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1. Mettre en relation producteurs et mangeurs pour une alimentation durable ?La protection de la biodiversité entre confiance et connaissance

Author

Claire Bernardin, Guilhem Anzalone, Giffona Justinia Hanitravelo, and Bertille Thareau

Subjects
sustainable diets, sensitivity to biodiversity, awareness-raising strategies, interactions between producers and consumers, civic alternatives, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Some stakeholders belonging to the civil society campaign for an alternative agroecological model that would involve citizens as well as farmers rather than institutions, and that would be highly beneficial for biodiversity. We tackle the significance that biodiversity preservation holds for individuals that adopt sustainable diets, as well as the part played by their interactions with producers committed to this matter in the development of such sensitivity. Through fourteen qualitative interviews and an online survey (n=210), we show that biodiversity preservation is very rarely a primary motivation for people to eat sustainably indeed and that interactions between them and biodiversity-protectors, in cases of awareness-raising strategies from associations, are neither necessary not sufficient for such sensitivity to develop.

Published
2021
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2. Virulence test using nematodes to prescreen Nocardia species capable of inducing neurodegeneration and behavioral disorders

Author

Claire Bernardin Souibgui, Anthony Zoropogui, Jeremy Voisin, Sebastien Ribun, Valentin Vasselon, Petar Pujic, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava, Patrick Belly, Benoit Cournoyer, and Didier Blaha

Subjects
Nocardia, C. elegans, Parkinson’s symptoms, Neuronal apoptosis, Rapid virulence test, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron programmed cell death. The etiology of PD remains uncertain—some cases are due to selected genes associated with familial heredity, others are due to environmental exposure to toxic components, but over 90% of cases have a sporadic origin. Nocardia are Actinobacteria that can cause human diseases like nocardiosis. This illness can lead to lung infection or central nervous system (CNS) invasion in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The main species involved in CNS are N. farcinica, N. nova, N. brasiliensis and N. cyriacigeorgica. Some studies have highlighted the ability of N. cyriacigeorgica to induce Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms in animals. Actinobacteria are known to produce a large variety of secondary metabolites, some of which can be neurotoxic. We hypothesized that neurotoxic secondary metabolite production and the onset of PD-like symptoms in animals could be linked. Methods Here we used a method to screen bacteria that could induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration before performing mouse experiments. Results The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans allowed us to demonstrate that Nocardia strains belonging to N. cyriacigeorgica and N. farcinica species can induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Strains of interest involved with the nematodes in neurodegenerative disorders were then injected in mice. Infected mice had behavioral disorders that may be related to neuronal damage, thus confirming the ability of Nocardia strains to induce neurodegeneration. These behavioral disorders were induced by N. cyriacigeorgica species (N. cyriacigeorgica GUH-2 and N. cyriacigeorgica 44484) and N. farcinica 10152. Discussion We conclude that C. elegans is a good model for detecting Nocardia strains involved in neurodegeneration. This model allowed us to detect bacteria with high neurodegenerative effects and which should be studied in mice to characterize the induced behavioral disorders and bacterial dissemination.

Published
2017
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3. Cryo-EM and antisense targeting of the 28-kDa frameshift stimulation element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome

Author

Marie Teng-Pei Wu, Wipapat Kladwang, Ralph S. Baric, Yixuan J. Hou, Rachel J. Hagey, Rhiju Das, Wah Chiu, Victoria D'Souza, Rachael Kretsch, Timothy P. Sheahan, Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Ramya Rangan, Edward A. Pham, Shanshan Li, Ivan N Zheludev, Grigore D. Pintilie, Kaiming Zhang, Jeffrey S. Glenn, and Raphael Haslecker

Subjects
Models, Molecular, viruses, Genome, Viral, Response Elements, Virus Replication, Genome, Article, Frameshift mutation, Structural Biology, Cell Line, Tumor, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Humans, Nucleic acid structure, Frameshift Mutation, Molecular Biology, Vero Cells, Base Sequence, Drug discovery, Chemistry, SARS-CoV-2, Cryoelectron Microscopy, RNA, COVID-19, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Protein tertiary structure, Cell biology, Viral replication, A549 Cells, Nucleic Acid Conformation, RNA, Viral, Pseudoknot
Abstract

