152 results on '"Cladium mariscus"'
Search Results
2. Coexistence of Lobelia dortmanna and Cladium mariscus , an ecological and paleobotanical study
- Author
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Krystyna Milecka, Grzegorz Kowalewski, Agnieszka Lewandowska, Witold Szczuciński, and Tomasz Goslar
- Subjects
lobelia dortmanna ,cladium mariscus ,late holocene ,land use ,trophy changes ,tuchola forest ,Paleontology ,QE701-760 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Lobelia dortmanna L. (Lobeliaceae family) is an indicator species that is predominantly found in oligotrophic and acidic lakes. They are mainly distributed in northwestern Europe. Their occurrence in Poland is highly threatened by the increasing grade of human activity and environmental eutrophication; however, new sites of Lobelia were discovered in the last few decades, for example, in Lake Krzywce Wielkie situated in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP), Poland. The existence of Lobelia in this lake was unexpected because Cladium mariscus was also found in the lake. Cladium has different ecological demands and is regarded as a species typical of calcareous habitats where calcium is found in abundance in the substrate. To explain the coexistence of both species in Krzywce Wielkie, pollen analysis of organic sediments was performed for four short cores collected from the littoral zone of the lake and for one long deep-water core. Additionally, macrofossil analysis was done for all the short cores. Pollen analysis revealed the existence of Cladium from the early Holocene period up to the present time. Pollen and seeds of Lobelia were found to be present since the beginning of the 20th century. Development of L. dortmanna and Myriophyllum alterniflorum populations and a decrease in the number of aquatic macrophytes in the eutrophic water indicate oligotrophication of water. This process started following the construction of drainage canal and the consequent water level decrease. This situation can be attributed to the abandonment of the agricultural areas adjoining the lake, which causes a decrease in the inflow of nutrients into the lake. Development of pine forest and establishment of BTNP enabled the protection and conservation of the surrounding catchment areas, thus restricting the potential eutrophication of the habitats.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Coexistence of Lobelia dortmanna and Cladium mariscus, an ecological and paleobotanical study.
- Author
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MILECKA, KRYSTYNA, KOWALEWSKI, GRZEGORZ, LEWANDOWSKA, AGNIESZKA, SZCZUCIŃSKI, WITOLD, and GOSLAR, TOMASZ
- Subjects
- *
HOLOCENE Epoch , *PALYNOLOGY , *COEXISTENCE of species , *LITTORAL zone , *WATERSHEDS , *POTAMOGETON , *MACROPHYTES - Abstract
Lobelia dortmanna L. (Lobeliaceae family) is an indicator species that is predominantly found in oligotrophic and acidic lakes. They are mainly distributed in northwestern Europe. Their occurrence in Poland is highly threatened by the increasing grade of human activity and environmental eutrophication; however, new sites of Lobelia were discovered in the last few decades, for example, in Lake Krzywce Wielkie situated in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP), Poland. The existence of Lobelia in this lake was unexpected because Cladium mariscus was also found in the lake. Cladium has different ecological demands and is regarded as a species typical of calcareous habitats where calcium is found in abundance in the substrate. To explain the coexistence of both species in Krzywce Wielkie, pollen analysis of organic sediments was performed for four short cores collected from the littoral zone of the lake and for one long deep-water core. Additionally, macrofossil analysis was done for all the short cores. Pollen analysis revealed the existence of Cladium from the early Holocene period up to the present time. Pollen and seeds of Lobelia were found to be present since the beginning of the 20th century. Development of L. dortmanna and Myriophyllum alterniflorum populations and a decrease in the number of aquatic macrophytes in the eutrophic water indicate oligotrophication of water. This process started following the construction of drainage canal and the consequent water level decrease. This situation can be attributed to the abandonment of the agricultural areas adjoining the lake, which causes a decrease in the inflow of nutrients into the lake. Development of pine forest and establishment of BTNP enabled the protection and conservation of the surrounding catchment areas, thus restricting the potential eutrophication of the habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Holocene regression of the critically endangered species Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl on Žitný ostrov Island (site Mad, Danubian plain Lowland).
- Author
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Procházka, Juraj, Pišút, Peter, Horáčková, Šárka, and Kapustová, Veronika
- Subjects
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ENDANGERED species , *HOLOCENE Epoch , *LITTORAL zone , *ISLANDS , *RADIOCARBON dating , *CYPERUS - Abstract
This study presents the palaeo-botanical record from the central part of Žitný Ostrov Island on the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia. The record spans almost the entire Holocene period and provides evidence that the wetland species Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae) was present in this region as late as the Greenlandian period. In addition, the combination of C. mariscus and Carex elata beds were most likely an important part of the littoral zone vegetation during that period. Our investigations are based on plant macro-remain analysis, radiocarbon dating and physical sedimentary analysis of the former Danube side channel. The palaeo-channel infill active in the Late Pleistocene reflects complete hydroseral succession of a terrestrialised palaeo-lake. The earlier of two possible hiatuses in the fossil record was likely associated with a disturbance which caused Cladium mariscus to disappear from the local plant spectra. The most likely drivers of C. mariscus' decline are a climate change of 8.6 cal ka BP associated with water fluctuations and the local habitat alteration to an eutrophic environment. These are discussed herein together with the isolated scattered populations surviving in the surrounding micro-region throughout the Meghalayan period. Finally, there are only two known remaining C. mariscus sites in the Žitný Ostrov Island area, and the key modern driving factor was the dramatic water regime changes in 19–20th Century caused by anthropogenic impact. These were caused by the construction of drainage canal systems and the transition from alluvial meadows to agricultural land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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5. First record of the dragonfly biting midge Forcipomyia paludis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Ukraine
- Author
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Lemke, M. and Hryniuk, P.
- Subjects
Odonata ,dragonfly ,Cladium mariscus ,Anisoptera ,Eastern Europe ,first record ,Ukraine - Abstract
Based on unnoticed photograph of immature adult male Downy Emerald Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Odonata: Libellulidae) withthree females of the dragonfly biting midge Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) paludis (Macfie, 1936) parasitizing on it in the NationalNature Park “Northern Podillya”, Lviv Region, western Ukraine, the latter species is recorded from Ukraine for the first time The photo was uploaded in the open natural history online database of the Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network (UkrBIN) andwas later discovered there. This record extends the known range of F. paludis to Eastern Europe.  
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- 2022
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6. Dinámica a largo plazo de las praderas de carófitos y los masegares en el humedal de Las Tablas de Daimiel (Ciudad Real, España): relación con las perturbaciones ambientales
- Author
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S. Cirujano, N. Guerrero, and M. Álvarez Cobelas
- Subjects
cladium mariscus ,characeae ,directiva marco del agua ,humedales mediterráneos ,macrófitos acuáticos ,parque nacional las tablas de daimiel ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Este trabajo presenta los cambios en la extensión de las superficies ocupadas por las praderas sumergidas de carófitos y por las formaciones emergentes de masiega en el humedal del Parque Nacional Las Tablas de Daimiel (Ciudad Real, España). Se estudian las dinámicas de ocupación desde los años cincuenta hasta la actualidad, y se relacionan con las perturbaciones más relevantes como sequía, incendios y contaminación. Se destaca el papel de estos dos componentes del ecosistema acuático como indicadores de la calidad ambiental de esta zona húmeda continental.
- Published
- 2017
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7. Response of a spring-fed fen ecosystem in Central Eastern Europe (NW Romania) to climate changes during the last 4000 years: A high resolution multi-proxy reconstruction.
- Author
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Gałka, Mariusz, Feurdean, Angelica, Hutchinson, Simon, Milecka, Krystyna, Tanţău, Ioan, and Apolinarska, Karina
- Subjects
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FEN ecology , *CLIMATE change , *FOSSIL plants , *GEOCHEMISTRY , *RADIOCARBON dating , *PALEOECOLOGY - Abstract
We document the long-term development of a spring-fed fen assessing its sensivity to climate changes over the last ca. 4000 years. Our investigation is based on high-resolution, continuous plant macrofossil remains and mollusc records, complemented by pollen, geochemical analysis and radiocarbon dating of Valea Morii, located in the Feleac Hills (Transylvanian Depression) in NW Romania, Central Eastern Europe. Based on our palaeocological data we have distinguished three stages of wet habitat conditions: two stages between 4000 and 2450 cal yr BP and one in the last 800 cal yr BP, and one dry stage between ca. 2450 and 800 cal yr BP. These local habitat conditions appear to reasonably reflect regional climate characteristics. High-resolution analysis of two replicated cores documented a mostly comparable pattern of local plant and mollusc succession, and stable isotope values from ca. 500 cal yr BP. The appearance of C . mariscus during the last two centuries may be related to increased wetness and associated active CaCO 3 precipitation, which allowed this plant to colonise the spring-fed fen studied. However, it can be not excluded that the occurrence and spread of a Cladium mariscus population at this site during the last two centuries might have been partly favoured by the warming of the climate after the Little Ice Age. The potential of carbonate oxygen stable isotope values as an indicator of major trends in climatic change, both temperature and humidity, in mountain spring-fed fen deposits is shown. Carbon isotopes in the carbonates were found to be useful in reconstruction of changes in vegetation, soil development and the dissolution of bedrock carbonates, primarily as a reaction to changes in climate humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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8. The Phenolic Contentand Antibacterial activity of Cladium Mariscus Seeds Extract.
