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1. Time-resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm-Dense Aluminium

Author

Vinko, S. M., Vozda, V., Andreasson, J., Bajt, S., Bielecki, J., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Ciricosta, O., Desjarlais, M. P., Fleckenstein, H., Hajdu, J., Hajkova, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Kasim, M. F., McBride, E. E., Muehlig, K., Preston, T. R., Rackstraw, D. S., Roling, S., Toleikis, S., Wark, J. S., and Zacharias, H.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity-enhancement is observed on ultrafast time scales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm-dense matter.

Published
2020
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2. Ab-initio simulations and measurements of the free-free opacity in Aluminum

Author

Hollebon, P., Ciricosta, O., Desjarlais, M. P., Cacho, C., Spindloe, C., Springate, E., Turcu, I. C. E., Wark, J. S., and Vinko, S. M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The free-free opacity in dense systems is a property that both tests our fundamental understanding of correlated many-body systems, and is needed to understand the radiative properties of high energy-density plasmas. Despite its importance, predictive calculations of the free-free opacity remain challenging even in the condensed matter phase for simple metals. Here we show how the free-free opacity can be modelled at finite-temperatures via time-dependent density functional theory, and illustrate the importance of including local field corrections, core polarization and self-energy corrections. Our calculations for ground-state Al are shown to agree well with experimental opacity measurements performed on the Artemis laser facility across a wide range of x-ray to ultraviolet wavelengths. We extend our calculations across the melt to the warm-dense matter regime, and find good agreement with advanced plasma models based on inverse bremsstrahlung at temperatures above 10 eV.

Published
2018
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3. Opacity effects in a solid-density aluminium plasma created by photo-excitation with an X-ray laser

Author

Rackstraw, D.S., Vinko, S.M., Ciricosta, O., Cho, B.I., Engelhorn, K., Chung, H.-K., Brown, C.R.D., Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Falcone, R.W., Graves, C., Hájková, V., Higginbotham, A., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, H.J., Messerschmidt, M., Murphy, C., Ping, Y., Scherz, A., Schlotter, W., Toleikis, S., Turner, J.J., Vysin, L., Wang, T., Wu, B., Zastrau, U., Zhu, D., Nagler, B., Lee, R.W., Heimann, P.A., and Wark, J.S.

Published
2014
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4. Creation and diagnosis of a solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Vinko, S.M., Ciricosta, O., Cho, B.I., Engelhorn, K., Chung, H.-K., Brown, C.R.D., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Falcone, R.W., Graves, C., Hajkova, V., Higginbotham, A., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, H.J., Messerschmidt, M., Murphy, C.D., Ping, Y., Scherz, A., Schlotter, W., Toleikis, S., Turner, J.J., Vysin, L., Wang, T., Wu, B., Zastrau, U., Zhu, D., Lee, R.W., Heimann, P.A., Nagler, B., and Wark, J.S.

Subjects
X-ray lasers -- Usage, Free electron lasers -- Usage, Plasma (Ionized gases) -- Origin -- Chemical properties -- Atomic properties, High temperature plasmas -- Origin -- Chemical properties -- Atomic properties, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Matter with a high energy density (> [10.sup.5] joules per [cm.sup.3]) is prevalent throughout the Universe, being present in all types of stars (1) and towards the centre of the giant planets (2,3); it is also relevant for inertial confinement fusion (4). Its thermodynamic and transport properties are challenging to measure, requiring the creation of sufficiently long-lived samples at homogeneous temperatures and densities (5,6). With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser (7), high-intensity radiation (>[10.sup.17] watts per [cm.sup.2], previously the domain of optical lasers) can be produced at X-ray wavelengths. The interaction of single atoms with such intense X-rays has recently been investigated (8). An understanding of the contrasting case of intense X-ray interaction with dense systems is important from a fundamental viewpoint and for applications. Here we report the experimental creation of a solid-density plasma at temperatures in excess of [10.sup.6] kelvin on inertial-confinement time-scales using an X-ray free-electron laser. We discuss the pertinent physics of the intense X-ray-matter interactions, and illustrate the importance of electron-ion collisions. Detailed simulations of the interaction process conducted with a radiative-collisional code show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We obtain insights into the evolution of the charge state distribution of the system, the electron density and temperature, and the timescales of collisional processes. Our results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological systems, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions., The experiment was performed at the LCLS soft X-ray materials science instrument (SXR), where a 1.0-µm-thick aluminium (Al) foil was irradiated with 80-fs X-ray pulses at photon energies in the [...]

