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L’accompagnement des enfants et des adolescents et adolescentes trans ou en questionnement ne peut faire l’économie d’une pensée éthique réflexive de sa propre pratique en tant que professionnel de santé. Il est important de considérer le jeune dans sa globalité, et cela également en ce qui concerne les enjeux en santé reproductive. Cet article propose, au travers des principes de Tom Beauchamps et James Childress, une réflexion éthique des enjeux de bienfaisance/non nuisance, d’autonomie et de justice, pour les adolescents, jeunes adultes, et futurs parents trans ou en questionnement. Pour les adolescents et les adolescentes, autour des possibilités de traitement médical d’affirmation de genre, il est nécessaire de proposer des informations, en termes d’impact sur la fertilité et, le cas échéant, des propositions de possibilités de conservation de ses capacités reproductives. Ces enjeux nécessitent d’interroger l’état des connaissances scientifiques en termes de parentalité des personnes trans et en questionnement. Nous proposons ici un état des lieux des connaissances de ces réalités, mises en perspective des axes de réflexions éthiques inhérentes aux accompagnements. In fine, il apparaît que l’enjeu éthique majeur porte sur l’enfant à naître. À cela, il est nécessaire de considérer la qualité de vie des futurs parents et l’impact des accompagnements médicaux des personnes.

Over a sufficiently long period of time, or from an appropriate distance, the motion of many swimmers can appear smooth, with their trajectories appearing almost ballistic in nature and slowly varying in character. These long-time behaviours, however, often mask more complex dynamics, such as the side-to-side snakelike motion exhibited by spermatozoa as they swim, propelled by the frequent and periodic beating of their flagellum. Many models of motion neglect these effects in favour of smoother long-term behaviours, which are often of greater practical interest than the small-scale oscillatory motion. Whilst it may be tempting to ignore any yawing motion, simply assuming that any effects of rapid oscillations cancel out over a period, a precise quantification of the impacts of high-frequency yawing is lacking. In this study, we systematically evaluate the long-term effects of general high-frequency oscillations on translational and angular motion, cast in the context of microswimmers but applicable more generally. Via a multiple-scales asymptotic analysis, we show that rapid oscillations can cause a long-term bias in the average direction of progression. We identify sufficient conditions for an unbiased long-term effect of yawing, and we quantify how yawing modifies the speed of propulsion and the effective hydrodynamic shape when in shear flow. Furthermore, we investigate and justify the long-time validity of the derived leading-order solutions and, by direct computational simulation, we evidence the relevance of the presented results to a canonical microswimmer.

We theoretically investigate self-oscillating waves of an active material, which were recently introduced as a nonsymmetric part of the elastic moduli, termed odd elasticity. Using Purcell's three-link swimmer model, we reveal that an odd-elastic filament at low Reynolds number can swim in a self-organized manner and that the time-periodic dynamics are characterized by a stable limit cycle generated by elastohydrodynamic interactions. Also, we consider a noisy shape gait and derive a swimming formula for a general elastic material in the Stokes regime with its elasticity modulus being represented by a nonsymmetric matrix, demonstrating that the odd elasticity produces biased net locomotion from random noise., 自ら流体中を泳ぐ「奇弾性体」の発見 --生き物らしい自律的なマイクロマシンの仕組み--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-06-08., Never too odd to learn how to swim. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-06-09.

With the continuing rapid development of artificial microrobots and active particles, questions of microswimmer guidance and control are becoming ever more relevant and prevalent. In both the applications and theoretical study of such microscale swimmers, control is often mediated by an engineered property of the swimmer, such as in the case of magnetically propelled microrobots. In this work, we will consider a modality of control that is applicable in more generality, effecting guidance via modulation of a background fluid flow. Here, considering a model swimmer in a commonplace flow and simple geometry, we analyse and subsequently establish the efficacy of flow-mediated microswimmer positional control, later touching upon a question of optimal control. Moving beyond idealised notions of controllability and towards considerations of practical utility, we then evaluate the robustness of this control modality to sources of variation that may be present in applications, examining in particular the effects of measurement inaccuracy and rotational noise. This exploration gives rise to a number of cautionary observations, which, overall, demonstrate the need for the careful assessment of both policy and behavioural robustness when designing control schemes for use in practice., 16 pages, 7 figures