- Author
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Braige, Rihab hatem, Kredy, Husam M., and Khathi, Mohammed T.
- Subjects
CLADIUM mariscus ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phenols ,ANTIBACTERIAL agents ,SEEDS ,PLANT extracts - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of College of Education for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
9. Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense Kuk
- Author
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Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng
- Subjects
Cladium mariscus (l.) pohl subsp. jamaicense (crantz) kük ,Tracheophyta ,Poales ,Liliopsida ,Cladium ,Cladium mariscus ,Biodiversity ,Cyperaceae ,Plantae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 300 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Lake Nkunga, Alt. 1 900 m, 8 Aug. 2015, SAJIT 003851 (HIB). References: Hoensellaar et al. (2010), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Hoensellaar, K., Verdcourt, B. & Beentje, H. J. (2010) Cyperaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 466 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}
- Published
- 2022
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10. Holocene regression of the critically endangered species Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl on Žitný ostrov Island (site Mad, Danubian plain Lowland)
- Author
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Juraj Procházka, Šárka Horáčková, Veronika Kapustová, and Peter Pišút
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pleistocene ,Wetland ,Plant Science ,Ecological succession ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Genetics ,Littoral zone ,Radiocarbon dating ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Ecology ,Cell Biology ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
This study presents the palaeo-botanical record from the central part of Žitný Ostrov Island on the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia. The record spans almost the entire Holocene period and provides evidence that the wetland species Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae) was present in this region as late as the Greenlandian period. In addition, the combination of C. mariscus and Carex elata beds were most likely an important part of the littoral zone vegetation during that period. Our investigations are based on plant macro-remain analysis, radiocarbon dating and physical sedimentary analysis of the former Danube side channel. The palaeo-channel infill active in the Late Pleistocene reflects complete hydroseral succession of a terrestrialised palaeo-lake. The earlier of two possible hiatuses in the fossil record was likely associated with a disturbance which caused Cladium mariscus to disappear from the local plant spectra. The most likely drivers of C. mariscus’ decline are a climate change of 8.6 cal ka BP associated with water fluctuations and the local habitat alteration to an eutrophic environment. These are discussed herein together with the isolated scattered populations surviving in the surrounding micro-region throughout the Meghalayan period. Finally, there are only two known remaining C. mariscus sites in the Žitný Ostrov Island area, and the key modern driving factor was the dramatic water regime changes in 19–20th Century caused by anthropogenic impact. These were caused by the construction of drainage canal systems and the transition from alluvial meadows to agricultural land.
- Published
- 2021
11. Rich fen development in CE Europe, resilience to climate change and human impact over the last ca. 3500 years.
- Author
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Gałka, Mariusz, Aunina, Liene, Feurdean, Angelica, Hutchinson, Simon, Kołaczek, Piotr, and Apolinarska, Karina
- Subjects
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FENS , *CLIMATE change , *MOLLUSKS , *GEOCHEMISTRY , *CLADIUM mariscus , *POLLEN , *PLANTS - Abstract
Here, for the first time in SE Poland, we document the long-term development of a rich fen and assess its sensitivity to climate change and human impacts over the last ca. 3500 years. Our results are based on a high-resolution, continuous plant macrofossil remains, mollusc and pollen record, complemented by geochemical, mineral magnetic and physical characterisation, and radiocarbon dating from Bagno Serebryskie rich fen located in SE Poland. Based on the palaeoecological data we distinguished five stages of wet habitat conditions: 5000–3300, 2800–2150, 1600–1100, 750–230, 150–10 cal yr BP and five dry periods at ca. 3300–2800, 2150–1600, 1100–750, 230–150, 10 to − 64 cal yr BP. The pollen and geochemistry records, particularly Pb, show that the first human activity in the study area occurred ca. 3200 cal yr BP and increased markedly from 500 cal yr BP affecting local plant development including the population size of Cladium mariscus . Our study has shown that despite human impact (drainage, fire), Bagno Serebryskie peatland has hosted rare, presently protected species, such as Cladium mariscus for hundreds of years. We conclude that, in common with ombrotrophic bogs, rich fen ecosystems can provide a reliable source of palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological data. Our study also shows that a large peatland (376 ha) can be as sensitive a palaeohydrological archive as smaller mires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Water on the Fen Mire as a Problem in the Protection of Globally Threatened Species: Long-Term Changes in Aquatic Warbler Numbers.
- Author
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Grzywaczewski, Grzegorz, Bochniak, Andrzej, Wiącek, Jarosław, Łapiński, Paweł, and Morelli, Federico
- Subjects
- *
AQUATIC warbler , *NATURE reserves , *WATER table , *WATER levels , *CLADIUM mariscus , *GEOGRAPHIC boundaries - Abstract
This paper presents the results of 11 years study of aquatic warblers in the Roskosz Nature Reserve in eastern Poland. The study was carried out in fen mires near Chełm, in the proximity of the Polish-Ukrainian boundary. The number of aquatic warblers was correlated with the mean water level and with the mean groundwater level. We found that the higher the surface water level, the smaller the number of singing males. The largest number of males (density 10.9 singing males per 10 ha) was found when the mean water level was 23.7 cm, and the smallest number (density 2.1 singing males per 10 ha) when the mean water level was 35.7 cm. These results can be useful in studies that focus on the optimal habitat conditions for breeding of aquatic warblers. This is the first systematic study in calcareous Cladium mariscus fen mires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Effect of environmental factors on growth and physiological status of generative shoots of Cladium mariscus in a protected calcareous fen habitat.
- Author
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Megre, Dace, Dokane, Kristine, Roze, Daina, and Strode, Linda
- Subjects
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FEN ecology , *CLADIUM mariscus , *PLANT shoots , *PHOTOSYSTEMS , *EFFECT of temperature on plants - Abstract
Effective conservation of priority habitat 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae depends on complete knowledge of the biology of Cladium mariscus. This study was aimed to determine effect of temperature and habitat water level on growth, development and physiological status of generative shoots of C. mariscus. Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry dynamics during both seasons was similar; but in summer 2016 the values were significantly higher than in 2015. Difference in height of generative shoots was not found between years. Average number of generative shoots indicated a significant difference between years. Immediate effect of temperature or habitat water level changes on generative shoot growth were not observed. However, two-season measurements of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry showed that C. mariscus is welladapted to high habitat water level and might be sensitive to habitat water level fluctuations, when the water level falls below 5 cm. On the north-eastern limit of the distribution range the number of generative shoots of C. mariscus in the next growing season is affected by previous autumn drought and temperature below 0 °C as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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14. A Mediterranean element of the vegetation: Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci – a new association for Ukraine
- Author
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Anastasia Davydova
- Subjects
Marsh ,Rare species ,Plant Science ,swamp ,Floristics ,lcsh:Botany ,lcsh:Zoology ,IUCN Red List ,cladium mariscus communities ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Cyperaceae ,Junco ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Ecology ,Forestry ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,marshland ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,junco maritimi-cladietum marisci ,europe ,associations - Abstract
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl (Cyperaceae) is a rare species in Europe considered by several authors to be a relict of the early Holocene period. It is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Annexes of the Habitat Directive and the Bern Convention. Communities with domination of this species are included in the Green Data Book of Ukraine. Substantial differences in major ecological factors for Cladium mariscus communities in the western (carbonate bogs) and the southern (marshes and floating swamps of the northern Black Sea) regions of Ukraine were shown. The author carried out comparisons of relevés characterizing different communities with Cladium mariscus within Europe. Based on the results of TWINSPAN analysis, four associations were identified, confirmed by floristic indices and ecological data: Cladietum marisci Allorge 1921, Soncho maritimi-Cladietum marisci (Br.-Bl. & O. de Bolòs 1957) Cirujano 1980, Dorycnio recti-Cladietum marisci Gradstein & Smittenberg 1977 and Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci (Br.-Bl. & O. de Bolòs 1957) Géhu & Biondi 1988. Thus, in addition to the association Cladietum marisci, a new one was indicated for Ukraine, Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci.
