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Abstract Background Recent evidence indicates that the risk of death by suicide in teenagers has increased significantly worldwide. Consequently, different therapeutic interventions have been proposed for suicidal behavior in this particular population. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to provide an updated review of the existing psychological interventions for the treatment of suicide attempts (SA) in adolescents and to analyze the efficacy of such interventions. Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The studies were identified by searching PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2016 to 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 40 studies that tested the efficacy of different psychological interventions were selected. Results Various psychological interventions for adolescents with suicidal behaviors were identified. Most of those present promising results. However, to summarize results from recent years, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was the most common and the only treatment shown to be effective for adolescents at high risk of suicide and SA. In contrast, empirical evidence for other psychological interventions focusing on deliberate self-harm (SH) is inconclusive. Conclusions Interventions specifically designed to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents have multiplied significantly in recent years. There are a few promising interventions for reducing suicidal behaviors in adolescents evaluated by independent research groups. However, replication and dismantling studies are needed to identify the effects of these interventions and their specific components. An important future challenge is to develop brief and effective interventions to reduce the risk of death by suicide among the adolescent population.

Abstract Myofibers are large multinucleated cells that have long thought to have a rather simple organization. Single-nucleus transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics and spatial metabolomics analysis have revealed distinct transcription profiles in myonuclei related to myofiber type. However, the use of local tissue collection or dissociation methods have obscured the spatial organization. To elucidate the full tissue architecture, we combine two spatial omics, RNA tomography and mass spectrometry imaging. This enables us to map the spatial transcriptomic, metabolomic and lipidomic organization of the whole murine tibialis anterior muscle. Our findings on heterogeneity in fiber type proportions are validated with multiplexed immunofluorescence staining in tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and soleus. Our results demonstrate unexpectedly strong regionalization of gene expression, metabolic differences and variable myofiber type proportion along the proximal-distal axis. These new insights in whole-tissue level organization reconcile sometimes conflicting results coming from previous studies relying on local sampling methods.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a widespread feature of schizophrenia, affecting nearly 80 % of patients. Prior research has linked the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications to these cognitive deficits. However, the impact of the anticholinergic burden from medications for physical morbidity remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric and physical medications in patients with schizophrenia and assess its impact on cognitive function. Methods: A total of 178 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The assessments included an ad hoc questionnaire for collecting demographic and clinical data. Anticholinergic burden was evaluated using the cumulative Drug Burden Index (cDBI) for each participant, and cognitive function was assessed using MATRICS. Psychopathology was measured using the PANSS, CDSS, CAINS, and the CGI-S. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Results: The average cDBI was 1.3 (SD = 0.9). The model developed explained 40.80 % of the variance. The variable with the greatest weight was the cDBI (B = −11.148, p = 0.010). Negative-expression (B = -2.740, p = 0.011) and negative-experiential (B = −1.175, p = 0.030) symptoms were also associated with lower global cognitive score. However, more years of education (B = 5.140, p

BackgroundChild maltreatment is associated with a higher probability of mental disorders and suicidal behavior in adolescence. Therefore, accurate psychometric instruments are essential to assess this.ObjectiveTo validate the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in adolescents with suicide attempts.MethodsMultisite cohort study of 208 adolescents with suicide attempts using data from the following scales: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and CTQ-SF. Statistical analysis: CTQ-SF scores analyzed by descriptive statistics. Internal consistency: McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and C-SSRS scores: Spearman correlation coefficient. Structural validity: Confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFloor and ceiling effects: Physical abuse and neglect as well as sexual abuse demonstrated high floor effects (50.0, 35.1, and 61.1% of adolescents, respectively). No ceiling effects were found. The CTQ-SF had excellent internal consistency (McDonald’s omega = 0.94), as did the majority of its subscales (Cronbach’s alpha 0.925–0.831) except for physical neglect (0.624). Its concurrent validity was modest, and the emotional neglect subscale had the lowest Spearman correlation coefficients (0.067–0.244). Confirmatory factor analysis: Compared with alternative factor structures, the original CTQ-SF model (correlated 5-factor) exhibited a better fit [S-B χ2 = 676.653, p

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can add to fundus photography (FP) in assessing the condition of the retinal posterior pole. (2) Methods: We conducted two blocks of analysis: First, the posterior pole of each eye was examined using an FP non-mydriatic imaging device. Second, OCT was used in addition to FP. After consolidating the specific diagnostic criteria, the assessments were evaluated using two blinded independent investigation groups (by optometrists, and by ophthalmologists who were considered the gold standard). (3) Results: We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of FP compared to OCT and found that they had similar sensitivity. FP had a slightly higher specificity (p-value: 0.01), and OCT had a higher kappa coefficient with 0.50 (95% CI: 0.46–0.55) vs. 0.39 (95% CI: 0.34–0.45) for FP. (4) Conclusions: On the basis that the role of the optometrist in Spain is not to diagnose but to detect lesions and refer patients to an ophthalmologist, the results of this study support the use of OCT, which provided gradable images in almost all examined eyes (97.5%), compared to FP (73.5%). However, optometrists need a detailed and standardized guide in order to conduct evaluations according to the ophthalmologist’s criteria.

Abstract Background One of the challenges of psychiatry is the staging of patients, especially those with severe mental disorders. Therefore, we aim to develop an empirical staging model for schizophrenia. Methods Data were obtained from 212 stable outpatients with schizophrenia: demographic, clinical, psychometric (PANSS, CAINS, CDSS, OSQ, CGI-S, PSP, MATRICS), inflammatory peripheral blood markers (C-reactive protein, interleukins-1RA and 6, and platelet/lymphocyte [PLR], neutrophil/lymphocyte [NLR], and monocyte/lymphocyte [MLR] ratios). We used machine learning techniques to develop the model (genetic algorithms, support vector machines) and applied a fitness function to measure the model’s accuracy (% agreement between patient classification of our model and the CGI-S). Results Our model includes 12 variables from 5 dimensions: 1) psychopathology: positive, negative, depressive, general psychopathology symptoms; 2) clinical features: number of hospitalizations; 3) cognition: processing speed, visual learning, social cognition; 4) biomarkers: PLR, NLR, MLR; and 5) functioning: PSP total score. Accuracy was 62% (SD = 5.3), and sensitivity values were appropriate for mild, moderate, and marked severity (from 0.62106 to 0.6728). Discussion We present a multidimensional, accessible, and easy-to-apply model that goes beyond simply categorizing patients according to CGI-S score. It provides clinicians with a multifaceted patient profile that facilitates the design of personalized intervention plans.