The study of temporal sequences is a main topic in different domains, especially for human mobility mining. This article defines the Fuzzy Temporal Hamming (FTH) distance between temporal sequences. This new measure generalises the Hamming distance and improves it by introducing a fuzzy time-window. This fuzzy approach tolerates temporal distortions as shifting and permutations. Moreover, the time computation of FTH is competitive with other Optimal Matching methods used for temporal sequences comparison. To validate this approach, we cluster data from a real Time-Use Survey and we compare the results obtained with other methods.

The study of semantic aspects of human behavior is an hot topic. Most of the time, semantic sequences describe these complex behaviors. Indeed, sequences include several information as type of human activities or places. To study these complex data, we need to define new similarity measures and select appropriate clustering processes. This article proposes a semantic similarity measure, based on ontologies, which manages complex semantic elements with different levels of detail and incertitude. An application of this approach from the domain of touristic mobility shows the interest of this process.

We study the controllability of a coupled system of linear parabolic equations, with non-negativity constraint on the state. We establish two results of controllability to trajectories in large time: one for diagonal diffusion matrices with an "approximate" nonnegativity constraint, and a another stronger one, with "exact" nonnegativity constraint, when all the diffusion coefficients are equal and the eigenvalues of the coupling matrix have nonnegative real part. The proofs are based on a "staircase" method. Finally, we show that state-constrained controllability admits a positive minimal time, even with weaker unilateral constraint on the state., Comment: 20 pages

International audience; The understanding of daily human activity is an active research topic. Thanks to GPS and smartphones, human movements can be monitored and analyzed. In addition, by exploiting Linked Open Data and user personal data, semantic labels and annotations can be added to movements. Thus, semantic trajectories can be considered as sequences of timestamped activities where each activity is described by a semantic label. In this context, a major challenge is the comparison of such semantic trajectories, looking to extract and learning similar human mobility behaviors. We propose CED (Contextual Edit Distance), a generic similarity measure for semantic sequences comparison which improve the Edit Distance to take into account the context similarity between elements in the sequence. CED is configurable to any sequence data and business needs. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Similarity measures; Geographic information systems.

International audience; This paper aims at proposing a data quality diagnosis and cleansing data methodology experimented on an individual mobility survey (Mobi’Kids program). The first section presents the theoretical approach to highlight the issue of a data quality diagnosis applied to heterogeneous data collected from mixed methods (GPS tracks, surveys, observations). Secondly, two typologies of major errors are discussed according to their origin (GPS, algorithm, survey) and their nature (completeness, accuracy, consistency). A processing chain is thirdly defined to improve both internal and external data quality in order to the perspective of a replicable methodology.; Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la méthodologie de diagnostic qualité et d’apurement des données, expérimentée à partir d’une enquête de mobilité individuelle (programme Mobi’Kids). Une première partie revient sur la démarche suivie et pointe l’enjeu de l’évaluation de la qualité de données hétérogènes issues d’une méthode mixte et longitudinale de collecte (suivis GPS, enquêtes, observations). Une deuxième partie établit un diagnostic qualité selon l’origine (GPS, algorithme, enquête) et la nature des erreurs (complétude, précision, cohérence). Ces typologies permettent, dans une troisième partie, de définir d’une chaîne de traitements reproductible visant à améliorer la qualité interne et externe des données.