- Published
- 2020
15. Late Quaternary history of Lammefjorden, north-west Sjælland, Denmark
- Author
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Jakob Walløe Hansen, Ole Bennike, and Peter Roll Jakobsen
- Subjects
QE1-996.5 ,quaternary ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,QC801-809 ,lammefjorden ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Najas marina ,Geology ,biology.organism_classification ,Oceanography ,macrofossils ,Deglaciation ,late glacial ,holocene ,Glacial period ,sjælland ,Quaternary ,Holocene ,Marine transgression ,Gyttja - Abstract
Lammefjorden is a reclaimed fjord in north-west Sjælland, Denmark. Sediment cores from the area were collected to study its development after the last deglaciation, in particular the sea-level history. Late glacial and Early Holocene lake and bog deposits occur below marine deposits. Sparse late glacial fossil assemblages indicate tree-less environments with dwarf-shrub heaths. Early Holocene deposits contain remains of Betula sec. Albae sp. and Pinus sylvestris, which indicate open forests. The wetland flora comprised the calciphilous reed plant Cladium mariscus and the water plant Najas marina. Marine gyttja from basins is characterised by sparse benthic faunas, probably due to high sedimentation rates. In some areas, shell-rich deposits were found, with large shells of Ostrea edulis, indicative of high summer temperatures, high salinity and strong tidal currents. A marine shell dated to 6.7 cal. ka provides a minimum age for the marine transgression of Lammefjorden.
- Published
- 2020
16. FLORISTIC ELEMENTS AS BASIS FOR CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS AND PUBLIC POLICIES IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF VEREDAS OF THE PRATA RIVER
- Author
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Gisele Catian, Vali Joana Pott, Edna Scremin-Dias, and Arnildo Pott
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Echinodorus grisebachii ,Mauritia flexuosa ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Wetland ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Scleria ,Indicator species ,Botany ,Rhynchospora ,Cyperaceae ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Vereda is the wetland type of the Cerrado, often associated with the buriti palm Mauritia flexuosa. However, in Mato Grosso do Sul veredas may occur without M. flexuosa, generating legal misinterpretation and environmental damages, such as drainage for agriculture. As a case study, we inventoried the flora of natural and drained veredas of the Prata River, pointing out key-species for identification of veredas without M. flexuosa, providing subsidies for their characterization. We recorded 157 species (44 families), most being wet grassland plants and some aquatic macrophytes, 96 species being typical of the flora of veredas, plus woody and weedy species of drained ground. The macrophytes Chara rusbyana, Echinodorus grisebachii, Leptostelma tweediei, Ludwigia major, Nymphaea gardneriana, Piper fuligineum, Sinningia elatior and Utricularia lloydii are from the original flora of undisturbed vereda, the first being a macroalga typical of alkaline swamps. The sawgrass Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense occurs on organic soil, associated with filiform tussock grasses and sedges typical of veredas, characteristic in these wetlands, such as Andropogon glaziovii, Anthaenantia lanata, Axonopus comans, Saccharum villosum, Setaria paucifolia, Scleria composita and Rhynchospora albiceps. Our report adds to the scarce knowledge on these wetlands since we found two paludicolous orchids, Cyrtopodium hatschbachii (rare, endangered on the Brazilian redlist) and Bletia catenulata, plus the recent new species Cyperus valiae (Cyperaceae), a sedge endemic to this type of vereda. We present diagnostic indicator species of veredas without M. flexuosa (e.g. Echinodorus grisebachii, Chara rusbyana, Ludwigia sericea, L. major, Lessingianthus bardanoides etc.). As another novelty, we highlight plants indicating drained wetland. Our findings already support an improved law to preserve Cerrado wetlands.
- Published
- 2019
17. Contribution to the characteristic of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl population in the initial zone of floating mat on an oligo-humotrophic lake in north-eastern Poland
- Author
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Anna Namura-Ochalska
- Subjects
Cladium mariscus ,population dynamics ,spatial structure ,clonal growth ,diaspore production ,seed germination capacity ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
In the initial phase of growth in an oligo-humotrophic lake, Cladium mariscus forms a dense and tall sawgrass bed invading the open water in the form of a floating mat. High densities of submerged evergreen perennial stems of C. mariscus, over two metres high and abundantly fruiting, ensure its persistence, and form a natural barrier to the invasion of other species. Dense mats of sawgrass are formed as a result of clonal and rhizome growth. Although diaspore production is abundant under natural conditions, only vegetative propagation of stems was observed. In different variants of the experiment only seeds wintering on stems of mother plants were capable of germinating. Hard seed coats had an important effect on the germination capacity of seeds.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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18. Development of Rich Fen on the SE Baltic Coast, Latvia, during the Last 7500 Years, Using Paleoecological Proxies: Implications for Plant Community Development and Paleoclimatic Research.
- Author
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Gałka, Mariusz, Aunina, Liene, Tobolski, Kazimierz, and Feurdean, Angelica
- Abstract
We present the paleoecological development of a rich fen located in the dune area on the SE Baltic coast, during the last 7500 years. The Apšuciems Mire hosts rare and endangered plant communities in Europe, such as Schoenus ferrugineus and Cladium mariscus. Analysis at high-resolution of plant macroremains in two peat cores was carried out to reconstruct local vegetation succession and fluctuations in moisture availability on the peatland, while a pollen record was developed to reconstruct plant succession, moisture variability and human activity at the regional scale. Based on the presence or the absence of macroremains of plants that occur in wet habitat e.g. Cladium mariscus, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Botrycoccocus we distinguished four wet periods ca. 6000, 2000, 1750-1550, 1200-150 cal yr. BP and four dry periods (ca. 7000, 4600-4200, 1800-1750, 1550-1200 cal yr. BP) in the peatland's development. A water level increase at 1200 cal yr. BP triggered the development of plant communities containing Chara sp., Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, then Cladium mariscus. Our study shows a link between climate change at the regional scale and vegetation development in Apšuciems Mire. We showed that changes in vegetation structure during last 150 years was caused by drainage and human activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Saw-sedge Cladium mariscus as a functional low-cost adsorbent for effective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous systems.
- Author
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Bartczak, Przemysław, Żółtowska, Sonia, Norman, Małgorzata, Klapiszewski, Łukasz, Zdarta, Jakub, Komosa, Andrzej, Kitowski, Ignacy, Ciesielczyk, Filip, and Jesionowski, Teofil
- Abstract
For the first time in the published literature, a study is described concerning the use of the saw-sedge Cladium mariscus ( C. mariscus) for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous systems. Among the experiments carried out, the elemental composition of C. mariscus was determined (C = 48.0 %, H = 7.1 %, N = 0.95 %, S = 0.4 %), FTIR spectroscopic analysis was performed to confirm the chemical structure of the adsorbent, and porous structure parameters were measured: BET surface area ( A = 0.6 m/g), total pore volume ( V = 0.001 cm/g) and average pore size ( S = 6.6 nm). It was shown that the effectiveness of removal of 2,4-D from aqueous systems using C. mariscus depends on parameters of the process: contact time, system pH, mass of sorbent, and temperature. Maximum adsorption was attained for a solution at pH = 3. Further increase in the alkalinity of the tested systems led to a reduction in the effectiveness of the process. The kinetic of adsorption of 2,4-D by C. mariscus was also determined, and thermodynamic aspects were investigated. The experimental data obtained correspond to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model of type 1. Additionally the negative values obtained for Δ Hº indicate that the process is exothermic, and the negative values of Δ Gº show it to be spontaneous. As the temperature of the system increases the spontaneity of adsorption is reduced, in accordance with the exothermic nature of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Contrasting response to mowing in two abandoned rich fen plant communities.
- Author
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Menichino, N.M., Fenner, N., Pullin, A.S., Jones, P.S., Guest, J., and Jones, L.
- Subjects
- *
PLANT communities , *GRAZING , *PLANT succession , *PLANT biomass , *GROUND cover plants - Abstract
Globally important U.K. fens are in poor condition, principally due to abandonment, following cessation of traditional mowing and grazing in recent decades. In the absence of management, rich fen flora are displaced as a result of succession. This leads to an increase in competitive species and subsequent biomass accumulation. In order to reverse this trajectory and increase species richness, management consisting of a single mowing event was employed. Mowing was conducted in two degraded fen communities in north-west Wales (U.K.) across three sites: (i) a species rich, tussock alkaline mire, dominated by Schoenus nigricans and Juncus subnodulosus (SN community) and (ii) a species poor basin mire Cladio-Molinietum dominated by Cladium mariscus (CM community). The early vegetation responses were monitored over two years. Results show a large treatment effect on species richness in the CM community, where mean species richness increased by 51% in the second year following mowing. Consequently, total species number across all sites increased to 74 in the treatment compared to 44 in the control. Mowing reduced vegetation height and litter cover and increased bare ground. These treatment effects combined with a reduction in graminoid and shrub cover collectively contributed to the initial stages of rehabilitation. Conversely, the SN community showed no increase in species richness, in spite of a reduction in litter cover and increased bare ground. Strong site heterogeneity and a sustained canopy height caused by rapid re-growth of the dominant graminoid S. nigricans may have impeded treatment effects. Therefore, increased mowing frequency in alternate years, switching between autumn and summer would be necessary to develop species richness in the SN community. Ongoing intervention in each fen community is needed to achieve an optimal trajectory of increased rich fen and reduction of secondary succession species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Estimating the Abundance and Habitat Selection of Conservation Priority Marsh-Dwelling Passerines with a Double-Observer Approach.
- Author
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JimÉNez, Jos, Moreno-Opo, Rubén, Carrasco, Manuel, and Feliu, Jordi
- Abstract
Copyright of Ardeola is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY CONCERNING HABITATS WITH LIGULARIA SIBIRICA (L.) CASS. AND CLADIUM MARISCUS (L.) POHL FROM HĂRMAN MARSH.