Published
2012
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5. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum

Author

Vinko, S. M., primary, Vozda, V., additional, Andreasson, J., additional, Bajt, S., additional, Bielecki, J., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupsky, J., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Desjarlais, M. P., additional, Fleckenstein, H., additional, Hajdu, J., additional, Hajkova, V., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Juha, L., additional, Kasim, M. F., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Muehlig, K., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Roling, S., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and Zacharias, H., additional

Published
2020
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7. Measurements of the K-shell opacity of a solid-density magnesium plasma heated by an X-ray free electron laser

Author

Preston, T, Vinko, S, Ciricosta, O, Hollebon, P, Chung, H, Dakovski, G, Krzywinski, J, Minitti, M, Burian, T, Chalupský, J, Hájková, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Zastrau, U, Lee, R, and Wark, J

Subjects
Electron density, Materials science, Opacity, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Magnesium, Electron shell, Free-electron laser, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, subject, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We present measurements of the spectrally-resolved X-rays emitted from solid-density magnesium targets of varying sub-μm thicknesses isochorically heated by an X-ray laser. The data exhibit a largely thickness-independent source function, allowing the extraction of a measure of the opacity to K-shell X-rays within well-defined regimes of electron density and temperature, extremely close to local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. The deduced opacities at the peak of the K-α transitions of the ions are consistent with those predicted by detailed atomic-kinetics calculations.

Published
2017

8. Clocking Femtosecond Collisional Dynamics via Resonant X-Ray Spectroscopy

Author

van den Berg, Q. Y., primary, Fernandez-Tello, E. V., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Chung, H.-K, additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Minitti, M. P., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, de la Varga, A. G., additional, Vozda, V., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Velarde, P., additional, and Vinko, S. M., additional

Published
2018
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9. Clocking Femtosecond Collisional Dynamics via Resonant X-Ray Spectroscopy

Author

Van den Berg, Q. Y., Vázquez Fernández Tello, Elisa Alejandra, Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Chung, H.-K, Ciricosta, O., Dakovski, G. L., Hájková, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, R.W., Minitti, M. P., Preston, T. R., García de la Varga, Alberto, Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Wark, J. S., Velarde Mayol, Pedro, Vinko, S. M., Van den Berg, Q. Y., Vázquez Fernández Tello, Elisa Alejandra, Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Chung, H.-K, Ciricosta, O., Dakovski, G. L., Hájková, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, R.W., Minitti, M. P., Preston, T. R., García de la Varga, Alberto, Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Wark, J. S., Velarde Mayol, Pedro, and Vinko, S. M.

Abstract

Electron-ion collisional dynamics is of fundamental importance in determining plasma transport properties, nonequilibrium plasma evolution, and electron damage in diffraction imaging applications using bright x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Here we describe the first experimental measurements of ultrafast electron impact collisional ionization dynamics using resonant core-hole spectroscopy in a solid-density magnesium plasma, created and diagnosed with the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray FEL. By resonantly pumping the 1s→2p transition in highly charged ions within an optically thin plasma, we have measured how off-resonance charge states are populated via collisional processes on femtosecond time scales. We present a collisional cross section model that matches our results and demonstrates how the cross sections are enhanced by dense-plasma effects including continuum lowering. Nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium collisional radiative simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental results and provide new insight on collisional ionization and three-body-recombination processes in the dense-plasma regime.

Published
2018

10. Plasma evolution and continuum lowering in hot dense matter generated by X-ray free electron lasers

Author

Ciricosta, O and Wark, J

Subjects
Atomic and laser physics
Abstract

The advent of the 4th generation X-ray sources paves the way for a new phase of experimental investigation of Hot-Dense plasmas. At the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), pulses of keV X-rays, shorter than 100 fs, and with intensities up to 1018 W·cm-2, are routinely produced, allowing for the production of uniform samples of solid-density plasmas. The simple single-photon X-ray absorption mechanism can be easily modelled, so that the plasma conditions can be accurately retrieved, without relying on diagnostic techniques that are not benchmarked in this high density regime. The work presented here describes the results of the first experiment where the LCLS interacts with a solid Al target, isochorically heating it at temperatures up to 190 eV. The system is described by the SCFLY non-LTE model, where the density and temperature are computed self consistently, as a consequence of the detailed atomic processes, rather than imposed by the user. The approximations affecting the simulations are discussed in detail. The code is first validated, by modelling the charge state distribution measured in a previous experiment (L. Young et. al), where the LCLS interacts with a Ne gas, a simplified (collisionless) problem. Then it is used to model the K-alpha spectroscopic data obtained for Al. The plasma evolution, explained by SCFLY simulations, is found to be primarily determined by collisions, whose visible effects on the experimental spectra are discussed. By varying the wavelength of the laser and observing the change in the K-alpha fluorescence, the K-edges for different ions in the plasma were determined, leading to a charge resolved measurement of continuum lowering in the HDM system. The results disagree with the widely used Stewart-Pyatt model, with the disagreement increasing for higher charge states, but are consistent with the older Ecker-Kroell model. These results have profound implications for dense plasma modelling.