This paper aims at proposing a data quality diagnosis and clearance methodology experimented on an individual mobility survey (MOBI'KIDS program). The first section presents the theoretical approach to highlight the issue of a data quality diagnosis applied on heterogeneous data collected from mixed methods (GPS tracks, surveys, observations). Secondly, two typologies of major errors are discussed according to their origin (GPS, algorithm, survey) and their nature (completeness, accuracy, consistency). A processing chain is thirdly defined to improve both internal and external data quality in order to the perspective of a replicable methodology., Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la méthodologie de diagnostic qualité et d’apurement des données expérimentée à partir d’une enquête de mobilité individuelle (programme MOBI’KIDS). Une première section revient sur la démarche suivie et pointe l’enjeu de l’évaluation de la qualité de données hétérogènes issues d’une méthode mixte et longitudinale de collecte (suivis GPS, enquêtes, observations). Une deuxième section établit un diagnostic qualité selon l’origine (GPS, algorithme, enquête) et la nature des erreurs (complétude, précision, cohérence). Ces typologies permettent, dans une troisième section, la définition d’une chaîne de traitements reproductible visant à améliorer la qualité interne et externe des données.

International audience; This paper focuses on the control theory aspects of the dynamics of a magnetized micro-swimmer robot model made of three rigid links. Under generic assumptions on the parameters, we show that the control system which describes the swimmer dynamics is locally controllable in small time around its equilibrium position (the straight line), but with bounded controls that do not go to zero as the target state gets closer to the initial state. This result is relevant for useful applications in the micro-swimming field, and provides better understanding of this type of two-control systems.

El Número 1 de la revista "Archéologies numériques / Digital Archaeology" contiene los: Proceedings of the session n° III-3 (CA) of the XVIII° UISPP congress, Paris, June 2018 Session III-3 (CA). Construire des référentiels partagés : Webmapping et archéologie., [EN] Current archaeological research practices confirm a strong trend towards the grouping of researchers and the sharing of data, which now requires the establishment of shared platforms. This change in practices is reflected in the shift from working locally to opening up to databases shared by several teams, several institutions and even several countries. Since 2005, the experience of seven projects carried out in the Traces laboratory (Architerre, ChasséoLab, Départ, Graph-Comp, Modelespace, Monumen, M&P) in collaboration with French and foreign partner institutions (Ministry of Culture, regional services, CNRS, universities, preventive archaeology organizations and companies, associations, etc.) has helped to clarify the principles of coordination, complexity, collaborative work and the impact of the choices made., [FR] Les pratiques actuelles de la recherche en archéologie confirment une tendance forte au regroupement des chercheurs et à la mutualisation des données imposant désormais la mise en place de plateformes communes. Ce changement des pratiques se traduit par le passage du travail en local à l’ouverture vers des bases de données partagées entre plusieurs équipes, plusieurs institutions, voire plusieurs pays. Depuis 2005, l’expérience de sept travaux réalisés au sein du laboratoire Traces (Architerre, ChasséoLab, Départ, Graph-Comp, Modelespace, Monumen, M&P) en collaboration avec des institutions partenaires françaises et étrangères (ministère de la Culture, services régionaux, CNRS, universités, organismes et entreprises de l’archéologie préventive, associations, etc.) permet d’exposer les principes de la coordination, complexe, du travail collaboratif et l’impact des choix effectués.

Thanks to the growth of Internet of things and use of various sensors embedded in smartphones, individuals can be tracked and monitored all day long. However , the fine understanding of their activities requires semantic models and contex-tual information. The users' trajectories can then be enhanced with semantic meaning. Trajectories can be compared using their spatial, temporal or semantic components. Similar users' behaviour can then be clustered to derive movement patterns. This article presents a new methodology to extract movement patterns from semantic trajectories. These patterns are helpful for experts working on movement analysis in various fields such as tourism, sociology, epidemiology or urban planning., La compréhension fine des déplacements des individus nécessite une modéli-sation sémantique riche de leurs activités. Or, il est maintenant possible d'extraire les mobilités et les activités des individus à l'aide d'informations contextuelles ou de cap-teurs. Une fois enrichies sémantiquement, ces mobilités peuvent être comparées selon une mesure de proximité spatiale, temporelle et sémantique, puis regroupées en clusters de trajectoires similaires. Afin de résumer ces déplacements similaires, des motifs synthétisant ces clusters peuvent être induits. Cet article présente une méthodologie pour extraire ces motifs à partir de trajectoires sémantiquement riches ; fort utile aux experts pour mieux analyser les déplacements. Dans cet objectif, cet article propose de mettre en lumière, d'étendre et de relier un grand nombre d'outils de la fouille des trajectoires. Cette méthode est générique et s'applique à nombre de domaines d'études tels que le tourisme, la sociologie, l'épidémiologie ou l'urbanisme.

