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A species of Aphis collected in a low-altitude Chilean locality in the region of Coquimbo and in two high-altitude Argentinian locations in the Mendoza province on plants of the genus Tropaeolum (Brassicales: Tropaeolaceae) is described from apterous and alate viviparous females and is named as Aphis tropaeoli Nieto Nafría and Brown, sp. n.. Similarities of and differences between 71 species known in South America belonging to five genera of the subtribe Aphidina (Aphidinae, Aphidini) are presented in a partial identification key; the new species is most similar to Aphis berberidorum Ortego & Mier Durante. The new species must be able to live on several species of Tropaeolum and may be widespread in a large area of South America. It is recommended the monitoring plants of Tropaeolum species used in gardening anywhere in the World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specimens from Southern Chile belonging to two undescribed aphid species held at the Natural History Museum in London have been studied. Aphis luzuriagae sp. n. collected on Luzuriaga radicans and on other unidentified Luzuriaga species (Alstroemeriaceae) is described from apterous and alate viviparous females. Aphis gaultheriae sp. n. collected on Gaultheria mucronata (Ericaceae) is described from apterous viviparous females. Taxonomic peculiarities of both species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Delfinoia Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante gen. n. is established, and Utamphorophora peruviana (Essig), originally Amphorophora peruviana and currently Delfinoia peruviana comb. n. , is designated species type of the genus. The synonymy between this species and Wahlgreniella australis Delfino syn. n. is established. Apterous and alate viviparous females of D. peruviana are redescribed; the male is also described. The species is currently known from Peru and Argentina; a plant of the genus Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae) is the only identified host.

Aphis species living on the South American native genus Mulinum are studied. Aphis vurilocensis Nieto Nafría, Brown and López Ciruelos, sp. n. is described from apterous viviparous females. Alate viviparous females, oviparous females and winged males of Aphis roberti are described. Knowledge of intraspecific variability of apterous viviparous females of A. martinezi, A. paravanoi and A. roberti is developed. An identification key of apterous viviparous females of Aphis species living on Mulinum is presented.

Three species of Aphis living on species of Euphorbia in Argentina and Chile are described: Aphis tehuelchis Nieto Nafría & López Ciruelos, sp. n., from viviparous females collected in the Argentinean provinces of Santa Cruz and Neuquén, Aphis maulensis Mier Durante & García-Tejero, sp. n., from viviparous females collected in the Chilean Region VII, and Aphis eucollinae López Ciruelos & Ortego, sp. n., from viviparous females, oviparous females and males collected in the Argentinean province of Mendoza. These new species may be distinguished from each other, besides other features, by the abdominal marginal tubercles: in A. tehuelchis these are present on segments 1 and 7 and on several of segments 2 to 6, in A. maulensis they are on segment 1 and on several segments 2 to 6, but lacking on segment 7, and in A. eucollinae they are only on segments 1 and 7. Differences between the new species and those currently known living on Euphorbia around the world are presented.