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The high catabolism and inflammatory responses due to the burn injury can affect the increase of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress condition that delays the healing process of wounds. Providing protein can help to improve protein loss during catabolism, as for antioxidants, they prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress situation. One product of protein and antioxidants source that have been developed is a liquid food formula made from Catfish and Moringa flour which were processed using nanotechnology. This study aims to analyze the effect of liquid food formula made from Catfish and Moringa flour processed using nanotechnology on Sprague Dawley rats with burn injury, especially on malondialdehyde levels and reduction in wound area. The design of this study was an experimental study with 6 experimental groups, namely rats with aquadest intervention (K), 15% liquid food formula (MCB 15), 30% liquid food formula (MCB 30), 15% nano liquid food (MCN 15), and 30% nano liquid food (MCN 30) that given for 14 days. The One Way ANOVA test indicated that there was no significant difference in malondialdehyde levels among all experimental groups. However, the highest decrease in malondialdehyde levels occurred in the MCN 30 group. Moreover, the MCN 30 group also showed the highest reduction in the wound area and was significantly different from the control group, MCB 15, MCN 15, and MCK 30, but didn’t show a significant difference from the MCB 30 group based on the One Way ANOVA test and a further test of Duncan.

Pendahuluan; Minyak ikan lele ( Clarias gariepinus ) mengandung omega 3 dan omega 6 yang dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida dalam darah dan memberikan efek positif terhadap jaringan hati. Tujuan; untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian minyak ikan lele terhadap jumlah sel saraf, sel hapatosit dan sel ginjal yang rusak pada tikus galur Sprague Dawley yang diberi pakan hiperkolesterolemia . Bahan dan Metode; Desain penelitian ini Randomized Control trial (RCT) pada hewan coba tikus galur Sprague Dawley dengan empat perlakuan yaitu A1 (kontrol), A2 (minyak ikan lele), A3 (minyak ikan lele + omega 3) dan A4 (minyak ikan lele+omega 3+vitamin E). Sel-sel yang mengalami abnormalitas dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya (pembesaran 20x40) untuk kemudian dianalisis univariat (rata-rata±standar deviasi) serta analisis bivariat (one-way ANOVA). Hasil; Rata-rata jumlah sel yang mengalami kerusakan pada sel saraf di hipokampus pada kelompok tikus kontrol (A1) tidak berbeda signifikan dibandingkan semua kelompok tikus yang diberikan minyak ikan lele (A2, A3, A4) (p>0,05). Hasil serupa juga ditunjukkan pada rara-rata jumlah sel hepatosit dan sel ginjal yang rusak. Kesimpulan; Pemberian minyak ikan lele dengan komposisi berbeda tidak memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada kerusakan sel saraf, sel hepatosit, dan sel ginjal tikus galur Sprague Dawley .

Elderly is defined as an age group that is susceptible to various diseases. The aging process in the elderly is associated with an increase in oxidative stress activity which can lead to various health problems which are a major cause of high mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of supplementation of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) oil enriched with omega-3 soft capsule on oxidative stress and cognitive function of elderly people. The design of this study was a single blind randomized control trial. A total of 29 elderly subjects were chosen following these inclusion criteria: aged >60 y; had dyslipidemia; and signed the informed consent. Subject were divided into three groups i.e. SO (soybean oil), CFO (commercial fish oil), and CO with omega-3 (catfish oil enriched with omega-3). The intervention was 1,000 mg oil/d administered for 90 d. The results showed that different supplementation groups had significant effects on oxidative stress and cognitive function (p

This study aimed to determine the effect of high-protein milk intervention on weight gain and renal function in malnourished children. This research is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 52 wasting children (BAZ -3

This study aimed to examine the potential of white tea and kelor in improving lipid profile and histopathological features of the pancreas in streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. The research design was an experimental study with post-test control group design. Catechin content were analysed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (out of 24 rats, 12-week old, 200-300 g) were induced with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW. Four groups of rats received one of the green tea (GT), white tea (WT), kelor (K), or the mixture of white tea and kelor (WTK) with a dose of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at 100 mg/kg BW administered orally for 21 days. Measurements of the lipid profile and preparation of histopathological features of the pancreas were performed after the intervention was completed. The results showed that white tea had the highest concentrations of catechin (39.17%), gallic acid (1.09%), EGCG (4.46%), and epicatechin (9.61%) compared to the other tea groups. The TG levels of the WTK group (95±19.35 mg/dl) were significantly different (p 0.05). The mean diameter of the islets of Langerhans in the DM group (9.16± 2.56 μm) was significantly different (p

This study aims to examine the antihyperglycemic effect of white tea (Camellia sinensis) and Moringa oleifera when administered as a single component and as mixture in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The study design was experimental. The first step was to analyze epigallocathecingallat (EGCG) content as standard with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The second step was intervention in Sprague dawley rats induced by streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBW. Intervention held for 21 days with given white tea (WT), M. oleifera (MO), mixture of white tea and M. oleifera (WT+MO) and green tea (GT) as positive control with reference dose 100 mg/kgBW EGCG. Rats blood glucose and body weight were measured. The results are WT having the highest content of EGCG (4.46%). MO and WT+MO only have 2.42% and 2.46% of EGCG while GT as control is the lowest (1.29%). Measurements of blood glucose and body weight in group that given WT or MO as single component showed no significant difference with control negative group (p>0.05). Blood glucose decreased significantly in group WT+MO (p 0.05). The combination of white tea and M. oleifera has better ability as an antihiperglycemic agent compared to single component.