The inertialess fluid-structure interactions of active and passive inextensible filaments and slender- rods are ubiquitous in nature, from the dynamics of semi-flexible polymers and cytoskeletal filaments to cellular mechanics and flagella. The coupling between the geometry of deformation and the phys- ical interaction governing the dynamics of bio-filaments is complex. Governing equations negotiate elastohydrodynamical interactions with non-holonomic constraints arising from the filament inex- tensibility. Such elastohydrodynamic systems are structurally convoluted, prone to numerical erros, thus requiring penalization methods and high-order spatiotemporal propagators. The asymptotic coarse-graining formulation presented here exploits the momentum balance in the asymptotic limit of small rod-like elements which are integrated semi-analytically. This greatly simplifies the elas- tohydrodynamic interactions and overcomes previous numerical instability. The resulting matricial system is straightforward and intuitive to implement, and allows for a fast and efficient computation, over than a hundred times faster than previous schemes. Only basic knowledge of systems of linear equations is required, and implementation achieved with any solver of choice. Generalisations for complex interaction of multiple rods, Brownian polymer dynamics, active filaments and non-local hydrodynamics are also straightforward. We demonstrate these in four examples commonly found in biological systems, including the dynamics of filaments and flagella. Three of these systems are novel in the literature. We additionally provide a Matlab code that can be used as a basis for further generalisations., 16 pages, 7 figures