Introduction. Managing ventral hernia remains a challenge for surgeons. Repairing it using minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (eTEP), which allows for a wide dissection of the space to be repaired, faster postoperative recovery, less postoperative pain and shorter hospital stay. The eTEP approach is a novel technique that focus on the uses of the retromuscular space to place prosthetic material and strengthen the abdominal wall. The objective is to describe the short-term results of our initial experience with the eTEP technique in the management of ventral hernias. Methodology. Observational, descriptive, retrospective, study, which included patients with a diagnosis of ventral hernia, undergoing laparoscopic eTEP surgery, between July-2021 and June-2022. Results. Of a total of 21 patients, 61.9% were men. 47.6% were overweight and 52.4% were obese. Average hospital stay: 1.6 days. 66.7% were incisional hernias. The surgical techniques performed were: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) with associated transversus abdominis muscle release in 28.6%. 19% of the patients presented global complications and only one was severe, requiring surgical reintervention. The presence of clinical seroma was observed in 9.5% and ultrasound in 57.1%. There was no evidence of hematomas, surgical wound infection or cases of hernia recurrence. Discussion and conclusions. The laparoscopic-eTEP Rives-Stoppa approach, associated or not with posterior separation of components, in the management of ventral hernias offers good results with a low incidence of postoperative complications, short hospital stay, low incidence of hernia recurrences, so it could be considered a safe and effective technique in the treatment of ventral hernias. Introducción. El manejo de la hernia ventral sigue siendo un desafío para los cirujanos. Su reparación mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas, como la totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP) laparoscópica, permite una amplia disección del espacio a reparar, una recuperación postoperatoria más rápida, menor dolor postoperatorio y estancia hospitalaria. El abordaje eTEP es un enfoque novedoso que utiliza el espacio retromuscular para colocar material protésico y fortalecer la pared abdominal. El objetivo es describir los resultados a corto plazo de nuestra experiencia inicial con la técnica eTEP en el manejo de las hernias ventrales. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, donde se incluyen pacientes con el diagnóstico de hernia ventral, sometidos a cirugía laparoscópicaeTEP, entre julio-2021 y junio-2022. Resultados. De un total de 21 pacientes, el 61.9% fueron hombres. El 47.6% tenían sobrepeso y el 52.4% obesidad. Estancia hospitalaria media: 1.6 días. El 66.7% fueron hernias incisionales. Las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas fueron: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) asociándose liberación del músculo transverso en el 28.6%. El 19% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones globales y solo uno fue grave, requiriendo reintervención quirúrgica. Se observó la presencia de seroma clínico en el 9.5% y ecográfico en 57.1%. No se evidenciaron hematomas, infección de herida quirúrgica ni casos de recidiva herniaria. Discusión y conclusiones. El abordaje laparoscópico eTEP Rives-Stoppa, asociado o no a separación posterior de componentes, en el manejo de las hernias ventrales ofrece buenos resultados asociando una baja incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias, corta estancia hospitalaria, baja incidencia de recidivas herniarias, por lo que podría considerarse una técnica segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de las hernias ventrales. Introdução. O manejo da hérnia ventral continua sendo um desafio para os cirurgiões. Seu reparo por meio de técnicas minimamente invasivas, como a totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP) laparoscópica, permite ampla dissecção do espaço a ser reparado, recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida, menor dor pós-operatória e menor tempo de internação. A abordagem eTEP é uma nova abordagem que usa o espaço retromuscular para colocar material protético e fortalecer a parede abdominal. O objetivo é descrever os resultados de curto prazo de nossa experiência inicial com a técnica eTEP no manejo de hérnias ventrais. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal, que inclui pacientes com diagnóstico de hérnia ventral, submetidos a cirurgia laparoscópica-eTEP, entre julho-2021 e junho-2022. Resultados. De um total de 21 pacientes, 61.9% eram homens; 47.6% estavam com sobrepeso e 52.4% obesos. Tempo médio de internação: 1.6 dias; 66.7% eran hérnias incisionais. As técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas foram: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) associada à liberação do músculo transverso em 28.6%. 19% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações globais e apenas um foi grave, necesitando de reintervenção cirúrgica. A presença de seroma clínico foi observada em 9.5% e ultrassonográfica em 57.1%. Não houve evidência de hematoma, infecção de ferida cirúrgica ou casos de recidiva de hérnia. Discussão e conclusões. A abordagem laparoscópica eTEP Rives-Stoppa, associada ou não à separação posterior dos componentes, no manejo das hérnias ventrais oferece bons resultados associando baixa incidência de complicações pós-operatórias, curto tempo de internação, baixa incidência de recidivas de hérnias, pelo que pode ser considerada uma técnica segura e eficaz no tratamento das hérnias ventrais.

Summary: Background: While a low CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment correlates with immunosenescence, its value in identifying patients at an increased risk for clinical events remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the CoRIS cohort to determine whether CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at year two of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could predict the risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) during the next five years. These included major adverse cardiovascular events, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and non-accidental deaths. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting to estimate the survival curves and cumulative risk of clinical events. Findings: The study included 4625 participants, 83% male, of whom 200 (4.3%) experienced an SNAE during the follow-up period. A CD4/CD8 ratio

BackgroundSince research in schizophrenia mainly focuses on deficits and risk factors, we need studies searching for high-functioning protective factors. Thus, our objective was to identify protective (PFs) and risk factors (RFs) separately associated with high (HF) and low functioning (LF) in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe collected information (sociodemographic, clinical, psychopathological, cognitive, and functional) from 212 outpatients with schizophrenia. Patients were classified according to their functional level (PSP) as HF (PSP > 70, n = 30) and LF (PSP ≤ 50, n = 95). Statistical analysis consisted of Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and logistic regression.ResultsHF model: variance explained: 38.4–68.8%; PF: years of education (OR = 1.227). RFs: receiving a mental disability benefit (OR = 0.062) and scores on positive (OR = 0.719), negative-expression (OR = 0.711), and negative-experiential symptoms (OR = 0.822), and verbal learning (OR = 0.866). LF model: variance explained: 42.0–56.2%; PF: none; RFs: not working (OR = 6.900), number of antipsychotics (OR = 1.910), and scores on depressive (OR = 1.212) and negative-experiential symptoms (OR = 1.167).ConclusionWe identified specific protective and risk factors for high and low functioning in patients with schizophrenia and confirmed that high functioning factors are not necessarily the opposite of those associated with low functioning. Only negative experiential symptoms are a shared and inverse factor for high and low functioning. Mental health teams must be aware of protective and risk factors and try to enhance or reduce them, respectively, to help their patients improve or maintain their level of functioning.