Published
2016

11. Simulations of the time and space-resolved X-ray transmission of a free-electron-laser-heated aluminium plasma

Author

Rackstraw, D, Vinko, S, Ciricosta, O, Chung, H-K, Lee, RW, and Wark, J

Subjects
free-electron laser, x-ray
Abstract

We present simulations of the time and space-resolved transmission of a solid-density aluminium plasma as it is created and probed with the focussed output of an x-ray free-electron-laser with photon energies ranging from the K-edge of the cold material (1560 eV) to 1880 eV. We demonstrate how information about the temporal evolution of the charge states within the system can be extracted from the spatially resolved, yet time-integrated transmission images. We propose that such time-resolved measurements could in principle be performed with recently developed split-and-delay techniques.

Published
2016
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13. Measurements of the K -Shell Opacity of a Solid-Density Magnesium Plasma Heated by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Preston, T. R., primary, Vinko, S. M., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Juha, L., additional, Vozda, V., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2017
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14. Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser

Author

Cho, B. I., primary, Cho, M. S., additional, Kim, M., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Barbrel, B., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Holmes, M., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Nam, Chang Hee, additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Vinko, S. M., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Heimann, P. A., additional

Published
2017
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15. A self-injection acceleration test experiment for the FLAME laser

Author

Labate, L, Anelli, F, Bacci, A, Batani, D, Bellaveglia, M, Benedetti, C, Benocci, R, Cacciotti, L, Cecchetti, C, Ciricosta, O, Clozza, A, Cultrera, L, Di Pirro, G, Drenska, N, Faccini, R, Ferrario, M, Filippetto, D, Gallo, S, Fioravanti, S, Gamucci, A, Gatti, G, Ghigo, A, Giulietti, A, Giulietti, D, Koster, P, Levato, T, Lollo, V, Pace, E, Pathak, N, Rossi, A, Serafini, L, Turchetti, G, Vaccarezza, C, Valente, P, Vicario, C, Gizzi, L, Labate L., Anelli F., Bacci A., Batani D., Bellaveglia M., Benedetti C., Benocci R., Cacciotti L., Cecchetti C. A., Ciricosta O., Clozza A., Cultrera L., Di Pirro G., Drenska N., Faccini R., Ferrario M., Filippetto D., Gallo S., Fioravanti S., Gamucci A., Gatti G., Ghigo A., Giulietti A., Giulietti D., Koster P., Levato T., Lollo V., Pace E., Pathak N., Rossi A., Serafini L., Turchetti G., Vaccarezza C., Valente P., Vicario C., Gizzi L. A., Labate, L, Anelli, F, Bacci, A, Batani, D, Bellaveglia, M, Benedetti, C, Benocci, R, Cacciotti, L, Cecchetti, C, Ciricosta, O, Clozza, A, Cultrera, L, Di Pirro, G, Drenska, N, Faccini, R, Ferrario, M, Filippetto, D, Gallo, S, Fioravanti, S, Gamucci, A, Gatti, G, Ghigo, A, Giulietti, A, Giulietti, D, Koster, P, Levato, T, Lollo, V, Pace, E, Pathak, N, Rossi, A, Serafini, L, Turchetti, G, Vaccarezza, C, Valente, P, Vicario, C, Gizzi, L, Labate L., Anelli F., Bacci A., Batani D., Bellaveglia M., Benedetti C., Benocci R., Cacciotti L., Cecchetti C. A., Ciricosta O., Clozza A., Cultrera L., Di Pirro G., Drenska N., Faccini R., Ferrario M., Filippetto D., Gallo S., Fioravanti S., Gamucci A., Gatti G., Ghigo A., Giulietti A., Giulietti D., Koster P., Levato T., Lollo V., Pace E., Pathak N., Rossi A., Serafini L., Turchetti G., Vaccarezza C., Valente P., Vicario C., and Gizzi L. A.

Abstract

A 250-TW laser system (FLAME - Frascati laser for acceleration and multidisciplinary experiments) is now in its commissioning phase in a new laboratory at LNF-INFN in the framework of the PLASMONX (Plasma acceleration and monochromatic X-ray generation) project. The laser will deliver25fs duration pulses with an energy up to 6J, at a 10Hz repetition rate. An ad hoc target area has also been designed and is currently being set up, allowing the first test experiments of electron laser wakefield acceleration to be carried out over the next few months in a safe, radiation-protected environment. An overview of the main features of the laser system and target area is given, along with a survey of the design and set-up of the self-injection test experiment, which is expected to reach the production of sub-GeV electron bunches.