In 2013 excavations near Vernègues (Bouches-du Rhône), “ Cazan-Le Clos du Moulin”, revealed an important occupation site dating from the Middle Neolithic (late Chassey culture). The village of Vernègues is located just south of the Massif du Luberon, approximately 60 km north-west of Marseille and the Mediterranean. The area excavated, a little over one hectare, is located in the centre of a small valley which joins the valley of the Durance just to the north. This valley is remarkable for the density of Neolithic remains and “ Cazan-Le Clos du Moulin” is situated in the centre of a cluster of sites. The different sites form a discontinuous network across the floor of the valley, which is undoubtedly linked to the network of watercourses which drain the valley. While no occupation ground was uncovered during the excavation, over 600 archaeological features were preserved. These features record one of the first structured dwelling sites for this period in the south of France. The occupation of this site has been dated by eight radiocarbon dates (4100 -3800 BCE) and a large assemblage of archaeological finds, which confirm the attribution to the late Chassey culture. The site contained many pits, five wells and a concentration of twenty burnt stone combustion features, which are typical of this period. Through analysis of these structures we observe how two pairs of wells seem to have functioned together, particularly in their secondary use as middens. The burnt stone combustion features are all circular and organised into four sub-parallel lines. These features group two different types of hearths, which may reflect a chronological difference or differences in use. However, the most notable aspect of this site resides in the discovery of many postholes and foundation pits, which trace the outline of at least fifteen different architectural structures. These are the earliest buildings recorded for the late Chassey in the south of France. They notably consist of ten houses which were implanted on well-preserved postholes. These structures repeat the same overall plan, based around a dozen posts organised into two aisles, with a probable ridge beam extending beyond the ridge purlin. Two smaller posts in front of the southern gable end probably indicate the location of an entrance. The surface area of these buildings varies between 80 and 180 m ² . There are few comparable examples for these structures for this period and they are markedly distinct from other examples in France or in northern Italy, which are generally rectangular in plan and frequently have foundation trenches. In addition, three other architectural structures have been identified, which are defined by a series of very large foundation pits. The pits are rectangular in plan with asymmetric profiles (at times triangular, occasionally trapezoidal) : they can be up to 2 m deep with an over-cut at the base. We find even fewer archaeological parallels for these buildings. However their construction clearly demanded a significant investment of time and effort, which could indicate the coordination of a group or community of individuals. All of these buildings follow a plan which was clearly collectively predefined ; all the buildings are orientated NW-SE, which coincides with the prevailing wind in the valley. Moreover, the distribution of these postholes and pits indicates that several houses were completely rebuilt in the same place, up to two to three times. Each new phase of construction was preceded by the partial deconstruction of the remains of the previous phase. We note that some of the posts had clearly begun to decompose in situ, prior to being burnt and/ or removed. Finally, some of the pits/ postholes from the previous phases were backfilled with stones and broken fragments of querns. Analysis of the archaeological finds has not allowed us to establish a relative chronology between these different buildings or the diverse features. However, it has enabled us to define several zones of activity, specifically related to the working of flint and obsidian. The obsidian comes from Sardinia and we have observed elements associated with shaping and working nuclei as well as debitage from a knapping area which were found in a well. Obsidian is not the only example of imported material found ; it is accompanied by several ceramic and earthenware objects (including a loom weight) and a copper awl, all of which probably originate from northern Italy. Furthermore, analysis of the querns recovered from the postholes and analysis of the marks on the worked flints indicate agricultural activities related to grain farming. The faunal remains were almost exclusively recovered from the deposits infilling the wells. These remains record the importance of caprines in the livestock, indicating pastoral activities were also important at Cazan, as at many other sites of the same period. These different activities imply a domestic occupation, seemingly permanent, in a predominantly anthropogenically modified landscape (based on malacological analysis). The preliminary analysis of the snail assemblage indicates an open environment during the late Chassey culture, and this observation seems to be confirmed by the charcoal analysis. Furthermore, the study of the charcoal from the postholes and hearths allows us to distinguish the selection of different species of wood : oak is used for the posts while strawberry tree (arbutus unedo) is used as fuel. These results suggest the attachment of the Chassey population to this place and the surrounding landscape, which they occupied and reoccupied several times over 300 years. While an important part of their activity was based around a mobile lifestyle and pastoral management, this site allows us to consider the concept of a Neolithic village. These first results presented here renew the debate and research concerning the character of the occupation of this landscape during this period., Une fouille réalisée en 2013 à Cazan «le Clos du Moulin » Vernègues (Bouches-du Rhône) a permis de mettre en évidence une importante occupation du Chasséen récent en fond de vallon. Aucun niveau de sol n’a été retrouvé, mais plus de 600 structures en creux permettent de documenter un des premiers sites d’habitat structuré de cette période dans le Sud de la France. Les attributions chronologiques reposent sur huit datations au 14C comprises en 4100 et 3800 avant notre ère et sur un abondant mobilier archéologique qui concorde avec l’attribution à une étape récente du Chasséen. Le gisement livre plusieurs fosses, des puits et une concentration de structures à pierres chauffées, mais aussi et surtout de nombreux trous de poteau et fosses d’implantation qui permettent de restituer les plans d’environ quinze bâtiments. Ces derniers correspondent notamment à dix édifices standards ; trois ensembles architecturaux plus imposants s’insèrent au sein de cette organisation et traduisent sans doute la présence d’édifices socialement plus valorisés. L’analyse du mobilier archéologique ne permet pas de déterminer assurément de chronologies relatives au sein de ces structures et aménagements, mais elle met en évidence plusieurs zones d’activités privilégiées en particulier pour le travail du silex et de l’obsidienne. Ces activités signent une occupation domestique a priori pérenne au sein d’un paysage largement anthropisé et maitrisé d’après les observations anthracologiques et malacologiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats tend à prouver l’attachement des populations chasséennes à ce territoire où elles se sont installées et ont vécues. Ce site permet donc enfin d’approcher pleinement la notion de village pour le Chasséen récent., Moreau Clément, Léa Vanessa, Delhon Claire, Magnin Frédéric, Howarth Luke, Linton Jimmy, Pacotte Lucas, Foucras Sylvain, Nicosia Cristiano, Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier, Gerez Julie, Sénépart Ingrid. Un village chasséen dans le Sud de la France: Cazan «le Clos du Moulin», Vernègues (Bouches-du-Rhône). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 114, n°1, 2017. pp. 53-91.

