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Some sand fly species are the vectors responsible for the transmission of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, and in the state of Sergipe, the two main forms of the disease (visceral and cutaneous) are recorded. Few works show information about the species that form the Phlebotominae fauna in Sergipe. This study aimed to update and determine how they are distributed throughout the state. The study used data from surveys about phlebotomines in Sergipe, from the Program of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis, carried out by the Central Public Health Laboratory of Sergipe, from 2008 to 2018, along with review and original data from 2022. The commentary on this information was developed with focus on the species that can be vectors for the disease. Sergipe has, up to now, 27 registered species of phlebotomines from 12 genera, 15 of them are of sanitary relevance. Twenty two of these species are in the mesoregion East, 19 in the Agreste, and 11 in the Sertão of Sergipe. The species with the greatest distribution was Evandromyia lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), present in 74.6% of the municipalities of Sergipe, followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), the main vector of the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, present in 68% of the municipalities studied. This study expands the number and distribution of species recorded in the state. This information can contribute to disease containment plans and support health education actions aimed at the control of leishmaniasis in Sergipe.

Avaliar como as mulheres em área metropolitana do Nordeste brasileiro sentem e compreendem a menopausa. Estudo misto, com 417 mulheres de 40 a 60 anos no qual se utilizou um roteiro de questões socioeconômicas, ginecológicas/obstétricas, morbidades, medicações e sexualidade, além do Female Sexual Function Index e Menopause Rating Scale. A menopausa, constatada em 56,6% das mulheres com média de idade de 50,4±5,7 anos, teve sintomatologia associada severa (falta de ar, suor, calor e ansiedade); 52,5% apresentaram dúvidas ou falta de conhecimento sobre a menopausa, e 44,6%, redução na função sexual, que se correlacionou negativamente com a idade (r= -0,208; p

Objective This study aimed to analyze the demands and use of health services by international migratory clusters in the metropolitan region of Aracaju, Sergipe. Method A total of 186 immigrants were recruited, and divided into clusters according to the country of origin and continent. An epidemiological questionnaire on health conditions and care-related. Results Low and low middle income country immigrants (LMI) are younger, with lower length of stay in Brazil, elementary education, working without a formal contract, with an income of up to 1 minimum wage (p

The Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus brasiliensis is an epipelagic species with coastal habits and is a fundamental part of artisanal fishing along the Brazilian coast as a species with high economic value. The present work aimed to report the first occurrence of Cybicola buccatus (Copepoda) in S. brasiliensis in northeastern Brazil. The fish were purchased at the public terminal in Aracaju/SE between March 2016 and June 2019 and transported to the laboratory for identification, necropsy and parasite collection. Of the sixteen fish analysed, six were parasitized by C. buccatus with a prevalence of 37.50%, an mean intensity of 1.33 and an mean abundance of 0.50. This occurrence is a new record of this ectoparasite for the locality, as it had not yet been reported in S. brasiliensis on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The results presented here contribute to the existing knowledge about the distribution of this copepod and the parasitic fish fauna along the Brazilian coast.

The objective was to analyze the periodontal condition severity and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of an adult population of an Afrodescent Community of northeastern Brazil. This is an observational and cross- sectional study performed through an oral clinical examination, using a standardized clinical record. For the subjects with periodontal disease, the bacterial biofilm was collected in a Petri dish containing 0.9% physiological solution to detect the presence of microorganisms Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, and later observed under an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence of periodontal disease and the frequency of the protozoa in the bacterial biofilm. Statistical significance of the relationships researched was verified by Fisher's exact test. It was evaluated 29 subjects pertaining to the Quilombola Patioba community, aged 35 to 44 years. The results showed that among the adults of the community, there was a high prevalence of periodontal disease (75.86%), being higher in the 1st and 6th sextants of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). E. gingivalis positivity occurred in most sextants affected by gingivitis, while in the condition of periodontitis, this microorganism was not present in the 3rd, 4th and 6th sextants. In all sextants affected by periodontal disease, T. Tenax was observed when associated with gingivitis. It is worth mentioning the begging of the elaboration of health policies, social and professional commitment that foster a greater promotion of oral health and quality of life for the quilombolas of northeastern Brazil. Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la severidad de la condición periodontal y la aparición de microorganismos patógenos en la cavidad oral de una población adulta de una comunidad afrodescente del noreste de Brasil. Este es un estudio observacional y transversal realizado a través de un examen clínico oral, utilizando un registro clínico estandarizado. Para los sujetos con enfermedad periodontal, la biopelícula bacteriana se recogió en una placa de Petri que contenía una solución fisiológica al 0,9% para detectar la presencia de microorganismos Entamoeba gingivalis y Trichomonas tenax, y luego se observó bajo un microscopio óptico. El análisis estadístico se realizó calculando la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal y la frecuencia de los protozoos en la biopelícula bacteriana. La significación estadística de las relaciones investigadas se verificó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se evaluaron 29 sujetos pertenecientes a la comunidad Quilombola Patioba, de 35 a 44 años. Los resultados mostraron que entre los adultos de la comunidad, hubo una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal (75.86%), siendo mayor en el sexto sexto y sexto del Índice periodontal comunitario (IPC). La positividad de E. gingivalis se produjo en la mayoría de los sextantes afectados por gingivitis, mientras que en la condición de periodontitis, este microorganismo no estaba presente en los sextantes tercero, cuarto y sexto. En todos los sextantes afectados por enfermedad periodontal, se observó T. Tenax cuando se asoció con gingivitis. Vale la pena mencionar el inicio de la elaboración de políticas de salud, compromiso social y profesional que promuevan una mayor promoción de la salud oral y la calidad de vida de las quilombolas del noreste de Brasil.

