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Cladonia merochlorophaea Asahina (Fig. 14) NOTES The Hungarian specimens contain fumarprotocetraric, cryptochlorophaeic, congrayanic, 4-O-methyl-cryptochlorophaeic, 4-O-demethyl-grayanic, rangiformic and merochlorophaeic acids and they belong to the chemically most diverse species of the group. The podetia are darker brown or gray, strongly melanotic at base (Stenroos et al. 2011, 2016; Ahti et al. 2013). Soredia are relatively larger (11-168 µm) than at other species. It is characterised by relatively tall (1.9-17.3 mm) and broad (0.8-7.5 mm) scyphi with wide (0.3-3.1 mm) stalk. C. merochlorophaea differs from C. asahinae in a number of characters (CH, CW, PH, PHCW, sor, SW), from C. chlorophaea and C. novochlorophaea in the mean length of squamules on podetia, from C. grayi in size of soredia and width of stalk, from C. novochlorophaea it also differs in stalk width and in the length of squamules. (Table 1). It is collected more often on acidic, but also on calcareous soil, mossy soil, in coniferous forest, sometimes in oak or mixed forest, between 200 and 760 m a.s.l. in hilly regions in Hungary, in the Soproni-hegység, Őrség, the Vendvidék, the Balaton Uplands, the Bükk and the Zemplén Mts, similarly to C. cryptochlorophaea. Holien & TØnsberg (1985), Kowalewska et al. (2008) and Matwiejuk (2017) reported its frequency from pine forests. Localities of C. merochlorophaea in Hungary are more rich in pine forests than other regions within the country., Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["STENROOS S., AHTI T., LOHTANDER K. & MYLLYS L. 2011. - Suomen jakalaopas [Lichen flora of Finland]. Norrlinia 21: 1 - 534.","STENROOS S., VELMALA V., PYKALA J. & AHTI T. 2016. - Lichens of Finland. Norrlinia 30: 1 - 896.","AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p.","HOLIEN H. & TONSBERG T. 1985 - Notes on Cladonia asahinae, C. conista and the C. grayi - group in Norway. Gunneria 51: 1 - 26.","KOWALEWSKA A., KUKWA M., OSTROWSKA I., JABLONSKA A., OSET M. & SZOK J. 2008. - The lichens of the Cladonia pyxidata - chlorophaea group and allied species in Poland. Herzogia 21: 61 - 78.","MATWIEJUK A. 2017. - The revision of specimens of the Cladonia pyxidata - chlorophaea group (lichenized Ascomycota) from northeastern Poland deposited in the herbarium collections of University in Bialystok. Acta Mycologica 51 (2): 1087. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5586 / am. 1087"]}

Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (Fig. 11) NOTES It contains fumarprotocetraric acid (itself or with related compound protocetraric acid – not analysed separately). Their colour is pale greenish brown, the margin of the scyphi is dentate and becoming broken and denuded with age, the base of the podetia is not melanotic (Ahti et al. 2013). The soredia are granulose and thus measured as relatively larger (34-138µm) than in other species in Hungary. It has relatively tall (3.6-20.8 mm) and broad (1.1-7.9 mm) scyphi with short stalk. Differences were found from C. asahinae in several characters (CH, CW, PH, PHCW, sor, SW), from C. cryptochlorophaea in height of cup and podetium, from C. grayi in the height of podetium, from C. merochlorophaea in the length of squamules and from C. novochlorophaea in the height of the podetium (Table 1). It is the most frequent and most widely spread species in Hungary among the C. chlorophaea s.l. species. C. chlorophaea is found on calcareous soil, in deciduous and coniferous forests, at the basis of various tree species (e.g. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Betula pendula Roth, Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus spp., Robinia pseudoacacia L.), sometimes on stumps on lignum or thatched roof and almost equally frequent in the Hungarian Great Plain (70-200 m a.s.l.) and in hilly regions (up to c. 1000 m a.s.l.) in Hungary. However, specimens from hilly regions were mostly recognised as other C. chlorophaea s.l. species during our revision., Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 70, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p."]}

Cladonia asahinae J.W.Thomson (Fig. 10) NOTES The Hungarian specimens contain rangiformic and norrangiformic acids. ThoughThomson (1976) indicated the presence of fumarprotocetraric acid and protolichesterinic acid in the original description of the species, according to the chemical revision of Hennings (1983) the type specimen contains rangiformic and norrangiformic acids and not protolichesterinic acid, just as in the specimens investigated from Hungary. The shape of the rather thin podetia is similar to that of Cladonia fimbriata having thin and short cups. According to various literature sources (Thomson 1976; Holien &TØnsberg 1985; Ahti et al. 2013) C. asahinae is less farinose than that species, since towards the not melanotic base corticated granules appear, furthermore the small squamules at the base of podetia asah chlo cry gra mero novo Species 10 8 6, Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["HENNINGS C. J. 1983 - The Cladonia chlorophaea - C. fimbriata complex in western Washington. The Bryologist 86: 64 - 73.","THOMSON J. W. 1976. [1977] - Cladonia asahinae sp. nov. from western North America. Journal of Japanese Botany 51: 360 - 364.","HOLIEN H. & TONSBERG T. 1985 - Notes on Cladonia asahinae, C. conista and the C. grayi - group in Norway. Gunneria 51: 1 - 26.","AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p."]}

