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Objective\ud To determine the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy in women with Turner Syndrome\ud \ud Design\ud Retrospective 20-year cohort study (2000-2020)\ud \ud Setting\ud 16 tertiary referral maternity units in the UK\ud \ud Population or Sample\ud 81 women with Turner syndrome who became pregnant\ud \ud Methods\ud Retrospective chart analysis\ud \ud Main Outcome Measures\ud Mode of conception, pregnancy outcomes\ud \ud Results\ud We obtained data on 127 pregnancies in 81 women with a Turner phenotype. All non-spontaneous pregnancies (54/127 (42.5%)) were by egg donation. Only 9/31 (29%) of pregnancies in women with karyotype 45,X were spontaneous, compared with 53/66 (80.3%) with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XX (p

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, negative affect, and impaired memory processing, may develop after traumatic events. PTSD is complicated by impaired plasticity and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity, hyperactivity of the amygdala, and impaired fear extinction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising candidate for treatment due to its multimodal action that enhances plasticity and calms hyperexcitability. CBD’s mechanism in the mPFC of PTSD patients has been explored extensively, but literature on the mechanism in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is lacking. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we examined current literature regarding CBD in PTSD and overlapping symptomologies to propose a mechanism by which CBD treats PTSD via corticoraphe circuit. Acute CBD inhibits excess 5-HT release from DRN to amygdala and releases anandamide (AEA) onto amygdala inputs. By first reducing amygdala and DRN hyperactivity, CBD begins to ameliorate activity disparity between mPFC and amygdala. Chronic CBD recruits the mPFC, creating harmonious corticoraphe signaling. DRN releases enough 5-HT to ameliorate mPFC hypoactivity, while the mPFC continuously excites DRN 5-HT neurons via glutamate. Meanwhile, AEA regulates corticoraphe activity to stabilize signaling. AEA prevents DRN GABAergic interneurons from inhibiting 5-HT release so the DRN can assist the mPFC in overcoming its hypoactivity. DRN-mediated restoration of mPFC activity underlies CBD’s mechanism on fear extinction and learning of stress coping., Highlights • CBD reduces PTSD symptoms via the DRN and corticoraphe circuit. • Acute effects of CBD reduce DRN-amygdala excitatory signaling to lessen the activity disparity between amygdala and mPFC. • Chronic CBD officially resolves mPFC hypoactivity by facilitating 5-HT release from DRN to mPFC. • CBD-facilitated endocannabinoid signaling stabilizes DRN activity and restores mPFC inhibitory control. • Chronically administered CBD acts via the corticoraphe circuit to favor fear extinction over fear memory reconsolidation.

OBJECTIVE Black adults are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at higher rates than White adults. Biopsychosocial risk factors that differentially affect individuals by race, including health, education, and APOE e4, may explain these findings. Some research suggests that the risk for AD associated with the APOE e4 allele may differ by race. Gender differences in AD have also been identified but remain understudied. We examined race, APOE status, vascular risk factors, education, and the interaction of APOE e4 status and race as predictors of cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer's disease between genders in a large longitudinal sample of older adults. Methods: Participants (N = 4336) were selected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set who completed measures of verbal fluency, naming, and immediate/delayed story memory across 5 years. Analyses were stratified by gender. Follow up interactions examined statistical significance of differences. Results: APOE e4 by race interactions were largely non-significant and dropped from most models. When controlling for health, education, referral source, and Uniform Data Set form (when applicable), few racial differences in cognitive performance over time emerged. Black participants obtained lower scores than White participants on a majority of baseline measures. Race findings did not differ by gender. Hypertension was more strongly predictive of decline in delayed memory among women. Conclusions: Analyses did not support that APOE e4 differentially affects Black individuals. Hypertension may be a more relevant risk factor among women. Results raise questions regarding the accuracy of baseline scores in predicting decline for Black individuals.

This article explores schools as a key organisational context for the (re)production of national identity, and uses ongoing debates around the national curriculum for history, to illuminate the ong...