Drug discovery campaigns against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beginning to target the viral RNA genome (1, 2) . The frameshift stimulation element (FSE) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is required for balanced expression of essential viral proteins and is highly conserved, making it a potential candidate for antiviral targeting by small molecules and oligonucleotides (3–6) . To aid global efforts focusing on SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting, we report exploratory results from frameshifting and cellular replication experiments with locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which support the FSE as a therapeutic target but highlight difficulties in achieving strong inactivation. To understand current limitations, we applied cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and the Ribosolve (7) pipeline to determine a three-dimensional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 FSE, validated through an RNA nanostructure tagging method. This is the smallest macromolecule (88 nt; 28 kDa) resolved by single-particle cryo-EM at subnanometer resolution to date. The tertiary structure model, defined to an estimated accuracy of 5.9 Å, presents a topologically complex fold in which the 5′ end threads through a ring formed inside a three-stem pseudoknot. Our results suggest an updated model for SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting as well as binding sites that may be targeted by next generation ASOs and small molecules.

Published
2021
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5. Cryo-electron Microscopy and Exploratory Antisense Targeting of the 28-kDa Frameshift Stimulation Element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Genome

Author

Victoria D'Souza, Grigore D. Pintilie, Rachel J. Hagey, Marie Teng-Pei Wu, Wah Chiu, Timothy P. Sheahan, Shanshan Li, Edward A. Pham, Jeffrey S. Glenn, Ivan N Zheludev, Ramya Rangan, Rachael Kretsch, Ralph S. Baric, Wipapat Kladwang, Yixuan J. Hou, Rhiju Das, Raphael Haslecker, Claire Bernardin, and Kaiming Zhang

Subjects
Chemistry, Oligonucleotide, Drug discovery, viruses, RNA, Computational biology, Locked nucleic acid, Pseudoknot, Genome, Protein tertiary structure, Frameshift mutation
Abstract

Drug discovery campaigns against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beginning to target the viral RNA genome1, 2. The frameshift stimulation element (FSE) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is required for balanced expression of essential viral proteins and is highly conserved, making it a potential candidate for antiviral targeting by small molecules and oligonucleotides3–6. To aid global efforts focusing on SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting, we report exploratory results from frameshifting and cellular replication experiments with locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which support the FSE as a therapeutic target but highlight difficulties in achieving strong inactivation. To understand current limitations, we applied cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and the Ribosolve7 pipeline to determine a three-dimensional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 FSE, validated through an RNA nanostructure tagging method. This is the smallest macromolecule (88 nt; 28 kDa) resolved by single-particle cryo-EM at subnanometer resolution to date. The tertiary structure model, defined to an estimated accuracy of 5.9 Å, presents a topologically complex fold in which the 5′ end threads through a ring formed inside a three-stem pseudoknot. Our results suggest an updated model for SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting as well as binding sites that may be targeted by next generation ASOs and small molecules.

Published
2020
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6. Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France

Author

Céline Becouze-Lareure, Ghislain Lipeme Kouyi, Céline Colinon, Benoit Cournoyer, Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Jean-Baptiste Aubin, Laurence Marjolet, Emilie Bourgeois, Laure Wiest, Sylvie Barraud, Didier Blaha, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex IMU (Project IMU-MIC), Labex IMU (Project IMU-Patho-Air), PEPS-CNRS (Patho-BRD), ANR CABRRES, Grand Lyon Metropolis, Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency, ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Aeromonas caviae, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Rain, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Stormwater, Indicator bacteria, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Wastewater, 01 natural sciences, Nocardia, Sediments, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Feces, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, Water Pollutants, Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Bacteria, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Incidence, Detention basin, General Medicine, Pesticide, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Fecal indicator bacteria, Environmental chemistry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Environmental science, Micropollutants, France, Hydrology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The nature and fate of urban contaminants washed by stormwater events and accumulating in a detention basin (DB) were investigated. Relations between bacterial and chemical contaminants of trapped urban sediments, and field parameters were analyzed. Fecal indicators and some pathogens known to be environmentally transmitted (Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae) were tracked, and their persistence investigated. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 3 years, using five sites including a settling chamber (SC). Aerosolized bacteria at these sites were also monitored. Deposits in the basin were made of fine particles and their content in chemical pollutants was found highly variable. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents were measured but only three pesticides, over 22, were detected. Deposits were significantly contaminated by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and by Nocardia. Only A. caviae showed significant numbers in aerosolized particles recovered over the detention basin. Nocardia spp. cells heavily contaminated the SC. The efficacy of the detention basin at reducing bacterial counts per rain event and over time were estimated. A slight drop in the counts was monitored for fecal indicators but not for the other bacterial groups. Hydrodynamic parameters had a strong impact on the distribution and features of the deposits. Multiple factors impacted the fate of FIB, P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and Nocardia cells, but in a group dependent manner. Nocardia counts were found positively correlated with volatile organic matter. FIB appeared highly efficient colonizers of the DB.