Abstract Introduction A staging model is a clinical tool used to define the development of a disease over time. In schizophrenia, authors have proposed different theoretical staging models of increasing complexity. Therefore, the aims of our study were to provide an updated and critical view of the proposed clinical staging models for schizophrenia and to review the empirical data that support them. Methods Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. From the PubMed database and backward reference search, a total of 141 records were retrieved, but only 20 were selected according to the inclusion criteria: (a) available in English; (b) participants with schizophrenia ≥ 18 years; and (c) theoretical and empirical research studies intended to develop, validate, and/or improve staging models of schizophrenia. Results Different clinical staging models for schizophrenia were identified, information about the proposed stages was tabulated and presented in the Results section (Tables 1, 2). Most of which include neuroimaging, functioning, and psychopathology, but only two models add objective biomarkers and none include patient point of view. However, few models have been psychometrically tested or used small samples and thus have been validated only partially. In addition, five studies proposed therapeutic interventions according to the stage of the disorder from a theoretical point of view. Discussion In conclusion, it is possible to stage schizophrenia, but the models developed have several limitations. Empirical validation and inclusion of more specific biomarkers and measures of other life areas affected by schizophrenia could help in the development of more valid models.

The Ross Ice Shelf is the most extensive ice shelf of Antarctica and isolates the underlying ocean from sunlight. Here the authors use multi-omics to unravel the phylogenetic and functional diversity of microbial life in this ecosystem.

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the extraordinary gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A in search of an associated supernova. Some past GRBs have shown bumps in the optical light curve that coincide with the emergence of supernova spectral features, but we do not detect any significant light-curve features in GRB 221009A, nor do we detect any clear sign of supernova spectral features. Using two well-studied GRB-associated supernovae (SN 2013dx, ${M}_{r,\max }=-19.54;$ SN 2016jca, ${M}_{r,\max }=-19.04$ ) at a similar redshift as GRB 221009A ( z = 0.151), we modeled how the emergence of a supernova would affect the light curve. If we assume the GRB afterglow to decay at the same rate as the X-ray data, the combination of afterglow and a supernova component is fainter than the observed GRB brightness. For the case where we assume the best-fit power law to the optical data as the GRB afterglow component, a supernova contribution should have created a clear bump in the light curve, assuming only extinction from the Milky Way. If we assume a higher extinction of E ( B − V ) = 1.74 mag (as has been suggested elsewhere), the supernova contribution would have been hard to detect, with a limit on the associated supernova of ${M}_{r,\max }\approx -$ 19.54. We do not observe any clear supernova features in our spectra, which were taken around the time of expected maximum light. The lack of a bright supernova associated with GRB 221009A may indicate that the energy from the explosion is mostly concentrated in the jet, leaving a lower energy budget available for the supernova.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with heterogeneous clinical course. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy, but its morbidity and mortality require careful candidate selection. Therefore, accurate disease risk prognostication is critical for treatment decision-making. We obtained registry data from patients diagnosed with MF in 60 Spanish institutions (N = 1386). These were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). A machine learning (ML) technique (random forest) was used to model overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in the training set, and the results were validated in the test set. We derived the AIPSS-MF (Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis) model, which was based on 8 clinical variables at diagnosis and achieved high accuracy in predicting OS (training set c-index, 0.750; test set c-index, 0.744) and LFS (training set c-index, 0.697; test set c-index, 0.703). No improvement was obtained with the inclusion of MPN driver mutations in the model. We were unable to adequately assess the potential benefit of including adverse cytogenetics or high-risk mutations due to the lack of these data in many patients. AIPSS-MF was superior to the IPSS regardless of MF subtype and age range and outperformed the MYSEC-PM in patients with secondary MF. In conclusion, we have developed a prediction model based exclusively on clinical variables that provides individualized prognostic estimates in patients with primary and secondary MF. The use of AIPSS-MF in combination with predictive models that incorporate genetic information may improve disease risk stratification.

ABSTRACT Electromicrobiology can be used to understand extracellular electron uptake in previously undescribed chemolithotrophs. Enrichment and characterization of the uncultivated electroautotroph “Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga” using electromicrobiology led to the designation of the order Tenderiales. Representative Tenderiales metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have been identified in a number of environmental surveys, yet a comprehensive characterization of conserved genes for extracellular electron uptake has thus far not been conducted. Using comparative genomics, we identified conserved orthologous genes within the Tenderiales and nearest-neighbor orders important for extracellular electron uptake based on a previously proposed pathway from “Ca. Tenderia electrophaga.” The Tenderiales contained a conserved cluster we designated uetABCDEFGHIJ, which encodes proteins containing features that would enable transport of extracellular electrons to cytoplasmic membrane-bound energy-transducing complexes such as two conserved cytochrome cbb3 oxidases. For example, UetJ is predicted to be an extracellular undecaheme c-type cytochrome that forms a heme wire. We also identified clusters of genes predicted to facilitate assembly and maturation of electron transport proteins, as well as cellular attachment to surfaces. Autotrophy among the Tenderiales is supported by the presence of carbon fixation and stress response pathways that could allow cellular growth by extracellular electron uptake. Key differences between the Tenderiales and other known neutrophilic iron oxidizers were revealed, including very few Cyc2 genes in the Tenderiales. Our results reveal a possible conserved pathway for extracellular electron uptake and suggest that the Tenderiales have an ecological role in coupling metal or mineral redox chemistry and the carbon cycle in marine and brackish sediments. IMPORTANCE Chemolithotrophic bacteria capable of extracellular electron uptake to drive energy metabolism and CO2 fixation are known as electroautotrophs. The recently described order Tenderiales contains the uncultivated electroautotroph “Ca. Tenderia electrophaga.” The “Ca. Tenderia electrophaga” genome contains genes proposed to make up a previously undescribed extracellular electron uptake pathway. Here, we use comparative genomics to show that this pathway is well conserved among Tenderiales spp. recovered by metagenome-assembled genomes. This conservation extends to near neighbors of the Tenderiales but not to other well-studied chemolithotrophs, including iron and sulfur oxidizers, indicating that these genes may be useful markers of growth using insoluble extracellular electron donors. Our findings suggest that extracellular electron uptake and electroautotrophy may be pervasive among the Tenderiales, and the geographic locations from which metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered offer clues to their natural ecological niche.