Published
2010

16. BLISS@CNR-Pisa: A flexible laser for small scale test experiments on fusion oriented physics

Author

Ciricosta, O, Labate, L, Atzeni, S, Barbini, A, Batani, D, Benocci, R, Cornolti, F, Galimberti, M, Gaudio, P, Giulietti, D, Gizzi, L, Martellucci, S, Richetta, M, Schiavi, A, Vaselli, M, Giulietti, A, Ciricosta O., Labate L., Atzeni S., Barbini A., Batani D., Benocci R., Cornolti F., Galimberti M., Gaudio P., Giulietti D., Gizzi L. A., Martellucci S., Richetta M., Schiavi A., Vaselli M., Giulietti A., Ciricosta, O, Labate, L, Atzeni, S, Barbini, A, Batani, D, Benocci, R, Cornolti, F, Galimberti, M, Gaudio, P, Giulietti, D, Gizzi, L, Martellucci, S, Richetta, M, Schiavi, A, Vaselli, M, Giulietti, A, Ciricosta O., Labate L., Atzeni S., Barbini A., Batani D., Benocci R., Cornolti F., Galimberti M., Gaudio P., Giulietti D., Gizzi L. A., Martellucci S., Richetta M., Schiavi A., Vaselli M., and Giulietti A.

Abstract

By the year 2010 a new laser will be operational at the CNR Campus in Pisa. The laser system will deliver two beams each one providing 1-ns 50-joule pulses of high optical quality and full control of phase. The major feature of the system is its spectral and time shape flexibility ranging from narrowband single mode operation to broadband operation with pulse tailoring. According to previous experiments and recent simulations, these features could critically determine the laser-pellet coupling in the different approaches to laser fusion. The physics involved in the different coupling processes is still not fully investigated experimentally. The BLISS laser, combined with the rest of the ILIL experimental facility, including ultrafast optical probing, time resolved optical X-ray diagnostics and particle detection could contribute to this investigation with ad hoc small scale experiments. The main features of the innovative BLISS laser front end for broadband operation are shown, together with the amplification chain and the main features of the experimental installation. Data from simulations providing a useful input for future experiments are also presented. BLISS is expected to contribute to the preparatory phase of the large scale European HiPER project.

Published
2010

18. Measurements of continuum lowering in solid-density plasmas created from elements and compounds

Author

Ciricosta, O., primary, Vinko, S. M., additional, Barbrel, B., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Cho, B. I., additional, Chung, H. -K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Heimann, P., additional, Holmes, M., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2016
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20. Atomic processes modeling of X-ray free electron laser produced plasmas using SCFLY code.

Author

Chung, H.-K., Cho, B. I., Ciricosta, O., Vinko, S. M., Wark, J. S., and Lee, R. W.

Subjects
FREE electron lasers, ELECTRON impact ionization, X-rays, EQUILIBRIUM plasmas, PHOTONS
Abstract

With the development of X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL), a novel state of matter of highly transient and non-equilibrium plasma has been created in laboratories. As high intensity X-ray laser beams interact with a solid density target, electrons are ionized from inner-shell orbitals and these electrons and XFEL photons create dense and finite temperature plasmas. In order to study atomic processes in XFEL driven plasmas, the atomic kinetics model SCFLY containing an extensive set of configurations needed for solid density plasmas was applied to study atomic processes of XFEL driven systems. The code accepts the time-dependent conditions of the XFEL as input parameters, and computes time-dependent population distributions and ionization distributions self-consistently with electron temperatures and densities assuming an instantaneous equilibration of electron energies. The methods and assumptions in the atomic kinetics model and unique aspects of atomic processes in XFEL driven plasmas are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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21. Laser-plasma coupling in the shock-ignition intensity regime

Author

Antonelli, L., Batani, D., Patria, A., Ciricosta, O., Cecchetti, C. A., Koester, P., Labate, L., Giulietti, A., Gizzi, L. A., Moretti, A., Richetta, M., Giuffrida, L., Torrisi Lorenzo, Kozlová, M., Nejdl, J., Sawicka, M., Margarone, D., Rus, B., Schurtz, G., Ribeyre, X., Lafon, M., Spindloe, C., and O, T.

Subjects
X-ray deflectometry, Mechanics of Materials, X-ray deflectometr, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Inertial confinement fusion, Laser-driven shock, Parametric instabilities, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Inertial confinement fusion, parametric instabilities, Inertial confinement fusion, Laser-driven shock, parametric instabilities, X-ray deflectometr
Abstract

A novel approach to ICF called shock ignition, that relies on delivery of a very strong shock created by a laser pulse at intensities around 10 16 W cm-2, is investigated. In this context, an experiment using two beams from the Prague Asterix Laser System with time duration of 300 ps was performed at the PALS laboratory. The first beam at low intensity was used to create extended preformed plasma, and the second one to create a strong shock. Several diagnostics were used to characterize the preformed plasma and the interaction of the main pulse with the target. © 2011 Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR, v.v.i.