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with 314,000 new cases and 207,000 deaths globally in 2020. Serum CA125 has been explored as an OC biomarker for the past 40 years, but lacks sensitivity for early stage OC and is not recommended for screening average-risk, asymptomatic women. We hypothesize that co-localization of biomarkers on the surface of individual extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are shed into the circulation by cancer cells, may lead to development of a blood test for early stage OC. We evaluated the potential of our approach in detecting early stage OC in clinical samples. Methods: We isolated EVs using size-exclusion chromatography and immunoaffinity capture, and detected biomarkers co-localized on the surface of individual EVs with proximity ligation qPCR. Using this approach, we evaluated 49 antibody combinations recognizing 2 or more biomarkers. Each combination consisted of 1 capture antibody and 2 oligonucleotide-tagged detection antibodies. We tested plasma samples from women with early stage I/II high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC)(n=18; 48-80 yr, med 57) and late stage HGSOC (n=24; 37-80 yr, med 54). HGSOC samples were sourced from 2 commercial vendors. Controls comprised samples from women with benign ovarian masses (n=26; 23-76 yr, med 39.5) sourced from a single vendor, and samples prospectively collected by Mercy from healthy women with no cancer history (n=24; 22-72 yr, med 52.5). PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values were measured for each of 49 combinations and data was evaluated using univariate analysis. Performance was compared to plasma CA125 measured at Mercy by commercial ELISA. Results: 8 of 49 combinations distinguished all stages of HGSOC relative to benign and healthy controls with AUCs ranging from 0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.94) to 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00), comparable to CA125 with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.79-0.95). One of the most effective combinations (STn, BST2, MUC1) had a sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.52-0.94) at a specificity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.87-0.99) in detecting early stage HGSOC. This combination also detected HGSOC in 6 of 11 women (3 early stage, 3 late stage) with normal CA125 (< 25 U/mL) and correctly classified 7 of 8 women with benign masses and high CA125 (> 25 U/mL). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that co-localization of surface biomarkers in single EVs may provide an effective means to identify women with early stage HGSOC, including those with normal CA125, while avoiding false positives in women with benign masses and high CA125. Despite the inherent challenges associated with commercial samples, our finding that several combinations detected early stage HGSOC is promising. Statistically powered studies with curated repository specimens are underway to refine combinations and independently validate our assay for early stage OC detection. Citation Format: Laura T. Bortolin, Daniel P. Salem, Sanchari Banerjee, Kelly M. Biette, Delaney M. Byrne, Anthony D. Couvillon, Peter A. Duff, Jonian Grosha, MacKenzie Sadie King, Christopher R. Sedlak, Ibukunoluwapo O. Zabroski, Claire Alexander, Karen Copeland, Daniel Gusenleitner, Emily S. Winn-Deen, Eric K. Huang, Bo R. Rueda, Joseph Charles Sedlak. Preliminary results for a novel single extracellular vesicle assay for early stage ovarian cancer: The power of co-localized detection of surface biomarkers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3390.

Keusahawanan tempatan adalah pemangkin terhadap pembangunan komuniti di sesebuah kawasan. Daerah Papar adalah sinonim dengan salah satu keusahawanan tempatan di Sabah iaitu penghasilan kuih tradisional. Populariti keusahawanan kuih tradisional yang berjaya sehingga ke peringkat pasaran antarabangsa mendorong pengkaji untuk meneliti faktor penentu kejayaan usahawan kuih tradisional di daerah berkenaan. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti faktor dalaman dan faktor luaran yang mempengaruhi kejayaan mereka dalam keusahawanan kuih tradisional. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu teknik temu bual tidak langsung, temu bual mendalam, penglibatan ikut serta dan pemerhatian di lapangan. Sehubungan itu, seramai 11 orang informan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT, kajian ini berjaya menentukan faktor dalaman dan faktor luaran kejayaan usahawan kuih tradisional di daerah Papar. Untuk aspek kekuatan (S), faktor yang dikenal pasti adalah tahap pengetahuan, sikap berniaga, resipi, modal perniagaan dan kemahiran berkomunikasi. Untuk kelemahan (W) pula, faktor seperti asas keusahawanan yang lemah, kekangan modal perniagaan, sikap negatif dalam berniaga, kurang kemahiran berkomunikasi dan kelemahan pengurusan adalah faktor yang menghalang kejayaan usahawan. Analisis peluang (O) menunjukkan aspek bantuan modal perniagaan, penggunaan media sosial, kursus keusahawanan, permintaan pelanggan dan sasaran pasaran mempengaruhi faktor kejayaan usahawan kuih tradisional di Papar. Analisis ancaman (T) mendapati aspek persaingan produk, dominasi syarikat besar, kualiti produk, kos pengeluaran dan kekurangan sumber adalah halangan yang dikenal pasti. Hasil kajian ini adalah relevan khususnya kepada pihak pemegang taruh kerana boleh dijadikan sebagai panduan pelan strategik untuk membangunkan sektor keusahawanan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana yang berdaya saing dan bertaraf global.