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in body weight and cell morphology in liver, kidney and brain tissue of Sprague dawley rats administered hypercholesterolemia diets for four weeks. Four diet treatments were applied in this study: control, catfish oil, catfish oil with the addition of omega 3 and catfish oil with the addition of omega 3 and vitamin E. Four weeks after the intervention, the rats were sacrificed and the internal organs (liver, brain, and kidney) were taken for histological preparations by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry test. The study showed that the catfish oil intervention tend to reduced weight gain of rats fed hypercholesterolemia diets. More lipid accumulation in liver of the control group was found than the intervention groups. However, there was no difference in the histopathology of the kidney and brain tissues between the control group and intervention groups. It is concluded that catfish oil study provides a positive effect in rat liver tissue, but no difference exists between the brain and kidney tissue. There is no defect found at hippocampus of rats by formed of amyloid plague.

Background: Status of minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and chromium among diabetic patients are considered lower than non-diabetic peoples, both in the serum and intake. Some reviews show that those minerals contribute to carbohydrate metabolism among diabetic patients. Objective: This study aims to explore intake of zinc, magnesium, and chromium among DMT2 in Denpasar. Method: This is a cross-sectional analytic study. The population was all (70) DMT2 patients registered at Chronic Disease Service (Prolanis) at two Primary Health Care (PHC) Denpasar Utara III PHC and Denpasar Timur I PHC. The sample for the study was DMT2 patients and non-diabetic people age 50-70 years reside in Denpasar city. DMT2 patients were randomly selected with simple random technique, while non-diabetic peoples were non-randomly selected. The level of serum chromium was measured by AAS method, whereas microminerals intake were collected by a recall and SQ-FFQ method. Data was analyzed descriptively and differences were tested with two independent t-test at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean of serum chromium DMT2 and non-diabetic were 0.044 mg/L and 0.094 mg/L respectively. The mean±SEM magnesium (DMT2 316.1±22.4 mg/day; non-diabetic 211.0±33.5 mg/day), zinc intake was (DMT2 8.4±0.7 mg/day; non-diabetic 6.2±0.8 mg/day), and chromium (DMT2 10.8±1.3 µg/day; non-diabetic 8.7±0.9µg/day). A significant difference was found between magnesium intake (p=0.01). Conclusion: The study showed that zinc, magnesium and chromium intake is appeared higher among DMT2 patients compare to non-diabetic in Denpasar region.

Basically, bacterial populations in the gut ecosystem of healthy people who eat a balance diet are generally stable. Used of anti–tuberculosis drugs that consist of several antibiotics was alterating of the human gut microbiota. To analyze efficacy of milk–based protein supplement, synbiotic and micronutrients supplements on maintaining of microflora balance and increasing of sIgA level of treated pulmonary tuberculosis patient. A double–blind randomized treatment–control trial design. Data of microflora population of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. in human fecal was enumerated using plate count method and counting chambers method. Determination of secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva was using sIgA ELISA Kit. Both subjects of treatment and control groups got same standard package of anti–tuberculosis drugs and MBP supplementation, except of treatment subjects were given synbiotic and micronutrients. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann–WhitneyU–test. After first month of intervention, total colony of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. were higher in treatment group than control groups (p 0.05) in all phase, contrary in the control group sIgA titers after 6 mo was declined (p < 0.05). There was positive effect of these supplements to maintain balance of gut microflora and stimulating sIgA secretion during TB chemotherapy. Keywords: Bifidobacterium, microflora, micronutrients, milk, mucosal, Lactobacillus.

Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) oil contains a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, however process of refining will damage the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids. This study was aimed at develop a better refining process of catfish oil. The material used in this research were crude catfish oil as a by product from flouring industry, and magnesol XL as its adsorbent. Oil was purified by two-step, neutralization and bleaching. The various bleaching temperatures (25o C; 70o C; 100o C) were applied. The study showed that refined oil at temperature of 25oC resulted in a best value of FFA, PV, anisidin numbers, and the lowest number of total oxidation.

Children are what every family is longing for. All families expect their children to grow up optimally and healthily for both their mental and physical so that they will be able to perform their daily life excellently and become the reliable human resource for the nation. As the nation's asset, children need to get a proper attention since in the womb until reaching adult age. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between parenting (especially eat-fostering behavior) and the children's nutritional status in Cikarawang Village, Bogor. This was a cross sectional study. The subject of this study was children with the age that ranges between 12–59 months. The data regarding the subject's characteristic and socio-cultural characteristic were obtained from an interview with the toddler's mom. Anthropometry data including body weight and body height were obtained by directly measuring the subjects. The data regarding eat-fostering behavior were obtained from interview using questionnaire. The proportion of children with malnutrition and good nutrition was 40% and 50%. There was no correlation between eat-fostering behavior and mother's education, with p>0.05.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of moringa leaves powder which is packed in a capsule to the uric acid level of pre-elderly and elderly. The subjects of this study were 24 pre-elderlies and elderlies which were 47 years old and older. These subjects were divided into two groups, one was given 2g of moringa leaves powder and the other was given 3g of moringa leaves powder. The experiment was conducted for 14 days. The subjects’ blood sample was taken to measure their uric acid level. The result of this study indicated that moringa leaves capsule's intervention decreased the uric acid level as demonstrated by the measurement in Day-7 and Day-14. Therefore, this research concluded that moringa capsule intervention for 14 days had an ability to decrease uric acid level.

The objective of this study is to identify the effect of moringa leaves products consumption in the form of moringa capsule and moringa tea on the elderly’s uric acid level. The study design was quasi-experiment. The subjects of this study were 16 elderlies which were all 47 years old or older. These subjects were divided into two groups. First, the group that was given 1 package of moringa tea (equal to 1.5g moringa tea). Second, the group that was given 2 moringa capsules (equal to ± 0.5g moringa leaves powder). Both products were set to be consumed twice a day (morning and afternoon). Both products contain antioxidant activity (IC50-DPPH) for approximately 139.93 ppm. The consumption of moringa capsule for seven days consecutively has a potential effect on the medicinal treatment of hyperuricemia by decreasing uric acid level.