Published
2011

23. Investigation of femtosecond collisional ionization rates in a solid-density aluminium plasma

Author

Vinko, S. M., primary, Ciricosta, O., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Brown, C.R.D., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Cho, B. I., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fiokovinini, R., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Heimann, P. A., additional, Juha, L., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Messerschmidt, M., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Schlotter, W., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Vysin, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2015
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24. The creation of large-volume, gradient-free warm dense matter with an x-ray free-electron laser

Author

Lévy, A., primary, Audebert, P., additional, Shepherd, R., additional, Dunn, J., additional, Cammarata, M., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Deneuville, F., additional, Dorchies, F., additional, Fajardo, M., additional, Fourment, C., additional, Fritz, D., additional, Fuchs, J., additional, Gaudin, J., additional, Gauthier, M., additional, Graf, A., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Lemke, H., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Park, J., additional, Peyrusse, O., additional, Steel, A. B., additional, Vinko, S. M., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Williams, G. O., additional, Zhu, D., additional, and Lee, R. W., additional

Published
2015
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25. A self-injection acceleration test experiment for the FLAME laser

Author

Labate L., Anelli F., Bacci A., Batani D., Bellaveglia M., Benedetti C., Benocci R., Cacciotti L., Cecchetti C. A., Ciricosta O., Clozza A., Cultrera L., Di Pirro G., Drenska N., Faccini R., Ferrario M., Filippetto D., Gallo S., Fioravanti S., and Gamucci A.

Subjects
laser-plasma accelerations, laser wakefield acceleration, Thomson scattering
Abstract

A 250-TW laser system (FLAME - Frascati laser for acceleration and multidisciplinary experiments) is now in its commissioning phase in a new laboratory at LNF-INFN in the framework of the PLASMONX (Plasma acceleration and monochromatic X-ray generation) project. The laser will deliver25fs duration pulses with an energy up to 6J, at a 10Hz repetition rate. An ad hoc target area has also been designed and is currently being set up, allowing the first test experiments of electron laser wakefield acceleration to be carried out over the next few months in a safe, radiation-protected environment. An overview of the main features of the laser system and target area is given, along with a survey of the design and set-up of the self-injection test experiment, which is expected to reach the production of sub-GeV electron bunches.

Published
2010

27. Laser-plasma coupling in the shock-ignition intensity regime Part 1

Author

Batani, D, Antonelli, L, Patria, A, Ciricosta, O, Cecchetti, C, Koester, P, Labate, L, Giulietti, A, Gizzi, L, Moretti, A, Richetta, M, Torrisi, L, Kozlova, M, Marangone, D, Nejdl, J, Schurtz, G, Ribeyre, X, Lafon, M, Splindoe, C, and Odell, T

Subjects
Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale
Published
2010

30. Laser-plasma coupling in the shock- ignition intensity regime

Author

Batani, D, Antonelle, L, Patria, A, Ciricosta, O, Cecchetti, C, Koester, P, Labate, L, Giulietti, A, Gizzi, L, Moretti, A, Richetta, M, Giuffrida, L, Torrisi, Kozlov, M, Nejdl, N, Sawicka, M, Margarone, D, Rus, B, Schurtz, G, Ribeyre, X, Lafon, M, Splindoe, C, and Odell, T

Subjects
Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale
Published
2010

32. Saturable Absorption of an X-Ray Free-Electron-Laser Heated Solid-Density Aluminum Plasma

Author

Rackstraw, D. S., primary, Ciricosta, O., additional, Vinko, S. M., additional, Barbrel, B., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Cho, B. I., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Heimann, P., additional, Holmes, M., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2015
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34. ResonantKαSpectroscopy of Solid-Density Aluminum Plasmas

Author

Cho, B. I., primary, Engelhorn, K., additional, Vinko, S. M., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Brown, C. R. D., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Graves, C., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Messersmidt, M., additional, Murphy, C., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Rohringer, N., additional, Scherz, A., additional, Schlotter, W., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Vysin, L., additional, Wang, T., additional, Wu, B., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Zhu, D., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and Heimann, P. A., additional

Published
2012
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35. Direct Measurements of the Ionization Potential Depression in a Dense Plasma

Author

Ciricosta, O., primary, Vinko, S. M., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Cho, B.-I., additional, Brown, C. R. D., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Graves, C., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Messerschmidt, M., additional, Murphy, C. D., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Scherz, A., additional, Schlotter, W., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Vysin, L., additional, Wang, T., additional, Wu, B., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Zhu, D., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Heimann, P., additional, Nagler, B., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2012
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36. Spectroscopic studies of hard x-ray free-electron laser-heated foils at 1016Wcm-2irradiances