Our aim is to describe clinical and optical coherence tomographic features of acute paraneoplastic focal outer retinitis associated with optic neuropathy in a patient diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma. Bilateral focal outer retinitis, bilateral optic disc oedema and vitritis were identified in a patient with progressive bilateral visual loss and ataxia. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed various extents of granular hyperreflectivity and atrophy of the macular outer retinal layers. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid positivity for anti-CRMP5, anti-HU and anti-amphiphysin antibodies intensified the search for an underlying malignancy, and a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was finally diagnosed. Local and oral steroids along with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved cancer remission and partial recovery from the ophthalmic manifestations. Focal outer retinitis associated with optic disc oedema and antibody positivity facilitated the diagnosis of SCLC in a localized stage. SD-OCT allowed the characterization of this entity, expanding the spectrum of paraneoplastic ophthalmological syndromes.

Angiogenesis is a known hallmark in cancer and plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and invasion. Anti- angiogenic agents are active in ovarian cancer treatment either as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We review the mechanism of action, clinical activity and safety profile of the most important drugs either in the actual treatment or in current evaluation in the ovarian cancer treatment scenario (neoadjuvant, first line and relapse).

Abstract Only proven pathogenic mutations associated with myeloid neoplasms are key to establish the clonal nature of the bone marrow fibrosis. In cases with genetic variants of uncertain meaning, the clinical picture may be required to rule out secondary causes.

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la asociación entre el estado nutricional, la presencia de síndrome metabólico (SM), y el estado inflamatorio, en pacientes con Enfermedad de Chagas (ECh), atendidos en la consulta externa del Instituto de Medicina Tropical en Caracas. El estudio fue de tipo transversal y correlacional, en el cual se seleccionaron 34 pacientes a los cuales se les realizó un diagnóstico parasitológico, inmunológico y molecular de la ECh. Se evaluaron variables antropométricas, clínicas y bioquímicas, así como el SM el cual fue determinado por los criterios del III Panel estadounidense para el Tratamiento de Adultos del Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol (ATP-III, por sus siglas en inglés). Se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad (73,5%), un porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC) alto o muy alto (82,3%), y obesidad abdominal (61,8 %). La frecuencia de SM fue de 29,4% y más del 90% mostraron valores elevados de Proteína C Reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus). Valores más elevados del IMC se asociaron con un estadio más avanzado de la ECh. Los sujetos con presencia de ADN de Tripanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) circulante en sangre, presentaron mayor % GC, y en su mayoría, fueron diagnosticados con SM. En conclusión, los pacientes evaluados mostraron un exceso de adiposidad, que puede favorecer el estado inflamatorio, el desarrollo de SM y la progresión de la ECh.

Introducción: Las células caliciformes secretan mucinas, citocinas y antígenos específicos para la respuesta immunitaria de la superficie ocular. Las alteraciones en la densidad de células caliciformes y de su secreción provocan inestabilidad de la película lagrimal y, por ello, ojo seco. Objetivo: Se estudiaron las conexiones entre las publicaciones, las citaciones y las revistas sobre célula caliciforme y ojo seco, con el objetivo de analizar el tamaño de sus grupos y núcleo, y cuantificar el volumen de literatura existente para dirigir futuras investigaciones sobre el tema. Método: La búsqueda de “goblet cell and dry eye” se realizó en Web of Science y luego se analizó con CitNetExplorer® para obtener las publicaciones más citadas e identificar los grupos y núcleo de publicaciones. Resultados: 555 publicaciones y 3066 citaciones fueron generadas por WoS. Los años 2016 y 2017 son los que tienen mayor número de publicaciones. La más citada fue The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the definition and classification subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Worshop, de Lemp et al., publicada en 2007. Empleando la función Cluster resultaron tres grupos con diferentes áreas de investigación en este campo: ojo seco, mucinas y tratamientos. Conclusiones: El estudio de la célula caliciforme y del ojo seco es relevante para los investigadores, mostrándose además conexiones entre ellos. Aumentar el conocimiento de la célula caliciforme producirá mejoras en los tratamientos del ojo seco.

Gender dysphoria affects 0.5% of people worldwide. Transgender men display a divergence between the female genetic sex and the gender male identity. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case report with regard to a transgender man with a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy obtained by artificial insemination using donor sperm as a monoparental family, presenting early fetal growth restriction of both twins. The patient is a 35-year-old transgender man who had previously received gender-affirming hormone therapy based on testosterone for five years and had a prior bilateral mastectomy as gender-affirming surgery. Whether assisted reproductive techniques have any influence on obstetrical outcomes among these patients and whether prior long-term intake of gender-affirming hormone therapy has an impact on pregnancy and obstetrical outcomes remain to be elucidated.

Introduction: Interest in the idea of recovery for certain patients with schizophrenia has been growing over the last decade. Improving symptomatology and functioning is crucial for achieving this. Our study aims to identify those factors that substantially contribute to real-world functioning in these patients.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in stable outpatients with schizophrenia on maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy. Patients: We studied 144 outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria) meeting the following criteria: (1) 18–65 years of age; (2) being clinically stable for at least the previous three months; (3) on maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy (prescriptions ≤ 10 mg olanzapine, ≤200 mg quetiapine, or ≤100 mg levomepromazine as hypnotics were also allowed); and (4) written informed consent. Assessment: We collected information on demographic and clinical variables by using an ad hoc questionnaire. For psychopathology, we employed the Spanish versions of the following psychometric instruments: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS-Sp), and the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS). In addition, cognitive domains were assessed using the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Trail Making Test, parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Finally, we employed the Spanish versions of the University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment (Sp-UPSA) and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) for assessing functional capacity and real-world functioning, respectively. Statistical analysis: A forward stepwise regression was conducted by entering those variables significantly associated with PSP total score into the univariate analyses (Student's t-test, ANOVA with Duncan's post-hoc test, or bivariate Pearson correlation).Results: A total of 144 patients; mean age 40 years, 64% males, mean length of illness 12.4 years, PSP total score 54.3. The final model was a significant predictor of real-world functioning [F(7, 131) = 36.371, p < 0.001] and explained 66.0% of the variance. Variables retained in the model: BNSS-Sp abulia, asociality, and blunted affect, PANSS general psychopathology, Sp-UPSA transportation, TMT-B, and heart rate.Conclusion: Our model will contribute to a more efficient and personalized daily clinical practice by assigning specific interventions to each patient based on specific impaired factors in order to improve functioning.