Published
2017
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7. Bacteriome genetic structures of urban deposits are indicative of their origin and impacted by chemical pollutants

Author

Jean-Baptiste Aubin, Didier Blaha, Sébastien Ribun, Benoit Cournoyer, Romain Marti, Claire Bernardin Souibgui, Gislain Lipeme Kouyi, Laurence Marjolet, Céline Becouze-Lareure, Laure Wiest, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was partly funded by Labex IMU (Intelligence des Mondes Urbains) of Lyon, and the French national research agency (ANR) CABRRES project # 2011-CESA-012. It was also funded by the French national research program for environmental and occupational health of Anses under the terms of project 'Iouqmer' EST 2016/1/120., ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions ( DEEP ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut des Sciences Analytiques ( ISA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ), and ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés ( 2011 )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.TOX ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Prevotella, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Environmental impact, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteroides, Extremophile, Water pollution, lcsh:Science, Soil Microbiology, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, 6. Clean water, RNA, Bacterial, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Genetic structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water Microbiology, Soil microbiology, Environmental Monitoring, Surface Properties, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Water Movements, Impervious surface, Cities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Bacteria, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Water Pollution, lcsh:R, Bacteriome, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Q, Microbiome, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Authors thank the iBio platform (UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Universite Lyon 1) for bioinformatics processor resources and support, and Sylvie Barraud for support on chemical data analyses. They also thank OTHU (Field Observatory in Urban Hydrology) of ZABR (Zone Atelier Bassin du Rhone), the Grand Lyon Metropolis and Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency for technical and administrative supports.; International audience; Urban activities generate surface deposits over impervious surfaces that can represent ecological and health hazards. Bacteriome genetic structures of deposits washed off during rainfall events, over an urban industrial watershed, were inferred from 16S rRNA gene (rrs) sequences generated by high throughput sequencing. Deposits were sampled over a 4 year-period from a detention basin (DB). Major shifts, matching key management practices, in the structure of these urban bacteriomes, were recorded. Correlation analyses of rrs similarities between samples and their respective concentrations in chemical pollutants, markers of human fecal contaminations (HF183) and antimicrobial resistances (integrons), were performed. Harsher environmental constraints building up in the older deposits led to an increase number of rrs reads from extremophiles such as Acidibacter and Haliangium. Deposits accumulating in the decantation pit of the DB showed an increase in rrs reads from warm blooded intestinal tract bacteria such as Bacteroides and Prevotella. This enrichment matched higher concentrations of Bacteroides HF183 genotypes normally restricted to humans. Bacteriomes of urban deposits appeared good indicators of human-driven environmental changes. Their composition was found representative of their origin. Soil particles and rain appeared to be major contributors of the inferred bacterial taxa recovered from recent deposits.

Published
2017
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8. Programmable antivirals targeting critical conserved viral RNA secondary structures from influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2

Author

Rachel J. Hagey, Menashe Elazar, Edward A. Pham, Siqi Tian, Lily Ben-Avi, Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Matthew F. Yee, Fernando R. Moreira, Meirav Vilan Rabinovitch, Rita M. Meganck, Benjamin Fram, Aimee Beck, Scott A. Gibson, Grace Lam, Josephine Devera, Wipapat Kladwang, Khanh Nguyen, Anming Xiong, Steven Schaffert, Talia Avisar, Ping Liu, Arjun Rustagi, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Phillip S. Pang, Purvesh Khatri, Chien-Te Tseng, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Catherine A. Blish, Brett L. Hurst, Timothy P. Sheahan, Rhiju Das, and Jeffrey S. Glenn