Author

Dunn, J., primary, Shepherd, R., additional, Graf, A., additional, Steel, A., additional, Park, J., additional, Moon, S. J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Audebert, P., additional, Levy, A., additional, Gauthier, M., additional, Fuchs, J., additional, Fritz, D. M., additional, Cammarata, M., additional, Milathianaki, D., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Fourment, C., additional, Deneuville, F., additional, Williams, G., additional, Fajardo, M., additional, Gaudin, J., additional, Vinko, S., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Wark, J., additional, and Chung, H. K., additional

Published
2011
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38. Investigation of laser plasmas relevant to shock ignition at PALS

Author

Nejdl, J., primary, Kozlová, M., additional, Sawicka, M., additional, Margarone, D., additional, Krus, M., additional, Prokupek, J., additional, Rus, B., additional, Batani, D., additional, Antonelli, L., additional, Patria, A., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Cecchetti, C., additional, Koester, P., additional, Labate, L., additional, Giulietti, A., additional, Gizzi, L. A., additional, Moretti, A., additional, Richetta, M., additional, Schurtz, G., additional, Ribeyre, X., additional, Lafon, M., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, and O'Dell, T., additional

Published
2011
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39. A self-injection acceleration test experiment for the FLAME laser

Author

Labate, L., primary, Anelli, F., additional, Bacci, A., additional, Batani, D., additional, Bellaveglia, M., additional, Benedetti, C., additional, Benocci, R., additional, Cacciotti, L., additional, Cecchetti, C. A., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Clozza, A., additional, Cultrera, L., additional, Di Pirro, G., additional, Drenska, N., additional, Faccini, R., additional, Ferrario, M., additional, Filippetto, D., additional, Gallo, S., additional, Fioravanti, S., additional, Gamucci, A., additional, Gatti, G., additional, Ghigo, A., additional, Giulietti, A., additional, Giulietti, D., additional, Köster, P., additional, Levato, T., additional, Lollo, V., additional, Pace, E., additional, Pathak, N., additional, Rossi, A., additional, Serafini, L., additional, Turchetti, G., additional, Vaccarezza, C., additional, Valente, P., additional, Vicario, C., additional, and Gizzi, L. A., additional

Published
2010
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40. BLISS@CNR-Pisa: a flexible laser for small scale test experiments on fusion oriented physics

Author

Ciricosta, O., primary, Labate, L., additional, Atzeni, S., additional, Barbini, A., additional, Batani, D., additional, Benocci, R., additional, Cornolti, F., additional, Galimberti, M., additional, Gaudio, P., additional, Giulietti, D., additional, Gizzi, L. A., additional, Martellucci, S., additional, Richetta, M., additional, Schiavi, A., additional, Vaselli, M., additional, Giulietti, A., additional, Gamucci, Andrea, additional, Giulietti, Antonio, additional, and Labate, Luca, additional

Published
2010
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41. Fabrication of 3-μm diameter pin hole array (PHA) on thick W substrates

Author

Levato, T., primary, Pathak, N. C., additional, Cecchetti, C. A., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Koester, P., additional, Labate, L., additional, Giulietti, A., additional, Giulietti, D., additional, De Angelis, F., additional, Di Fabrizio, E., additional, Delogu, P., additional, Gizzi, L. A., additional, Gamucci, Andrea, additional, Giulietti, Antonio, additional, and Labate, Luca, additional

Published
2010
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42. High-Charge, Multi-MeV Electron Bunches Accelerated in Moderate Laser-Plasma Interaction Regime

Author

Cecchetti, C. A., primary, Betti, S., additional, Gamucci, A., additional, Giulietti, A., additional, Giulietti, D., additional, Koester, P., additional, Labate, L., additional, Patak, N., additional, Vittori, F., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Gizzi, L. A., additional, Gamucci, Andrea, additional, Giulietti, Antonio, additional, and Labate, Luca, additional

Published
2010
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43. BLISS@CNR-Pisa: a flexible laser for small scale test experiments on fusion oriented physics.

Author

Ciricosta, O., Labate, L., Atzeni, S., Barbini, A., Batani, D., Benocci, R., Cornolti, F., Galimberti, M., Gaudio, P., Giulietti, D., Gizzi, L. A., Martellucci, S., Richetta, M., Schiavi, A., Vaselli, M., and Giulietti, A.

