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497 results on '"Clark, Melody S."'

1. Editorial : A new chapter for Cell Stress and Chaperones

Author

Bourboulia, Dimitra, Blair, Laura J., Clark, Melody S., Edkins, Adrienne L., Hightower, Lawrence E., Mollapour, Mehdi, Prahlad, Veena, Repasky, Elizabeth A., Truebano, Manuela, Truman, Andrew W., Truttmann, Matthias C., van Oosten-Hawle, Patricija, and Woodford, Mark R.

Published
2024

9. Testing the Resilience, Physiological Plasticity and Mechanisms Underlying Upper Temperature Limits of Antarctic Marine Ectotherms.

Author

Morley, Simon A., Bates, Amanda E., Clark, Melody S., Fitzcharles, Elaine, Smith, Rebecca, Stainthorp, Rose E., and Peck, Lloyd S.

Subjects
PHYSIOLOGY, HIGH temperatures, BIOLOGICAL systems, COLD-blooded animals, ECOLOGICAL carrying capacity
Abstract

Simple Summary: Antarctic marine invertebrates live in the constant of the Southern Ocean and are characterised by sensitivity to small increases in temperature. We conducted a series of aquarium experiments that tested this ability and found species-specific responses to warming. We found that some species were able to survive for many months at up to 10 °C, a temperature which is up to 4 °C warmer than previously recorded. We found that the survivors of three species had adjusted their biological systems (acclimated) and were better able to survive additional rapid warming, but one anemone species did not elevate its upper temperature limit, even though it survived for 270 days at 6 °C. There were also species-specific effects of increasing oxygen concentration on long-term survival to elevated temperatures, with extended, no change, or reduced survival duration all found in different species. Thermal sensitivity is clearly the product of multiple ecological and physiological capacities, and this diversity of response needs further investigation and interpretation to improve our ability to predict future patterns of biodiversity. Antarctic marine ectotherms live in the constant cold and are characterised by limited resilience to elevated temperature. Here we tested three of the central paradigms underlying this resilience. Firstly, we assessed the ability of eight species, from seven classes representing a range of functional groups, to survive, for 100 to 303 days, at temperatures 0 to 4 °C above previously calculated long-term temperature limits. Survivors were then tested for acclimation responses to acute warming and acclimatisation, in the field, was tested in the seastar Odontaster validus collected in different years, seasons and locations within Antarctica. Finally, we tested the importance of oxygen limitation in controlling upper thermal limits. We found that four of 11 species studied were able to survive for more than 245 days (245–303 days) at higher than previously recorded temperatures, between 6 and 10 °C. Only survivors of the anemone Urticinopsis antarctica did not acclimate CTmax and there was no evidence of acclimatisation in O. validus. We found species-specific effects of mild hyperoxia (30% oxygen) on survival duration, which was extended (two species), not changed (four species) or reduced (one species), re-enforcing that oxygen limitation is not universal in dictating thermal survival thresholds. Thermal sensitivity is clearly the product of multiple ecological and physiological capacities, and this diversity of response needs further investigation and interpretation to improve our ability to predict future patterns of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network

Author

Davies, Neil, Field, Dawn, Amaral-Zettler, Linda, Clark, Melody S, Deck, John, Drummond, Alexei, Faith, Daniel P, Geller, Jonathan, Gilbert, Jack, Glöckner, Frank Oliver, Hirsch, Penny R, Leong, Jo-Ann, Meyer, Chris, Obst, Matthias, Planes, Serge, Scholin, Chris, Vogler, Alfried P, Gates, Ruth D, Toonen, Rob, Berteaux-Lecellier, Véronique, Barbier, Michèle, Barker, Katherine, Bertilsson, Stefan, Bicak, Mesude, Bietz, Matthew J, Bobe, Jason, Bodrossy, Levente, Borja, Angel, Coddington, Jonathan, Fuhrman, Jed, Gerdts, Gunnar, Gillespie, Rosemary, Goodwin, Kelly, Hanson, Paul C, Hero, Jean-Marc, Hoekman, David, Jansson, Janet, Jeanthon, Christian, Kao, Rebecca, Klindworth, Anna, Knight, Rob, Kottmann, Renzo, Koo, Michelle S, Kotoulas, Georgios, Lowe, Andrew J, Marteinsson, Viggó Thór, Meyer, Folker, Morrison, Norman, Myrold, David D, Pafilis, Evangelos, Parker, Stephanie, Parnell, John Jacob, Polymenakou, Paraskevi N, Ratnasingham, Sujeevan, Roderick, George K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara, Schonrogge, Karsten, Simon, Nathalie, Valette-Silver, Nathalie J, Springer, Yuri P, Stone, Graham N, Stones-Havas, Steve, Sansone, Susanna-Assunta, Thibault, Kate M, Wecker, Patricia, Wichels, Antje, Wooley, John C, Yahara, Tetsukazu, Zingone, Adriana, and GOs-COS