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Neuraminidase, General Medicine, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Antiviral Agents, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Mice, Influenza A virus, Humans, RNA, Animals, RNA, Viral, RNA, Messenger
Abstract

Influenza A virus’s (IAV’s) frequent genetic changes challenge vaccine strategies and engender resistance to current drugs. We sought to identify conserved and essential RNA secondary structures within IAV’s genome that are predicted to have greater constraints on mutation in response to therapeutic targeting. We identified and genetically validated an RNA structure (packaging stem–loop 2 (PSL2)) that mediates in vitro packaging and in vivo disease and is conserved across all known IAV isolates. A PSL2-targeting locked nucleic acid (LNA), administered 3 d after, or 14 d before, a lethal IAV inoculum provided 100% survival in mice, led to the development of strong immunity to rechallenge with a tenfold lethal inoculum, evaded attempts to select for resistance and retained full potency against neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant virus. Use of an analogous approach to target SARS-CoV-2, prophylactic administration of LNAs specific for highly conserved RNA structures in the viral genome, protected hamsters from efficient transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 USA_WA1/2020 variant. These findings highlight the potential applicability of this approach to any virus of interest via a process we term ‘programmable antivirals’, with implications for antiviral prophylaxis and post-exposure therapy.

Published
2017

9. Virulence test using nematodes to prescreen Nocardia species capable of inducing neurodegeneration and behavioral disorders

Author

Souibgui, Claire Bernardin, Zoropogui, Anthony, Voisin, Jeremy, Ribun, Sébastien, Vasselon, Valentin, Pujic, Petar, Rodriguez Nava, Véronica, Belly, Patrick, Cournoyer, Benoit, and Blaha, Didier

Subjects
Nocardia, C. elegans, Parkinson's symptoms, Neuronal apoptosis, Rapid virulence test
Abstract

Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron programmed cell death. The etiology of PD remains uncertain-some cases are due to selected genes associated with familial heredity, others are due to environmental exposure to toxic components, but over 90% of cases have a sporadic origin. No cardia are Actinobacteria that can cause human diseases like nocardiosis. This illness can lead to lung infection or central nervous system(CNS) invasion in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The main species involved in CNS are N. farcinica, N. nova, N. brasiliensis and N. cyriacigeorgica. Some studies have highlighted the ability of N. cyriacigeorgica to induce Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in animals. Actinobacteria are known to produce a large variety of secondary metabolites, some of which can be neurotoxic. We hypothesized that neurotoxic secondary metabolite production and the onset of PD-like symptoms in animals could be linked. Methods. Here we used a method to screen bacteria that could induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration before performing mouse experiments. Results. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans allowed us to demonstrate that Nocardia strains belonging to N. cyriacigeorgica and N. farcinica species can induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Strains of interest involved with the nematodes in neurodegenerative disorders were then injected in mice. Infected mice had behavioral disorders that may be related to neuronal damage, thus confirming the ability of Nocardia strains to induce neurodegeneration. These behavioral disorders were induced by N. cyriacigeorgica species (N. cyriacigeorgica GUH-2 and N. cyriacigeorgica 44484) and N. farcinica 10152. Discussion. We conclude that C. elegans is a good model for detecting Nocardia strains involved in neurodegeneration. This model allowed us to detect bacteria with high neurodegenerative effects and which should be studied in mice to characterize the induced behavioral disorders and bacterial dissemination.