- Author
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MATEI, Andreea Natalia
- Subjects
CLADIUM mariscus ,FENS ,PLANT communities - Abstract
Copyright of Contributii Botanice is the property of Contributii Botanice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
23. Nuts for dinner? Cladium mariscus in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa.
- Author
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Sievers, Christine
- Subjects
- *
CLADIUM mariscus , *FOOD consumption research , *NUTRITIONAL value , *HARVESTING , *MESOLITHIC Period - Abstract
The sedge,Cladium mariscus, has been identified in Middle Stone Age deposits at the shelter Sibudu, South Africa, where the leaves were used as “bedding” – an informal floor covering for various activities.Cladium mariscusnutlets were recovered from layers 73 000–39 000 years old and are likely to have entered the shelter on the plants harvested for bedding. This paper explores the possibility that, in addition to the use ofCladium mariscusleaves for bedding, the nutlets were collected for food. The underground storage organs and nutlets of many sedge species are eaten by contemporary people and they are known to have been eaten in the past at other sites. Nutritional analysis of the nutlets and rhizomes ofCladium mariscusindicates their potential as a food source, notwithstanding the small size of the nutlets. Although there is no evidence for the preparation ofCladium mariscusfor consumption at Sibudu, the abundant nutlets produced by the plants, their nutritional value and the ease of harvesting the nutlets indicate that they could have been a useful dietary item. At Sibudu, as early as 70 000 years ago, the complicated mastic recipes for hafting stone tools indicate that the shelter inhabitants possessed advanced pyrotechnological skills and sophisticated knowledge of the chemical properties of materials. It is possible that these abilities were applied to the processing ofCladium mariscusnutlets. Such activities could imply an early example of intensive collection and possible processing of a particular plant food. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Descomposición de helófitos en un humedal semiárido hipertrófico
- Author
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Maria Dolores Ribeiro Orge, Miguel Álvarez Cobelas, Palmira Riolobos, and Santos Cirujano
- Subjects
cladium mariscus ,decomposition ,hypertrophic wetland ,lastablas de daimiel national park ,leaching ,nitrogen ,phosphorus ,phragmites australis ,spain ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
This study represents the first attempt to outline the dynamics of litter decomposition of Cladium mariscus (cut-sedge) and Phragmites australis (common-reed) in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Central Spain). From April 1998 to September 1999, two experiments were conducted to measure the overall decomposition in large-pore bags (7 months) and the chemical-microbiological decomposition in entire bags (14 months). Despite the hypertrophic condition of the wetland, that might have enhanced plant litter decaying rates, decomposition was a slow process in Las Tablas de Daimiel for both species, resulting in more than 50% of initial biomass a year and a half later. There were no significant correlations between environmental variables and decomposition rates. An initial phase of leaching with the highest rates (P < 0.05) of mass loss and nutrients occurred for both plant species. Throughout the incubation period, no significant differences were observed between both species and experiments, and the average daily rates of mass loss were low: 0.0022 ± 0.001 day–1 for C. mariscus and 0.0029 ± 0.002 day–1 for P. australis in the overall decomposition experiment, and respectively 0.0019 ± 0.001 day–1 and 0.0016 ± 0.001 day–1 due to chemical-microbiological decomposition, suggesting the negligible significance of invertebrates in the plant decomposition process. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed for nutrient release, except that Phragmites lost more phosphorus (P < 0.1) than Cladium. Plant litter decaying rates were roughly an order of magnitude lower than nutrient release rates in both species. Our results suggest that slow decomposition rates of helophitic plant biomass increases organic matter sedimentation and reduces water quality of Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Early Holocene succession of vegetation and molluscs in Lake Jaczno, East-Central Europe
- Author
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Jakub Sypniewski, Karina Apolinarska, and Mariusz Gałka
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Peat ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Ecology ,Lake ecosystem ,Macrofossil ,Ecological succession ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Bithynia tentaculata ,Holocene ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Gyttja - Abstract
Here we present results of high-resolution palaeoecological studies of the organic deposits accumulated in Lake Jaczno, located in the north-eastern Poland. Plant macrofossils and malacological analyses complimented by radiocarbon dating (AMS) were undertaken to reconstruct Early Holocene succession of the pioneer wetland plants and molluscs in the lake ecosystem. Numerous presence of charcoal pieces (>1 mm) and fungal remains (sclerotia) in the peat layer accumulated on the mineral ground document dry habitat what coincides with warm and dry climate conditions in the early Holocene recorded in this part of Europe. Change to lacustrine environment documented by accumulation of the carbonate gyttja on the highly decomposed peat layer took place ca. 10,500 cal yr BP. The current morphology of Lake Jaczno, in which several basins can be distinguished, suggests that different age of sediments accumulated at the bottom part at our sampling sites might result from different sizes of the buried dead ice blocks, and their heterochronous final melting. The first aquatic plants that appeared in Lake Jaczno were Chara sp., Ceratophyllum demersum and Nymphaea alba. The appearance of Cladium mariscus in Lake Jaczno ca. 9400 cal yr BP was synchronous with the substantial spread of this plant in this region which coincided with increased climate humidity. The first molluscan species that colonized the lake ecosystem were Gyraulus crista and Bithynia tentaculata, species living on macrophytes, and Valvata piscinalis, typical for habitats characterized by a thick layer of plant detritus.
- Published
- 2019
26. Seasonal variations of the nutritive value and phytotherapeutic potential of Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.) targeting ruminant’s production
- Author
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Marta Oliveira, Rui J.B. Bessa, Luísa Custódio, Maria João Rodrigues, Nuno R. Neng, and José M.F. Nogueira
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,antioxidant ,Antioxidant ,phenolics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomass ,salt-tolerant plants ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Salt-tolerant plants ,Nutritional profile ,Ruminant ,medicine ,Tannin ,Dry matter ,Organic matter ,Food science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,anti-inflammatory ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ecology ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Botany ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,veterinary ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Veterinary ,chemistry ,QK1-989 ,Phenolics ,Anti-inflammatory ,nutritional profile ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In our endeavor to identify salt-tolerant plants with potential veterinary uses in ruminants’ production strategies, we focused on Cladium mariscus L. Pohl (sawgrass), due to its high total phenolic and tannin content, anti-radical properties, and ethnomedicinal uses. Aerial parts were collected along the year in Southern Portugal and evaluated for the nutritional profile and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), aiming for its use as feed. Acetone extracts were appraised for total contents in phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and tannins (CTC), as well as the chemical composition by HPLC-DAD and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, targeting its exploitation as phytotherapeutic products. Sawgrass biomass has a limited nutritive value, due to its high neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 596–690 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 330–418 g kg−1 DM) contents, low crude protein (51.8–87.3 g kg−1 DM) and IVOMD (172–317 g kg−1 organic matter (OM)). Despite differences among seasons, the mineral profile was adequate. The extracts were rich in TPC (88–112 mg g−1), CTC (115–169 mg g−1), and TFC (18.5–20.2 mg g−1), and displayed significant antioxidant capacity, particularly in summer and autumn, whilst no seasonal influence was detected for anti-inflammatory properties (30% reduction of nitric oxide production). Eleven phenolics were quantified: chlorogenic, ferulic, and syringic acids were the most abundant, especially in the autumn sample. Overall, despite the low nutritional interest, sawgrass extracts hold the potential as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds.
- Published
- 2021
27. From dust till drowned: the Holocene landscape development at Norderney, East Frisian Islands
- Author
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Felix Bittmann, Frank Schlütz, and Dirk Enters
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Geology ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,6. Clean water ,Phragmites ,Oceanography ,Triglochin maritima ,Salt marsh ,14. Life underwater ,Juncus gerardii ,Bog ,Sea level ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Within the multidisciplinary WASA project, 160 cores up to 5 m long have been obtained from the back-barrier area and off the coast of the East Frisian island of Norderney. Thirty-seven contained basal peats on top of Pleistocene sands of the formerGeestand 10 of them also had intercalated peats. Based on 100 acclerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dates and analyses of botanical as well as zoological remains from the peats, lagoonal sediments and the underlying sands, a variety of distinct habitats have been reconstructed. On the relatively steep slopes north of the present island, a swampy vegetation fringe several kilometres wide with carrs of alder (Alnus glutinosa) moved in front of the rising sea upwards of theGeestas it existed then until roughly 6 ka, when the sea level reached the current back-barrier region of Norderney at around −6 m NHN (German ordnance datum). From then on for nearly 4000 years a changing landscape with a mosaic of freshwater lakes and fens existed within this area. It was characterised by various stands ofCladium mariscus(fen sedge), alternating with brackish reed beds withPhragmites australis(common reed) and salt meadows withAster tripolium(sea aster),Triglochin maritima(sea arrowgrass),Juncus gerardii(saltmarsh rush) as well as mudflats withSalicornia europaea(common glasswort). As far as shown by our cores, this highly diverse, and for humans potentially attractive landscape was at least some 4 km wide and followed the coast for about 10 km. Before the rising sea caused diversification of habitats, wet heath as well as dry and dusty sand areas existed. In the course of time, parts of the wet heath turned into raisedSphagnumbogs under an oceanic precipitation regime before this diverse landscape was drowned by the rising sea and finally covered by marine sediments, while the earlier sediments and peats were partly eroded and redeposited.
