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III) Horned Sri-Lankan twighopper Cladonotus turrifer Walker, 1871 Cladonotus turrifer: Walker, 1871: 843, Kirby 1910: 9, 1914: 18, Hancock 1915: 62, G��nther 1938: 411, Blackith 1992: 22. Distribution. Sri Lanka, no locality data (Figure 3, marked with ���?���). Habitat. Likely rainforest. Notes. The holotype originated from an unknown locality (Walker 1871). Since then the species has never been reported, and its distribution remains completely unknown., Published as part of Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Ad��i��, Karmela, Pavlovi��, Marko & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), pp. 333-342 in Zootaxa 4821 (2) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4398711, {"references":["Walker, F. (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 811 - 850.","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 674 pp.","Kirby, W. F. (1914) Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acrididae). Taylor & Francis, London, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109305","Hancock, J. L. (1915) V. Indian Tetriginae (Acrydiinae). Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 55 - 137.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. JAPAGA Press, Dublin, 248 pp., key LI-LIV."]}

Genus Cladonotus Saussure, 1862 Tettix (Cladonotus): Saussure, 1862 Cladonotus: Walker 1871, Bol��var 1887, Hancock 1904, 1907, 1915, Kirby 1910, 1914, G��nther 1938, Sandrasagara 1950, Blackith 1992, Otte 1979, 1997, Yin et al. 1996, Hollier 2013, Tumbrinck 2014, Bhaskar et al. 2020. Type species. Tettix (Cladonotus) humbertianus Saussure, 1862. Distribution and composition. Endemic to Sri Lanka. Altogether four species��� C. humbertianus (Saussure, 1862), C. turrifer (Walker, 1871), C. latiramus Hancock, 1904, and here described C. bhaskari sp. n.. An annotated dichotomous identification key to the Cladonotus species (see Figure 3) 1A The highest projection of the pronotum narrow and low, lower than 3mm......................................... 2 1B The highest projection of the pronotum wide and high, higher than 4 mm......................................... 3 2A Anterior margin of the pronotum weakly projected, covering a small part of the vertex. Promedial projection long, directed upwards and decurved forwards, almost always the same width...................... C. humbertianus (Saussure, 1862) 2B Anterior margin of the pronotum strongly projected before the head in form of a long dentate spine, which is covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection short, starting as narrow and then abruptly widening towards the tip......... C. bhaskari sp. n. 3A Anterior pronotal margin projected above the head, not covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection has widened tip and is directed upwards.................................................................. C. turrifer (Walker, 1871) 3B Anterior pronotal margin projected before the head, covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection has a narrow tip and is directed forwards................................................................ C. latiramus Hancock, 1904, Published as part of Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Ad��i��, Karmela, Pavlovi��, Marko & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), pp. 333-342 in Zootaxa 4821 (2) on pages 336-337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4398711, {"references":["Saussure, H. de ([1862] 1861) Etudes sur quelques orthopteres du Musee de Geneve. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4 (1), 469 - 494.","Walker, F. (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 811 - 850.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313, pls. 4 - 5","Hancock, J. L. (1904) The Tettigidae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, 2, 97 - 157.","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1 - 79, pls. 1 - 4.","Hancock, J. L. (1915) V. Indian Tetriginae (Acrydiinae). Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 55 - 137.","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 674 pp.","Kirby, W. F. (1914) Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acrididae). Taylor & Francis, London, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109305","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. JAPAGA Press, Dublin, 248 pp., key LI-LIV.","Otte, D. (1979 [1978]) The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Blattodea, Phasmatodea, and Mantodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 130, 26 - 87.","Otte, D. (1997) Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF Vols. 1 - 5. Orthoptera Species File, 6, 1 - 261.","Yin, X. C., Shi, J. & Yin, Z. (1996) Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 1266 pp.","Hollier, J. (2013) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve. Part 4: The Acridomorpha excluding the su- perfamily Acridoidea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 120 (2), 203 - 219.","Tumbrinck, J. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from the islands of South-East Asia and from Australia, with general remarks to the classification and morphology of the Tetrigidae and descriptions of new genera and species from New Guinea and New Caledonia. Biodiversity, biogeography and nature conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, 2, 345 - 396.","Bhaskar, D., Stermsek, S., Easa, P. S., Franjevic, D. & Skejo, J. (2020) Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae: Cladono- tinae) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species- Tettilobus trishula sp. n. Zootaxa. [submitted]"]}