The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.

Justificativa e Objetivos: As infecções oportunistas vêm se mostrando relevantes em pacientes com a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana, por potencializar agravos ao estado clínico. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o perfil das infecções oportunistas em pacientes HIV/AIDS do Serviço de Atendimento Especializado em Aracaju, SE, Brasil. Metodologia: Pesquisa documental, retrospectiva e transversal a partir dos prontuários de pacientes adultos do Centro de Especialidade Médicas de Aracaju. Resultados: Dos 1201 pacientes analisados, 59,2% eram homens, idade entre 29 e 39 anos, parceiros fixos exclusivos, ensino fundamental. A maioria dos indivíduos realiza terapia antirretroviral (63,3%) e relata infecções oportunistas (19,3%), sendo a monilíase presente em 5,0% dos casos. Episódios de diarreia ocorreram em 30,1% dos pacientes e no exame parasitológico de fezes os protozoários mais prevalentes foram Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli e Giardia lamblia. Os pacientes com infecções oportunistas e submetidos ao tratamento antirretroviral apresentaram maior chance de diarreia (p>0,05). Conclusão: Assim, como é observado em outras regiões do Brasil, há uma redução da incidência de infecções oportunistas com a utilização da terapia antirretroviral. Porém, novos casos de infecções oportunistas, em ambos os sexos, de predomínio via sexual, continuam a ocorrer, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorias na avaliação e abordagem aos pacientes quanto às terapias disponíveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0037-86822021000100634.pdf: 1732906 bytes, checksum: f1f3280d320bc0217d49c6f48bc4b73e (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study reports the first occurrence of Psammolestes tertius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: In 2020, 95 specimens were collected from the municipality of Porto da Folha, Sergipe, Brazil. Results: This finding expands the geographical distribution of the species from 15 states in Brazil to 16 and increases the biodiversity of triatomines in the state of Sergipe. Conclusions: The presence of P. tertius in the state of Sergipe demonstrated a wider distribution of this species in northeastern Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Ciencias Biol, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Tiradentes, Programa Posgrad Saude & Ambiente, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Inst Tecnol & Pesquisa, Lab Biol Trop, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Inst Tecnol & Pesquisa, Lab Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Ciencias Biol, Araraquara, SP, Brazil CAPES: 10/2016

The use of nanolarvicide has been proposed to control the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), reducing the environmental impact of active ingredients, and improving the treatment effectiveness. The proposal of eco-friendly nanoproducts, including alternative processes using natural products, has been considered promising. In addition, the use of natural products as larvicide has shown interesting results, making them useful to produce nanoecolarvicides. This approach is a sustainable trend to control the main vectors. The nanolarvicide formulations include metallic particles, especially those produced by green synthesis, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, responsible for improving the effectiveness of larvicides in aquatic environments.