El artículo muestra, a partir del análisis de libros de texto de educación musical para la enseñanza primaria, los valores, estereotipos, esquemas mentales y significados que se transmiten en el curriculum no siempre de un modo consciente o regulado. El objetivo es analizar qué modelos culturales se transmiten, cuáles son los espacios de silencio, qué ausencias y por el contrario qué presencias son reforzadas y transmitidas con el uso de estos materiales curriculares. El artículo consta, en primer lugar de una introducción al estado de este campo de investigación mostrando la relevancia y oportunidad de esta problematización del currículum. Se trata de una investigación de carácter cualitativo que usa el análisis del contenido y del discurso como herramientas metodológicas. Posteriormente se exponen los resultados de la categoría Representaciones Culturales organizados en las subcategorías siguientes: género, mirada eurocéntrica, culturas y tradiciones populares y relación con el entorno. El análisis de los libros de texto nos alerta sobre el dominio de la hegemonía cultural androcéntrica y la reproducción de miradas eurocéntricas que no han superado el colonialismo y el patriarcado, tratando las culturas minorizadas y populares propias del entorno de los niños y las niñas desde el exotismo y el distanciamiento. Se concluye señalando la relevancia de este tipo de investigaciones para comprender los efectos culturales implícitos en la presentación del currículum en los materiales de uso en las aulas. /// The research paper shows, from the analysis of the musical education textbooks for primary education, the values, stereotypes, mental schemes and meanings that are transmitted in the curriculum not always in a conscious or regulated way. The objective is to analyse what cultural models are transmitted, what are the spaces of silence, what absences and on the contrary what presences are reinforced and transmitted with the use of these curricular materials. The article consists, first of all, of an introduction to the state of this field of research showing the relevance and opportunity of this problematization of the curriculum. It is a qualitative research that uses content and discourse analysis as methodological tools. Secondly, the results of the category Cultural Representations are presented. This category is organized in the following subcategories: gender, Eurocentric gaze, popular cultures and traditions and relationship with the environment. The analysis of textbooks alerts us to the dominance of androcentric cultural hegemony and the reproduction of Eurocentric views that have not overcome colonialism and patriarchy, making a distant an exotic treatment of minority cultures and popular cultures closers to children's environment. This paper concludes with the relevance of this type of research to understand the cultural effects implicit in the presentation of the curriculum in the materials used in the classroom.

Abstract We report a de novo aleukemic form of MCL with a complex monosomic karyotype with LOH for multiple chromosomes and TP53 mutation. Additionally, whereas D816V KIT was not found, the c‐Kit transmembrane domain p.M541L variant was detected which is the most common SNP of KIT gene in humans with controversial pathogenic role. In these cases, it is crucial to perform a rapid broad molecular study for an accurate diagnosis which could help to initiate targeted therapy.

In 2020 the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic putting entire governments and civil societies in crisis mode. Around the globe unprecedented shortages of equipment and qualified personnel were reported in hospitals and diagnostic laboratories. When a crisis is global, supply chains are strained worldwide and external help may not be readily available. In Switzerland, as part of the efforts of the Swiss National COVID-19 Science Task Force, we developed a tailor-made web-based tool where needs and offers for critical laboratory equipment and expertise can be brought together, coordinated, prioritized, and validated. This Academic Resources for COVID-19 (ARC) Platform presents the specialized needs of diagnostic laboratories to academic research groups at universities, allowing the sourcing of said needs from unconventional supply channels, while keeping the entities tasked with coordination of the crisis response in control of each part of the process. An instance of the ARC Platform is operated in Switzerland (arc.epfl.ch) catering to the diagnostic efforts in Switzerland and sourcing from the Swiss academic sector. The underlying technology has been released as open source so that others can adopt the customizable web-platform for need/supply match-making in their own relief efforts, during the COVID-19 pandemic or any future disaster.

Background: Depressed patients with early traumatic experiences may represent a clinically and biologically distinct subtype, with worse clinical outcomes and greater risk of suicide. Since early traumatic experiences alter development of systems that regulate the stress response, increasing sensitivity to stress and mood disorders later in life, certain personality features may influence coping strategies, putting individuals with depression and a history of early traumatic experiences at greater risk of suicidal behavior.Objective: To determine whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between early traumatic experiences and suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods: The total sample consists of 190 patients [mean age (SD) = 53.71 (10.37); females: 66.3%], with current MDD (DSM-5 criteria). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood and adulthood adverse life events and impulsivity, respectively. We developed mediation models by bootstrap sampling methods.Results: Eighty-one (42.6%) patients had a history of previous suicide attempts (SA). CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total scores were significantly higher in MDD patients with previous SA. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between the CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total, CTQ-SF-Total and HDRS-Total, and BIS-11-Total and HDRS-Total scores. Regression models found that CTQ-SF-Total, BIS-11-Total, and HDRS-Total scores were associated with SA. Mediation analyses further revealed the association between CTQ-SF-Total and SA was mediated by the indirect effect of the BIS-11-Total score (b = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.015), after statistically controlling for sex, the HDRS-Total, and the LTE-Total.Discussion: Data suggest that impulsivity could mediate the influence of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior. This will help understand the role of risk factors in suicidal behavior and aid in the development of prevention interventions focused on modifiable mediators when risk factors are non-modifiable.