Cladonia grayi G.Merr. ex Sandst. (Fig. 13) NOTES The Hungarian sepecimens contain fumarprotocetraric, grayanic and 4-O-demethyl-grayanic acids. Their colour is rather grayish, from greenish to pale gray, at base weakly melanotic (Stenroos et al. 2011, 2016; Ahti et al. 2013). Podetia are medium tall (1.9-16 mm) with relatively wide (0.7-6.2 mm) and high (0.4-6.8 mm) cup. C. grayi differs from C. asahinae in the ratio of podetium height to cup width, from C. chlorophaea in podetium height, from C. merochlorophaea in size of soredia and width of stalk. None of the measured characters were significantly different between C. cryptochlorophaea, C. novochlorophaea and C. grayi (Table 1). The species is extremely rare in Hungary and it represents a new distribution record to the country, collected on acidic soil mostly, more often in coniferous forests, but occasionally on Quercus spp., between 200-300 m a.s.l. in the Vendvidék, W-Hungary only. Matwiejuk (2017) reported its frequency from pine forests. The localities in W-Hungary are also rich in pine forests., Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["STENROOS S., AHTI T., LOHTANDER K. & MYLLYS L. 2011. - Suomen jakalaopas [Lichen flora of Finland]. Norrlinia 21: 1 - 534.","STENROOS S., VELMALA V., PYKALA J. & AHTI T. 2016. - Lichens of Finland. Norrlinia 30: 1 - 896.","AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p.","MATWIEJUK A. 2017. - The revision of specimens of the Cladonia pyxidata - chlorophaea group (lichenized Ascomycota) from northeastern Poland deposited in the herbarium collections of University in Bialystok. Acta Mycologica 51 (2): 1087. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5586 / am. 1087"]}

Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László, Veres, Katalin (2023): Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5): 61-82, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2

Cladonia novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti (Fig. 15) NOTES The Hungarian specimens contain fumarprotocetraric and homosekikaic acids. Their colour is dark to blackish brown,darker at base (Stenroos et al. 2011, 2016; Ahti et al. 2013). They have medium sized podetia (2-11.6 mm high) and stalk (0.24-1 mm wide) with tall (0.4-10.5 mm) cup and medium diameter (18-81 µm) of granulose soredia. C. novochlorophaea differs from C. asahinae in cup height and podetium height related to cup width, from C. chlorophaea in podetium height, from C. cryptochlorophaea in cup height and in the ratio of the corticated part of the podetium to the height of the whole podetium and from C. merochlorophaea in stalk width and in the length of squamules. None of the measured characters were significantly different between C. novochlorophaea and C. grayi (Table 1). C. novochlorophaea is a very rare species in Hungary and it represents a new distribution record to the country, collected on acidic soil between 250 and 450 m a.s.l. in the Bakony Mts, the Balaton Uplands and the Visegrádi Mts, lignicolous, while in NE Poland it was found on soil, wood and bark of Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. in open habitats and forests (Matwiejuk 2017)., Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 73, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["STENROOS S., AHTI T., LOHTANDER K. & MYLLYS L. 2011. - Suomen jakalaopas [Lichen flora of Finland]. Norrlinia 21: 1 - 534.","STENROOS S., VELMALA V., PYKALA J. & AHTI T. 2016. - Lichens of Finland. Norrlinia 30: 1 - 896.","AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p.","MATWIEJUK A. 2017. - The revision of specimens of the Cladonia pyxidata - chlorophaea group (lichenized Ascomycota) from northeastern Poland deposited in the herbarium collections of University in Bialystok. Acta Mycologica 51 (2): 1087. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5586 / am. 1087"]}

Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina (Fig. 12) NOTES The Hungarian specimens contain fumarprotocetraric, cryptochlorophaeic, quesitic (?), norrangiformic and thamnolic acids. a ccrg mn a ccrg mn a ccrg mn a ccrg mn a ccrg mn a ccrg mn Their colour is dark greenish grey, weakly black melanotic at base. The scyphi are hardly dentate at margin, the basis of the stalk is usually blackening (Stenroos et al. 2011, 2016; Ahti et al. 2013). The podetia are medium tall (1.7-15.1 mm) with relatively wide (1-6.9 mm) and short(0.7-5.6 mm) cup.The soredia are granulose, their diameter is medium to large (13-138 µm). C. cryptochlorophaea differs from C. asahinae in the width of cup and podetium height related to cup width, from C. chlorophaea in the height of the cup and podetium height, from C. merochlorophaea in podetium height, size of soredia and width of stalk and from C. novochlorophaea in the height of the cup and the ratio of the corticated part of the podetium to the height of the whole podetium. None of the measured characters were significantly different between C. cryptochlorophaea and C. grayi (Table 1). It is a rare species, collected on calcareous and siliceous soil, in deciduous, more often in coniferous forest, at the edge of the forests or along paths between 200 and 650 m a.s.l. in the Őrség, the Vendvidék, the Little Hungarian Plain, the Bakony, the Bükk and the Zemplén Mts, more or less covering the country’s hilly regions., Published as part of Farkas, Edit, Lőkös, László & Veres, Katalin, 2023, Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary, pp. 61-82 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a5, http://zenodo.org/record/8055982, {"references":["STENROOS S., AHTI T., LOHTANDER K. & MYLLYS L. 2011. - Suomen jakalaopas [Lichen flora of Finland]. Norrlinia 21: 1 - 534.","STENROOS S., VELMALA V., PYKALA J. & AHTI T. 2016. - Lichens of Finland. Norrlinia 30: 1 - 896.","AHTI T., STENROOS S. & MOBERG R. 2013. - Nordic Lichen Flora. Vol. 5: Cladoniaceae. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University on behalf of Nordic Lichen Society, Uppsala, 117 p."]}

