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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2006.08.002 Byline: David C. Giles (a), Stephen Pietrzykowski (b), Kathryn E. Clark (b) Keywords: Music; Consumer; Identity; Grounded theory; Technology Abstract: This study explored the personal psychological meanings ascribed to collections of recorded music in a small sample of 20 British consumers. In-depth interviews were conducted with the collectors and the data analysed according to the conventions of grounded theory. Three aspects of record collecting were identified as psychologically important: two aspects - records' status as sacred objects, and record collections as a facet of the self - were felt to be typical of traditional recorded music formats, particularly vinyl. The third, music as sensual (sensory and emotional) experience, appears to be related to contemporary trends in downloading digital music for storage on an iPod or similar player. It is suggested that this third aspect may increase in importance in the future, although aspects 1 and 2 remain salient, even for younger consumers. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK (b) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK Article History: Received 19 October 2005; Revised 12 July 2006; Accepted 4 August 2006

The present study applies a chemical activity-based approach to: 1) evaluate environmental concentrations of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP; n = 23 651) and its metabolite mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; n = 1232) in 16 environmental media from 1174 studies in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia, and in vivo toxicity data from 934 studies in 20 species, as well as in vitro biological activity data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxicity Forecaster and other sources; and 2) conduct a comprehensive environmental risk analysis. The results show that the mean chemical activities of DEHP and MEHP in abiotic environmental samples from locations around the globe are 0.001 and 10−8, respectively. This indicates that DEHP has reached on average 0.1% of saturation in the abiotic environment. The mean chemical activity of DEHP in biological samples is on average 100-fold lower than that in abiotic samples, likely because of biotransformation of DEHP in biota. Biological responses in both in vivo and in vitro tests occur at chemical activities between 0.01 to 1 for DEHP and between approximately 10−6 and 10−2 for MEHP, suggesting a greater potency of MEHP compared with DEHP. Chemical activities of both DEHP and MEHP in biota samples were less than those causing biological responses in the in vitro bioassays, without exception. A small fraction of chemical activities of DEHP in abiotic environmental samples (i.e., 4-8%) and none (0%) for MEHP were within the range of chemical activities associated with observed toxicological responses in the in vivo tests. The present study illustrates the chemical activity approach for conducting risk analyses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1483-1492. © 2016 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of hillslope processes to changes in precipitation may drive the observed changes in the solute geochemistry of rivers with discharge. This conjecture is most robust when variations in the key environmental factors that affect hillslope processes (e.g., lithology, erosion rate, and climate) are minimal across a river's catchment area. For rivers with heterogenous catchments, temporal variations in the relative contributions of different tributary subcatchments may modulate variations in solute geochemistry with runoff. In the absence of a dense network of hydrologic gauging stations, alternative approaches are required to distinguish between the different drivers of temporal variability in river solute concentrations. In this contribution, we apportion the water and solute fluxes of a reach of the Madre de Dios River (Peru) between its four major tributary subcatchments during two sampling campaigns (wet and dry seasons) using spatial variations in conservative tracers. Guided by the results of a mixing model, we identify temporal variations in solute concentrations of the main stem Madre de Dios that are due to changes in the relative contributions of each tributary. Our results suggest that variations in tributary mixing are, in part, responsible for the observed concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships. The implications of these results are further explored by reanalyzing previously published C-Q data from this region, developing a theoretical model of tributary mixing, and, in a companion paper, comparing the C-Q behavior of a suite of major and trace elements in the Madre de Dios River system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A calendar of symposiums and meetings related to biosciences across the U.S. is presented which includes the Conference on Great Lakes Research to be held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from May 18-20, 1968, ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium to be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from May 21-23, 1968, and Symposium on Molecular Biology to be held in New York City on June 7-8, 1968.

BACKGROUND: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is often administered to mechanically ventilated neonates to treat pulmonary hypertension and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. The side-stream sample rate may cause a reduction in delivered minute ventilation. However, there are limited data demonstrating the specific effect of sample rate on minute ventilation. Therefore, we sought to demonstrate the effect of the sample rate during iNO administration in an in vitro simulation. METHODS: Following manufacturer recommended calibration, the SERVO-i ® ventilator (Maquet, Wayne, NJ), and INOmax DSIR® (Mallinckrodt, Dublin, Ireland) were connected to a high-fidelity lung simulator ASL 5000 (Ingmar Medical, Pittsburgh, PA). Three different subject sizes were simulated that corresponded roughly with 1.5, 2.5 and 5 kg subjects; compliance and resistance were set to 0.8, 1.3, 2.5 mL/cm H2O and 80, 70, 60 cm H.O/L/sec respectively. Pressure Regulated Volume Controlled (PRVC) mode was used, with a fixed rate of 33 breaths/min, set tidal volumes of 9, 15, 30 mL and PEEP of 5 cm H,0. For each iteration, volumes were recorded with the sample line off vs. on and inspiratory fractions of 0.3 and 0.4. In total, 12 different experiments were conducted. Peak inspiratory pressure, inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes and expiratory minute volume were recorded. Paired t-tests were used to compare groups and an alpha of 0.05 was used for significance. The reduction was modeled using nonlinear regression power series. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in expiratory tidal volume when the sample line is off vs. on (P<0.001); minute ventilation was reduced by 19-56%. We also observed differences in expiratory tidal volume when the inspiratory fraction was 0.3 vs. 0.4 in the 1.5 and 2.5 kg subject sizes (PcO.001), but not in the 5 kg simulation (P=l). This effect was most pronounced as minute ventilation was decreased and inspiratory fraction was increased. The greatest loss was observed when the inspiratory fraction was 0.4 in the 1.5 subject group (56%). The model yielded and R² of 0.9928, (0.3) and 0.9963, (0.4). Details shown in Figure 1. CONCLUSION: We found a difference in minute ventilation in all subject sizes; a smaller inspiratory time in smaller subject sizes yielded a reduction in lost minute ventilation. Prospectively, increasing ventilator settings may be warranted in unison with starting nitric oxide to prevent changes in ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-en-3beta-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 microM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 microM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.