The bacterial SAR324 cluster is ubiquitous and abundant in the ocean, especially around hydrothermal vents and in the deep sea, where it can account for up to 30% of the whole bacterial community. According to a new taxonomy generated using multiple universal protein-coding genes (instead of the previously used 16S rRNA single gene marker), the former Deltaproteobacteria cluster SAR324 has been classified since 2018 as its own phylum. Yet, very little is known about its phylogeny and metabolic potential. We downloaded all publicly available SAR324 genomes (65) from all natural environments and reconstructed 18 new genomes using publicly available oceanic metagenomic data and unpublished data from the waters underneath the Ross Ice Shelf. We calculated a global SAR324 phylogenetic tree and identified six clusters (namely 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D) within this clade. Genome annotation and metatranscriptome read mapping showed that SAR324 clades possess a flexible array of genes suited for survival in various environments. Clades 2A and 2C are mostly present in the surface mesopelagic layers of global oceans, while clade 2D dominates in deeper regions. Our results show that SAR324 has a very versatile and broad metabolic potential, including many heterotrophic, but also autotrophic pathways. While one surface water associated clade (2A) seems to use proteorhodopsin to gain energy from solar radiation, some deep-sea genomes from clade 2D contain the complete Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle gene repertoire to fix carbon. This, in addition to a variety of other genes and pathways for both oxic (e.g., dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation) and anoxic (e.g., dissimilatory sulfate reduction, anaerobic benzoate degradation) conditions, can help explain the ubiquitous presence of SAR324 in aquatic habitats.

Purpose: To help the ophthalmologist in the study and update of the exciting area of ocular inflammation and uveitis. Concerning the most recent clinical entities, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options, we propose a review of the main international journals: Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Retina, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation and Journal of Ophthalmic Infection and Inflammation. Methods: A descriptive bibliographic review of the papers published in 2017 in the previously mentioned journals. Results: Sorted in the following categories: pediatric uveítis, scleritis, infectious uveítis, non-infectious uveítis, diagnostic and treatment, the main outcomes are analyzed. Conclusion: Last year 2017 offers numerous papers of the highest interest and relevance in the field of ocular inflammation and uveítis. Resumen Objetivo: Facilitar el estudio de las aportaciones más relevantes en el campo de la inflamación ocular y uveítis. Se propone una revisión de las principales revistas internacionales, incluyendo: Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Retina, Ocular Inmunology and Inflammation y Journal of Ophthalmic Infection and Inflammation. Método: Revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de los artículos publicados durante el año 2017 en las revistas anteriormente citadas. Resultados: De forma narrativa, se analizan las categorías de uveítis pediátricas, escleritis, uveítis infecciosas, uveítis no infecciosas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: El campo de la inflamación ocular y la uveítis evoluciona a gran velocidad, y durante el año 2017 hemos sido testigos de un gran número de publicaciones de alto impacto a nivel clínico, diagnóstico y terapéutico.

Some fungal endophytes of forest trees are recognized as beneficial symbionts against stresses. In previous works, two elm endophytes from the classes Cystobasidiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes promoted host resistance to abiotic stress, and another elm endophyte from Dothideomycetes enhanced host resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). Here, we hypothesize that the combined effect of these endophytes activate the plant immune and/or antioxidant system, leading to a defense priming and/or increased oxidative protection when exposed to the DED pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. To test this hypothesis, the short-term defense gene activation and antioxidant response were evaluated in DED-susceptible (MDV1) and DED-resistant (VAD2 and MDV2.3) Ulmus minor genotypes inoculated with O. novo-ulmi, as well as two weeks earlier with a mixture of the above-mentioned endophytes. Endophyte inoculation induced a generalized transient defense activation mediated primarily by salicylic acid (SA). Subsequent pathogen inoculation resulted in a primed defense response of variable intensity among genotypes. Genotypes MDV1 and VAD2 displayed a defense priming driven by SA, jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), causing a reduced pathogen spread in MDV1. Meanwhile, the genotype MDV2.3 showed lower defense priming but a stronger and earlier antioxidant response. The defense priming stimulated by elm fungal endophytes broadens our current knowledge of the ecological functions of endophytic fungi in forest trees and opens new prospects for their use in the biocontrol of plant diseases.

In this work, non-targeted approaches relying on HPLC-UV chromatographic fingerprints were evaluated to address coffee characterization, classification, and authentication by chemometrics. In general, high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) fingerprints were good chemical descriptors for the classification of coffee samples by partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) according to their country of origin, even for nearby countries such as Vietnam and Cambodia. Good classification was also observed according to the coffee variety (Arabica vs. Robusta) and the coffee roasting degree. Sample classification rates higher than 89.3% and 91.7% were obtained in all the evaluated cases for the PLS-DA calibrations and predictions, respectively. Besides, the coffee adulteration studies carried out by partial least squares regression (PLSR), and based on coffees adulterated with other production regions or variety, demonstrated the good capability of the proposed methodology for the detection and quantitation of the adulterant levels down to 15%. Calibration, cross-validation, and prediction errors below 2.9%, 6.5%, and 8.9%, respectively, were obtained for most of the evaluated cases.

Plotting Poetry: On mechanically enhanced reading, 5–7 October 2017, Basel, Switzerland

Fundamento: el cáncer se presenta como un importante problema de salud, dada la alta morbilidad y mortalidad que produce. Representa un gran reto social, toda vez que su incidencia aumenta con el desarrollo económico e industrial de los países. Objetivos: caracterizar la mortalidad por cáncer en el municipio de Cruces en el decenio 2002-2011 y determinar las tasas de mortalidad por año. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se estudiaron 530 fallecidos por cáncer en el período de tiempo señalado. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Registro Primario de Defunciones del Departamento de Estadísticas del municipio. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, sitio de la defunción, causa básica de muerte y tiempo de supervivencia de la enfermedad. Resultados: predominaron los fallecidos en el año 2006 por cáncer de pulmón, del sexo masculino y del grupo de edad de 73 a 90 años. Prevaleció como lugar de fallecimiento el domicilio. El tiempo de evolución entre el diagnóstico y el momento de la muerte de la mayoría de los fallecidos fue de varios años. Conclusiones: el cáncer constituye un importante problema de salud para la población del municipio de Cruces con niveles de mortalidad crecientes predominantemente relacionados con el envejecimiento poblacional.