Subjects
*LASERS, *PHYSICS, *PHYSICAL sciences, *LASER beams, *SPECTRAL energy distribution
Abstract

By the year 2010 a new laser will be operational at the CNR Campus in Pisa. The laser system will deliver two beams each one providing 1-ns 50-joule pulses of high optical quality and full control of phase. The major feature of the system is its spectral and time shape flexibility ranging from narrowband single mode operation to broadband operation with pulse tailoring. According to previous experiments and recent simulations, these features could critically determine the laser-pellet coupling in the different approaches to laser fusion. The physics involved in the different coupling processes is still not fully investigated experimentally. The BLISS laser, combined with the rest of the ILIL experimental facility, including ultrafast optical probing, time resolved optical X-ray diagnostics and particle detection could contribute to this investigation with ad hoc small scale experiments. The main features of the innovative BLISS laser front end for broadband operation are shown, together with the amplification chain and the main features of the experimental installation. Data from simulations providing a useful input for future experiments are also presented. BLISS is expected to contribute to the preparatory phase of the large scale European HiPER project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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44. High-Charge, Multi-MeV Electron Bunches Accelerated in Moderate Laser-Plasma Interaction Regime.

Author

Cecchetti, C. A., Betti, S., Gamucci, A., Giulietti, A., Giulietti, D., Koester, P., Labate, L., Patak, N., Vittori, F., Ciricosta, O., and Gizzi, L. A.

Subjects
ELECTRONS, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), INTERFEROMETRY, THOMSON scattering, MAGNETIC spectrometer, LASER beams
Abstract

Experiments [1], and simulations[2] have shown that quasi-monoenergetic electron bunches can be accelerated from the background electron plasma population up to relativistic energies. Theoretical work [3] indicated that with a proper choice of laser, plasma, and injection parameters the acceleration of electron bunches with small energy spread and short bunch length can occur in moderate intensity regime. Here we present the results of an experiment on electron acceleration carried out at the IPCF-CNR’s Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory in Pisa [4], within a wide national collaboration leaded by INFN named PLASMONX [5]. High-charge, multi-MeV electron bunches were accelerated in moderated intensity regime by focusing the laser beam on a laminar gaseous target produced by a supersonic gas-jet. The laser-gas interaction was studied via interferometry, and Thomson scattering while the electron bunches were detected and characterised using a phosphor screen coupled with a magnetic spectrometer or a dosimetric detector. In some cases highly collimated electron bunches with moderate energy spread were observed, while the generation of high-charge, MeV energies electron bunches were obtained with high reproducibility for each gases tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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45. Fabrication of 3-μm diameter pin hole array (PHA) on thick W substrates.

Author

Levato, T., Pathak, N. C., Cecchetti, C. A., Ciricosta, O., Koester, P., Labate, L., Giulietti, A., Giulietti, D., De Angelis, F., Di Fabrizio, E., Delogu, P., and Gizzi, L. A.

Subjects
X-rays, LASER plasmas, IMAGING systems, LASERS, LASER beams
Abstract

Pin-hole arrays are used for a variety of applications including, for example, X-ray imaging of laser-plasmas for fusion relevant studies [1]. More recently, a novel X-ray imaging technique has been proposed (this conference L. A. Gizzi et al.) within the High Power Laser Energy Research Facility (HiPER) to obtain spectrally resolved X-ray imaging [2] using single photon detection [3]. This technique requires a large number of images or, alternatively, large arrays of pin-holes, possibly with very small diameter («10 μm) [4]. In view of this, a technique was implemented for the fabrication of large arrays of pin-holes in thick metal substrates. Here we report on the optimizations of the laser-matter interaction process to obtain high aspect ratio cylinder-like pin-hole on heavy metal substrate by using a frequency-doubled Ti:Sa femtosecond laser pulses operating at 10 Hz. The influence of an air breakdown and a (ns)prepulse, on the drilled pin-hole, is showed by means of SEM images both for surface effects and internal quality of the channels, with evidence of micro and nano-sized structures. The holes drilled at an intensity just below the laser breakdown threshold for plasma creation in air, have an internal diameter of about 3 μm on a W substrate of 70 μm thickness, a micro-cylinder-like shape and no detectable deviations of the axis from a straight line. Arrays of up to 800 pin-holes were produced with the pin-hole properties being highly stable across the array. The final X-ray transmission is showed by using a μ-focus X-ray source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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46. Investigation of laser plasmas relevant to shock ignition at PALS

Author

Nejdl, J., Kozlová, M., Sawicka, M., Margarone, D., Krus, M., Prokupek, J., Rus, B., Batani, D., Antonelli, L., Patria, A., Ciricosta, O., Cecchetti, C., Koester, P., Labate, L., Giulietti, A., Gizzi, L. A., Moretti, A., Richetta, M., Schurtz, G., Ribeyre, X., Lafon, M., Spindloe, C., and O'Dell, T.