Eel were known asa food source that contain high nutrients. Recently, the utilization of Eel for export purposes has remained high. The aim of this study were to analyze the nutritive value and fatty acids profile of fresh Indonesian eel and roasted eel (kabayaki). This study were conducted at P.T. Jawa Suisan Indah, Sukabumi District, West Java Province, and Kimia Terpadu Laboratorium Bogor Agricultural University, from October 2012 to May 2013. The proximate analysis on fresh Indonesian Eel showed that it contained 17.68% of protein, 28.29% of fat, 42.03% of moisture, 3.93% of ash and 0.30% of crude fiber. While Kabayaki contains 32.70% of protein, 2.39% of fat, 48.32% of moisture, 2.37% of ash and 0.55% of crude fibre. The fatty acids composition of fresh Indonesian Eel consisted of 22.78% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 32.84% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 11.4% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 1.15% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 5.16% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While kabayaki contained 30.68% SFA; 31.1% MUFA; 10.39% PUFA; 0.70% EPA and 1.29% DHA. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-1201-2014-06

Catfish oil and fermented catfish oil have not been developed and commercially produced as catfish derived products. Various processing of catfish oil will change both the composition and physico-chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to identify the composition of fatty acids and physico-chemical characteristics of both catfish oil (MIL) and fermented catfish oil (MILT). Results showed that fatty acid composition of catfish oil was MUFA (36.12%)> PUFA> (32.43%)> SFA (31.45%), while the composition of fermented catfish oil was MUFA (42.96%)> SFA (42.32%)> PUFA (15.39%). The fermentation process with lactic acid bacteria increased the content of stearic acid but decreased the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Physical and chemical characteristics of MIL and MILT were almost similar, they indicated oxidation process, based on melting point, viscosity, and thiobarbituric acid values. Therefore, in the production of catfish oil or fermented cat fish oil, it is necessary to add spices and/or nutrient as antioxidants sources. Keywords: catfish oil, PUFA, MUFA, SFA and CLA ABSTRAK Minyak ikan lele (MIL) dan minyak ikan lele terfermentasi (MILT) sebagai produk turunan dari ikan lele masih belum banyak dikembangkan dan diproduksi secara komersial. Berbagai proses pengolahan minyak dapat mengubah komposisi dan karakteristik fisiko-kimia minyak ikan lele. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi asam lemak dan karakteristik fisiko-kimia dari minyak ikan lele (MIL) dan minyak ikan lele terfermentasi (MILT). Komposisi asam lemak pada MIL secara berurutan adalah MUFA (36,12%) > PUFA (32,43%) > SFA (31,45%), sedangkan setelah difermentasi menjadi MILT terjadi perubahan yaitu MUFA (42,96%) > SFA (42,32%) > PUFA (15,39%). Jenis asam lemak jenuh yang mengalami peningkatan pada MILT adalah asam lemak stearat, sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda yang mengalami penurunan adalah asam linoleat dan linolenat yang menyebabkan kadar asam arakidonat dan CLA meningkat. Karakteristik fisiko-kimia MIL dan MILT hampir sama yaitu menunjukkan terjadinya proses oksidasi yang didasarkan pada nilai viskositas, titik cair, dan bilangan TBA. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi proses oksidasi lemak, didalam pengolahan kedua minyak ini perlu ditambahkan bumbu atau zat gizi kaya antioksidan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):82-90] Kata kunci: minyak ikan lele, PUFA, MUFA, SFA, CLA

Unsaturated fatty acids contained oils which sensitive to oxidation caused by heat, light andoxygen. The oxidized oil known harmful to the body. One of the effort to prevent the oxidationprocess is by adding antioxidants stability of oil catfish and shelf life of the oil. The experimentalstudy was applied by adding vitamin E to the oil as much as 0.67 mg / g PUFA compared with thecontrol oil. Oil was stored with the Schaal Oven Test method, which are stored at a temperatureof 600C. The study showed that, based on the parameters of oxidation (free fatty acids, peroxidevalue, anisidin numbers, and the number of total oxidation), catfish oil were added vitamin Emore stabilized than the catfish oil without added vitamin E. The catfish fish oil in the form of softgell capsules added vitamin E could maintain stability in appropriate with IFOS up to 23 months.Keywords: Catfish oil, vitamin E, stability, Schaal Oven Test

Kelor is one of the vegetables with high nutrients contents but haven’t been widely utilized. Adding kelor leaves flour to the crackers made with catfish flour to increase protein and minerals is one way to maximize the potential of its nutrient content. This research purposed to develop the formulation of crackers by adding kelor leaves flour and catfish dumbo flour as a food source of protein and minerals. Kelor leaves flour obtained from this research contains protein, calcium, iron, and zinc respectively for 23.25%, 640.5 mg/100g, 30.6 mg/100g, and 6.65 mg/100g. The best formula chosen from organoleptic was is crackers with the addition 10% catfish dumbo flour and 2.5 g kelor leaves flour. The crackers contain 11.50% protein, 30.73 mg/100g calcium, 8.56 mg/100g iron, and 609.70 mg/100g zinc respectively. Selected crackers contain more than 20% protein and more than 15% of iron and zinc standart for 2-5 years old children group based on nutrition label reference (ALG, for Indonesian), so it can be claimed as a food source of protein, iron and zinc.