Hematocrit control below 45% is associated with a lower rate of thrombosis in polycythemia vera. In patients receiving hydroxyurea, this target can be achieved with hydroxyurea alone or with the combination of hydroxyurea plus phlebotomies. However, the clinical implications of phlebotomy requirement under hydroxyurea therapy are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for additional phlebotomies during the first five years of hydroxyurea therapy in 533 patients with polycythemia vera. Patients requiring 3 or more phlebotomies per year (n=85, 16%) showed a worse hematocrit control than those requiring 2 or less phlebotomies per year (n=448, 84%). There were no significant differences between the two study groups regarding leukocyte and platelet counts. Patients requiring 3 or more phlebotomies per year received significantly higher doses of hydroxyurea than the remaining patients. A significant higher rate of thrombosis was found in patients treated with hydroxyurea plus 3 or more phlebotomies per year compared to hydroxyurea with 0–2 phlebotomies per year (20.5% vs. 5.3% at 3 years; P

A descriptive and longitudinal cases and controls investigation, of 75 patients with cancer in different locations, admitted to "Conrado Benítez García" Teaching Provincial Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in one year, was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the CM-95 solution magnetically treated in the prevention and treatment of radiodermitis, applied before and after the radiotherapy by means of topical and oral dose of 15 mL in the 24 members of the study group, as long as, in the control group (27 patients) the same solution was applied without magnetizing; the rest conformed a group (also control group) that didn't receive any of the solutions. In many of the cases the radiodermitis didn't appear and it was not necessary to interrupt the radiotherapy or its suspension time diminished in 7 days, while in the controls the clinical entity was more presented and the clinical course time to renew the radiations was of 15 and 23 days. Most of the patients of the study group improved the adverse effects of radiotherapy, as gastritis, rectitis, diarrheas, lack of appetite, acute distress, and they maintained the hematological parameters in the normal limits.

Una nueva tendencia ha aparecido en el campo de la producción de cartografía: la Información Geográfica Voluntaria o IGV. Actualmente, cualquier individuo puede producir, compartir y utilizar información geográfica a través de herramientas web, tal como hace OpenStreetMap. La calidad de estos datos es una preocupación para el entorno profesional y analizar su exactitud adquiere gran importancia. El éxito técnico del enfoque de IGV se apoya en considerar que el mismo dato recogido por muchas personas produce un mejor resultado que el de cada contribuyente indivi- dual. Investigaciones previas buscan determinar la exactitud de las entidades, linea- les y puntuales en su mayoría, recolectadas mediante IGV comparando con datos de fuentes oficiales. Sin embargo, dado que en muchos casos no hay posibilidad de acceder a fuentes fiables, ¿cómo realizar valoraciones cuantitativas de la calidad de las contribuciones voluntarias?, ¿cómo establecer una evaluación de calidad ade- cuada para poder emplear dicha información geográfica? En este artículo del estado del arte se realiza una revisión del tema IGV y se presentan posibles respuestas mediante la exposición de los aspectos más relevantes de este tipo de contribuciones. Además, se muestran metodologías y soluciones empleadas en diversos estu- dios para establecer un procedimiento de evaluación de calidad, tema que adquiere especial importancia para que los profesionales puedan distinguir cuándo y cómo poder emplear la IGV y, así, aprovechar la recogida gratuita del dato sin olvidar la exactitud de la información.

ResumenUno de los principales problemas asociado a nuestro modelo de desarrollo y a nuestras pautas de consumo es la generación de grandes cantidades de residuos. Éstos se están convirtiendo en un grave problema por ser uno de los factores principales que condiciona y determina la calidad ambiental de nuestras ciudades y su entorno. Además, el consumo de suelo que genera su eliminación es un hecho constante cuyo mantenimiento resulta complicado en territorios densamente poblados como la Comunidad de Madrid. La ausencia de una preocupación real y activa por parte de los instrumentos urbanísticos es el hecho que fomenta el desarrollo de esta investigación. El almacenamiento en vertedero como método de gestión de los residuos domésticos y similares debe ser cuestionado y estudiado. En este texto se muestran los problemas económicos, ambientales y de gestión que puede provocar una red de infraestructuras de residuos domésticos poco eficiente. La heterogeneidad entre las distintas áreas de gestión y sus vertederos es la clave de la presente investigación. Palabras claveVertederos, residuos domésticos, gestión y localización, carga de un vertedero, movimientos de residuos, Plan General de Ordenación Urbana.AbstractOne of the major problems associated with our development and consumption model is to generate lots of waste. These ones are becoming a serious problem as one of the main factors that influences and determines the environmental quality of our cities and their surroundings. In addition, thisdispose of waste generates a big consumption of land which its keeping up is very difficult in densely populated areas as the Madrid Autonomous Region. The absence of a real and active concern by planning instruments is the fact that encourages the development of this research. The domestic waste storage in dumps must be questioned and studied. This text tries to show the economic, environmental and management problems that can be started by an inefficient infrastructure network of domestic waste. The heterogeneity between different areas and dumps management is the key to this investigation.KeywordsDumps, domestic waste, management and location, dump loading, waste moving, General Urban Development Plan.

El propósito de este artículo es doble: explicar, con base en la revisión de la literatura especializada, el concepto de talento y el rol del departamento de recursos humanos en la gestión de talento; y analizar, mediante el método Delphi, y para las empresas españolas, la percepción de los expertos consultados sobre la definición de talento, así como también, el rol del departamento de recursos humanos y el efecto de la actual crisis en la gestión del talento. Los resultados evidencian que: talento es entendido como una mezcla de competencias y compromiso que las personas demuestran mediante un desempeño excepcional, coincidiendo con la conceptuación más aceptada recientemente; el departamento de recursos humanos sigue sin estar vinculado al diseño e implementación de la estrategia de la empresa y, que en tiempos de crisis toda acción emprendida por dicho departamento queda supeditada a los costes, en línea con lo apuntado por la literatura

El 5-fluorouracilo es un antineoplásico usado en la terapia del cáncer y posee acción inmunosupresora al inhibir la proliferación de células del tejido hematopoyético. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto inmunomodulador de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente en ratones Balb/c inoculados con 5-fluorouracilo a través de su acción protectora rehabilitadora sobre parámetros celulares y tisulares del tejido hematopoyético. A los ratones, entre 20-22 g de peso y 6 semanas de nacidos, se les administró esta solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente por vía intraperitoneal en un esquema de dos inoculaciones; luego se administró por la misma vía el 5_fluorouracilo a una dosis de 150 mg/m2 de superficie corporal de cada ratón. Se evaluó el conteo total y diferencial de leucocitos antes de inocular el 5-fluorouracilo, y a los tres y siete días de aplicado este. La celularidad de médula ósea y bazo y la observación microscópica del corte histológico de hígado y bazo por la técnica de inclusión en parafina y tinción con eosina hematoxilina al 10% se evaluaron a los siete días de haber aplicado el 5- fluorouracilo. La solución CM-95, tratada magnéticamente, logró modular los efectos del 5-fluorouracilo con una actividad protectora rehabiltadora, para los parámetros evaluados en médula ósea, sangre periférica, bazo e hígado. Estos resultados abren nuevas perspectivas para la aplicación del sistema acuoso tratado magnéticamente como inmunomodulador.