- Published
- 2021
28. Physiological Profiles as Indicators of Response to Hurricane Disturbance for Three Coastal Wetland Species.
- Author
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Pivovaroff, Alexandria Lynn, Swift, Cheryl, Battaglia, Loretta L., Kunz, Brittany, Platt, William J., and Yoder, Carrie L.
- Subjects
- *
HURRICANES & the environment , *STORM surges , *CLADIUM mariscus , *ESTUARINE ecology , *COASTAL wetlands , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Pivovaroff, A.L.; Swift, C.; Battaglia, L.L.; Kunz, B.; Platt, W.J., and Yoder, C.L., 2015. Physiological profiles as indicators of response to hurricane disturbance for three coastal wetland species. Hurricanes alter light and water availability via canopy damage and storm surge delivery and are expected to intensify with climate change. Plant species respond to environmental changes by making physiological adjustments in situ or through distribution changes. Three years after Hurricane Katrina, we compared functional traits and water relations among three species along the coenocline at Weeks Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Fairhope, Alabama, U.S.A. Based on posthurricane distribution changes for these species, we hypothesized that (1) Cladium mariscus, whose distribution expanded slightly, is responsive to increased light availability in the disturbed forest at the landward end but is strongly limited by water stress at its seaward edge; (2) Baccharis halimifolia, whose distribution shifted and abundance increased posthurricane, is responsive to increased light availability, cannot tolerate very low light levels or water logged soils, but can tolerate moderate salinity; and (3) Morella cerifera, whose distribution remained unchanged, would show little or no difference in measured functional traits and water relations at its landward vs. seaward edges. Cladium mariscus showed decreased water potential ( Ψ) at its seaward edge, but leaf mass per area (LMA) did not vary as forest cover increased landward. Baccharis halimifolia exhibited lowest LMA and highest Ψ in the middle of its distribution, but was least vulnerable to cavitation ( Ψ50) with increased forest cover. Morella cerifera exhibited no difference in water stress, wood density, or Ψ50 across its distribution. Our results suggest differences in physiological response to light availability and water stress may affect the postdisturbance distribution of plant species and influence changes in distribution of species exposed to chronic sea level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effect of habitat burning on the number of singing males of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola.
- Author
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GRZYWACZEWSKI, Grzegorz, CIOS, Szymon, SPARKS, Tim H., BUCZEK, Alicja, and TRYJANOWSKI, Piotr
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The decline of aquatic vegetation in wetlands in response to the environmental degradation: the case of the cut-sedge (Cladium mariscus) in Las Tablas de Daimiel and its potential restoration
- Author
-
Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo and Miriam Miguel-Ruano
- Subjects
geography ,education.field_of_study ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,National park ,Population ,Drainage basin ,Biodiversity ,Forestry ,Wetland ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophyte ,Ecosystem ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Miguel-Ruano, M., Sanchez-Carrillo, S. 2020. The decline of aquatic vegetation in wetlands in response to the environmental degradation: the case of the cut-sedge (Cladium mariscus) in Las Tablas de Daimiel and its potential restoration. Ecosistemas 29(3):1963. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.1963 Wetlands disappear at the rate that their biodiversity does. This study evaluates the causes of the serious decline that the cut-sedge (Cladium mariscus) experienced in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) wetland, where the population has decreased from 1,100 ha in 1956 to 10 ha in 2019. To do this, we have carried out a comparative study in the La Mancha Humeda Biosphere Reserve, using the PNTD's cut-sedge population and the populations of other wetlands where this macrophyte is not in decline (Laguna del Masegar and Lagunas de Ruidera), which were grown in controlled conditions in the laboratory and later transplanted in PNTD wetland. Differences in C and N content, survival and growth rates, and seed viability and germination capacity indicated that the decline in the PNTD cut-sedge population is related to the hydrological degradation of the wetland, which has caused (i) population aging due to long-term use of clonal reproduction, (ii) a very low colonization of environmental-favorable habitats within the wetland due to a limited dispersion of generative propagules by hydrochory and (iii) a genetic isolation of the population due to the lack of hydrological connection with the other wetlands in the Upper Guadiana river basin. Restoration measures must be immediate, to recover stands in key areas of the wetland with specimens from nurseries and in the medium and long-term to promote the expansion of the cut-sedge to other areas of the wetland ecosystem.
- Published
- 2020
31. Response of a spring-fed fen ecosystem in Central Eastern Europe (NW Romania) to climate changes during the last 4000 years: A high resolution multi-proxy reconstruction
- Author
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Krystyna Milecka, Karina Apolinarska, Angelica Feurdean, Simon M. Hutchinson, Mariusz Gałka, and Ioan Tanţău
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,education.field_of_study ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Population ,Paleontology ,Climate change ,Macrofossil ,Vegetation ,Ecological succession ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Paleoclimatology ,Radiocarbon dating ,Physical geography ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
We document the long-term development of a spring-fed fen assessing its sensivity to climate changes over the last ca. 4000 years. Our investigation is based on high-resolution, continuous plant macrofossil remains and mollusc records, complemented by pollen, geochemical analysis and radiocarbon dating of Valea Morii, located in the Feleac Hills (Transylvanian Depression) in NW Romania, Central Eastern Europe. Based on our palaeocological data we have distinguished three stages of wet habitat conditions: two stages between 4000 and 2450 cal yr BP and one in the last 800 cal yr BP, and one dry stage between ca. 2450 and 800 cal yr BP. These local habitat conditions appear to reasonably reflect regional climate characteristics. High-resolution analysis of two replicated cores documented a mostly comparable pattern of local plant and mollusc succession, and stable isotope values from ca. 500 cal yr BP. The appearance of C. mariscus during the last two centuries may be related to increased wetness and associated active CaCO3 precipitation, which allowed this plant to colonise the spring-fed fen studied. However, it can be not excluded that the occurrence and spread of a Cladium mariscus population at this site during the last two centuries might have been partly favoured by the warming of the climate after the Little Ice Age. The potential of carbonate oxygen stable isotope values as an indicator of major trends in climatic change, both temperature and humidity, in mountain spring-fed fen deposits is shown. Carbon isotopes in the carbonates were found to be useful in reconstruction of changes in vegetation, soil development and the dissolution of bedrock carbonates, primarily as a reaction to changes in climate humidity.
- Published
- 2018
32. Effect of environmental factors on chlorophyll a fluorescence of the fen orchid Liparis loeselii in European Union priority protected habitat 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
- Author
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Kristine Dokane, Daina Roze, Linda Strode, and Dace Megre
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,Ecology ,Endangered species ,Wetland ,Fen orchid ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Water level ,Liparis ,Habitat ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Environmental science ,European union ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
The fen orchid Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. is one of the most endangered orchids of European wetlands and is listed in the Habitat Directive. In its range L. loeselii occupies different wetland habitats with fluctuating water level. A successful conservation of L. loeselii is based on the availability and conservation of suitable habitats. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of ongoing changes in habitat environmental conditions on L. loeselii. The aim of the study was to find out the effect of environmental factors on chlorophyll a fluorescence of fen orchid L. loeselii in EU protected habitat 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae near Lake Engure in Latvia. Such environmental factors as vegetation cover, impact of zoogenic factor, temperature, precipitation, and habitat water-level fluctuations were examined. The field study was carried out in 2015 and 2016. For the clarification of the influence of environmental factors on L. loeselii as a non-destructive method, chlorophyll a fluorescence (maximum quantum efficiency of PSII—Fv/Fm) was used. The Fv/Fm parameter was significantly higher in 2016 than in 2015. However, statistical analysis did not show any correlation between dynamics of Fv/Fm parameter during 2015 or 2016 and changes in habitat water level, temperature, or sum of precipitation. It could be influenced by a significant decrease in the number of C. mariscus generative shoots and a significantly higher sum of precipitation, which affected habitat water-level difference between years. In addition, water-level fluctuations were different between years. In 2015, in corresponding time when Fv/Fm parameter measurements were obtained, the water level in the habitat fluctuated within 8 cm while in 2016 within 5 cm in range. This study showed that the chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm parameter) of L. loeselii in European Union priority protected habitat 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae was not affected by single dominant environmental factor. Fv/Fm parameter of L. loeselii is influenced by vegetation cover and habitat water level. Favourable conditions for growth of L. loeselii are provided by balanced water supply.