Susu tinggi protein merupakan makanan kompleks yang mengandung beberapa senyawa bioaktif potensial, kemungkinan memiliki efek terhadap berat badan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian susu tinggi protein terhadap tingkat konsumsi susu tinggi protein, status gizi dan menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat konsumsi zat gizi makro dengan status gizi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksprimental dengan desain Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 24 subjek pada kelompok perlakuan dan 23 subjek pada kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan susu tinggi protein dan pendidikan gizi selama 90 hari. Kelompok kontrol diberikan pendidikan gizi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan asupan energi antara kedua kelompok (p

Kualitas hidup lansia dipengaruhi oleh status gizi dan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbedaan karakteristik subjek, status gizi, status kesehatan dan kualitas hidup serta mengkaji hubungan status gizi dan kesehatan dengan kualitas hidup lansia di Desa Ciherang Bogor dan Desa Jambu Bengkulu Tengah, dengan pertimbangan perbedaan etnis dan kebiasaan makan. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan 74 subjek di masing-masing desa. Pengumpulan data karakteristik subjek, status kesehatan, status gizi dan kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji mann whitney dan korelasi spearman. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan karakteristik subjek dalam hal status perkawinan, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan status tinggal (p0,05). Terdapat hubungan positif pada status gizi dengan kualitas hidup domain kesehatan fisik dan lingkungan, terdapat hubungan positif pada status kesehatan dengan kualitas hidup domain kesehatan fisik dan hubungan sosial (p

Degenerative process is an accumulation of free radicals that can lead to a variety of changes in the cell. This aim of the study to see the effects of different dietary lipid intervention on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in female aged cynomolgus monkey. Twelve female Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were randomly divided into 4 dietary groups of three animals. Animals were held in individual cages and placed in the position where they can interact individually. They were given a normal fat diet with 2% cholesterol and 3% of fat from soybean oil and 9% of lipid as beef tallow (BFT), catfish oil (CFO), fermented catfish oil (FCFO) and soybean oil (SBO). Evaluation of their body weights, serum lipid profile and cholesterol content consumption were done monthly except an index of lipid peroxidation were performed before and after 12 weeks intervention. Animal group that consumed the feed more than 82% has body weight gain, such as CFO and BFT. On the other side, animal group that consumed less than 70% has body weight loss, such as FCFO. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the experimental diets on decreasing triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol level. Cynomolgous given BFT, CFO, and FCFO diet for 3 months showed signifi cantly increased (p < 0.05) in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level, but the monkeys fed with SBO showed lower levels. Statistically, All of diet interventions do not significantly affect on lipid peroxidation in LDL (p < 0.05). In general it can be concluded that catfish oil significantly cause elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in blood serum, but not in the HDL plasma. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2014-1202-03

COMPLEMENTARY FOOD DEVELOPMENT BASED ON PUPAE-MULBERRY (PURY) Proper complementary feeding are well recognized as necessary to ensure optimal growth and development during the early years, however are often inadequate in energy density, protein and micronutrient concentration. The aim of the study is to develop pury-formula complementary foods for infant aged 6-9 moths and to analyze nutrition quality and food safety. A silkworm pupae was a major constituents used as materials which was processed to be a fine powder, called “PURY”. Methods: mix all ingredients consist of 16.6% red rice flour, 16.6% tempe powder, 16.6% formula milk powder, 25% fine sugar cane and 25% pury. Results and finding: Per 100 g Pury-formula contain 426 kcal energy, 20.0% protein, 11.2% fat included linoleat and linolenat; vitamin A,E, B groups and mineral such as Fe, Ca, Zinc, Iodine and Se. Conclusion: Pury-formula complementary food is better than commercial product and as well as Health Department guidance. It has a well balanced amount of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat included long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) that are essential for the brain and optimal growth of infants. Recommendation: Pury-formula can be an alternate nutritious complementary food for infants undernourished. Keywords : pury, complementary food, growth, infant, undernourished

Pasien TB paru pada akhirnya aka n mengalami keadaan gizi buruk dan menurunnya respon imun. Kemoterapi dengan menggunakan obat-obatan TB merupakan langkah yang efektif untuk mengobati penyakit ini, tetapi mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap keseimbangan mikropola usus inflamasi karena infeksi TB paru, menurunkan pengaturan sintesa zat gizi dan menurunkan nafsu makan, sehingga terjadi kekurangan gizi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa efikasi symbiotik dan suplemen zat gizi mikro terhadap status gizi pada pasien dewasa TB paru yang sedang diobati yang menderita kekurangan energi kronik setelah 2 bulan menjalani intervensi. Desain penelitian “a double-blind randomized treatment control trial“ dilakukan pada 2 pusat penyembuhan TB paru di Bandung dan Garut. Sejumlah 43 orang yang menderita kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) dipilih dari 76 pasien TB paru yang terekrut dengan variasi umur antara 20–45 tahun. Kelompok ini dibagi 2 kelompok, kelompok pertama diberikan susu yang berisi protein, symbiotik dan suplemen micronutrien (MSM) dan kelompok kedua diberi susu yang berbasis protein saja (MO) sebagai kelompok kontrol. Seluruh pasien menerima terapi standar untuk TB paru, parameter status gizi (BB, IMT, masa Lemak, hemoglobin, serum vitamin A dan seng) dikumpulkan pada saat awal setelah 1 bulan, 2 bulan dari pemberian intervensi data di awalnya. Perbedaan antara dan dalam kelompok menggunakan statistik parametrik dannon parametric. Hasil menunjukan bahwa setiap kelompok pada akhir intervensi parameter status gizi secara signifikan mengalami perbaikan dibandingkan pada awal penelitian (P0,05). Ada pengaruh potensial dari setiap suplemen dalam meningkatkan status gizi, penelitian yang lebih lama dengan tidak memberikan susu berbasis protein pada kelompok kontrol dibutuhkan. Kata kunci: imunitas, zat gizi mikro, symbiotik, TBparu