Objetivo: Análise temporal das ações de controle da doença de Chagas de 1998 a 2015 e seu impacto no estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo baseado em dados secundários obtidos do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas (PCDCh) (municípios positivos, espécie de triatomíneo capturado, índice de infecção e controle químico) e do Projeto de Melhoria Habitacional (recursos materiais, andamento das obras e monitoramento) para avaliação das ações destes programas nos oito territórios sergipanos. Foi realizada uma análise temporal por meio do modelo Joinpoint Regression Analysis. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças nas taxas de cobertura do programa nos diferentes territórios, sendo os municípios localizados na região do Alto Sertão os mais atendidos. Foram coletadas seis espécies de triatomineos com redução no número de espécimes no final do período, encontrados principalmente fora da área litoranea do Estado. A maior taxa de infecção foi encontrada em Panstrongylus lutzi. Houve recursos importantes para melhoria habitacional em todos os territórios, no entanto a execução não foi satisfatória para a maioria. Conclusão: Apesar das fragilidades observadas no Programa, houve avanços importantes no controle da doença de Chagas. Todavia, faz-se necessário retomar as atividades, tendo em vista que existem condições necessárias para que a doença possa se disseminar por conta dos vetores e dos reservatórios ainda pouco estudados.

The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish’s body length. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción y validación del instrumento educación, el cual tiene un diseño posintervención, para la promoción de la salud y vigilancia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en comunidades quilombolas brasileñas. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio metodológico para validar un instrumento, que mezcla investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, realizado en las comunidades quilombolas en el municipio de Capela/Sergipe, Brasil. Como primera etapa de la construcción del instrumento, se identificó el perfil social y clínico, al mismo tiempo que se ejecutaron las acciones de educación sanitaria sobre la prevención de enfermedades y estilos de vida saludables. Esto tenía el fin de identificar los déficits de información, fragancias y potencialidades en el entorno de las quilombolas. Para la validación del instrumento educativo, se calculó el índice de validez del contenido. Resultados: El índice de validez del contenido se obtuvo en el orden de 0.94. Las quilombolas presentan varias debilidades para el desarrollo de la ECNT, pero las potencialidades pueden fortalecerse y trabajarse en las oportunidades, destacando la importancia de las estrategias educativas para la prevención de problemas de salud. Conclusión: El proceso de validación mostró que el folleto se consideraba válido para la educación y la salud en las comunidades quilombolas, porque es atractivo, confiable y fácil de entender para este grupo de población. Se concluye que el objetivo propuesto se logró, ya que el folleto educativo titulado "Aprenda cómo cuidar su salud" fue validado para el diseño y el contenido con especialistas y la facilidad de comprensión con los líderes de las comunidades quilombolas. Abstract: Objective: To describe the process of construction and validation of an educational instrument, with a post-intervention design, for health promotion and surveillance of non-communicable chronic diseases (CNCDS) in Brazilian Quilombola communities. Methodology: This is a methodological study to validate an instrument with a mixed study of quantitative and qualitative research, carried out in Quilombolas communities in the municipality of Capela/Sergipe, state Brazil. As the first stage of the construction of the educational instrument, the social and clinical profile was identified, concomitantly with health education actions on the prevention of healthy diseases and lifestyles, in order to identify the information deficits, Fragilities and potentialities in the Quilombola environment. For the validation of the educational instrument, the content validity index was calculated. Results: The content validity index was obtained in the order of 0.94. The Quilombolas present several weaknesses for the development of CNCDS, however the potentialities can be strengthened and the opportunities worked, highlighting the importance of educational strategies for the prevention of health problems. Conclusion: The validation process showed that the booklet was considered valid for education and health in Quilombola communities, because it is attractive, reliable and easy to understand for this population group. It is concluded that the proposed objective was achieved, the educational booklet titled "Learn how to care for your health" was validated for layout and content with specialists, and the ease of understanding with community leaders Quilombolas.

Currently, a significantly lower temperature (35°C) than initially established (56°C) is indicated as the maximum temperature storage for the commercial reference visceral leishmaniasis (VL) freeze-dried direct agglutination test (FD-DAT). Despite an approximately 50% loss in the number of promastigotes in an FD-DAT batch that expired 7 years earlier, the promastigotes maintained a similar morphology to the equivalent valid batch implying most likely that auto-agglutination, rather than aging, is the main reason for expiry. The substitution of normal saline which was initially recommended for reconstitution, by citrate-saline/formaldehyde (CSF) as an anti-clumping/preservative agent resulted in restoration of validity comparable with that of the freeze-dried original or the liquid direct agglutination test (LQ-DAT) version (Friedman ANOVA test = 1.0588; P = 0.5890). Following a similar reconstitution procedure as for the 7-year expired antigen, using significantly lower promastigote concentration (1.4 × 10(7)/mL) than in the non-expired (9.0 × 10(7)/mL), good reliability for VL detection and stability at 4°C (> 12 months) were achieved. In comparison with the original version using normal saline ($32.0/vial), the cost-effectiveness of the FD-DAT was appreciably improved by the CSF incorporation and lowering of promastigote concentration per unit suspension medium ($12.8/vial). With diagnostic reliability comparable with the full-out titration used, FD-DAT procedure based on single sample dilution at the VL cutoff (1:3,200) permitted the use of significantly smaller antigen volumes (0.1 mL vs. > 1.5 mL), therefore contributing to a further reduction in the application cost. The successful replacement of β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) by urea (T = 21.00; P = 0.0868) provided the required safety for the test procedure similar to the widely applied LQ-DAT.