RESUMEN Los trópicos albergan la mayor biodiversidad del planeta, pero todavía son zonas inexploradas. Entre estas áreas remotas se encuentran los Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza, en la provincia de Zamora Chin-chipe, al sureste de Ecuador. Constituyen sistemas montañosos aislados de gran importancia biológica y con altos niveles de endemicidad. Debido a estas características, el objetivo principal del estudio es elaborar el primer catálogo de líquenes epifitos de varios Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza. Como resultado de dos expediciones realizadas en los Tepuyes, entre 900 y 2000 m de altitud, se recolectaron aproximadamente 1.000 muestras de líquenes en diferentes hábitats: bosque denso piemontano, bosque denso montano bajo, bosque chaparro y páramo arbustivo atípico. Se identificaron 174 especies, pertenecientes a 57 géneros y 26 familias. De ellas, trece especies son nuevos registros para Sudamé-rica, 64 para Ecuador y 132 para la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe. Se encontraron nuevos quimiótipos para especies de la familia Cladoniaceae. La forma de crecimiento crustácea fue dominante, con alrededor del 40 % de la riqueza total, siendo Graphidaceae la familia con mayor riqueza (27 especies). Predominaron las especies de líquenes con alga verde como fotobionte, presentando Trenthepholia un gran número de especies (66 especies). Este catálogo es una primera aproximación al conocimiento de la diversidad de líquenes de los Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza, donde el alto número de nuevos registros indican la falta de conocimiento de la diversidad asociada a estos bosques tropicales. ABSTRACT Tropics harbour the greatest biodiversity in the planet but are still largely unknown. Among these remote areas, there are the Tepuyes of Nangaritza Valley, in the Zamora Chinchipe province, southeastern Ecuador. They constitute isolated mountainous systems with great biological importance and high levels of endemicity. Therefore, the main objective of this study was the elaboration of the first catalogue of epiphytic lichens from several Tepuyes in the Nangaritza Valley. Two expeditions were carried out in two Tepuyes, between 900 and 2000 m of altitude, approximately 1,000 samples of lichens where collected at different habitats: piemontane wet forest, lower montane wet forest, dwarf forest, and paramillo. We identified 174 lichen species, belonging to 57 genera and 26 families. We found thirteen new records for South America, 64 for Ecuador, and 132 for the Zamora Chinchipe province. New chemotypes for species belonging to the Cladoniaceae family were found. Lichens with a crustose growth-form were the most abundant with around 40 % of the total richness, being Graphidaceae the richest family (27 species). Lichen species with green algae as photobiont were dominant, and especially those with Trenthepholia (66 species). This catalogue is a first approximation to the knowledge of the diversity of lichens from the Tepuyes of the Nangaritza Valley, and the high number of new records indicates a lack of knowledge of the biodiversity from these tropical forests.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Forest fires in the Serra de Itabaiana/SE National Park (PARNASI) occur practically every year, these events are the result of anthropic actions, according to the park's management plan, tourism, vandalism and agriculture stand out due to the use and land occupation. Such actions impact the dynamics of the landscape, especially in the research area, the savanna formation (cerrado). The main objective of the research was to identify the potential of lichens of the Cladoniaceae family for bioindication of the history of forest fire in the natural open formation landscape unit in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park - Sergipe. We sought to test the hypothesis of the distribution pattern of lichens, mainly those of the Cladoniaceae family, which could be shown as potential bioindicators of the occurrence of forest fires in areas of natural open formations. Based on a theoretical framework dealing with forest fires and the impacts on landscape dynamics, the lichen of the Cladoniaceae family as a potential bioindicator and the dynamic process of the park landscape in a post-fire scenario. In the methodology, it characterizes the study area, presents the method and procedures used in the research. For data analysis, a survey of fire scars was carried out with a temporal cut of 1985-2020 following the methodology of MapBiomas Fogo, and with the accomplishment of the projective interview with manager and brigadistas, using the PARNASI location map for temporal location of events of fires, in order to validate the role of lichens of the Cladoniaceae family as a bioindicator of fires in the park. The occurrence of lichens of the Parmeliaceae family in the area of fire occurrence in PARNASI had a significant percentage, as well as in areas where there was no record of fires, corroborating the bioindicator potential of forest fires in the park and to monitor areas with possible anthropic disturbances. Lichen, being an organism extremely sensitive to environmental changes, is able to bioindicate such events so that it can recover areas that were taken by fire. Os incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana/SE (PARNASI) ocorrem praticamente todos os anos; esses eventos são decorrentes de ações antrópicas, segundo o plano de manejo do parque, que aponta o turismo, o vandalismo e a agricultura, sendo que esta se destaca devido ao uso e à ocupação da terra. Tais ações impactam na dinâmica da paisagem, sobretudo, na área de pesquisa, a formação savânica (cerrado). A pesquisa teve como principal objetivo identificar o potencial de liquens da família Cladoniaceae para bioindicação do histórico de incêndio florestal na unidade de paisagem de formação aberta natural no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana – Sergipe. Buscou-se testar a hipótese do padrão de distribuição dos liquens, principalmente sendo os da família Cladoniaceae, podendo mostrar-se como potenciais bioindicadores da ocorrência de incêndios florestais em áreas de formações abertas naturais. Embasa-se em um referencial teórico tratando dos incêndios florestais e dos impactos na dinâmica da paisagem, do líquen da família Cladoniaceae como um potencial bioindicador e do processo dinâmico da paisagem do parque em um cenário pós-fogo. Na metodologia, caracteriza-se a área de estudo e se apresentam o método e os procedimentos utilizados na pesquisa. Para análise dos dados, foi feito um levantamento das cicatrizes de incêndios com um recorte temporal de 1985-2020, seguindo metodologia do MapBiomas Fogo, e com a realização da entrevista projetiva com gestor e brigadistas, usando o mapa de localização do PARNASI para localização temporal dos eventos dos incêndios, de modo a validar o papel dos liquens da família Cladoniaceae como bioindicador de incêndios no parque. A ocorrência dos liquens da família Parmeliaceae na área de ocorrência de incêndios no PARNASI teve um percentual significativo em áreas em que não houve registro de incêndios, corroborando o potencial bioindicador de incêndios florestais no parque e para monitorar as áreas com possíveis perturbações antrópicas. O líquen, sendo um organismo extremamente sensível às alterações ambientais, é capaz de bioindicar tais eventos, de modo que possa recuperar as áreas que foram tomadas pelo fogo. São Cristóvão

Cladonia subturgidais a Mediterranean species that has been overlooked. Apparently it was restricted to the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands. However, during the study of the genusCladoniain the Mediterranean region, new populations from 44 localities were found in: south France, Sardinia, south Italian peninsula, Crete and continental Greece. Distribution models based on MaxEnt, GLM, GAM and MARS algorithms were used to estimate the potential distribution ofC. subturgida.Sicily, Corsica and the north of Africa were regions with suitable climatic conditions forC. subturgidawhere it has not been reported yet. The climatic variables with greatest relative influence in theC. subturgidadistribution were the Precipitation of Warmest Quarter and the Annual Precipitation. Additionally, the ITS rDNA region was used to study the genetic variation of this species across its distribution area. Eleven haplotypes were found, one of them widely distributed through its geographical range. AMOVA analyses indicated lack of geographical structure.

