Frenette, Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials (Q-MAT, CESAM), Université de Liège, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, lcsh:TN1-997, Magnetic tweezers, superconducting devices, superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Engineering physics, Magnetic flux, Vortex, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Simplicity (photography), 0103 physical sciences, Trajectory, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, magnetic tweezers, Image resolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Abstract

Local polarization of magnetic materials has become a well-known and widely used method for storing binary information. Numerous applications in our daily life such as credit cards, computer hard drives, and the popular magnetic drawing board toy, rely on this principle. In this work, we review the recent advances on the magnetic recording of inhomogeneous magnetic landscapes produced by superconducting films. We summarize the current compelling experimental evidence showing that magnetic recording can be applied for imprinting in a soft magnetic layer the flux trajectory taking place in a superconducting layer at cryogenic temperatures. This approach enables the ex situ observation at room temperature of the imprinted magnetic flux landscape obtained below the critical temperature of the superconducting state. The undeniable appeal of the proposed technique lies in its simplicity and the potential to improve the spatial resolution, possibly down to the scale of a few vortices.

Published
2019
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45. The 2019 Surface Acoustic Waves Roadmap

Author

P. Rovillain, Dirk Volkmer, Hubert J. Krenner, Andrew Cleland, Laura Thevenard, Christopher Bäuerle, Manuel S. Brugger, Jean Yves Duquesne, Tristan Meunier, Achim Wixforth, Alexander Reiner, Hailin Wang, Jonathan M. Cooper, E. A. Cerda-Méndez, Martin Wiklund, Gerhard Fischerauer, Florian Rehfeldt, Dmytro Denysenko, Yong Qing Fu, Emeline D.S. Nysten, Christoph Westerhausen, M. J. A. Schuetz, Max Marangolo, Marcelo Wu, Per Delsing, C. J. B. Ford, Henrik Bruus, Catherine Gourdon, Julien Reboud, Werner Dipl Phys Ruile, Geza Giedke, Kartik Srinivasan, Johannes Knörzer, J. Ignacio Cirac, Matthias Weiß, Krishna C. Balram, Ben Paschke, Paulo V. Santos, Geoff R. Nash, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], University of Chicago, Harvard University [Cambridge], Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi [México] (UASLP), University of Oregon [Eugene], University of Augsburg [Augsburg], University of Exeter, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photons, Magnons et Technologies Quantiques (INSP-E11), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acoustique pour les nanosciences (INSP-E3), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Universität Bayreuth, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), University of Glasgow, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Göttingen, University of Göttigen, Knörzer, J [0000-0002-7318-3018], Giedke, G [0000-0002-9676-5686], Cirac, JI [0000-0003-3359-1743], Baüerle, C [0000-0001-7393-0346], Ford, CJB [0000-0002-4557-3721], Santos, PV [0000-0002-0218-8030], Cerda-Méndez, E [0000-0002-6479-6664], Wang, H [0000-0001-7614-2003], Krenner, HJ [0000-0002-0696-456X], Nash, GR [0000-0002-5321-4163], Thevenard, L [0000-0002-4723-2955], Gourdon, C [0000-0001-9901-1399], Marangolo, M [0000-0001-6211-8168], Duquesne, JY [0000-0001-9156-8758], Fischerauer, G [0000-0003-2000-4730], Reboud, J [0000-0002-6879-8405], Cooper, JM [0000-0002-2358-1050], Fu, YQ [0000-0001-9797-4036], Rehfeldt, F [0000-0001-9086-3835], Westerhausen, C [0000-0001-7103-7060], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, H600, Microfluidics, quantum acoustics, 02 engineering and technology, phononics, 01 natural sciences, QETLabs, 0103 physical sciences, Wireless, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Surface acoustic wave, Ranging, Acoustic wave, surface acoustic waves, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Engineering physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum acoustics
Abstract

Today, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and bulk acoustic waves are already two of the very few phononic technologies of industrial relevance and can been found in a myriad of devices employing these nanoscale earthquakes on a chip. Acoustic radio frequency filters, for instance, are integral parts of wireless devices. SAWs in particular find applications in life sciences and microfluidics for sensing and mixing of tiny amounts of liquids. In addition to this continuously growing number of applications, SAWs are ideally suited to probe and control elementary excitations in condensed matter at the limit of single quantum excitations. Even collective excitations, classical or quantum are nowadays coherently interfaced by SAWs. This wide, highly diverse, interdisciplinary and continuously expanding spectrum literally unites advanced sensing and manipulation applications. Remarkably, SAW technology is inherently multiscale and spans from single atomic or nanoscopic units up even to the millimeter scale. The aim of this Roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of surface acoustic wave science and technology in 2019 and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds from a group of renown experts, covering the interdisciplinary key areas, ranging from fundamental quantum effects to practical applications of acoustic devices in life science.