The 2030 Agenda is a global action plan presented by the United Nations (UN) that establishes Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs. Conservation Units (UC) are an important element of the strategy towards nature conservation. Starting from a local approach to critically analyze these issues of global relevance, the focus of the investigation is the Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo Natural Heritage, a private conservation unit located in the municipality of Pirambu in the state of Sergipe and the community surrounding the Lagoa Redonda settlement. The study aimed to analyze the perception of the owner and the community regarding the environment, RPPN, and SDGs in order to build a critical approach to the issues that interconnect nature conservation and sustainable development. The methodology is based on the interview with the owner and a focus group with the community, carried out between January and March 2020. Following these interviews, it was ascertained that there is a divergence in how public and private lands are understood by locals: Private lands are exclusively associated with production, whilst public land is associated with conservation. Community representatives do not recognize RPPN as a conservation area, with those associated objectives. Yet, debates on the environment and sustainable development intertwined with nature conservation are recognized by everyone as a priority. In the end, it is possible to recognize the importance of strengthening a space for coexistence between the local population and the RPPN in order to implement common and transformative actions in favor of conservation, and sustainable development.

The aim of this investigation was to analyse the perception of waterborne diseases and socioeconomic and environmental aspects of Quilombolas in vulnerable communities in Northeast Brazil, as the research was conducted in three vulnerable communities located in this area. The study was sectional regarding quantitative approach and was carried out from September 2018–August 2019 through interviews with 164 individuals and the analysis of drinking water quality. The highest prevalence was intestinal parasitic diseases (57%), primarily Schistosoma mansoni (20%). The interviews revealed that 27% of individuals used drinking water from the general distribution network and 26% from a well/spring outside the residence. Of these, 39% did not undergo any treatment before ingestion. Of the 10 water samples collected for microbiological analysis, there was growth of heterotrophic bacteria (53%), faecal coliforms (50%) and thermotolerant bacteria (7%). Study participants were subject to environmental characteristics that made them vulnerable to health issues. The promotion of health actions and the implementation of measures related to the treatment and storage of drinking water are tools that can combat the occurrence of diseases. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la percepción de las enfermedades transmitidas por el agua y los aspectos socioeconómicos y ambientales de los quilombolas en comunidades vulnerables del noreste de Brasil, ya que la investigación se realizó en tres comunidades vulnerables ubicadas en esta zona. El estudio fue seccional en cuanto al enfoque cuantitativo y se llevó a cabo de septiembre de 2018 a agosto de 2019 a través de entrevistas a 164 personas y el análisis de la calidad del agua potable. La mayor prevalencia fueron las enfermedades parasitarias intestinales (57%), principalmente Schistosoma mansoni (20%). Las entrevistas revelaron que el 27% de las personas usaban agua potable de la red de distribución general y el 26% de un pozo / manantial fuera de la residencia. De estos, el 39% no se sometió a ningún tratamiento antes de la ingestión. De las 10 muestras de agua recolectadas para análisis microbiológico, hubo crecimiento de bacterias heterótrofas (53%), coliformes fecales (50%) y bacterias termotolerantes (7%). Los participantes del estudio estaban sujetos a características ambientales que los hacían vulnerables a problemas de salud. La promoción de acciones de salud y la implementación de medidas relacionadas con el tratamiento y almacenamiento de agua potable son herramientas que pueden combatir la ocurrencia de enfermedades. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a percepção das doenças de veiculação hídrica e os aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais dos quilombolas em comunidades vulneráveis ​​do Nordeste do Brasil, visto que a pesquisa foi realizada em três comunidades vulneráveis ​​localizadas nesta área. O estudo foi do tipo seccional com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de setembro de 2018 a agosto de 2019 por meio de entrevistas com 164 indivíduos e análise da qualidade da água potável na região. A maior prevalência foi de doenças parasitárias intestinais (57%), principalmente Schistosoma mansoni (20%). As entrevistas revelaram que 27% dos indivíduos utilizavam água potável da rede geral de distribuição e 26% de poço / nascente fora da residência. Destes, 39% não realizaram nenhum tratamento antes da ingestão. Das 10 amostras de água coletadas para análise microbiológica, houve crescimento de bactérias heterotróficas (53%), coliformes fecais (50%) e bactérias termotolerantes (7%). Os participantes do estudo estavam sujeitos a características ambientais que os tornavam vulneráveis ​​a problemas de saúde. A promoção de ações de saúde e a implementação de medidas relacionadas ao tratamento e armazenamento de água potável são ferramentas que podem combater a ocorrência de doenças.