Subjects
Biodiversity, Genomics, Biocode, Earth observations, GOs-COS
Abstract

The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the Genomic Observatories Network (GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its Founding Charter. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.

Published
2014

14. Genomics of cold adaptations in the Antarctic notothenioid fish radiation

Author

Bista, Iliana, primary, Wood, Jonathan M. D., additional, Desvignes, Thomas, additional, McCarthy, Shane A., additional, Matschiner, Michael, additional, Ning, Zemin, additional, Tracey, Alan, additional, Torrance, James, additional, Sims, Ying, additional, Chow, William, additional, Smith, Michelle, additional, Oliver, Karen, additional, Haggerty, Leanne, additional, Salzburger, Walter, additional, Postlethwait, John H., additional, Howe, Kerstin, additional, Clark, Melody S., additional, William Detrich, H., additional, Christina Cheng, C.-H., additional, Miska, Eric A., additional, and Durbin, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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17. Whole-Genome Shotgun Assembly and Analysis of the Genome of Fugu rubripes

Author

Aparicio, Samuel, Chapman, Jarrod, Stupka, Elia, Putnam, Nik, Chia, Jer-ming, Dehal, Paramvir, Christoffels, Alan, Rash, Sam, Hoon, Shawn, Smit, Arian, Roach, Jared, Oh, Tania, Ho, Isaac Y., Wong, Marie, Detter, Chris, Verhoef, Frans, Predki, Paul, Tay, Alice, Lucas, Susan, Richardson, Paul, Smith, Sarah F., Clark, Melody S., Doggett, Norman, Zharkikh, Andrey, Tavtigian, Sean V., Pruss, Dmitry, Barnstead, Mary, Evans, Cheryl, Baden, Holly, Powell, Justin, Glusman, Gustavo, Rowen, Lee, Hood, Leroy, Tan, Y. H., Elgar, Greg, Hawkins, Trevor, Venkatesh, Byrappa, Rokhsar, Daniel, and Brenner, Sydney

Published
2002

32. Genomics of cold adaptations in the Antarctic notothenioid fish radiation

Author

Bista, Iliana, primary, Wood, Jonathan M. D., additional, Desvignes, Thomas, additional, McCarthy, Shane A., additional, Matschiner, Michael, additional, Ning, Zemin, additional, Tracey, Alan, additional, Torrance, James, additional, Sims, Ying, additional, Chow, William, additional, Smith, Michelle, additional, Oliver, Karen, additional, Haggerty, Leanne, additional, Salzburger, Walter, additional, Postlethwait, John H., additional, Howe, Kerstin, additional, Clark, Melody S., additional, Detrich, William H., additional, Cheng, C.-H. Christina, additional, Miska, Eric A., additional, and Durbin, Richard, additional

Published
2022
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35. Introduction

Author

Lubzens, Esther, Cerdà, Joan, Clark, Melody S., Lubzens, Esther, editor, Cerda, Joan, editor, and Clark, Melody, editor

Published
2010
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37. Polar marine biology science in Portugal and Spain: Recent advances and future perspectives