Summary Background The INTERVAL trial showed that, over a 2-year period, inter-donation intervals for whole blood donation can be safely reduced to meet blood shortages. We extended the INTERVAL trial for a further 2 years to evaluate the longer-term risks and benefits of varying inter-donation intervals, and to compare routine versus more intensive reminders to help donors keep appointments. Methods The INTERVAL trial was a parallel group, pragmatic, randomised trial that recruited blood donors aged 18 years or older from 25 static donor centres of NHS Blood and Transplant across England, UK. Here we report on the prespecified analyses after 4 years of follow-up. Participants were whole blood donors who agreed to continue trial participation on their originally allocated inter-donation intervals (men: 12, 10, and 8 weeks; women: 16, 14, and 12 weeks). They were further block-randomised (1:1) to routine versus more intensive reminders using computer-generated random sequences. The prespecified primary outcome was units of blood collected per year analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes related to safety were quality of life, self-reported symptoms potentially related to donation, haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations, and deferrals because of low haemoglobin and other factors. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN24760606, and has completed. Findings Between Oct 19, 2014, and May 3, 2016, 20 757 of the 38 035 invited blood donors (10 843 [58%] men, 9914 [51%] women) participated in the extension study. 10 378 (50%) were randomly assigned to routine reminders and 10 379 (50%) were randomly assigned to more intensive reminders. Median follow-up was 1·1 years (IQR 0·7–1·3). Compared with routine reminders, more intensive reminders increased blood collection by a mean of 0·11 units per year (95% CI 0·04–0·17; p=0·0003) in men and 0·06 units per year (0·01–0·11; p=0·0094) in women. During the extension study, each week shorter inter-donation interval increased blood collection by a mean of 0·23 units per year (0·21–0·25) in men and 0·14 units per year (0·12–0·15) in women (both p0.0001 for tests of linear trend by inter-donation intervals) other than a higher reported frequency of doctor-diagnosed low iron concentrations and prescription of iron supplements in men (p

Monitoring HbA1c levels in individuals affected by diabetes remains the standard of care for ensuring proper management of the condition. Typically, HbA1c is measured by venipuncture or fingerstick blood collection methods at regular intervals, and for nearly all diabetic patients, monitoring HbA1c is a lifelong endeavor. In general, venipuncture and fingerstick are standard blood collection procedures, which are considered inconvenient and painful. Patient surveys have shown that venipuncture induces fear (needle phobia) in more than 20% of adults and in 60% of children. We have designed, developed, and validated an innovative blood sampling device to collect and stabilize capillary blood from the patient’s upper arm. Using small skin incisions and vacuum, the device draws and deposits the blood onto self-contained matrices. The matrices’ cartridge is then shipped at room temperature to a clinical laboratory for HbA1c measurement. We conducted a clinical study at three sites within the U.S. to validate the use of the device on 146 enrolled participants. The primary study objective was to compare HbA1c measurement in samples collected by the device and venipuncture. Pain measurements were conducted to assess the discomfort associated with the use of the device, in comparison to venipuncture and fingerstick. The data demonstrated a strong correlation between the device and venipuncture (y=1.01-0.0131, R2=0.997) over a range of HbA1c values between 4.91 and 13.34%. Device lot-to-lot and operator-to-operator reproducibility studies showed CVs of 0.7% and 0.8%, respectively. Assessment of discomfort showed an average pain score of 1 for the device (on a scale 0 to 10) and the device was preferred over venipuncture and fingerstick by 79% of the subjects. We clinically validated an innovative blood sampling technology that provides a convenient, nearly painless, safe and effective alternative to venipuncture and fingerstick for HbA1c measurement in diabetic individuals. Disclosure E. Romeo: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health, Inc. P.K. Bryant-Greenwood: None. K.N. Castorino: Consultant; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Drawbridge, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US. D.R. Liljenquist: None. B.L. Jordan: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Innovation Endeavors, LLC. M. Harrington: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health. T. Holscher: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health. C. Alexander: Consultant; Self; CAlexanderConsulting, LLC. V. Dokukin: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health. M. Nerlekar: Employee; Self; Drawbridge Health. L. Williamson: Other Relationship; Self; Drawbridge Health. J. Sloane: Other Relationship; Self; Drawbridge Health.