Background Health professionals who work in emergency services must be prepared for the recognition, collection, storage, preservation and documentation of all physical traces related to injuries or crime, because failures in these processes may compromise any forensic analysis. We, therefore, investigated emergency health professionals’ levels of knowledge about these processes and their abilities to implement them in practice during the care of victims of violence in an emergency unit of a specialized trauma hospital. Methods This was a survey to describe the knowledge of professionals working in the emergency department of the Sergipe Urgent Care Hospital (HUSE) in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil about the preservation of forensic traces and their ability to implement the necessary related processes in practice. Their knowledge of the preservation of forensic materials and their abilities to implement the processes related to their preservation were assessed using the Portuguese version of the Questionnaire on the Preservation of Forensic Traces in Victim Assistance. Results A total of 144 health professionals completed the questionnaire, of whom 23 (16 %) were physicians, 33 (22.9 %) nurses and 88 (61.1 %) nursing technicians. Most physicians (15/65.2 %) reported knowing between 50 and 70 % of the required procedures, and the majority of nurses and nursing technicians knew less than 50 % (15/45.5 % and 72/81.8 %, respectively). Regarding their actual implementation, most physicians and nurses reported performing between 50 % and 70 % of the procedures (22/95.7 % and 15/45.5 %, respectively), while nursing technicians reported performing less than 50 % (55/62.5 %). Conclusion Most professionals in the three professions (physician, nurse and nursing technician) knew less than 50 % of the required procedures for the documentation, collection and preservation of forensic traces, which explains the low implementation of most of the actions, particularly those related to the collection and preservation of traces.

Parasitic isopod species are poorly known in the northeastern coast of Brazil. In this sense, this study presents novel records of Isopoda of the families Aegidae, Cymothoidae, and Corallanidae. A total 69 specimens of Lutjanus analis and 19 of Lutjanus jocu, of which 46 isopods from 3 different species were collected, i.e. Rocinela signata, Cymothoa excisa, and Excorallana richardsoni. The species R. siganata and E. richardsoni are reported for the first time in L. jocu. A significant relationship between the parasite R. signata and the size of the fish L. jocu was also observed. The isopod C. excisa is considered an incidental finding in L. analis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of this species in fish from Brazil. The three species of isopods are new occurrences in the State of Sergipe, northeast region of the country. An additional morphological characteristic observed in the dorsal setae of pleotelson in specimens of E. richardsoni was that one end of this structure wws bifid. This information contributes to the current body of knowledge of the morphology of this particular species.

Lutjanids are marine fish and commonly inhabit coral reefs, which have migratory habits and feed in a general way, due to these characteristics, are susceptible to infections by parasites, such as cuculanid nematodes. This work aimed to report for the first time, the occurrence of Dichelyne (Dichelyne) bonacii in Brazil, in two new hosts, Lutjanus analis and Rhomboplites aurorubens, acquired from local artisanal fishermen at the Aracaju city public fishing terminal (10 ° 54’17 “S37 ° 2’56” W), northeast coast of Brazil. Adult nematodes were collected from the intestinal tract of the hosts, clarified in Aman’s Lactophenol and were briefly described here. Three adult males and five gravid females were found, indicating that the two species of fish acted as definitive hosts. Currently, this species of parasite has been reported only from fish collected in the coast of Mexico, which makes this work the first record of this parasite in Brazilian coastal waters. The results show that probably the range of hosts and the distribution of D. (Dichelyne) bonacii is not as restricted as data pointed in the literature, being a little wider, extending also to waters that bathe the Brazilian coast.