The objective of this study was to produce arrowroot starch flakes with dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) flour, as a rich energy, protein, and mineral food for elderly. Design of this study was complete randomized design with four formulas and each combination was replicated two times. A selected formula was determined based on semi trained panelists preference. Acceptance of selected flakes formula was examined by elderly using hedonic test. Flakes by addition of 33.00% of dumbo catfish flour was the selected formula. The chemical properties for selected flakes were as follows 4.00% of water, 4.84% ash, 16.90% protein, 5.21% fat, 69.06% carbohydrate, 14.48% calcium, and 8.61% phosphor. The selected flakes contain 391 kcals energy per 100 g. The selected flakes had contributed more than 20.00% of energy, protein, calcium, and phosphor for elderly people so it can be claimed as a food product rich in energy, protein and minerals.Keywords: arrowroot starch, dumbo catfish flour, flakes, mineral, proteinABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan flakes pati garut dan tepung ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) sebagai pangan kaya energi, protein, dan mineral untuk lansia. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat formula dan setiap kombinasi diulang dua kali. Formula terpilih ditentukan berdasarkan preferensi panelis agak terlatih. Penerimaan flakes terpilih oleh lansia dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji hedonik. Flakes dengan penambahan tepung ikan lele dumbo sebanyak 33.00% merupakan formula terpilih. Sifat kimia flakes terpilih yaitu 4.00% kadar air, 4.84% abu, 16.90% protein, 5.21% lemak, 69.06% karbohidrat, 14.48% kalsium, dan 8.61% fosfor. Flakes terpilih mengandung 391 kkal energi per 100 g. Flakes terpilih memiliki kontribusi lebih dari 20.00% untuk energi, protein, mineral kalsium, dan fosfor untuk lansia sehingga dapat diklaim sebagai produk makanan yang kaya energi, protein, dan mineral.Kata kunci: flakes, mineral, pati garut, protein, tepung ikan lele dumbo

The research aimed to assess the impact of interventions to the behaviour changes of household food consumption and to search the role of community institutions in accelerating the achievement of the millennium eco-village. The study involved thirty households in Desa Petir, Dramaga Subdistrict, District of Bogor (15 agricultural and 15 non agricultural-households). Pre and post test method was used to analyze the behaviour change, and focused group discussions were conducted to explore initiatives of the community group toward eco-village. The results indicated the changes of expenditure proportion for food and non food. At the agricultural households, changes are from 61.7% to 53.9%, whereas in the non agricultural household, the changes are from 59.9% to 41%. Food consumption for under five children become more diverse, nutritious, and balanced. Life Style on Clean Life and Health (PHBS) on family farmers and non farmers become better. Cooperation between community groups, local leaders, the government, and facilitators could strengthen institution to enable real action towards the millennium eco-village.Key words: food consumption, MDGs, social institutionsABSTRAKTujuan penelitian secara umum adalah untuk mengembangkan model millennium eco-village melalui intervensi prinsip eco-village. Sebanyak 30 keluarga terpilih sebagai subjek yang terdiri dari 15 keluarga petani (KP) dan 15 keluarga non-petani (KNP). Metode penelitian pre dan post digunakan untuk mengukur dampak intervensi terhadap perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dan peran kelembagaan masyarakat dalam percepatan pencapaian MDGs. Hasil menunjukkan perubahan pada proporsi pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan, yakni pada KP dari 61.7% menjadi 53.9%, sedangkan pada KNP dari 59.9% menjadi 41%. Meskipun perubahan antara kedua kelompok tersebut tidak signifikan, namun terdapat peningkatan dalam kesejahteraan petani. Terjadi perbaikan status gizi balita yang signifikan (p=0.009). Terjadi perubahan konsumsi pangan balita menjadi lebih Beragam, Bergizi, dan Berimbang (3B). PHBS pada KP maupun KNP menjadi lebih baik. Kerjasama antara kelompok masyarakat, pemimpin informal, pemerintah desa, dan kader desa dapat memperkuat kelembagaan sosial.Kata kunci: kelembagaan sosial, konsumsi pangan, MDGs