Objective Little research has focused on possible effects of TBI on cognitive decline rate after Alzheimer’s disease (ad) diagnosis. We examined whether Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and TBI history interact to predict cognitive decline. Method We used data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers (N = 463; 42.3% APOE e4 carriers, 7.8% with TBI history, mean baseline age 79.3). Inclusion criteria included normal cognition at baseline with diagnosis of ad at a follow-up visit; baseline age 50 or older; and at least 3 years of follow-up data. Mixed models (random intercept, random slope) were used, with TBI history, APOE status, and their interaction as predictors of interest. Education, race, and history of TIA, stroke, or hypertension were included as covariates. Cognitive measures included mental status exam scores and immediate/delayed story memory. Results After accounting for covariates, TBI history had a positive effect on cognitive decline rate on the screener and immediate memory measures. APOE status did not affect rate of cognitive decline on the screener, but presence of e4 predicted faster decline on immediate and delayed memory. TBI history and APOE status interacted to predict delayed memory decline, such that history of TBI was associated with a reduced rate of decline for e4 non-carriers but there was no effect of TBI for e4 carriers. Conclusion When examining cognitive decline trajectory, TBI history predicted slower decline (a positive effect) while APOE had either a negative impact or no effect, depending on the measure. Future study should examine cognitive decline in the context of demographic and genetic factors.

Patterson and Fosse's 2015 collection The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth represents a significant provocation to our understanding of persistent racial inequalities amongst African American youth, raising important questions around the relationship between culture, identities and racialized structures. This short article takes a comparative perspective, exploring race, culture and identity from a British standpoint, and highlights some of the dangers of privileging an overly cultural account of racialized inequality. It argues for the inextricability of structure and culture, and for the necessity of a deeper engagement with the historical, political and social dynamics through which culture comes to matter.

This short article traces the development of Islamophobia in Britain and argues for its reconceptualisation as a form of anti-Muslim racism.

Summary Background Limits on the frequency of whole blood donation exist primarily to safeguard donor health. However, there is substantial variation across blood services in the maximum frequency of donations allowed. We compared standard practice in the UK with shorter inter-donation intervals used in other countries. Methods In this parallel group, pragmatic, randomised trial, we recruited whole blood donors aged 18 years or older from 25 centres across England, UK. By use of a computer-based algorithm, men were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 12-week (standard) versus 10-week versus 8-week inter-donation intervals, and women were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 16-week (standard) versus 14-week versus 12-week intervals. Participants were not masked to their allocated intervention group. The primary outcome was the number of donations over 2 years. Secondary outcomes related to safety were quality of life, symptoms potentially related to donation, physical activity, cognitive function, haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations, and deferrals because of low haemoglobin. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN24760606, and is ongoing but no longer recruiting participants. Findings 45 263 whole blood donors (22 466 men, 22 797 women) were recruited between June 11, 2012, and June 15, 2014. Data were analysed for 45 042 (99·5%) participants. Men were randomly assigned to the 12-week (n=7452) versus 10-week (n=7449) versus 8-week (n=7456) groups; and women to the 16-week (n=7550) versus 14-week (n=7567) versus 12-week (n=7568) groups. In men, compared with the 12-week group, the mean amount of blood collected per donor over 2 years increased by 1·69 units (95% CI 1·59–1·80; approximately 795 mL) in the 8-week group and by 0·79 units (0·69–0·88; approximately 370 mL) in the 10-week group (p

The Empire Strikes Back was a landmark text in the formation and transformation of ethnic and racial studies in Britain. With issues of race, migration, nation and inequality starkly back on the current political and public agenda, this review article reflects on the continued significance of the book's insights and challenges for contemporary race politics in the UK.