- Published
- 2018
33. Survival of an Endangered OrchidLiparis loeseliiin Habitats with Different Water Level Fluctuations
- Author
-
Amanda Karlovska, Daina Roze, Kristine Dokane, Gunta Jakobsone, and Dace Megre
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,education.field_of_study ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,fungi ,Population ,Endangered species ,food and beverages ,Wetland ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Aerenchyma ,Liparis ,Agronomy ,Mire ,education ,Bog ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. is an endangered orchid species which occurs in wetland habitats. For successful conservation of this orchid it is necessary to recognize its adaptive traits and special habitat requirements. Therefore, we examined morphological and anatomical traits in relation to the water level, cover of vascular plants and seed viability of L. loeselii in habitats with different water level fluctuations. Field studies of L. loeselii were carried out in nine localities and four habitat types: alkaline fen, calcareous fen with Cladium mariscus, transition mire and quaking bog. The fluctuations of seasonal water level were defined in the range from dry substrate to short time flooding (up to two weeks). Leaf length and width of 30 flowering specimens of L. loeselii as well as angle between the leaf blade and the axis of the inflorescence were measured at each locality. Seed viability and root anatomy were examined in the laboratory. The leaf angle was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by water level in the studied habitat. The leaf length to width ratio in each population of L. loeselii did not show significant differences between the years, but was characteristic for the habitat type. L. loeselii sensitivity to the long-term flooding in the habitat is associated with a lack of aerenchyma in its roots. During short-term flooding specimens of L. loeselii can survive due to a shallow root system and hyponastic leaf movements. As evidenced by seed viability, the most favourable growth conditions for L. loeselii are in the habitats with partially water saturated substrate with balanced water supply.
- Published
- 2018
34. Leaf wax n-alkane extraction: An optimised procedure
- Author
-
Jörg Pross, Eva M Niedermeyer, Nicolò Ardenghi, and Andreas Mulch
- Subjects
Alkane ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Wax ,Chromatography ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Extraction (chemistry) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Solvent ,Hexane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Sample preparation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Dichloromethane - Abstract
Leaf wax n-alkanes are often extracted from modern plant material to describe their natural occurrence and understand the factors determining their potential as biomarkers for climate reconstruction. Despite several studies on the topic no standardised approach for n-alkane extraction from leaves has been yet devised. A common issue is the necessity to work on leaf subsamples to reduce co-extraction of unwanted polar compounds (e.g. chlorophyll), as they often interfere with individual steps involved in post-extraction, wet-chemical isolation of leaf wax n-alkanes. However, subsampling can generate biases regarding n-alkane distribution, concentration, and isotopic composition due to heterogeneities along the leaf sheath. Therefore, we propose and test an optimised extraction approach. Using leaves of Cladium mariscus and Typha angustifolia, we compared the effect on n-alkane extraction of two solvent mixtures, two extraction techniques and two sample preparation modalities. We found similar results for the two modes of sample preparation (intact vs. shredded leaf), while the use of the two solvent mixes and the two extraction techniques produced significantly different results. n-Hexane/dichloromethane 9:1 was almost twice as efficient (+97%) than the more commonly used dichloromethane/methanol 9:1, producing higher n-alkane yields while reducing co-elution of highly polar compounds. The best results, both for yield, sample processing time and solvent consumption, were achieved in combination with the accelerated solvent extraction technique, averagely +49% more efficient than ultrasound assisted solvent extraction. Alongside, we investigated the distribution of n-alkanes along the leaf sheath of C. mariscus.
- Published
- 2017
35. Ecologo-anatomic characteristics of the rare species Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl
- Author
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N. N. Petrishina, V. V. Nikolenko, and L. V. Bondareva
- Subjects
Geography ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Rare species ,Botany ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
36. Palaeoecological studies on the decline of Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae) in NE Poland.
- Author
-
Gałka, Mariusz and Tobolski, Kazimierz
- Subjects
- *
PALEOECOLOGY , *CLADIUM mariscus , *PLANT growth , *PLANT habitats , *SEDIMENTS - Abstract
The history of the occurrence of Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae) in NE Poland at the north-eastern limit of its distribution in Europe is discussed. The decline of the species may be related to gradual oligotrophication of its habitats, caused by the isolation of calcareous deposits and the decline of calcium carbonate in the substratum. The presence of C. mariscus in Kojle and Perty, lakes in NE Poland, is related to the occurrence of calcareous sediments, which may compensate for the lack of sufficient warmth. The occurrence of calcium carbonate in the substratum allows for the growth of C. mariscus in areas that are influenced significantly by a continental climate. The abundance of Ca2+ cations in the substratum compensates for that climatic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Identification of the sedge Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense and its possible use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal.
- Author
-
Sievers, Christine and Muasya, A. Muthama
- Subjects
CLADIUM mariscus ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
The Middle Stone Age deposits at Sibudu contain sedge (Cyperaceae) nutlets, which previously have been interpreted as indirect evidence of bedding. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the sedge nutlets through comparison of archaeological specimens with modern analogues. The presence of nutlets of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük, a 1-3 m tall sedge with long scabrid leaves, was unexpected and challenges the bedding hypothesis because of the minute sharp hairs along the midrib and margins of the leaf blades. Nevertheless, we argue for the use of Cladium as bedding material, possibly as the foundation on which softer matter was laid. It is possible that the Cladium nutlets and rhizomes may have been eaten and that the plant was also used as kindling or fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
38. Influence of polyphenols on low-loaded synthetic winery wastewater constructed wetland treatment with different plant species.
- Author
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Mena, J., Gómez, R., Villaseñor, J., and de Lucas, A.
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL wastes , *WINE industry , *PHRAGMITES australis , *PURPLE loosestrife , *CLADIUM mariscus , *IRIS pseudacorus , *OXYGEN , *OXIDATION-reduction reaction , *AMMONIUM - Abstract
Synthetic wastewaters simulating physically pre-treated low-loaded winery effluents were treated for four months with five pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) using different plants. Species under study were Phragmites australis (HSSF-CW2), Lythrum salicaria (HSSF-CW3), Cladium mariscus (HSSF-CW4), and Iris pseudacorus (HSSF-CW5). The designation HSSF-CW1 was not planted, and was used as a control. The mean dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential values in all HSSF-CWs indicated anaerobic conditions in the bulk liquid. High pollutant-removal efficiencies were obtained. Apparently, the species with higher growth (Phragmites, Lythrum, and particularly Iris) improved total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4+) removals, but adversely affected sulphate (SO42-) anaerobic reduction. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were high, although there were no clear indications how the kinds of plants might have influenced this parameter. A statistical analysis of variance indicated that only N-NH4+ removal efficiencies were statistically different owing to the influence of the different plants. In a second 6 month experimental period, polyphenols (13 mg L-1) were added to the synthetic wastewater to study possible inhibition effects. The addition of polyphenols did not seem to cause inhibition effects on COD, TN, and N-NH4+ removals, but clearly negatively affected SO42- removal. A new two-way analysis of variance confirmed that only SO42- removal was negatively affected by polyphenols, while the effects of the different plants were only significant for N-NH4+ removal. Polyphenols were nearly completely removed. First order rate constants obtained for COD, TN, SO42-, and polyphenol removals were similar to those reported by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Long-term changes in spatial patterns of emergent vegetation in a Mediterranean floodplain: natural versus anthropogenic constraints.
- Author
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Alvarez-Cobelas, M., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Cirujano, S., and Angeler, D. G.
- Subjects
VEGETATION & climate ,PLANT canopies ,ANTHROPOGENIC soils ,VEGETATION management ,FLOODPLAIN management ,CLADIUM mariscus ,SPATIAL variation ,MEDITERRANEAN climate ,WATER quality - Abstract
This study describes the long-term changes of spatial patterns of cut-sedge ( Cladium mariscus) and common reed ( Phragmites australis) in the Spanish floodplain wetland Las Tablas de Daimiel. Using seven sets of aerial photographs, we determined changes in their spatial patterns (size of patches) between 1945 and 2001 that resulted from combinations of natural change and anthropogenic stress (irrigated agriculture, waste water discharge, fire, ploughing). Our approach consisted in using 1 ha cells as units of spatial resolution in principal coordinates of neighbour matrices and spatial correlograms to assess the spatial scale of interest and spatial patterns at (1) the whole wetland and (2) two areas of the wetland with locally contrasting biophysical settings and anthropogenic stress history. Results showed that vegetation spatial patterns were influenced by natural variability until the 1970s. Thereafter, anthropogenic perturbation became the main driver of vegetation change, especially in the lower part of the wetland where local impacts were stronger. Natural variability did not fragment cut-sedge patches, and the effects of biological traits were less important for its spatial pattern. By contrast, man-made change resulted in a marked cut-sedge cover decrease and patch fragmentation, and the importance of its biological traits on spatial patterns increased. The trends of reed spatial patterns were generally opposite to, but not as clear as those for, cut-sedge. The trends of spatial patterns were especially evident at very broad (3,500–10,000 m) and broad (1,000–3,400 m) spatial scales. Competition for space and abiotic factors (water quality and water depth) were not strong predictors of cover variability at the 1-ha scale, particularly in the lower area of the wetland. This suggests that other environmental variables need to be considered in spatially explicit modelling of vegetation spatial patterns in wetlands. Consideration of spatial hierarchies and species-specific ecological traits is paramount to the conservation of degraded wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A Comparative Study of Five Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands using Different Plant Species for Domestic Wastewater Treatment.