The descentralization of Spain which began in the constituant process meant a new territorial model of State, in-between a federal State and a centralized one. The passage of Statutes became a legal instrument for the foundation of the Autonomous Communities and in no time the first autonomic map was done. After 2006, with the passage of new Statutes of Autonomy, the problems around the allocation of powers came up as serious, since the Autonomous Communities have assumed the power to develop the so-called social rights and that meant a projection of the constitutionally advocated Social State. This present study analyzes the problems regarding the general inclusion of theses rights within Statutes, because it might be debatable. It is true that some rights could get included into the Statutes textes even if as expression of the commitmment by the Autonomic bodies with the protection of rights with social nature. Nevertheless, the proliferation of the mentioned bills of rights within the Statutes has modulated a cast of rights with different nature which should allegedly be developed by means of the corresponding autonomic acts.

En este trabajo se evaluó la aplicación de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente como adyuvante inmunológico, en comparación con el adyuvante de Freund, para la obtención del suero de Coombs en conejos, de gran demanda en bancos de sangre y hospitales, para el diagnóstico clínico de conflictos Rh y la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido, entre otras. Conejos Nueva Zelanda Blancos se inocularon por la vía subcutánea con suero humano obtenido de 30 donantes O+, unido con la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente como adyuvante inmunológico. Se empleó un esquema de inmunización de 40 días, donde se evaluó la dinámica en el título de anticuerpos anti IgG humano por la técnica de hemoaglutinación en tubos. Al antisuero se le determinó la calidad inmunológica por el título de heteroaglutininas de los grupos sanguíneos A, B y O, de anticuerpos anticomplemento C3b, C3d y C4b y anti IgG, antes y después de su purificación. El suero de Coombs con la solución adyuvante CM-95 tratada magnéticamente mostró valores similares a los obtenidos con el adyuvante de Freund. En el mismo se cumplió con los requisitos establecidos por el Centro Estatal para el Control de la Calidad de los Medicamentos, según las normativas de la FDA para este diagnosticador. Estos resultados abren nuevas perspectivas para el uso de la solución adyuvante en la obtención del suero de Coombs.

En la Edad Moderna el matrimonio fue un mecanismo de promoción familiar empleado por las casas nobiliarias. Se trataba de una estrategia dirigida a afianzar o mejorar los deudos del linaje. No obstante, a pesar de la importancia del casamiento del varón primogénito, el destino de los hijos e hijas menores fue objeto de la misma preocupación por parte de los núcleos familiares. Prueba de ello son los casamientos de cuatro mujeres ligadas a la casa de Arcos, que aunque no estaban llamadas a suceder en su casa, contribuyeron decisivamente al progreso de su estirpe. En definitiva, mujeres al servicio de su linaje que cumplieron ampliamente las expectativas de sus familias. In the Modern Era, marriage was a promotion mechanism used by noble families. It was a strategy aimed at reinforcing or improving the relatives of the lineage. However, despite the importance of the eldest male’s marriage, the fate of younger children was the subject of the same concern on the part of the households. This is demonstrated by the marriages of four women linked to the house of Arcos, who despite not being in line to succeed, made a decisive contribution to the progress of their ancestry. In short, they were women at the service of their lineage who fully met the expectations of their families.

La búsqueda de nuevas sustancias con actividad adyuvante/inmunopotenciadora constituye una de las tendencias más importantes en la investigación inmunológica actual. El presente trabajo considera los criterios fundamentales que determinan la selección de un adyuvante con fines investigativos, en el campo de la salud veterinaria y en la formulación de vacunas humanas, con el objetivo de incrementar la efectividad de la respuesta inmune. Se analizan brevemente las principales dificultades identificadas en la literatura, relacionadas con la comparación de la efectividad de diferentes adyuvantes, y se destacan las amplias posibilidades que ofrecen los productos naturales, especialmente polisacáridos de diversas fuentes, en la tamización de sustancias con propiedades inmunoestimulantes.The search for new substances with inmunological adjuvant activity constitutes one of the most important trends in today's inmunological research work. The present paper analyzes the fundamental criteria that determine the selection of an adjuvant for research purposes in the veterinary health field and in human vaccine formulation, with a view to increasing effectiveness of inmune response. The main difficulties mentioned in literature and related to the comparison of the effectiveness of various adjuvants are briefly analyzed, and also the wide possibilities of natural products especially polysaccharides of various sources in the selection of substances with inmunostimulating qualities.

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y longitudinal, de casos y controles, de 75 pacientes con cáncer en diferentes localizaciones, ingresados en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial "Conrado Benítez García" de Santiago de Cuba, en un año, para evaluar la eficacia de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente en la prevención y el tratamiento de la radiodermitis, aplicada antes y después de la radioterapia por vía tópica y oral en dosis de 15 mL en los 24 integrantes del grupo de estudio, en tanto, en el grupo de control (27 pacientes) se aplicó la misma solución sin magnetizar; el resto conformó un grupo (también de control) que no recibió ninguna de las disoluciones. En muchos de los casos no apareció la radiodermitis y no fue necesario interrumpir la radioterapia o disminuyó el tiempo de suspensión de esta a 7 días, mientras que en los controles se presentó más la entidad clínica y el tiempo de evolución para reanudar las radiaciones fue de 15 y 23 días. La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de estudio mejoraron los efectos secundarios de la radioterapia, como gastritis, rectitis, diarreas, inapetencia, afectación del estado general, y mantuvieron los parámetros hematológicos en los límites normales