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, in addition to frequently suffering from nutritional deficiency, may have impaired gut microflora balance as effect of low daily dietary intake and antibiotics therapy use, respectively. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum is a normal inhabitant of human gut microflora, which able to improve nutrients absorption and modulate immune response. Objective: To test the effect of milk-based protein (MBP) supplement on the microflora balance of TB (maintaining growth and metabolic activity of probiotic bacteria) from treated patients. Methods: Several methods was applied to determine nutrients concentration and probiotic population. (1) types and carbohydrate amount and vitamin A concentration in MBP supplement was determined by HPLC method, zinc concentration used AAS method and amount of protein used micro Kjeldahl method; (2) total energy, fat and vitamin D concentration was calculated based on their concentration in each ingredient; (3) total cells count for growth and metabolic activity test of probiotics bacteria was used plating technique and HPLC method, respectively; (4) acceptance test to MBP supplement was performed using organoleptic test three point Likert scale. Results: In each 100 gram MBP supplement was containing (a) monosaccharide (1,710 mg), disaccharides (43,870 mg) and oligosaccharides (490 mg), vitamin A, zinc, protein, energy, fat dan vitamin D, (b) it supplement capable maintained growth of probiotics bacteria (> 1x 10 log10 cfu/mL) and stimulated lactic acid production five times higher (4,5 M lactic acid/mL) than placebo (0,9 M lactic acid/ml); (c) MBP supplements has been accepted by all subjects. Conclusion: MBP supplement had capacity to maintain growth and improved metabolic activity of two indigenous probiotic bacteria in the human gut. Keywords: milk-based protein supplement, probiotic, microflora, pulmonary tuberculosis. ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Pasien tuberkulosis (TB) Paru, di samping sering mengalami defisiensi zat gizi, diduga mengalami gangguan keseimbangan mikroflora usus akibat rendahnya konsumsi makanan dan penggunaan terapi antibiotika. Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Bifidobacterium longum merupakan penghuni normal mikroflora usus manusia, yang mampu memperbaiki penyerapan zat gizi dan memodulasi respon imun. Tujuan: Menguji efek suplemen protein berbasis-susu (PBS) terhadap keseimbangan mikroflora TB (pemeliharaan pertumbuhan dan aktivitas metabolik bakteri prebiotik) dari pasien dalam pengobatan. Metode: Beberapa metode diterapkan untuk menentukan konsentrasi zat gizi dan populasi probiotik. (1) jenis dan jumlah karbohidrat serta konsentrasi vitamin A dalam suplemen PBS menggunakan metode HPLC, konsentrasi seng menggunakan metode AAS, dan jumlah protein menggunakan metode mikro Kjeldahl; (2) jumlah energi, lemak dan konsentrasi vitamin D dihitung berdasarkan kandungan zat gizi dalam setiap bahan; (3) populasi bakteri probiotik menggunakan teknik plating dan aktivitas metabolik dengan metode HPLC; (4) daya terima suplemen PBS secara organoleptik menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil: Setiap 100 gram suplemen PBS terkandung: (a) karbohidrat monosakarida (1.710 mg), disakarida (43.870 mg) dan oligosakarida (490 mg) serta energi, lemak, protein, vitamin A, vitamin D, dan seng; (b) suplemen PBS mampu memelihara pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik (> 1x 10 log10 cfu/mL) dan menstimulasi produksi asam laktat lima kali lebih tinggi (4,5 M asam laktat/mL) dibandingkan dengan plasebo (0,9 M asam laktat/mL); (c) suplemen PBS disukai oleh seluruh subyek. Kesimpulan: Suplemen PBS memiliki kapasitas mempertahankan pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik dan meningkatkan aktivitas metabolik dua probiotik indigenus saluran pencernaan manusia. [Penel Gizi Makan 2011, 34(2): 147-156]

IndonesianPola Pangan Harapan (PPH) adalah metoda perencanaan persediaan/kebutuhan pangan untuk konsumsi penduduk yang mampu menyediakan energi dan zat gizi lain yang dibutuhkan oleh penduduk dengan jumlah yang cukup, seimbang dengan mutu pangan yang lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan data Susenas 1990, untuk mendapatkan mutu pangan yang mengarah ke PPH, maka setiap orang harus mengurangi konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat dan lemak. Sebaliknya meningkatkan konsumsi pangan sumber zat gizi lain seperti protein vitamin dan mineral. Dengan demikian tantangannya adalah pangan yang disediakan di setiap propinsi pada Repelita VI harus mengikuti kecenderungan tersebut.

Generally, Iodine Deficiency Discorders (IDD) is prevalent among people who live in mountain areas with low iodine content in the soil, drinkin-water and the foods-stuff. Recently, based on several studies, it is reported that the IDD cases are also found among people who live along coastal areas. No one report has explained the possible cause explicitly. The objective of this study is to analyze the iodine content of foods-stuff consumed in endemic and nonendemic coastal areas to explore the possible factors influencing IDD in villages along coastal areas. The study was conducted from April to August 1998 in the coastal area of Belimbing Village, Paciran sub district (as endemic coastal area) and Labuhan Village, Brondong sub district (as nonendemic coastal area), Lamongan Regency, East Java Province. The two villages are located along Java Sea. For this purpose 30 school children were selected as samples from each village ("Sekolah Dasar Belimbing I" and "Sekolah Dasar Labuhan 117". The food consumption data were collected by using food frequency questionnaire and the iodine content in foods-stuffs were measured quantitatively in laboratory. The result of this study shows that the iodine content in most of the foods-stuff in Belimbing Village is lower than Labuhan Village. The difference is around 2.5- 4.5 microgram/100g for sea production, and around 0.025-0.59 microgram/100g for vegetables and fruits.

Kualitas ASI pada ibi hamil khususnya kandungan besi dan vitamin A dipengaruhi oleh status besi dan status vitamin A ibu. Ibu menyusui yang tinggal di pedesaan hingga saat ini masih mempunyai kebiasaan memberikan ASI pada anak balitanya walau sudah berumur 2 tahun. Sampai saat ini belum ada data status besi dan status vitamin A ibu menyusui, kecuali status besi dan status vitamin A ibu hamil. Data ibu hamil menunjukkan bahwa anemi gizi masih merupakan masalah dan status vitamin A ibu hamil pun sebagian masih rendah. Kedua masalah gizi tersebut merupakan masalah yang terpisah akan tetapi ada kemungkinan keduanya merupakan masalah yang berkaitan antara satu dengan lainnya. Penelitian status besi dan status vitamin A telah dilakukan pada 75 orang ibu menyusui dari pedesaan di Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel berumur antara 16 tahun sampai dengan 35 tahun dengan status gizi baik, yang mempunyai anak balita berumur sampai dengan 2 tahun. Dari hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa rata-rata kadar vitamin A ibu menyusui tersebut adalah 32.8±11 ug/dl, sedangkan kadar ferritin (besi) adalah 20.4±12.6 ng/ml. Uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap kenaikan 1 ug/dl vitamin A akan terjadi kenaikan ferritin sebesar 0.32 ng/ml (Fsign.=0.0149), Uji korelasi Pearson antara vitamin A dan ferritin adalah 0.2803 (p