- Author
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CAMACHO, J. VILLASEÑOR, MARTÍNEZ, A. DE LUCAS, GÓMEZ, R. GÓMEZ, and SANZ, J. MENA
- Subjects
DISSOLVED oxygen in water ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,NITROGEN removal (Sewage purification) ,WASTEWATER treatment ,PURPLE loosestrife ,CLADIUM mariscus ,PHRAGMITES australis - Abstract
This project studied domestic wastewater treatment by horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CW) and compared the effect of four different plant species on the operating conditions, dissolved oxygen (DO), and redox potential (ORP), and their efficiency on pollutants removal. Five HSSF CWs were fed for 10 months with low loaded synthetic domestic wastewater, using theoretical hydraulic residence time of 7.6 days. The plant species under study were the following: Phragmites australis (CW1), Lythrum salicaria (CW3), Cladium mariscus (CW4) and Iris pseudacorus (CW5). CW2 was not planted and this was used as control. Qualitative measurements determined a greater growth of Lythrum salicaria and Iris pseudacorus than the others. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were very low in the entire bulk liquid of all the CWs. Also ORP values were very similar in all wetlands, dealing with facultative anaerobic environments. All planted wetlands improved pollutants removal compared with the unplanted control wetland. The performances in terms of COD, TN, TP and SO42- removal obtained by the different CWs were in the ranges 80-90%, 35-55%, 15-40% and 45-60% respectively. Lythrum salicaria and Iris pseudacorus, which exhibited greater growth, were always the most efficient species that improved not only nutrients plant uptake but also other microbial removal processes probably due to a higher aeration potential, such as nitrification or aerobic respiration. Sulphate reduction was the most important mechanism for COD removal. Cladium mariscus, an autochthonous plant that grows in the south-central Iberian Peninsula, was less efficient than Lythrum salicaria and Iris pseudacorus, but improved the unplanted wetland wastewater efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The impact of aquatic macrophyte ( Salix sp. and Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl.) removal on habitat conditions and macroinvertebrates of tufa barriers (Plitvice Lakes, Croatia).
- Author
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Miliša, Marko, Kepčija, Renata Matoničkin, Radanović, Ines, Ostojić, Ana, and Habdija, Ivan
- Subjects
- *
CLADIUM mariscus , *EUTROPHICATION , *AQUATIC invertebrates , *FRESHWATER biology , *DETRITUS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
The effects of aquatic macrophyte (willows and sawgrass) removal on flow velocity, tufa deposition, POM dynamics, and macroinvertebrate community structure were studied in the tufa barrier habitats of the barrage system of Plitvice Lakes, Croatia. Samples were collected from two hydraulic habitats (fast > 100 cm s−1 and slow < 100 cm s−1) at both a control (no macrophytes removed) and impact (macrophytes removed) site. Samples were collected with a core sampler (four layers in vertical profile of barrier bed) monthly on 6 dates before and 7 dates after the removal of macrophytes. Macrophytes were removed in May 2002 at the impact site. After the macrophyte removal flow velocity decreased significantly at both hydraulic habitats. Retarded flow resulted in: (a) a decrease in macroinvertebrate density and diversity since most of the taxa were rheophilic (preferring habitats with higher flow velocity) and (b) an increase in POM concentrations (FPOM and UPOM) since decreases in flow velocity facilitate particle deposition in lotic habitats. The effects of macrophyte removal were present, and diminish along the vertical sediment profile of the barrier bed. Tufa deposition was not influenced by the macrophyte removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Transfer of selected heavy metals and radionuclides from calcareous peat to saw sedge ( Cladium mariscus) in eastern Poland.
- Author
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Komosa, A., Chibowski, S., Kitowski, I., Krawczyk, R., Orzeł, J., and Reszka, M.
- Subjects
- *
CLADIUM mariscus , *PLUTONIUM , *PEAT bogs , *RADIOISOTOPES - Abstract
The level of artificial and natural radionuclide concentration as well as heavy metal content were determined in samples of saw sedge and peat collected in the Special Protection Area of peat bogs near Chelm (Poland). Gamma- and alpha-spectrometry with proper sample preparation were used to determine natural gamma-emitters, artificial 137Cs and alpha-radiating plutonium (238Pu and 239,240Pu). Non radioactive elements were determined by AAS. Rather low level of heavy metal concentration in all samples was found, however, the transfer factors were significant. Peat contamination with artificial radionuclides (137Cs and plutonium) was low. Contrary, the concentration of these isotopes in saw sedge was higher than normally observed in non contaminated areas, what is a result of a significant transfer factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Contrasted effects of water limitation on leaf functions and growth of two emergent co-occurring plant species, Cladium mariscus and Phragmites australis
- Author
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Saltmarsh, Anna, Mauchamp, André, and Rambal, Serge
- Subjects
- *
LEAVES , *CLADIUM mariscus , *PHRAGMITES australis , *PLANT species - Abstract
Abstract: Phragmites australis tolerates a wider range of ecological conditions than Cladium mariscus and thus may be better adapted to disturbance resulting from human manipulations. We hypothesised that the difference in ecological conditions was related to differences in photosynthetic ability under water stress. We compared the reactions of the two species to water deficit related to the summer drawdown in the Mediterranean regions that may be enhanced by drainage for human activities. Stress tolerance was evaluated in a pot experiment measuring pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchanges, growth rates, living and dead biomass, for plants grown in waterlogged conditions or submitted to permanent or temporary drainage. Reed was favoured by the first days of drainage with an increase in CO2 assimilation by approximately 5μmolm−2 s−1 and an increase of the elongation rates from 1 to 1.5cmd−1, indicating waterlogged conditions were not optimal for this species. While pigment content showed no significant effects, growth rate, percentage live above-ground biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence and net rate of CO2 assimilation declined significantly for both species from days 5 to 7 after drying started. Assimilation rates reached 2.3 and 0.3μmolm−2 s−1 on day 9 for sawsedge and reed, respectively. Sawsedge had a 50% greater assimilation rate in the waterlogged conditions, but its responses to water loss in terms of declining growth rate and CO2 assimilation started on day 5 versus 7 for reed. By contrast, the condition of PSII as indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence was affected more in reed. Both growth rates and rates of CO2 assimilation had completely recovered for both species within 3 days of re-wetting. Our results reflect the evergreen character of sawsedge leaves that are hardly damaged by stress but decrease their activity. Reed leaves die upon excessive stress and plants may shed leaf as an adjustment to stress. Sawsedge photosynthesis will be optimal in waterlogged conditions whereas that of reed will be constant within a broad range from slightly drained to mild stress. Those responses to drainage at the leaf scale may partly explain the difference in habitat where both species are usually found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Rich fen development in CE Europe, resilience to climate change and human impact over the last ca. 3500 years
- Author
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Simon M. Hutchinson, Piotr Kołaczek, Liene Aunina, Mariusz Gałka, Karina Apolinarska, and Angelica Feurdean
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Peat ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,Ombrotrophic ,Oceanography ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Pollen ,medicine ,Radiocarbon dating ,Bog ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Macrofossil ,biology.organism_classification ,Geology - Abstract
Here, for the first time in SE Poland, we document the long-term development of a rich fen and assess its sensitivity to climate change and human impacts over the last ca. 3500 years. Our results are based on a high-resolution, continuous plant macrofossil remains, mollusc and pollen record, complemented by geochemical, mineral magnetic and physical characterisation, and radiocarbon dating from Bagno Serebryskie rich fen located in SE Poland. Based on the palaeoecological data we distinguished five stages of wet habitat conditions: 5000–3300, 2800–2150, 1600–1100, 750–230, 150–10 cal yr BP and five dry periods at ca. 3300–2800, 2150–1600, 1100–750, 230–150, 10 to − 64 cal yr BP. The pollen and geochemistry records, particularly Pb, show that the first human activity in the study area occurred ca. 3200 cal yr BP and increased markedly from 500 cal yr BP affecting local plant development including the population size of Cladium mariscus. Our study has shown that despite human impact (drainage, fire), Bagno Serebryskie peatland has hosted rare, presently protected species, such as Cladium mariscus for hundreds of years. We conclude that, in common with ombrotrophic bogs, rich fen ecosystems can provide a reliable source of palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological data. Our study also shows that a large peatland (376 ha) can be as sensitive a palaeohydrological archive as smaller mires.