The terricolous species Cladonia foliacea (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) widely distributed in open, dry lowland steppe and rocky mountain grassland vegetation in Europe was chosen as a potential test organism for ecological experiments, since their thalli are producing cortical solar radiation-protective and UV screening pigment dibenzofuran usnic acid and medullary secondary substance depsidone fumarprotocetraric acid. Significant seasonal differences were found in the amounts of lichen secondary metabolites analysed by HPTLC and HPLC-PDA between summer and winter collected thalli in sandy grassland area in Hungary. The concentrations of usnic acid varied between 7.34 and 15.52 mg/g in summer collected samples and 13.90 and 21.61 mg/g in winter collected ones. A comparable amount (11.61±0.29 mg/g) was measured in pulverised samples. The concentrations of fumarprotocetraric acid varied between 0.60 and 3.01 mg/g in summer collected samples and 2.26 and 5.81 mg/g in winter collected thalli. A comparable amount (2.45±0.21 mg/g) was found in pulverised samples. The range of concentration values is comparable with data known from lichens. A higher amount of usnic acid is produced in winter probably to ensure sufficient protection also for summer. The fumarprotocetraric acid content of the medulla might contribute to the solar irradiation reflecting role of the pale lower surface lobes turning upwards in dry condition.

espanolComo consecuencia de la recoleccion en 61 localidades efectuada en 2018, se amplia a 42 taxones del genero Cladonia, ademas se aportan diez especies nuevas para Montenegro, Cladonia cariosa, C. coccifera, C. cyathomorpha, C. digitata, C. diversa, C. homosekikaica, C. imbricarica, C. merochlorophaea, C. novochlorophaea y C. subulata. Se amplia la distribucion de muchos de los taxones citados con anterioridad para el territorio. Se discute la variabilidad quimica y la distribucion de cada una de las especies encontradas. EnglishAs a result of collections made in 61 locations during the year 2018, the number of Cladonia taxa is enlarged to 42, and ten new records of Cladonia are provided to Montenegro, Cladonia cariosa, C. coccifera, C. cyathomorpha, C. digitata, C. diversa, C. homosekikaica, C. imbricarica, C. merochlorophaea, C. novochlorophaea and C. subulata. The distribution of many taxa previously known for the territory is extended. The chemical variation and the distribution of each species are discussed.

Pilophorus boninanus n. sp. (Figs. 1A���D, 2A���B) Pilophorus perplexus: Carvalho, 1956: 70 (faunal list) (non Douglas & Scott, 1875). Pilophorus setulosus: Schuh, 1984: 126 (diag.) (non Horv��th, 1905; cf. Yasunaga et al., 2021). Type material. Holotype (♂). JAPAN: Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Chiohi Jima [misspelling of ���Chichi��� Jima], Sakai Ura [27��05���11���N 142��12���27���E], 4 Jul 1949, A. R. Mead [with two det. labels: Pilophorus perplexus (H.S.) / JCM Carvalho, 1954 and P. setulosus Horvath / R. T. Schuh, 1982] (BPBM) (AMNH _ PBI 00380692) . Paratype. JAPAN: Bonin Islands, Ani Jima, north end [27��08���33���N 142��11���31���E], 11 Jul 1949, A. R. Mead, 1 ♀ (BPBM) (00380693). Diagnosis. Recognized by its rather ovoid, weakly ant-mimetic body that is not strongly constricted at the middle; sparsely distributed, dark, semierect setae on the dorsum; somewhat clavate antennal segment II; brown hemelytra with a continuous median band of scale-like setae; weakly splayed-out left paramere with rather elongate hypophysis (Fig. 2A); and slender, J-shaped vesica with a small, bifurcate median process (Fig. 2B). This new species is most similar in general appearance to P. miyamotoi Linnavuori (Fig. 1E), from which P. boninanus can be distinguished by the following characters: vertex wider [versus less than 0.6 mm in miyamotoi]; anterior half of scutellar margin with silvery setae [versus anterior 1/3 with clustered silvery setae]; short anterior band of silvery setae at an angle of 55�� to claval commissure (Fig. 1A) [versus 30���35�� (Fig. 1E)]; left paramere cup-shaped, with elongate hypophysis (Fig. 2A) [versus splayed-out with short hypophysis (Fig. 2C)]; and vesical bifurcate median process smaller, situated rather basally (Fig. 2B) [versus broader and situated at apical 1/3 (Fig. 2D)]. Description. Macropterous male: Overall length 3.90, length from apex of head to cuneal fracture 3.00, maximum width (across base of cuneus) 1.55. General coloration dark brown, with clavus and majority of corium yellowish-brown (Figs. 1A, C). Head: Length 0.35, width across eyes 1.10, dark brown; eyes dark red, length 0.45, width 0.45; vertex width 0.75; frons and vertex shining, bearing scattered, semi-recumbent, short golden setae. Antennae with segment I yellowishbrown, segment II medium brown basally intergrading to dark brown distally, segment III pale yellow, segment IV missing; segment I bearing 3 erect spinose golden setae, all segments thickly covered with short, stiff, semi-erect goldenbrown setae; lengths of segments I���IV: 0.30, 1.30, 0.45, missing. Labium length 1.60, reaching to between middle coxae and hind coxae, entirely shining reddish-brown. Thorax: Pronotum length 0.60, width 1.25, weakly campanulate, uniformly dark brown, surface shining, bearing scattered short, semi-recumbent, simple golden setae. Scutellum length 0.75, width 0.85, uniformly dark brown, mesoscutum transversely tumid, central scutellum weakly raised; surface bearing scattered short, semi-erect, golden, simple setae plus 3 small patches of dense, recumbent silvery setae, two of these lying basally at anterolateral angles of scutellum adjoining mesoscutum, the third extending as a narrow transverse band immediately anterior to scutellar apex. Hemelytra with clavus, inner two-thirds of corium, and inner corium on posterior third dull yellowish-brown, outer corium on posterior third and adjacent cuneus shining dark brown; hemelytral surface bearing scattered, moderately short, recumbent, posteriorly-directed, spine-like, reddish-brown setae; corium with narrow transverse band of short, dense, silvery setae at one-third distance from basal angle, a second similarly narrow silvery band present at approximately two-thirds distance from basal angle, the latter (median) band also extending transversely across subapical portion of clavus; diffusely scattered silvery setae also present at inner angle of cuneus and along adjacent posterior margin of corium. Legs uniformly reddish-brown, all segments clothed with very short, recumbent, gold setae; all tibiae bearing erect, dark brown spines, lengths of these spines not exceeding the width of the respective tibia on which they occur. Ventral surface: Pale shining reddish-brown, ostiolar peritreme prominent, dull yellowish-brown, abdomen missing. Genitalia (Fig. 2A���B): Left paramere cup-shaped, with blunt, broadly rounded basal lobe (sensory lobe) and slender, tapering distal process (hypophysis) tapering to slight hook apically (Fig. 2). Structures of J-shaped vesica as shown in Fig. 2B (not removed from phallotheca); median process small, bifurcate. Macropterous female: Overall length 3.90, length from tip of tylus to cuneal fracture 3.00, maximum width (across base of cuneus) 1.50; similar to male in general structure and coloration (Figs. 1C���D), with following exceptions: ventral abdomen shining blackish brown, with ovipositor sheath extending 0.65 its length posteromedially. Etymology. Named for the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, the type locality of this new species. Distribution. Japan: Ani-Jima and Chichi Jima in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Discussion. The Ogasawara Islands (also referred to as the Bonin Islands) are a set of subtropical oceanic islands known to harbor a unique fauna and flora, with a number of endemic organisms (cf. Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan, 2007 ���2011; UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1992 ���2001). More than ten heteropterans are regarded to be endemic to the island-group, whereas some introduced bugs (predaceous species in particular) threaten the indigenous species (Yasunaga, 1995, 2000, 2001; Yasunaga et al., 1993). Currently, the following sixteen species of the Miridae are known to inhabit the Ogasawara Islands [*considered endemic; ���NT: Near Threatened rank in the official Red List of Japanese Ministry of Environment]: Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter, 1875), Campylomma boharti Carvalho, 1956 *, C. boninensis Carvalho, 1956 *, C. livida Reuter, 1885, Moissonia punctata (Fieber, 1861), Tytthus chinensis (St��l, 1860), Pilophorus boninanus n. sp. *, Sthenaridea piceonigra (Motschulsky, 1863), S. rufescens (Poppius, 1915), Anthophilolygus bakeri (Poppius, 1915), Creontiades brevis Yasunaga, 1997 *, C. coloripes Hsiao, 1963, Lygocorias boninensis (Yasunaga, 1992) *���, Paurolygus sp. (Schwartz & Yasunaga, unpublished data), Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber, 1861) and Trigonotylus tenuis Reuter, 1893. Our pair of specimens of Pilophorus from this archipelago were previously recorded as P. perplexus by Carvalho (1956) and P. setulosus (Fig. 1F, 2F���G) by Schuh (1984), both of which are predominantly associated with deciduous broadleaf trees in temperate or cold temperate climatic zones (cf. Schuh & Schwartz, 1988; Yasunaga, 2001). Some subsequent works (Yasunaga, 2001; Yasunaga & Duwal, 2016; Yasunaga et al., 2021) doubted the occurrence of such species on these isolated subtropical islands. The present new species was also suspected to have been introduced to the islands from another part of Japan or the Nearctic Region (as Ogasawara was administered by the United States after World War II from 1945 to 1978). However, the present examination of the male genitalia verifies that Pilophorus boninanus n. sp. does not match any other congeners known from Japan and adjacent regions. In addition, no Nearctic Pilophorus species is conspecific with it, based on the diagnostic characters including the male genitalia and in the key to the New World Pilophorus congeners provided by Schuh & Schwartz (1988). In the key to Japanese Pilophorus species (Yasunaga et al., 2021), the specimens from the Ogasawara Islands will key out to P. miyamotoi Linnavuori, but P. boninanus n. sp. can be distinguished by the characters mentioned in above diagnosis. The current preponderance of evidence suggests that P. boninanus n. sp. is endemic to Ogasawara Islands, although further field investigation is encouraged to acquire additional specimens and biological data that will allow clarification of its plausible phylogenetic position., Published as part of Polhemus, Dan A. & Yasunaga, Tomohide, 2021, A new species of the plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), pp. 447-450 in Zootaxa 5060 (3) on pages 447-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/5635770, {"references":["Carvalho, J. C. M. (1956) Insects of Micronesia: Miridae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 7, 100 pp.","Schuh, R. T. (1984) Revision of the Phylinae (Hemiptera, Miridae) of the Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 177, 1 - 476.","Yasunaga, T., Duwal, R. K. & Nakatani, Y. (2021) Reclassification of the plant bug genus Pilophorus in Japan and key to the genera and species of Japanese Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa, 4942 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4942.1.1","Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan (2007 - 2011) Ogasawara Islands Nature Information Center. Available from: http: // ogasawara-info. jp / en / index. html (accessed 3 October 2021)","UNESCO World Heritage Centre (1992 - 2001) Ogasawara Islands. Available from: https: // whc. unesco. org / en / list / 1362 / (accessed 3 October 2021)","Yasunaga, T. (1995) Heteropteran fauna and zoogeography of Bonin Islands. The Nature & Insects, 30 (1), 18 - 21. [in Japanese]","Yasunaga, T. (2000) Anthocorid bugs of the tribe Oriini (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 353 - 359.","Yasunaga, T. (2001) Family Miridae Hahn, plant bugs. In: Yasunaga, T., Takai, M. & Kawasawa, T. (Eds.), A Field Guide to Japanese Bugs II. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 2 - 96 + 111 - 351. [in Japanese]","Yasunaga, T., Takai, M., Yamashita, I., Kawamura, M. & Kawasawa, T. (1993) A Field Guide to Japanese Bugs. Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, 380 pp. [in Japanese]","Schuh, R. T. & Schwartz, M. D. (1988) Revision of the New World Pilophorini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 187, 101 - 201.","Yasunaga, T. & Duwal, R. K. (2016) Three new species of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini). Zootaxa, 4117 (2), 172 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.2.2"]}

Polhemus, Dan A., Yasunaga, Tomohide (2021): A new species of the plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5060 (3): 447-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.10

Previously known only from the North and Central America, the lichenized fungi Cladonia dimorphoclada Robbins is recorded for the first time in South America. The specimens were found growing on soil, in an open area at 1695 m alt., in Southern Brazil. We present a distribution map, figures, and comments.

Burgaz, A. R., Gutierrez-Larruga, B., Rodriguez-Arribas, C. & Pino-Bodas, R. 2020. The genus Cladonia from Greece. – Herzogia 33: 340 –376.A study of the Cladoniaceae has been carried out in Greece, based on collections from 223 different localities. Thirty four Cladonia species were found, seven of which are new records to Greece, Cladonia conista, C. corsicana, C. digitata, C. macrophyllodes, C. peziziformis, C. polycarpoides and C. subturgida. As a result of this study the total number of Greek Cladonia species rises to 43. The currently known distribution ranges in Greece as well as information about the chemical variability of most of the species are provided. A key to all the Cladonia taxa known from Greece is included.

Turkonalassus mavi M. Nabozhenko & B. Keskin, sp. n. and Odocnemis rufocruralis M. Nabozhenko & B. Keskin, sp. n., two distinctive darkling beetle species of the tribe Helopini, are described from the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, based on both their external morphology and genital structures. Turkonalassus mavi sp. n. differs from all congeners by the bluish dorsal surface of the body, the pronotum widest before middle, and wide merged baculi of the median lobe of the aedeagus. Odocnemis rufocruralis sp. n. belongs to the praelonga species-group. Odocnemis rufocruralis sp. n. is similar to O. torosica Nabozhenko & Keskin, 2016, O. terminassianae (Nabozhenko, 2011) and O. kakunini Nabozhenko & Keskin, 2016 but differs from all three taxa by the reddish-brown body with red legs, male apical maxillary palpomere wider than in female, elevate and narrowly separate male protrochanters, and the structure of the very long and narrow apical piece of the aedeagus. New data on distribution, bionomics, and trophic relations of several species of Helopini from Turkey are given. Host lichens are determined for nine species. The majority of studied adult beetles feed on lichens from the families Physciaceae and Parmeliaceae. Some examined taxa feed on Cladoniaceae. Feeding on crustose lichens is registered for the first time for Coleoptera, specifically Odocnemis rufocruralis sp. n. was observed to feed on Pertusaria sp. (on Prunus) in Mardin Province., Russian Foundation for Basic Research; RPF [19-54-25001]; TUBITAK 1001 Project [119Z102]; basic research project of Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences [AAAA-A17-117081640018-5], The study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and RPF (project No. 19-54-25001) and TUBITAK 1001 Project No 119Z102, and partly by the basic research project of Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, registration number AAAA-A17-117081640018-5. Authors thank Dr Wolfgang Schawaller (SMNS) for loan material, Konstantinos Ntatsopoulos and Loudmila Jelinscaia Lagou (University of Cyprus) for information about habitats and host lichens of Catomus hesperides in Cyprus. We also thank two reviewers, Marcin Jan Kamiski (Purdue University, West Lafaette, USA and Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland) and Harold Labrique (Musee des Confluences, Lyon, France) for valuable comments and corrections.