The Camelia-mulberry tea has a big potential to becomes a healthy beverage according to its bioactive components, and added by red ginger powder and tamarind. Those ingredients may increase immunity againts various diseases. The aims of this study was to develop formula of a healthy beverage contained of two varieties of leaves (camelia and mulberry), with Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, L.) This main research used mice strain Spraque Dawley, 1.5-2 month old with weight 75–105 gram. The instruments used in this study were tea maker, organoleptic test and ELISA test. The experimental design used factorial complete random design with 5 groups, where on each group consists of 5 mouse, with two selected variables of the best camelia-mulberry tea, i.e., multikaulis enzymatic oxidation + Gambung 7 enzimatic non-oxidation; bulk tea (Tea A) with difference time observation ( 0, 2 and 4 weeks). The given dosage was 1 ml/100 gram mice weight, with different concentration of camelia-mulberry tea i.e. 3, 6, 9, and 12 gram/ml. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that a significant different exist for the time observation of a mice serum IgG (p Followed by Tukey test, which shows that a significant differences exist on IgG average at the beginning and after the 2nd weeks of treatment, and the 2nd weeks vs 4th weeks treatment. Key Words: Camelia-mulberry tea, healthy beverage, immune response

The chlorophyll is well known as natural antioxidant which is commonly high level in some geen leafy and has potential biological effect for a good health and has been proved has antioxidant and antimutagenic activity. In fact, a high content of chlorophyll is available in nature but in contrast its found commercially in Indonesia as imported product with a high price. The objectives of this study were to determine of chlorophyll level of various leaves (Premna oblongifolia Merr., Saurpus androgynus Merr. Centella asiatica, and Morus alba L), to produce copper-chlorophyll derivative powder, and to observe its physico-chemical properties. The research showed that cincau leaf had higher level of chlorophyll than other leaves, meanwhile cincau leaf used as material of copper-chlorophyll derivative. Cincau leaves chlorophyll extract solution with Cu2+ 100 mg/l level produce the cincau copper-chlorophyll derivative powder with highest pH, solubility, and geenness compare to other copper levels. The cincau copper-derivate chlorophyll powder contained chlorophyll 3986 mg/kg, b-carotene 33.8 mg/kg, and contained alkaloid, saponin, tanin, steroid, and glycoside. Keywords: chlorophyll, Premna oblongifolia Merr., Saurpus androgynus Merr., Centella asiatica, Morus alba L., copper-chlorophyll derivative

Silkworm pupae is immature stage of moth. It is inner part of the silkworm cocoon shell which usually disposed from yarn silk production, and now has become a valuable ingredient of human food in many countries, however it is not common yet in Indonesia. The purpose of study is to develop a weaning food as nutritious basic formula of complementary food from pupae waste. A silkworm pupae was a major constituents used as materials. There are sixth steps to get PURY properly: select a fresh, fine and clean pupae, steamed well about 10 seconds, grinded and sifted it to get liquid, added 10% maize powder, dried in oven at 60ºC for 6 hours, and refine on blender. A fine powder, so called “PURY”, has a well balanced amount of moisture, protein, fat included PUFA, carbohydrate, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Through a simple processing, the dry product of fine PURY powder can be obtained and used as a basic formula of complementary food and snacks and has made great contribution to reduce pupae waste. Research is continued to scale up producing PURY based product for more food-technological uses in order to reduce prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia. Keywords: silkworm, pupae waste, PURY, complementary food, malnutrition

Produksi kokon di Kelurahan Walennae dapat merepresentasikan tingkat produksi Kabupaten Wajo. Tingkat produksi kokon di Kelurahan Walennae berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Tingkat produksi cenderung meningkat di tahun 2013 dan menurun secara drastis pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dan menganalisa status kelayakan usaha persuteraan alam saat ini secara holistik. Berdasarkan analisis finansial, usaha persuteraan alam layak dilaksanakan. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi usaha persuteraan alam adalah kualitas bibit/telur ulat sutera, kondisi iklim, ketersediaan sumber pakan (daun murbei), tenaga kerja dan harga jual produk. Faktor-faktor tersebut harus dikendalikan secara intensif sehingga dibutuhkan lembaga khusus yang menangani, merumuskan strategi-strategi yang sesuai dan menjalankannya untuk pengembangan usaha persuteraan alam di Kabupaten Wajo.

Aim of the study Based on the authors’ fieldwork in a Sundanese village, Indonesia, this paper aimed to elucidate the roles of herbal medicine in treatment of illnesses and to report medicinal plants and their uses, comparing with those mentioned in the encyclopedic book series of Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). Materials and methods Interview survey was conducted for all of the 19 herbalist healers about their therapies for the past 1-month period, and the medicinal plants used were botanically identified. For 70 non-healer households, treatments for all members’ illness episodes in the past 1-month period were asked. Results Medicinal plants were used in two-thirds of illness cases, either through the villagers’ self-treatment (60.9%) or by the healers (6.5%). The healers made 96 therapies for illnesses (classified into 23 categories), using 117 plant species. There were 257 types of illness–plant pairs, and only 114 of them (44.4%) were judged conformed to those mentioned in the PROSEA. Conclusion Sundanese villagers have depended heavily on herbal medicine, and high proportion of non-conformed illness–plant pairs suggests necessity of further studies about Sundanese medicinal plants, particularly their pharmacological effects.