O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer o perfil do feminicídio no estado de Sergipe no período de 2016 a 2019. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte, descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de coleta de dados, tendo como população mulheres acima de 18 anos, vítimas de feminicídio. No período do estudo ocorreram 262 mortes violentas de mulheres, dessas mortes 70 foram caracterizadas como feminicídios, cuja taxa de feminicídio por 100 mil mulheres variou de 1,51 a 2,61. Foram 44,3% de feminicídios na região metropolitana e 55,7% nos demais municípios do estado. Em todas as correlações entre as variáveis, prevaleceu como agente causador da morte o uso de armas de fogo. De igual modo, a residência prevaleceu como o local de ocorrência do feminicídio. A frequência de cor/raça parda foi maior na região metropolitana em relação aos demais municípios. Foi estatisticamente significativa a presença de mulheres economicamente ativas. Quando esta variável foi relacionada à cor/raça, esta presença foi mais expressiva entre as mulheres brancas. Quanto à escolaridade predominou, em todas as situações, a ocorrência do ensino fundamental incompleto. No Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe, dos 31 procedimentos investigatórios instaurados, 25 foram de feminicídios, demandados por 14 das 40 Comarcas do estado de Sergipe. O feminicídio foi evidenciado neste estudo como a principal causa de violência em mulheres jovens-adultas, caracterizando dessa forma um fenômeno epidemiológico que vem se alastrando não apenas no Brasil, mas por todo o mundo.

Objective: evaluate the potential use of machine learning and the automatic selection of attributes in discrimination of individuals with and without Chagas disease based on clinical and sociodemographic data. Method: After the evaluation of many learning algorithms, they have been chosen and the comparison between neural network Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the Linear Regression (LR) was done, seeking which one presents the best performance for prediction of the Chagas disease diagnosis, being used the criteria of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Generated models were also compared, using the methods of automatic selection of attributes: Forward Selection, Backward Elimination and genetic algorithm. Results: The best results were achieved using the genetic algorithm and the MLP presented accuracy of 95.95%, 78.30% sensitivity, and specificity of 75.00% and AUC of 0.861. Conclusion: It was proved to be a very interesting performance, given the nature of the data used for sorting and use in public health, glimpsing its relevance in the medical field, enabling an approximation of prevalence that justifies the actions of active search of individuals Chagas disease patients for treatment and prevention. Objetivo: comparar el potencial del uso del aprendizaje automático y la selección automática de atributos en la discriminación de individuos chagásicos y no chagásicos en base a datos clínicos y sociodemográficos. Metodología: después de la evaluación de varios algoritmos de aprendizaje, se eligió y realizó la comparación entre el Perceptrón Neural Multicapa (MLP) y la Regresión Lineal (LR), buscando cuál presenta el mejor desempeño para predecir el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas, los criterios de sensibilidad, especificidad, precisión y área se utilizaron bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor (curva ROC). También se compararon los modelos generados mediante métodos automáticos de selección de atributos: Selección hacia adelante, Eliminación hacia atrás y Algoritmo genético. Resultados: los resultados con mayor grado de confiabilidad se obtuvieron mediante el uso del Algoritmo Genético con el MLP, el cual presentó precisión del 95,95%, sensibilidad del 78,30%, especificidad del 75,00% y Precisión (AUC) de 0,861. Conclusión: Lo que resultó ser un desempeño relevante dada la naturaleza de los datos utilizados para la clasificación y uso en salud pública, vislumbrando su relevancia en el campo médico, permitiendo una aproximación de la prevalencia que justifica acciones de búsqueda activa de individuos chagásicos para su tratamiento y prevención. Objetivo: avaliar o potencial de uso do aprendizado de máquina e da seleção automática de atributos na discriminação de indivíduos com e sem doença de Chagas a partir de dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. Método: Após a avaliação de diversos algoritmos de aprendizagem, eles foram escolhidos e foi feita a comparação entre a rede neural Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) e a Regressão Linear (LR), buscando qual apresentasse o melhor desempenho para predição do diagnóstico da doença de Chagas, sendo utilizados os critérios de sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia e área sob a curva ROC (AUC). Os modelos gerados também foram comparados, utilizando os métodos de seleção automática de atributos: Forward Selection, Backward Elimination e algoritmo genético. Resultados: Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o algoritmo genético e o MLP apresentou acurácia de 95,95%, sensibilidade de 78,30%, especificidade de 75,00% e AUC de 0,861. Conclusão: Mostrou-se um desempenho bastante interessante, dada a natureza dos dados utilizados para triagem e utilização em saúde coletiva, vislumbrando sua relevância na área médica, possibilitando uma aproximação de prevalências que justifiquem as ações de busca ativa de indivíduos Chagas pacientes com doenças para tratamento e prevenção.