In the present study, quantitative analysis of usnic acid and the selected elements (Ag, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in samples of Cladonia mitis thalli collected along a North-Central Europe transect, was performed. Additionally, we analysed geographical and environmental factors that could potentially influence the levels of the analytes. With the constructed partial least square (PLS) chemometric model we aimed to establish the relationships between the analysed factors. Our study is the first to provide comparative quantitative data on usnic acid in C. mitis. We proved this lichen species is a rich source of usnic acid (4.52 ± 0.54–21.58 ± 2.23 mg/g dry wt). Significant differences in usnic acid content between samples collected in the open and forest areas were noted, with the predominance of the former (mean 17.4 ± 2.8 and 8.8 ± 2.3 mg/g dry wt, respectively). Our results supported the hypothesis on the relationship between usnic acid and selected heavy metals content in lichens, as the positive correlation of the compound was noted with Pb. Our PLS model indicated also a positive correlation between usnic acid and Cr content, which was reported for the first time.

In this paper we recognize a total of 11 species of Cladonia, five belonging to Supergroup Crustaceae and six to Supergroup Perviae, occurring in the Restinga vegetation of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. We confirm the occurrence of C. sprucei and C. rangiferina to Espírito Santo state Restinga, being their most austral record in Brazil so far. Four species are new records to the state: C. consimilis, C. dendroides, C. salzmannii, and C. sphacelata. Here we expand the number of known species of Cladonia of Supergroup Perviae from three to five, and of Supergroup Crustaceae from three to six in the studied environment. An identification key, comments and illustrations are provided. Resumo Neste trabalho reconhecemos um total de 11 espécies de Cladonia, sendo cinco pertencentes ao Supergrupo Crustaceae e seis ao Supergrupo Perviae, ocorrentes na vegetação de Restinga do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Nós confirmamos a ocorrência de C. sprucei e C. rangiferina para as Restingas do Espírito Santo, sendo este o seu registro mais austral até o momento. Quatro espécies são novos registros para o estado: C. consimilis, C. dendroides, C. salzmannii e C. sphacelata. Expandimos o número de espécies conhecidas de Cladonia do Supergrupo Perviae de três para cinco, e do Supergrupo Crustaceae de três para seis espécies presentes na vegetação local. São fornecidos comentários, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação.

Suharno, Chrystomo LY, Sujarta P, Tanjung RHR. 2020. Rapid assessment of lichen diversity in Baliem Valley, Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2403-2409. Lichen is a form of mutualistic symbiosis between phycobiont and mycobiont. Lichens play an important role in environment, either to maintain the biological diversity and the function of ecosystems. This study is aimed to determine the diversity of species of lichens in the Baliem Valley region, Jayawijaya, Papua. The method used was explorative surveys in several villages in Jayawijaya District. Species identification was based on morphological characteristics. The results showed that there were 37 species of lichen belong to 24 genera and 11 families on several habitats on altitude ranging from 1655 to 2179 m asl with temperatures between 18-26°C. The dominant species were from the families of Parmeliaceae, Cladoniaceae, and Teloschistaceae. The results indicate that the Baliem Valley region rich in lichen diversity and the existence of particular lichen species suggests that the region has healthy environmental conditions. This study provides new information on the existence of lichen diversity in Papua.

This study was focused on two species of lichen-forming fungi from Madagascan Region whose taxonomy has been controversial over the years, Cladonia mascarena Nyl. and Heterodea madagascarea Nyl. While some authors considered C. mascarena to belong to Cladonia, others place it in Pycnothelia Dufour. In this study three loci (ITS rDNA, rpb2 and ef1 alpha) were used to determine the phylogenetic placement of C. mascarena. Our results show that it belongs to Pycnothelia and the combination Py cnothelia mascarena (Nyl.) Nyl. is substantiated. In addition, a key to the genus Pycnothelia is provided. The morphological study of new specimens of Gymnoderma coccocarpurn Nyl. and H. madagascarea concluded that these taxa belong to a same species, confirming the extension of Gymnoderma Nyl. to Africa. The overlooked genus Baeoderma Vain. is regarded as a synonym of Gymnoderma, and its type species Baeoderma madagascareum (Nyl.) Vain. is referred to G. coccocarpum.