I) Decurved Sri-Lankan twighopper, Cladonotus humbertianus (Saussure, 1862) Tettix (Cladonotus) humbertianus: Saussure, 1862: 478. Cladonotus humbertianus: Walker 1871: 842, Bol��var 1887: 209, Hancock 1904: 113, 1907: 16, 1915: 62, Kirby 1910: 9, 1914: 17, Sandrasagara 1950: 136, Blackith 1992: 22, Hollier 2013: 211. Distribution. Sri Lanka: Peradeniya (see Table 1), Trincomalee (N8.594306, E81.167916) (Saussure 1862), Kandy (for coordinates see Table 1), Gammaduwa: Mavusakanda (= probably Mousakanda Estate) (N7.568020, E80.696309) (Sandrasagara 1950). Habitat. Rainforests. Notes. The decurved Sri-Lankan twighopper has been reported once (Sandrasagara 1950) since the description (Saussure 1862). Syntypes were collected more than 150 years ago, around Peradeniya and Trincomalee (Saussure 1862). In the original description, Saussure (1862) placed this species in the genus Tettix Charp., newly founded subgenus Cladonotus. Because the original combination was Tettix (Cladonotus) humbertianus, the author should be written in brackets according to Article 51.3. of the International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). Besides the type material (MHNG), there are a few specimens of this species in the Colombo Museum, Sri Lanka (Sandrasagara 1950), which should be studied and digitalized in future., Published as part of Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Ad��i��, Karmela, Pavlovi��, Marko & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), pp. 333-342 in Zootaxa 4821 (2) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4398711, {"references":["Saussure, H. de ([1862] 1861) Etudes sur quelques orthopteres du Musee de Geneve. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4 (1), 469 - 494.","Walker, F. (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 811 - 850.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313, pls. 4 - 5","Hancock, J. L. (1904) The Tettigidae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, 2, 97 - 157.","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1 - 79, pls. 1 - 4.","Hancock, J. L. (1915) V. Indian Tetriginae (Acrydiinae). Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 55 - 137.","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 674 pp.","Kirby, W. F. (1914) Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acrididae). Taylor & Francis, London, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109305","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. JAPAGA Press, Dublin, 248 pp., key LI-LIV.","Hollier, J. (2013) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve. Part 4: The Acridomorpha excluding the su- perfamily Acridoidea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 120 (2), 203 - 219.","ICZN [International Commission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 304 pp."]}

II) Lamellate Sri-Lankan twighopper, Cladonotus latiramus Hancock, 1904 Cladonotus latiramus: Hancock, 1904: 107, 113, 114, 1907: 16, 1915: 62, Kirby 1910: 9, 1914: 19, G��nther 1938: 411, Sandrasagara 1950: 136, Otte 1979: 39, Blackith 1992: 22. Distribution. Central region of Sri Lanka: Kandy (for coordinates see Table 1, for the map see Figure 3). Habitat. Rainforest. Notes. Lamellate Sri-Lankan twighopper has been reported once since the description (Sandrasagara 1950), also from the type locality���Kandy (Hancock 1904). Specimen(s) in the Colombo Museum, Sri Lanka (Sandrasagara 1950) should be studied and digitalized., Published as part of Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Ad��i��, Karmela, Pavlovi��, Marko & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), pp. 333-342 in Zootaxa 4821 (2) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4398711, {"references":["Hancock, J. L. (1904) The Tettigidae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, 2, 97 - 157.","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 674 pp.","Kirby, W. F. (1914) Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acrididae). Taylor & Francis, London, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109305","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Otte, D. (1979 [1978]) The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Blattodea, Phasmatodea, and Mantodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 130, 26 - 87.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. JAPAGA Press, Dublin, 248 pp., key LI-LIV."]}

IV) Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. (for the photo of the holotype in natural habitat see Figure 1, for dry holotype deposited in the museum collection see Figure 2, and for the distribution please refer to Figure 3). Type series information. 1 holotype female SRI LANKA: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (N6.379331, E80.470206) leg. T. Kirschey 19.XI.2016. (ZFMK). The holotype is deposited in Museum Koenig in Bonn, Germany (ZFMK). Type locality and distribution. Known only from a single female (holotype) from the type locality���SRI LANKA: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (N6.379331, E80.470206). The species inhabits rainforests. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dhanesh Bhaskar, our colleague and friend from Kerala, India, who is a specialist in grasshoppers (especially pygmy grasshoppers) of the Western Ghats. Mr. Bhaskar has hitherto described one new Tettilobus species. The specific epitheton is noun of the second Latin declension in genitive case; derived from the surname ���Bhaskar���, the name of Dhaneesh���s father, in Latin declension ���N bhaskarus, G bhaskari ���. Specific diagnosis (for comparison see Table 2, Table 3, and Figure 3). This species is easily separated from its congeners by its unique pronotal morphology. Unlike C. humbertianus and C. turrifer, C. bhaskari sp. n. has straight promedial projection; unlike C. turrifer and C. latiramus, C. bhaskari sp. n. has shorter promedial projection; unlike C. humbertianus and C. latiramus, C. bhaskari sp. n. has long frontomedial projection; and finally, unlike any other species, in C. bhaskari sp. n. promedial projection starts as a narrow protuberance, and then suddenly widens into an axe-shaped/a cockscomb-shaped apex (see Figure 2A). For measurements please refer to the Table 3. Holotype description (female). General appearance (Figure 1, Figure 2). Holotype of C. bhaskari sp. n. is the largest known specimen of the genus Cladonotus, what could be due to the fact this is the only known female. Female pygmy grasshoppers are larger than males. Body is robust, dark in coloration, dark brown in the living specimen, while pale brown when the specimen is dried. Whole body���head, pronotum and legs���covered in fine and minute spine-like tubercles (Figure 1, Figure 2). Pronotum bears two black spots behind the shoulders. Head (Figure 2E) is, like the rest of the body, very spiky. Vertex is 1.9 times as wide as a compound eye, covered in numerous granules, and has truncated frontal margin. Median carina is short and indistinct; lateral and transverse carinae weakly elevated. In the lateral view, the vertex between the eyes cannot be seen, because of the prominence of the compound eyes, while in the frontal view the median part of the vertex raises above the level of the dorsal margin of the compound eyes, and is indeed the highest part of the fastigium. Frontal costa runs long before the bifurcation, which is positioned just between the compound eyes and bears a few prominent spines, two of which can be observed in the lateral view (Figure 2A). Facial carinae run after the bifurcation in strongly divergent fashion, with two concavities, and are strongly widened ventrad, forming a wide scutellum. Pronotum. Pronotum of this species is unique within the genus. The whole anterior part of the pronotum stands about 0.2 mm higher than the posterior part. All the carinae are covered in tubercles and spines. Anterior margin of the pronotum bears a few strong spines (Figure 2A) and projects before the head in a spine-like fashion. In the lateral view, the anterior margin (also known as the frontomedial projection or FM) surpasses the frontmost part of the frontal costa by 0.35 mm. The highest and the largest projection on the pronotum, as in the other species of the genus, is certainly the promedial projection. It is in this species partially fused with frontomedial projection, forming one L-shaped meta-projection. Promedial projection starts in the dorsum, about 1 mm behind the eyes, as a narrow projection, and in its narrowest part measures 0.5 mm, while some 1.8 mm from the apex, it suddenly widens and measures 2.0 mm in its widest part. The tip of the projection has a cockscomb shape, with five evident apices (Fig. 2A). Promedial projection of this species strongly differs from those reported in other species of the genus. Shoulders are not armed with teeth or projections, except the fine spines present in all the pronotal carinae. Median carina is continuous and equipped with evident spines along its entire length. Median carina is the carina projected into frontal and promedian spine. Depression is present behind the shoulders, where the black dots are situated. Pronotum has a weakly bilobate, truncated apex, on each corner of which there