International audience; ``Cazan-Le clos du Moulin'' is an open-air Middle Neolithic site located in the South of France near the village of Vernegues. The excavation of this site has, for the first time in the area, allowed us to reconstruct up to a dozen domestic buildings from the late Chassey culture (4100-3800 BCE), arranged around an area occupied by heated stone combustion structures. Because of the partial erosion of the archaeological horizons, artefacts and ecofacts related to the Neolithic occupation were only found in the fills of structures. Charcoal analysis was carried out on samples from the postholes, the heated-stone hearths and a well. The anthracological results show a selection of natural resources depending on the use of the wood: timber or fuel. The size required for the posts can restrict the scope of the species suitable for timber: oak seems to be preferred for that purpose. On the contrary, the choice of fuel wood seems to be less constrained by technical limitations. Nevertheless, one particular species, Arbutus unedo, accounts for the bulk of the wood gathered for fuel supply, however it was certainly not the only woody resource available during the Middle Neolithic. Overall, charcoal analysis at Cazan-Le Clos du Moulin shows that wood harvesting - as recorded in the fills of structures - is selective. This selection could be imposed by purely technical requirements that we can only partly perceive or by cultural necessity which remains beyond our understanding, but, beyond this, the choices are probably guided by land and vegetation resource management in order to permit the coexistence of various wood-consuming activities in a single territory and to favor the exploitation of easily accessible fuel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

International audience; In the above mentioned note (hal-01145537, arXiv:1506.05918, published in IEEE Trans. Autom. Cont., 2017), the first and fourth authors proved a local controllability result around the straight configuration for a class of magneto-elastic micro-swimmers.That result is weaker than the usual small-time local controllability (STLC), and the authors left the STLC question open. The present addendum closes it by showing that these systems cannot be STLC.

Moreau Clément. Vernègues, Cazan (Bouches-du-Rhône) : découverte d’un habitat structuré du Chasséen récent. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 111, n°2, 2014. pp. 341-344.

International audience

International audience; Avec plus de 150 sépultures à inhumation retrouvées, les nécropoles de Barbey, Barbuise et La Saulsotte représentent des sites de référence de l'âge du Bronze final (XIVe au XIIe s. av. J.-C.) en France septentrionale, aux marges occidentales du vaste complexe culturel nord-alpin. Dans des tombes d'envergures variables, avec monument funéraire pour certaines d'entre-elles, les inhumés se présentent allongés, mais d'autres sont placés assis, en positions très contractées dans des petits coffres de bois, situation très originale, bien représentée dans cette région Seine / Yonne. Les sépultures de ces trois nécropoles font l'objet de pratiques complexes après le dépôt du défunt : réouverture, manipulations et retraits des ossements, dépôts complémentaires. Cet ouvrage attendu par les spécialistes de la période propose une analyse nouvelle de l'abondant mobilier et des pratiques funéraires de l'étape ancienne du Bronze final à partir de l'intégralité des données disponibles pour ces trois nécropoles. Cette documentation remarquable issue de la mise en œuvre des méthodes de l'archéo-anthropologie conduit à des résultats très novateurs. L'approche sociale des populations du Bronze final, abordée à partir des témoins funéraires, ouvre sur des propositions originales dans le champ des alliances matrimoniales et de la mobilité des élites

National audience