A mortalidade por causas externas, tomada como expressão máxima da violência, vem aumentando no Brasil. Em Sergipe essa problemática pode ser vista por meio das altas taxas nos homicídios, mortes por acidentes de transporte e outras causas externas de lesões acidentais. Esses fenômenos da violência deixaram o estado em evidência, principalmente em 2013, quando ocupou a 4ª posição no ranking dos estados mais violentos do Brasil, principalmente pelas altas taxas de homicídios vitimando crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as principais causas externas de mortalidade que vitimaram, entre 2008 a 2012, essa população específica no estado de Sergipe. Embora algumas pesquisas apontem o referido estado como o menos violento do Nordeste, os resultados deste trabalho apresentaram dados significativos capazes de confrontar essas afirmativas, principalmente nos homicídios, acidentes de transporte e outras causas externas de lesões acidentais. Essas três causas, por sua vez, apresentaram tendência de crescimento em todas as faixas etárias analisadas, com foco, sobretudo para o gênero masculino.

This paper presents a study with 78 adults in situations of divorce and child custody in the Public Defender's Office of Sergipe, Brazil in order to verify the occurrence of stress symptoms. The application of the Stress Symptoms Inventory, validated by Lipp, revealed that 71.8% of the participants experienced stress, and 51.8% of these were in the resistance phase and 82.1% predominantly presented psychological symptoms. Stress levels were related to being a woman (Odds Ratio = 6.43; Confidence Interval = 2.58 - 21.63; p = 0.001) and job instability (c2 = 7.972; p = 0.019). The age of the oldest child at the time of divorce is also related to stress: the older the child, the less likely the occurrence of stress (Odds Ratio = 0.925; Confidence Interval = 0.86 - 0.98; p = 0.03). The conclusion is the there is a need for family preventive interventions in order to support marital bonds, facilitating relational arrangements required during the time of separation.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Shelters are places that receive certain species of domestic animals, mostly dogs and cats, that are normally abandoned. These animals are easy to handle because they are crowded and have limited movement. Dogs, due to the close relationship with humans, are considered the main domestic reservoirs in the peridomiciliary cycle of American trypanosomiasis infection in humans. Therefore, in several countries studies are carried out to assess the occurrence of infection in these animals. This work evaluated the occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs from shelters in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe. This was an observational and cross-sectional study to detect the occurrence of T. cruzi in blood samples from shelter dogs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the TcZ1/TcZ2 primers. A total of 168 blood samples from dogs (104 females and 64 males) were collected and subjected to DNA and PCR extraction, and seventeen (10.1%) samples showed amplification of the product of the expected size. The TcZ1/TcZ2 primer pair used is considered specific for T. cruzi, and it is capable of amplifying all strains without amplifying other Trypanosoma species. The shelters evaluated had different physical infrastructure; animals positive for T. cruzi were found in all of them, as confirmed by sequencing. It is concluded that shelter dogs, as well as other domestic animals, can function as indicators of the occurrence of T. cruzi in Aracaju-SE, providing relevant epidemiological information for health surveillance and monitoring of Trypanosomatid infections. Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment Tiradentes University-UNIT, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300 Biological Sciences Course Tiradentes University-UNIT, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300 Institute of Technology and Research – ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300 Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology Apllied to Pharmacy São Paulo State University-UNESP School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Campos Ville Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology Apllied to Pharmacy São Paulo State University-UNESP School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Campos Ville

Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.

A quantitative study was conducted in the municipality of Aracaju/State of Sergipe - SE, Brazil, to construct and analyse the ecomap of users (216 users) who received a home visit from the Family Health Teams (Equipes de Saúde da Família). The study showed that half of the users (50.5%) were over 60 years old, 77.8% were female, 68.0% had a low educational level, 49.1% were retired, 83.3% reported being bedridden, 53.2% reported a chronic injury as the reason for having the visit, 62.5% did not know the nursing assistant professional, 58.8% had a family caregiver, 94.4% considered the visit important, and 75.9% were informed about their right to a visit but considered it a privilege. The home visit is perfectly feasible, humanising and welcoming; it is a unique opportunity to immerse into and get to know the environment of families, delivering services in a more humane and welcoming space. Estudo quantitativo realizado no município de Aracaju/Se que objetivou a construção e análise de ecomapa do universo de usuários (216 usuários) que receberam visita domiciliar das Equipes de Saúde da Família. Oestudo revelou que metade dos usuários (50,5%) tinham mais de 60 anos, 77,8% eram do gênero feminino, 68,0% com baixa escolaridade, 49,1% aposentados; 83,3% relataram o fato de estarem acamados e 53,2% referiram agravo crônico como motivo para receber a visita, 62,5% desconheciam o profissional auxiliar de enfermagem, 58,8% tinham cuidador familiar, 94,4% consideravam a visita importante e 75,9% foram informados do direito a visita, mas a consideravam um privilégio. A visita domiciliar é perfeitamente exeqüível, humanizadora e acolhedora; é uma oportunidade ímpar de imergir e conhecer o ambiente das famílias, prestando atendimento em espaço mais humano e acolhedor.