- Published
- 2017
45. Natura 2000 protected habitats, Massaciuccoli Lake (northern Tuscany, Italy)
- Author
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Lorella Dell'Olmo, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Caterina Vicenti, and Daniele Viciani
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Wetland ,Wetlands ,vegetation ,habitat ,monitoring ,conservation ,GIS ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:G3180-9980 ,Peninsula ,Vegetation type ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:Maps ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cladium mariscus ,biology ,Ecology ,Forestry ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,Habitat ,Natura 2000 ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The Massaciuccoli Lake (northern Tuscany, Italy) Natura 2000 habitat map (1:10,000) was compiled from photo-interpretation and recent phytosociological studies, integrated by field surveys of the vegetation units. Conventional geographical information system procedures were used to select and manage spatial information. The following attributes were assigned to each map polygon: (i) vegetation type, (ii) habitat typology and (iii) percentage cover of the habitat type. Habitat types covering polygons smaller than 50 m2 were treated as points. A total of nine Natura 2000 habitat types were identified and mapped; they cover almost 20% of the study area. The results show that of all sites on the Italian peninsula, Lake Massaciuccoli Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus covers the largest surface area and is crucial for the national conservation of this habitat type. It is also of priority importance in Europe.
- Published
- 2017
46. Effects of winter mowing on vegetation succession in a lakeshore fen.
- Author
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Güsewell, Sabine, Le Nédic, Christophe, and Bakker, J. P.
- Subjects
- *
CLADIUM mariscus , *SAW-grass , *ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *WETLAND management , *AGRICULTURAL equipment - Abstract
To assess whether winter mowing in wetlands fulfils the aim of preventing succession towards drier communities, 34 permanent quadrats (15 m 2) were surveyed annually from 1984-1985 to 2000 within large mown and unmown (control) areas (several ha) in a calcareous lake shore fen (W Switzerland). Three trends were noticed: decrease of aquatic species, spread of Cladium mariscus and establishment of woody species (especially Alnus glutinosa and Frangula alnus). None of these trends was prevented by mowing, but mowing did prevent the accumulation of C. mariscus litter and kept woody saplings small. Succession was generally slow and often occurred in the form of sudden, discrete changes. Plant species richness increased with mowing and remained constant without mowing. Soil disturbance by the mowing machine contributed more to the effects of management on species composition than the periodic removal of biomass. It is concluded that mowing every three years in winter is insufficient to preserve semi-aquatic communities against succession but sufficient to maintain the plant species richness of a low productive, regularly flooded fen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The impact of mowing as a management strategy for wet meadows on spider (Araneae) communities
- Author
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Cattin, Marie-France, Blandenier, Gilles, Banašek-Richter, Carolin, and Bersier, Louis-Félix
- Subjects
- *
MEADOWS , *PLANTS - Abstract
Meadows are often managed by mowing to prevent succession and brushwood encroachment. This management practice is efficient to maintain plant diversity, but the effect on arthropod groups is less well known. We sampled spiders in the Grande Caric¸aie (Switzerland), a site of nature conservation importance, in two types of wet meadows, an unmanaged site and one 2-years-old mown conditions. Numbers of individuals for the most abundant families, diversity measures, and indicator taxa were compared among vegetation and treatment types. The results indicate that the less mobile spiders and species linked to litter or dead reeds, including rare species, are reduced by mowing. Present management consists in triennial mowing of 2–4 ha non-contiguous sectors. We investigate the conflict between the need to mow the meadows to maintain them, and the negative effect of mowing on spider communities. We therefore propose a new management scheme aimed at maintain the vegetation while lessening its negative effects on spider communities by providing refuges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Nutrient Dynamics and Eutrophication Patterns in a Semi-Arid Wetland: The Effects of Fluctuating Hydrology.
- Author
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Sánchez-Carrillo, S. and álvarez-Cobelas, M.
- Subjects
EUTROPHICATION ,LAKE restoration ,TETRAPYRROLES ,CLADIUM mariscus ,AQUATIC resources ,HYDROLOGY - Abstract
A three-year study was carried out in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, a Spanish semi-arid wetland, to describe eutrophication patterns and the responses of the main primary producers in contrasting inundation years. Total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (monthly) and emergent macrophyte cover (yearly) were measured together with water levels. Water balances were taken to assess phosphorus and nitrogen annual nutrient budgets. The wetland could be termed hypertrophic. Nutrients displayed distinct seasonality because nitrogen peaked both in winter and summer, whereas phosphorus did so in late spring and early summer. A reduction in both total nitrogen and phosphorus in humid years due to higher water levels was also observed. An important spatial heterogeneity in nutrient content occurred throughout the study, part of which could be ascribed to hydrological fluctuations since the input site showed higher mean values in rainy years. Mass balances suggested that sedimentation played a key role in nutrient dynamics, with macrophyte leaching and waterfowl additions being minor sources. Internal loading was much higher than external loading in this wetland, thereby being responsible for higher sedimentation rates. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a displayed seasonality, with peaks in late summer, when macrophyte activity was decreasing. No relationship between either chlorophyll-a and nutrients or hydrological conditions could be ascertained for most sampling stations and years of study. However, the water level-dependent, emergent macrophyte sawgrass (Cladium mariscus) presented a statistically significant relationship with both nitrogen and phosphorus. Our results demonstrate that macrophytes must be taken into account in wetland eutrophication models. A conceptual model comparing the responses of primary producers to eutrophication in lakes and wetlands is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Monitoring of the biological diversity of vegetation in the vicinity of Lake Kravtsovo
- Author
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V.V. Volkova and E.N. Seliverstova
- Subjects
Utricularia vulgaris ,biology ,Cladium mariscus ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Adonis vernalis ,Thelypteris palustris ,Agronomy ,Calamagrostis canescens ,Grazing ,GE1-350 ,021108 energy ,Carex panicea ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The purpose of this work was to conduct plant monitoring in the vicinity of Lake Kravtsovo within the framework of preserving animal and plant world biodiversity. Lake-swamp Kravtsovo - a unique object of the Stavropol upland, here you can study the diversity of almost half of the entire flora and fauna of Stavropol Territory. 139 species of vascular plants were registered in the studied territory, among which 11 are subject to protection – Paeonia tenuifolia L., Cladium mariscus (L.) Ponl, Iris notha M. Bieb., I. halophila Pall., Adonis vernalis L., Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth, Utricularia vulgaris L., Carex panicea L., C. ericetorum Pollich, Lythrum thesioides Bieb, Thelypteris palustris Schott. In the structure of the coenosis, the most part is occupied by forbs – 67 %, then cereals – 27 %, legumes in a smaller amount – 6 %. The composition and structure of the community are changed in some way by grazing of farm animals, land plowing and afforestation (a characteristic increase in the proportion of shrubs and trees). The initial stage of pasture degression and the associated increase in the role of associated grazing species (poisonous, prickly, poorly eaten and weedy) are observed. The horizontal structure of the vegetation cover is also heterogeneous.
- Published
- 2021
50. A multi-proxy long-term ecological investigation into the development of a late Holocene calcareous spring-fed fen ecosystem (Raganu Mire) and boreal forest at the SE Baltic coast (Latvia).
- Author
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Gałka, Mariusz, Feurdean, Angelica, Sim, Thomas G., Tobolski, Kazimierz, Aunina, Liene, and Apolinarska, Karina
- Subjects
- *
TAIGAS , *LITTLE Ice Age , *HOLOCENE Epoch , *LAND cover , *FORESTED wetlands , *WATERSHEDS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *FOREST fire ecology - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Multi-proxy long-term ecological studies are important tool to indicate peatland state. • Climate change and land cover in the catchment impact development of spring-fed fen. • Mollusc populations are sensitive to hydrological disturbances. • Restoring spring-fed ecosystems may also require catchment restoration. The calcareous substrate of spring-fed fens makes them unique islands of biodiversity, hosting endangered, vulnerable, and protected vascular plants. Hence, spring-fed fens ecosystems require special conservation attention because many of them are destroyed (e.g. drained, forested) and it is extremely difficult or even impossible to restore the unique hydrogeological and geochemical conditions enabling their function. The long-term perspective of paleoecological studies allows indication of former wetland ecosystem states and provides understanding of their development over millennia. To examine the late Holocene dynamics of a calcareous spring-fed fen (Raganu Mire) ecosystem on the Baltic Sea coast (Latvia) in relation to environmental changes, substrate and human activity, we have undertaken high-resolution analyses of plant macrofossils, pollen, mollusc, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes combined with radiocarbon dating (AMS) in three coring locations. Our study revealed that peat deposits began accumulating ca. 7000 cal. yr BP and calcareous deposits (tufa) from 1450 cal. yr BP, coinciding with regional hydrological changes. Several fire events occurred between 4000 and 1600 cal. yr BP, which appeared to have had a limited effect on local vegetation. The most significant changes in the forest and peatland ecosystems were at 3200 cal. yr BP associated with a dry climate stage and high fire activity, and then between 1400 and 500 cal. yr BP potentially associated with temperature changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age. Hydrological disturbances in the peatland catchment from 1400 cal. yr BP were most likely strengthened by human activity (deforestation) in this region. The relationship between the development of this peatland and changes in its catchment area, such as land cover changes or fluctuations in groundwater levels, suggest that protection and restoration of spring-fed fen ecosystems should also include the surrounding catchment. The presence of calcareous sediments, as well as appropriate temperature and local hydrological conditions appear to be the most crucial factors controlling Cladium marisus populations in our site - currently at the eastern limit of its distribution in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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