This research aims to analyze the nutritive value of flour head, liver powder and bone meal as by product of Indonesian eel (Anguilla bicolor) processing. Eel waste flour was made by using a thermal process in the drum dryer fish flouring mill PT. Carmelitha Lestari in Bogor, whereas proximate analysis for chemical tests were performed in the laboratory of Integrated Chemical Laboratory, IPB and direct observation was conducted in PT Jawa Suisan Indah, Palabuhanratu Sukabumi district in October 2012—April 2013. The nutritive value based on proximate analysis showed that head flour, liver flour, and bone flour contained protein 61.78%, 53.92%, and 41.01%; fat 15.55%, 27.28%, 13.07%; carbohydrate 11.48%; 14.96%, 8.13%; water 5.44%, 8.48%, 3.01%; ash 12.95%, 3.62%, 37.49%, and crude fiber 1.33%, 0.04%, 1.11%, respectively.Keywords: Anguilla bicolor, bone flour, head flour, liver flour, nutritive valueABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan gizi tepung kepala, tepung tulang dan tepung hati ikan yang merupakan limbah pengolahan ikan sidat Indonesia (Anguilla bicolor). Tepung limbah ikan sidat dibuat berdasarkan proses termal menggunakan drum dryer di pabrik penepungan ikan PT. Carmelitha Lestari di Bogor dan analisis proksimat untuk uji kimiawi dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Terpadu, IPB serta observasi langsung di PT Jawa Suisan Indah, Palabuhanratu Kabupaten Sukabumi pada bulan Oktober 2012—April 2013. Hasil analisis proksimat tepung kepala, tepung hati dan tepung tulang mengandung protein berturut-turut sebesar 61.78%, 53.92%, dan 41.01%; lemak sebesar 15.55%; 27.28%; 13.07%, karbohidrat sebesar 11.48%; 14.96%; 8.13%, kadar air sebesar 5.44%; 8.48%; 3.01%, kadar abu 12.95%; 3.62%; 37.49% dan serat kasar 1.33%; 0.04%; 1.11%.Kata kunci: Anguilla bicolor, nilai gizi, tepung hati, tepung kepala, tepung tulang

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of one dish meal breakfast on dietary intake and adequacy level of energy and other nutrients of elementary school children. The study used pre-experimentalone-group pretest-posttest design and was conducted from March to May 2011 at Kebon Kopi 2 Public ElementarySchool in Bogor City. The total number of sixty two elementary students were fully participated in this study, most of them were girls aged 11 years old. The Ethical Approval for this study was obtained from Komisi Etik Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan No. KE.01.05/EC/301/2011. The study showed that there was significant difference before and after giving one dish meal breakfast as school feeding among the elementary school children (pKey words: one dish meal, breakfast school, dietary intakes, nutrient adequacy, elementary school childrenABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian sarapan menu sepinggan terhadap konsumsi dan tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi lainnya pada siswa SD. Penelitian menggunakan pra eksperimentaldengan desain one-group pretest-posttest yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2011 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Kebon Kopi 2 Kota Bogor. Jumlah siswa yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 62 orang dan sebagian besar dari siswa adalah anak perempuan berusia 11 tahun. Penelitian ini telah mendapat persetujuan Etik (Ethical Approval) dari Komisi Etik Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Nomor KE.01.05/EC/301/2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian sarapan menu sepinggan di sekolah secara nyata berpengaruh (pKata kunci: menu sepinggan, makan pagi di sekolah, asupan makanan, kecukupan gizi, siswa SD

The aims of this research was to analyze the correlation of psychosocial and physical aspect with nutritional status of the elderly reside in community dwelling. The site of study was purposively selected at three “kelurahan” : Budi agung, Baranangsiang, and Situ Gede in Bogor City. A total of 100 elderly (age range 60 – 85 years; mean 68.4 year) were actively participated. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Lisrel program was used to analyse the data. The study showed positive correlation of psychosocial (r=0.07) and physical aspect (r=0.04) with nutritional status of the elderly in community. Keywords : psychosocial aspect, physical activity aspect, nutritional status.

A study of fiber used epidemiological approach proved that in industrial countries occurence of a western diseases were closely related to low fiber diet. The ideal intake of dietary fiber should be considered to produce weight of faeces equivalent to 140 – 150 g/day and a transit time less than 3 days, however others were stated that a variety of body response may also be considered in order to enhance a dietary fiber intake, since each component of dietary fiber gives a difference physiological effect in the body. Daily requirement intake of fiber is 25 – 30 g/man/day. Widyakarya (2004) stated that RDA of dietary fiber for adult and adolescence is 19 – 30 g/cap/day, and for children 10 – 14 g/1000 kcal. A diet contained high fiber has a positive effect to health. However, a further study is still needed with regards to antagonistic role if it is over consumed. Fiber has a unique roles as a component of prebiotic, which is useful for growth of intestinal microflora, and probiotic microflora.

This research attempts to analyze psychosocial aspect, physical activity, and food consumption of the elderly living in the community dwelling. Research locations were chosen purposively in three POSBINDU (The Services Post for Elderly) located at areal of Bogor City, namely: Kelurahan Budi Agung (represents city-high income society), Kelurahan Baranangsiang (city-moderate to low society), and Kelurahan Situ Gede (boundary between city to rural-low income society). A simple random sampling was applied to select the subjects. One hundred ninety-seven (197) subjects aged range 60-85 years old (mean age 68.4 years) were selected in those places and completed the survey between August 2004-July 2006. A cross –sectional design and one point approach was followed (Singarimbun & Effendi, 1995). A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data about psychological aspects (family and community support; health behavior; level of depression; life satisfaction), and food consumption limited to some nutrients essensial for elderly. For physical activity assessment, each subject rated his/her capacity involved in housekeeping. A descriptive, Chi Square, One Way ANOVA and Tuckey tests were applied to analyze the data. The research results showed that there is no significance difference among elderly in three sites in terms of psychological aspect. However, there are significance differences in health behavior and physical activity. The worst health behavior and physical activity conditions were found among elderly in Kelurahan Situ Gede caused by the social-economic differences. In terms of food consumption aspects, the significance differences exist in intake of vitamin A, vitamin B, and calcium among the subjects.