Three species of snappers from artisanal, small-scale fisheries were examined for the presence of parasites. A total of 139 lutjanid fish were collected: 69 specimens of Lutjanus analis, 47 specimens of Lutjanus vivanus, and 23 specimens of Lutjanus synagris. Encysted plerocercoid of trypanorhynch cestodes found at necropsy in the viscera of snappers were sampled for parasitological analysis. These plerocercoid larvae belong to the genera Floriceps, Pseudogrillotia , and Oncomegas. Although these parasites do not have any zoonotic potential, fish with heavy loads of plerocercoids are rejected during inspection as they compromise meat hygiene. Our findings suggest that light larval cestode infections in lutjanids would not lead to consumer rejection of the food product. The occurrence of Floriceps sp. in L. analis and in L. synagris, of Pseudogrillotia sp. in L. vivanus and in L. synagris , and of Oncomegas sp. in L. synagris are new findings in these fish species. These parasites are new to these fish species and have not been reported in snappers from the northeast coast of Brazil. The results contribute to the existing body of knowledge about the parasitic fauna of fish and its distribution along the coastline of Brazil.

Schistosomiasis, which is caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma and by the species Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil, is transmitted primarily by Biomphalaria glabrata mollusks. Infections occur in humans and mollusks in freshwater environments contaminated with feces from infected humans. This study aimed to evaluate potential foci of schistosomiasis based on the identification of infection sites for the snails, factors that increased the human infection probability of S. mansoni infection, and the relationship of the disease with abiotic, biotic, and sociocultural factors. The study was conducted in an urban area on the northeast coast of Brazil; this location was chosen based on the following factors: the presence of B. glabrata, nearby freshwater, and the absence of sewer treatment. A parasitological analysis was performed to evaluate infections of the mollusks and residents inside the perimeter defined by the collection points. Questionnaires were applied to obtain demographic data and to identify behaviors that led to human infection. To verify the contamination of freshwater by human feces, a microbiological analysis of the water was performed at the mollusk collection points to determine the rate of contamination with fecal coliforms. A total of 10,270 B. glabrata mollusks were collected between August 2013 and August 2014, of which 8.8% were positive for S. mansoni; the prevalence ranged from 0 to 34.5% over the study period. A total of 232 coprological samples from the residents were analyzed. The S. mansoni infection prevalence rate was 16.4%, and the S. mansoni parasitic load in the infected residents was 54.9 eggs per gram of feces on average. Males were more affected by the parasite, especially in the 8-17-year-old age range. Thermotolerant coliforms were observed at the mollusk collection sites, which indicated that freshwater and sewage were in continuous contact. This contamination indicated poor sanitary conditions, as was previously observed, which could be combined with detrimental behavior due to the residents' habits. These conditions cause a predisposition for both intermediate and definitive infections of the hosts by creating a socioenvironmental scenario that is conducive to the formation and maintenance of potential schistosomiasis foci. This and similar areas deserve special attention from the government with an aim of improving sanitation services and local resident knowledge to prevent future contamination.

Objetivou-se identificar o nível de entendimento sobre autocuidado para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos de uma comunidade quilombola de Sergipe. A maioria dos sujeitos (70,6%) ignorava o conceito de autocuidado e 27% afirmaram não cuidar da saúde. Diante dos déficits de conhecimento identificados, realizou-se educação em saúde e posterior aplicação de um “mini teste”, onde 90% dos sujeitos responderam adequadamente sobre a definição de autocuidado. Existe a necessidade de evidenciar para as pessoas que, cuidar de si próprio, através de hábitos de higiene, boa alimentação e prática de atividade física, trazem benefícios para a saúde proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida.