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The energy policies of four emerging democratic governments in Eastern Europe are individually profiled with respect to the challenge of producing more electrical energy, while creating less pollution and cleaning up the existing environmental disorder. Highlighted is the possible change from the burning of lignite coal to use of nuclear reactors. (JJK)

This article chronicles the international collaboration behind the technological review and the subsequent upgrading of operational safety procedures at Soviet-designed nuclear power plants within the Soviet Union and various Eastern European countries in the aftermath of the tragedy at Chernobyl. (JJK)