Drawing on new empirical research on ‘the Bengal diaspora’, this paper explores the struggle over Bangladeshi identity in East London, as exemplified in the monument of the Shahid Minar and the related celebration of Ekushe, which marks the beginning of the Bangladesh national liberation struggle. Bringing together theories of diaspora consciousness and memorialization, the paper explores the ways in which rituals and memory work both as a form of continuity with the homeland and as a method of claims-staking for minority groups in multicultural spaces. Using original interviews with community and religious leaders, the paper explores the ways in which the establishment of the monument and the memorialization of the Liberation War represents the re-imagination of the Bangladeshi community in London and draws the lines for the contestation of this identity.

Anthropologist and documentary photographer Claire Alexander offers a unique perspective on the ways in which the reality TV show RuPaul’s Drag Race (RPDR) has influenced drag culture in the city of Perth, Western Australia. Using an ethnographic approach, Alexander explores the ideas and concerns of a group of local drag queens who entered the Perth drag scene at various stages in its development from 1983 to the present day. Alexander’s data indicate the value of using four critical lenses to explore how Perth drag has changed over the years, especially in its response to RPDR. Accordingly, the chapter draws primarily upon: participants’ personal history and inspirations; their general knowledge of drag history; perceived changes within the wider queer and non-queer community; and adaptations made by Perth drag queens to “new ways” of doing drag. Alexander draws from photographic images created throughout her research that depict queens local to Perth as well as contestants and winners of RPDR including Jinkx Monsoon, Yara Sofia, Milk, Latrice Royale, and Trixie Mattel.

Transnational marriage has been at the centre of controversies around migration control and multiculturalism in Britain in the past decade, with South Asian Muslim women placed at the heart of concerns around integration, segregation and ‘parallel lives’. Such discourses perpetuate a pathologised and ahistorical account of gendered processes of migration in which subcontinental marriages are viewed as posing barriers for integration and belonging. Drawing on interviews with Bangladeshi Muslim brides, this article challenges these dominant accounts and argues, instead, for viewing marriage as a field of interaction and exchange, which is itself formed and transformed through the process of migration. Using Levitt and Glick Schiller's idea of ‘transnational social fields’, the paper explores the complex levels of interaction and (ex)change, relations of power and historical dynamics of transnational marriage amongst this community in Britain.

Variability in pre-analytical blood sampling and handling can significantly impact results obtained in quantitative immunoassays. Understanding the impact of these variables is critical for accurate quantification and validation of biomarker measurements. Particularly, in the design and execution of large clinical trials, even small differences in sample processing and handling can have dramatic effects in analytical reliability, results interpretation, trial management and outcome. The effects of two common blood sampling methods (serum vs. plasma) and two widely-used serum handling methods (on the clot with ambient temperature shipping, “traditional”, vs. centrifuged with cold chain shipping, “protocol”) on protein and autoantibody concentrations were examined. Matched serum and plasma samples were collected from 32 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients representing a wide range of disease activity status. Additionally, a set of matched serum samples with two sample handling methods was collected. One tube was processed per manufacturer's instructions and shipped overnight on cold packs (protocol). The matched tube, without prior centrifugation, was simultaneously shipped overnight at ambient temperatures (traditional). Upon delivery, the traditional tube was centrifuged. All samples were subsequently aliquoted and frozen prior to analysis of protein and autoantibody biomarkers. Median correlation between paired serum and plasma across all autoantibody assays was 0.99 (0.98–1.00) with a median % difference of −3.3 (−7.5 to 6.0). In contrast, observed protein biomarker concentrations were significantly affected by sample types, with median correlation of 0.99 (0.33–1.00) and a median % difference of −10 (−55 to 23). When the two serum collection/handling methods were compared, the median correlation between paired samples for autoantibodies was 0.99 (0.91–1.00) with a median difference of 4%. In contrast, significant increases were observed in protein biomarker concentrations among certain biomarkers in samples processed with the ‘traditional’ method. Autoantibody quantification appears robust to both sample type (plasma vs. serum) and pre-analytical sample collection/handling methods (protocol vs. traditional). In contrast, for non-antibody protein biomarker concentrations, sample type had a significant impact; plasma samples generally exhibit decreased protein biomarker concentrations relative to serum. Similarly, sample handling significantly impacted the variability of protein biomarker concentrations. When biomarker concentrations are combined algorithmically into a single test score such as a multi-biomarker disease activity test for rheumatoid arthritis (MBDA), changes in protein biomarker concentrations may result in a bias of the score. These results illustrate the importance of characterizing pre-analytical methodology, sample type, sample processing and handling procedures for clinical testing in order to ensure test accuracy.