Published
2019
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46. Injection Locking and Parametric Locking in a Superconducting Circuit

Author

Danijela Marković, Emmanuel Flurin, Nicolas Roch, Benjamin Huard, J.-D. Pillet, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mesoscopic physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum information processing, Microwave oscillators, 01 natural sciences, Imaging phantom, Injection locking, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Parametric statistics
Abstract

When a signal is injected in a parametric oscillator close enough to its resonance, the oscillator frequency and phase get locked to those of the injected signal. Here, we demonstrate two frequency locking schemes using a Josephson mixer in the parametric down-conversion regime, pumped beyond the parametric oscillation threshold. The circuit then emits radiation out of two spectraly and spatially separated resonators at frequencies determined by the locking schemes that we choose. When we inject the signal close to a resonance, it locks the oscillator emission to the signal frequency by injection locking. When we inject the signal close to the difference of resonances, it locks the oscillator emission by parametric locking. We compare both schemes and investigate the dependence of the parametric locking range on the pump and the injection signal power. Our results can be interpreted using Adler's theory for lasers, which makes a new link between laser physics and superconducting circuits that could enable better understanding of pumped circuits for quantum information applications such as error correction, circulators and photon number detectors.

Published
2019
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47. Louis Néel: His multifaceted seminal work in magnetism

Author

Bernard Barbara, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Work (electrical), Magnetism, Philosophy, 0103 physical sciences, General Engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Classics, Period (music), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

Louis Neel was a world-renowned scientist who devoted the research part of his multi-faceted career to magnetism. Covering roughly the period 1930–1970, his work is explained for a non-specialized audience, with particular attention given to work published in the Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences.

Published
2019
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48. A scanning hall probe microscope for characterization of micro-magnets and mm-sized magnetic structures

Author

Gorky Shaw, Klaus Hasselbach, Roman B. G. Kramer, Nora M. Dempsey, Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), and Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM )

Subjects
010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Scanning Hall probe microscope, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019
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49. Development Of Micro-Magnets For The Electromagnetic Transduction Of MEMS

Author

Daisuke Saya, Pierre Moritz, Lise-Marie Lacroix, Fabrice Mathieu, Guillaume Viau, David Bourrier, Liviu Nicu, Thomas Blon, Thierry Leichle, Klaus Hasselbach, Roman B. G. Kramer, Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (NEEL - MagSup), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
Materials science, Microscope, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, Hall effect, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, Microelectromechanical systems, business.industry, Coercivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Science::Other, Electromagnetic induction, Remanence, Magnet, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lorentz force
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a new class of high-performance permanent micro-magnets based on the controlled assembly of cobalt nanorods for the electromagnetic transduction of MEMS. Micromagnets are fabricated using a low temperature fabrication process that yields a dense material exhibiting high coercive field and remanence to saturation magnetization ratio. The cartography of the magnetic induction produced by the sub-millimeter size magnets was obtained using a scanning Hall effect micro-probe microscope. Silicon microcantilevers placed in the vicinity of these magnets were successfully actuated using the Lorentz force with low currents. The good signal to noise ratio measured at resonance demonstrates the potentiality of these nanostructured micro-magnets.

Published
2019
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50. Decoherence measurements in crystals of molecular magnets

Author

Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, Gheorghe Taran, Edgar Bonet, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Physics, Quantum decoherence, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Molecular magnets, Condensed matter physics, Field (physics), Dephasing, Operator (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Master equation, Diamagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract

Decoherence processes in crystals of molecular magnets are prototypical for interacting electronic spin systems. We analyze the Landau-Zener dynamics of the archetypical TbPc$_2$ complex diluted in a diamagnetic monocrystal. The dependence of the tunneling probability on the field sweep rate is evaluated in the framework of the recently proposed master equation in which the decoherence processes are described through a phenomenological Lindblad operator. Thus, we showcase low temperature magnetic measurements that complement resonant techniques in determining small tunnel splittings and dephasing times., 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2019
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