Abstract

We present the results of an experiment concerning laser-plasma interaction in the regime relevant to shock ignition. The interaction of high-intensity frequency tripled laser pulse with CH plasma preformed by lower intensity pre-pulse on fundamental wavelength of the kJ-class iodine laser was investigated in the planar geometry in order to estimate the coupling of the laser energy to the shock wave or parametric instabilities such as stimulated Raman or Brillouin scattering, or to the fast electrons. First the complete characterization of the hydrodynamic parameters of preformed plasma was made using crystal spectrometer to estimate the electron temperature and XUV probe to resolve the electron density profile close to the critical density region. The other part of the experiment consisted of the shock chronometry, calorimetry of the back-scattered light and hard X-ray spectrometry to evaluate the coupling to different processes. The preliminary analysis of the measurements showed rather low energy transfer of the high-intensity pulse to back-scattered light (< 5%) and no traces of any significant hot electron production were found in the X-ray spectra.

Published
2011
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49. Resonant Ka Spectroscopy of Solid-Density Aluminum Plasmas.

Author

Cho, B. I., Engelhorn, K., Vinko, S. M., Chung, H.-K., Ciricosta, O., Rackstraw, D. S., Falcone, R. W., Brown, C. R. D., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Graves, C., Hájková, V., Higginbotham, A., Juha, L., Krzywinskj, J., Lee, H. J., Messersmidt, M., Murphy, C., Ping, Y., and Rohringer, N.

Subjects
*X-rays in industry, *FREE electron lasers, *PHOTONS, *PICOSECOND pulses, *ALUMINUM, *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
Abstract

The x-ray intensities made available by x-ray free electron lasers (FEL) open up new x-ray matter interaction channels not accessible with previous sources. We report here on the resonant generation of Ka emission, that is to say the production of copious Ka radiation by tuning the x-ray FEL pulse to photon energies below that of the K edge of a solid aluminum sample. The sequential absorption of multiple photons in the same atom during the 80 fs pulse, with photons creating L-shell holes and then one resonantly exciting a K-shell electron into one of these holes, opens up a channel for the Ka production, as well as the absorption of further photons. We demonstrate rich spectra of such channels, and investigate the emission produced by tuning the FEL energy to the K-L transitions of those highly charged ions that have transition energies below the K edge of the cold material. The spectra are sensitive to x-ray intensity dependent opacity effects, with ions containing L-shell holes readily reabsorbing the Ka radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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50. A self-injection acceleration test experiment for the FLAME laser

Author

Giorgio Turchetti, Andrea Rossi, Marco Bellaveglia, S. Fioravanti, G. Gatti, N. Drenska, Alberto Bacci, Luca Serafini, Cristina Vaccarezza, Carlo Benedetti, Tadzio Levato, F. Anelli, Roberto Benocci, Alberto Clozza, S. Gallo, Daniele Filippetto, L. Labate, L. Cultrera, A. Ghigo, P. Valente, Danilo Giulietti, G. Di Pirro, C. A. Cecchetti, C. Vicario, P. Köster, R. Faccini, L. A. Gizzi, L. Cacciotti, Emanuele Pace, Dimitri Batani, V. Lollo, Massimo Ferrario, A. Gamucci, O. Ciricosta, N. Pathak, Antonio Giulietti, Labate, L, Anelli, F, Bacci, A, Batani, D, Bellaveglia, M, Benedetti, C, Benocci, R, Cacciotti, L, Cecchetti, C, Ciricosta, O, Clozza, A, Cultrera, L, Di Pirro, G, Drenska, N, Faccini, R, Ferrario, M, Filippetto, D, Gallo, S, Fioravanti, S, Gamucci, A, Gatti, G, Ghigo, A, Giulietti, A, Giulietti, D, Koster, P, Levato, T, Lollo, V, Pace, E, Pathak, N, Rossi, A, Serafini, L, Turchetti, G, Vaccarezza, C, Valente, P, Vicario, C, and Gizzi, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, business.industry, Thomson scattering, laser wakefield acceleration, laser-plasma accelerations, thomson scattering, Phase (waves), Laser wakefield acceleration, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma acceleration, Laser, law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, law, General Materials Science, Monochromatic color, business, Energy (signal processing), Laser-plasma acceleration
Abstract

A 250-TW laser system (FLAME - Frascati laser for acceleration and multidisciplinary experiments) is now in its commissioning phase in a new laboratory at LNF-INFN in the framework of the PLASMONX (Plasma acceleration and monochromatic X-ray generation) project. The laser will deliver < 25 fs duration pulses with an energy up to 6J, at a 10Hz repetition rate. An ad hoc target area has also been designed and is currently being set up, allowing the first test experiments of electron laser wakefield acceleration to be carried out over the next few months in a safe, radiation-protected environment. An overview of the main features of the laser system and target area is given, along with a survey of the design and set-up of the self-injection test experiment, which is expected to reach the production of sub-GeV electron bunches. © 2010 Taylor and Francis.

Published
2010
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