is one large spine, pale colored and with dark apex. Tegminal sinus absent. Infrascapular area long and wide. Ventral sinus deep and evident. Paranota of the pronotum granulated and carinated.Apices of the lateral lobes of the paranota in dorsal view projected outwards and armed with serrated ventrolateral projections. Wings. Tegmina, the fore wings, and alae, the hind wings, are not visible. In order to check this character, we would need to remove pronotum from the specimen and uncover the thorax. Because we have a single specimen this is not possible. Wings are probably completely reduced and, if present, covered by the infrascapular area of the pronotum (probably the apterous or the vestigial type in Zha et al. 2020). Fore legs (Figure 2B). Femora stout and with very spiky surface; bearing strong spines on the dorsal and ventral margins, two of which are especially evident on each of the margins. Tibiae dark with two pale rings, equipped with minute spines. Tarsi. Proximal tarsal segment short and pale colored. Distal long, dark and with a pale ring, bearing pale colored claws at the tip. Mid legs (Figure 2B). Similar to fore legs, except there is a long spine just at the knee of the mid femur. Hind legs (Figure 2B, 2C). Femora robust, 2.7 times as long as wide; ventral margin with minute teeth; dorsal margin with three toothed plates (lappets), of which one is antegenicular tooth. Genicular teeth smaller, but also armoured with saw-like teeth. Outer surface equipped with three prominent spines armoured with minute teeth. Hind tibiae dark, bearing 5-7 spines on the dorsal margins. Hind tarsi. First and third segments elongated, subequal in length. First and second pulvilli of the proximal segment angular and equal in size, third pulvillus elongated, two times as long as previous one, but with smoother apex (Figure 2D). Abdomen (Figure 2B). Dark, almost black, and so is the ovipositor. Parts of the abdomen are covered in rough integument, while other parts are smooth. Dorsal and ventral valvulae elongated. Cerci black and smooth. Teeth on the dorsal and ventral valvulae evident, minute. Male not known. This species is described from a female holotype only. Based on the size in other species (Table 3), male is probably slightly smaller in size., Published as part of Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Ad��i��, Karmela, Pavlovi��, Marko & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), pp. 333-342 in Zootaxa 4821 (2) on pages 337-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4398711, {"references":["Zha, L. - S., Wu, X. - M. & Ding, J. - H. (2020) Two new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham, 1937 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Guizhou and Chongqing (PR China). Zookeys, 936, 61 - 76 https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 936.49552"]}

IV) Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. (for the photo of the holotype in natural habitat see Figure 1, for dry holotype deposited in the museum collection see Figure 2, and for the distribution please refer to Figure 3). Type series information. 1 holotype female SRI LANKA: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (N6.379331, E80.470206) leg. T. Kirschey 19.XI.2016. (ZFMK). The holotype is deposited in Museum Koenig in Bonn, Germany (ZFMK). Type locality and distribution. Known only from a single female (holotype) from the type locality—SRI LANKA: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (N6.379331, E80.470206). The species inhabits rainforests. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dhanesh Bhaskar, our colleague and friend from Kerala, India, who is a specialist in grasshoppers (especially pygmy grasshoppers) of the Western Ghats. Mr. Bhaskar has hitherto described one new Tettilobus species. The specific epitheton is noun of the second Latin declension in genitive case; derived from the surname ‘Bhaskar’, the name of Dhaneesh’s father, in Latin declension ‘N bhaskarus, G bhaskari ’. Specific diagnosis (for comparison see Table 2, Table 3, and Figure 3). This species is easily separated from its congeners by its unique pronotal morphology. Unlike C. humbertianus and C. turrifer, C. bhaskari sp. n. has straight promedial projection; unlike C. turrifer and C. latiramus, C. bhaskari sp. n. has shorter promedial projection; unlike C. humbertianus and C. latiramus, C. bhaskari sp. n. has long frontomedial projection; and finally, unlike any other species, in C. bhaskari sp. n. promedial projection starts as a narrow protuberance, and then suddenly widens into an axe-shaped/a cockscomb-shaped apex (see Figure 2A). For measurements please refer to the Table 3. Holotype description (female). General appearance (Figure 1, Figure 2). Holotype of C. bhaskari sp. n. is the largest known specimen of the genus Cladonotus, what could be due to the fact this is the only known female. Female pygmy grasshoppers are larger than males. Body is robust, dark in coloration, dark brown in the living specimen, while pale brown when the specimen is dried. Whole body—head, pronotum and legs—covered in fine and minute spine-like tubercles (Figure 1, Figure 2). Pronotum bears two black spots behind the shoulders. Head (Figure 2E) is, like the rest of the body, very spiky. Vertex is 1.9 times as wide as a compound eye, covered in numerous granules, and has truncated frontal margin. Median carina is short and indistinct; lateral and transverse carinae weakly elevated. In the lateral view, the vertex between the eyes cannot be seen, because of the prominence of the compound eyes, while in the frontal view the median part of the vertex raises above the level of the dorsal margin of the compound eyes, and is indeed the highest part of the fastigium. Frontal costa runs long before the bifurcation, which is positioned just between the compound eyes and bears a few prominent spines, two of which can be observed in the lateral view (Figure 2A). Facial carinae run after the bifurcation in strongly divergent fashion, with two concavities, and are strongly widened ventrad, forming a wide scutellum. Pronotum. Pronotum of this species is unique within the genus. The whole anterior part of the pronotum stands about 0.2 mm higher than the posterior part. All the carinae are covered in tubercles and spines. Anterior margin of the pronotum bears a few strong spines (Figure 2A) and projects before the head in a spine-like fashion. In the lateral view, the anterior margin (also known as the frontomedial projection or FM) surpasses the frontmost part of the frontal costa by 0.35 mm. The highest and the largest projection on the pronotum, as in the other species of the genus, is certainly the promedial projection. It is in this species partially fused with frontomedial projection, forming one L-shaped meta-projection. Promedial projection starts in the dorsum, about 1 mm behind the eyes, as a narrow projection, and in its narrowest part measures 0.5 mm, while some 1.8 mm from the apex, it suddenly widens and measures 2.0 mm in its widest part. The tip of the projection has a cockscomb shape, with five evident apices (Fig. 2A). Promedial projection of this species strongly differs from those reported in other species of the genus. Shoulders are not armed with teeth or projections, except the fine spines present in all the pronotal carinae. Median carina is continuous and equipped with evident spines along its entire length. Median carina is the carina projected into frontal and promedian spine. Depression is present behind the shoulders, where the black dots are situated. Pronotum has a weakly bilobate, truncated apex, on each corner of which there is one large spine, pale colored and with dark apex. Tegminal sinus absent. Infrascapular area long and wide. Ventral sinus deep and evident. Paranota of the pronotum granulated and carinated.Apices of the lateral lobes of the paranota in dorsal view projected outwards and armed with serrated ventrolateral projections. Wings. Tegmina, the fore wings, and alae, the hind wings, are not visible. In order to check this character, we would need to remove pronotum from the specimen and uncover the thorax. Because we have a single specimen this is not possible. Wings are probably completely reduced and, if present, covered by the infrascapular area of the pronotum (probably the apterous or the vestigial type in Zha et al. 2020). Fore legs (Figure 2B). Femora stout and with very spiky surface; bearing strong spines on the dorsal and ventral margins, two of which are especially evident on each of the margins. Tibiae dark with two pale rings, equipped with minute spines. Tarsi. Proximal tarsal segment short and pale colored. Distal long, dark and with a pale ring, bearing pale colored claws at the tip. Mid legs (Figure 2B). Similar to fore legs, except there is a long spine just at the knee of the mid femur. Hind legs (Figure 2B, 2C). Femora robust, 2.7 times as long as wide; ventral margin with minute teeth; dorsal margin with three toothed plates (lappets), of which one is antegenicular tooth. Genicular teeth smaller, but also armoured with saw-like teeth. Outer surface equipped with three prominent spines armoured with minute teeth. Hind tibiae dark, bearing 5-7 spines on the dorsal margins. Hind tarsi. First and third segments elongated, subequal in length. First and second pulvilli of the proximal segment angular and equal in size, third pulvillus elongated, two times as long as previous one, but with smoother apex (Figure 2D). Abdomen (Figure 2B). Dark, almost black, and so is the ovipositor. Parts of the abdomen are covered in rough integument, while other parts are smooth. Dorsal and ventral valvulae elongated. Cerci black and smooth. Teeth on the dorsal and ventral valvulae evident, minute. Male not known. This species is described from a female holotype only. Based on the size in other species (Table 3), male is probably slightly smaller in size.