Published
2017

10. Guillaume Apollinaire et le cinéma

Author

Aurouet, Carole, Campa, Laurence, Debon, Claude, Claire, Bernardin, Emilie, Bouvard, Sylphide, De, Cécile, Debray, Laurence, Des Cars, Girardot, Cécile, Donatien, Grau, Etienne-Alain, Hubert, Jean-Jacques, Lebel, Murphy, Maureen, Didier, Ottinger, Emilia, Philippot, Read, Peter, IRCAV - Institut de Recherche sur le Cinéma et l'Audiovisuel - EA 185 (IRCAV), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-LABEX ICCA, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre des Sciences des Littératures en Langue Française (CSLF), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Chaire de Formation des adultes, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique (LMGP ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EA 4100, Histoire culturelle et sociale de l'art (HiCSA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cinéma, Ciné-texte, Poésie, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Catalogue exposition - Musée d'OrsayGuillaume Apollinaire fut actif comme critique d’art essentiellement entre 1902 et 1918. Cette large quinzaine d’années, qui peut sembler réduite dans ses bornes chronologiques, va cependant concentrer un foisonnement prodigieux d’écoles, de manifestes, de tentatives et de découvertes dans le domaine des arts. La personnalité d’Apollinaire, sa sensibilité artistique, son insatiable curiosité, font de lui un témoin, un acteur et un passeur privilégié des bouleversements du début du XXe siècle. Grand découvreur de l’art de son temps, Apollinaire avait «situé une fois pour toutes la démarche d’un Matisse, d’un Derain, d’un Picasso, d’un Chirico (…) au moyen d'instruments d’arpentage mental comme on en avait plus vu depuis Baudelaire», déclarait Breton en 1952. L’objet de ce catalogue d'exposition (Musée d'Orsay) est de rendre compte de l’importance qu’a pu avoir pour son époque le regard de ce poète-critique, comme Baudelaire ou Mallarmé en leur temps. Poète, critique, découvreur des arts africains, ami des artistes, Apollinaire fut un acteur central de la révolution esthétique qui donna naissance à l’art moderne. On explore l’univers mental et esthétique d’Apollinaire à travers un parcours thématique : du Douanier Rousseau à Matisse, Picasso, Braque ou Delaunay, du cubisme à l’orphisme et au surréalisme, des sources académiques à la modernité, des arts premiers aux arts populaires. Les liens du poète avec Picasso sont bien évidemment tout particulièrement mis à l'honneur.

Published
2016

12. Incidence des organisations urbaines sur le microbiote des eaux de ruissellement et la dissémination de formes pathogènes

Author

Marti, Romain, Michalon, Jérôme, Jean-Yves, Toussaint, LIPEME KOUYI, Gislain, Marjolet, Laurence, Gleizal, Audrey, Claire, Bernardin, Blaha, D., Barraud, Sylvie, Ribun, S, Aubin, Jean-Baptiste, Sophie, Vareilles, COURNOYER, Benoit, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre Max Weber (CMW), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Probabilités, statistique, physique mathématique (PSPM), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Centre Max Weber ( CMW ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale ( LGCIE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie ( MAP ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions ( DEEP ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] ( ICJ ), École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnement Ville Société ( EVS ), and École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon ( ENSAL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon )

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Contamination, [ SHS.SOCIO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

13. Potential role of autophagy during Wolbachia antiviral interference against chikungunya virus in mosquito cells

Author

Raquin, Vincent, Valiente Moro, Claire, Claire, Bernardin, Tran, Florence Hélène, Tran Van, Van, Potier, Patrick, Lavillette, Dimitri, Mavingui, Patrick, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), and Chautard, Marie-Gabrielle

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, parasitic diseases, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Abstract

International audience; Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) like dengue (DENV) or chikungunya (CHIKV) virus are a major threat for public health, responsible for millions of cases each year worldwide. Arboviruses are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes, whose vectorial competence depends on environmental, genetic and immune factors. Recently, it was showed that mosquito microflora, like fungi and bacteria, could also modulate host vectorial competence. This is the case for Wolbachia, an obligatory intracellular Alphaproteobacteria commonly found in arthropods, which was shown to decrease DENV, WNV and CHIKV transmission in mosquito. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms of this interaction remain largely unknown. To improve our understanding of the host mechanisms involved in Wolbachia-arbovirus interaction, we used the C6/36 cell line from Aedes albopictus, a competent vector of CHIKV and DENV. We stably infected C6/36 cells with the Wolbachia strain wAlbB, naturally present in Ae. albopictus, then performed CHIKV infections. Results showed that viral replication and infectiosity decrease in the presence of the bacteria compare to cells were Wolbachia was cleared using antibiotic. In light of recent studies suggesting the importance of autophagic process during arbovirus infection, we showed that autophagy was modulated in mosquito during viral and bacterial co-infection, and could partially explain the antiviral effect of Wolbachia. These results must be thorough and extended to other mosquito species to try to decipher the role of mosquito endosymbionts on pathogen transmission.

Published
2013

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