Based on a recent empirical project on 'the Bengal diaspora', the paper explores the construction and contestation of meanings around the iconic East London street, Brick Lane. Taking the 2006 protests around the film Brick Lane as its starting point, the paper draws on original interviews conducted in 2008 with a range of Bengali community representatives, to examine the narratives of space, community and belonging that emerge around the idea of Brick Lane as the 'cultural heartland' of the British Bangladeshi community. By exploring the representation, production and contestation of 'social space' through everyday practices, the paper engages with and contests the representation of minority ethnic 'communities' in the context of contemporary multicultural London and examines the process of 'claiming' and 'making' space in East London. In so doing, the paper contributes to a critical tradition that challenges essentialising and pathologizing accounts of ethnic communities and racialized spaces, or that places them outside of broader social and historical processes - redolent, for example, in contemporary discussions about 'parallel lives' or 'the clash of civilizations'. By contrast, this paper views social space as made through movement and narration, with a particular emphasis on the social agency of local Bengali inhabitants and the multiple meanings that emerge from within this 'imagined community'. However, rather than simply stressing the unfinished and processual nature of spatial meanings, the paper insists on the historical, embodied and affective dimensions of such meaning making, and a reckoning with the broader social and political landscape within which such meanings take shape. The focus on Brick Lane provides an empirically rich, geographically and historically located lens through which to explore the complex role of ethnicity as a marker of social space and of spatial practices of resistance and identity. By exploring Bengali Brick Lane through its narratives of past, present and future, these stories attest to the symbolic and emotional importance of such spaces, and to their complex imaginings.

This introductory paper seeks to locate Stuart Hall's writing on ‘race’ and ethnicity in the broader context of his work and life. The paper seeks to examine Hall's significance as one of the most important theorists of race globally, and as a theorist of Black Britain, before exploring the intersection of the personal and political dimensions of his work. The paper finally considers the continuities of Hall's writing on race and considers the implications of this for ‘illuminating Dark Times’. It serves also as background and introduction to the papers included in this special issue.

This paper explores some of the challenges facing researchers and writers working in the field of South Asian cultural studies in the diaspora in the contemporary moment. Taking as its starting point the burgeoning interest in all aspects of South Asian cultures, lives and expressions since the late 1990s', the paper explores some of the dilemmas that accompany this emergence – around the politics of knowledge, the problem of cultural identity and the potentialities of popular culture – and argues for the necessity of a critical and politically re‐engaged cultural analysis.

The measurement of body composition in clinical practice has relevance for identifying clinical conditions that warrant intervention. When body tissues are lost or gained as a result of an intervention (e.g., nutritional, physical activity, or medication), it can be clinically important and meaningful to quantify the specific changes as a means of monitoring the effects of the intervention. When monitoring the effects of a clinical intervention, knowledge of changes in total body values for fat or lean tissues may not be as informative as region or site-specific values. Body composition measurement methods vary in complexity, cost and precision, and range from simple field-based methods to more technically challenging laboratory-based methods.

This report summarises the key findings from the 2016 Thought Leadership Programme convened by Corsham Institute in conjunction with RAND Europe and St George's House to explore the opportunities and challenges that digital technologies are creating within society. This report summarises key findings from the four sessions and discusses overarching themes on how digital advances can be used to the benefit of society.

In recent years, the Home Office has adopted a reinvigorated policy of citizenship education and integration towards both new immigrants and settled minority ethnic communities. One of the cornerstones of this new policy is English language, which is seen as a key tool for the successful integration of Britain's diverse communities. This paper is divided into two parts. Firstly, it explores the changing role of English language in the current debates around citizenship, nationhood and belonging. It argues that English language is used symbolically as a cultural boundary marker, which both defines minority ethnic ‘communities’ and excludes them from the re-imagined national ‘community’. Secondly, using empirical research from a recent study on ‘Access to Services with Interpreters’, the paper seeks to challenge the reification of national and minority versions of ‘community’ that lies at the heart of current discourses around nation and citizenship. Taking language as a key symbol of ‘community’, the paper...