Author

Xavier, José C., Barbosa, Andrés, Agustí, Susana, Alonso-Sáez, Laura, Alvito, Pedro, Ameneiro, Julia, Ávila, Conxita, Baeta, Alexandra, Canário, João, Carmona, Raquel, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe, Clark, Melody S., Cristobo, Francisco J., Cruz, Bruno, Duarte, Carlos M., Figuerola, Blanca, Gili, Josep-Maria, Gonçalves, Ana R., Gordillo, Francisco J.L., Granadeiro, José P., Guerreiro, Miguel, Isla, Enrique, Jiménez, Carlos, López-González, Pablo J., Lourenço, Sílvia, Marques, João C., Moreira, Elena, Mota, Ana M., Nogueira, Marta, Núñez-Pons, Laura, Orejas, Covadonga, Paiva, Vitor H., Palanques, Albert, Pearson, Gareth A., Pedrós-Alió, Carlos, Peña Cantero, Álvaro L., Power, Deborah M., Ramos, Jaime A., Rossi, Sergi, Seco, José, Sañé, Elisabet, Serrão, Ester A., Taboada, Sergi, Tavares, Sílvia, Teixidó, Núria, Vaqué, Dolors, Valente, Tiago, Vázquez, Elsa, Vieira, Rui P., and Viñegla, Benjamin

Published
2013
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38. Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the transcriptional regulation of bivalve shell secretion across life history stages

Author

Cavallo, Alessandro, Clark, Melody S, Peck, Lloyd S, Harper, Elizabeth M, Sleight, Victoria A, Cavallo, Alessandro [0000-0002-0135-0032], Harper, Elizabeth M [0000-0002-1092-3867], Sleight, Victoria A [0000-0003-0550-8500], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Organismal and evolutionary biology, Multidisciplinary, mollusc, Research articles, shell development, evo devo, biomineralization
Abstract

Peer reviewed: True, Adult molluscs produce shells with diverse morphologies and ornamentations, different colour patterns and microstructures. The larval shell, however, is a phenotypically more conserved structure. How do developmental and evolutionary processes generate varying diversity at different life-history stages within a species? Using live imaging, histology, scanning electron microscopy and transcriptomic profiling, we have described shell development in a heteroconchian bivalve, the Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica, and compared it to adult shell secretion processes in the same species. Adult downstream shell genes, such as those encoding extracellular matrix proteins and biomineralization enzymes, were largely not expressed during shell development. Instead, a development-specific downstream gene repertoire was expressed. Upstream regulatory genes such as transcription factors and signalling molecules were largely conserved between developmental and adult shell secretion. Comparing heteroconchian data with recently reported pteriomorphian larval shell development data suggests that, despite being phenotypically more conserved, the downstream effectors constituting the larval shell 'tool-kit' may be as diverse as that of adults. Overall, our new data suggest that a larval shell formed using development-specific downstream effector genes is a conserved and ancestral feature of the bivalve lineage, and possibly more broadly across the molluscs.

Published
2022

41. Supplementary Information from Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the transcriptional regulation of bivalve shell secretion across life-history stages

Author

Cavallo, Alessandro, Clark, Melody S., Peck, Lloyd S., Harper, Elizabeth M., and Sleight, Victoria A.

Abstract

Adult molluscs produce shells with diverse morphologies and ornamentations, different colour patterns and microstructures. The larval shell however, is a phenotypically more conserved structure. How do developmental and evolutionary processes generate varying diversity at different life-history stages? Using live-imaging, histology, scanning electron microscopy and transcriptomic profiling, we have described shell development in a heteroconchian bivalve the Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica and compared it to adult shell secretion processes in the same species. Adult downstream shell genes, such as those encoding extracellular matrix proteins and biomineralization enzymes, were largely not expressed during shell development, and instead, a development-specific downstream gene repertoire was expressed. Upstream regulatory genes such as transcription factors and signalling molecules were conserved between developmental and adult shell secretion. Comparing heteroconchian data with recently reported pteriomorphian larval shell development data suggest that, despite being phenotypically more conserved, the downstream effectors constituting the larval shell ‘tool-kit’ may be as diverse as that of adults. Overall, our new data suggest that a larval shell formed using development-specific downstream effector genes is a conserved and ancestral feature of the bivalve lineage, and possibly more broadly across the molluscs.

Published
2022
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46. Sweepstake reproductive success and collective dispersal produce chaotic genetic patchiness in a broadcast spawner

Author

Vendrami, David L.J., Peck, Lloyd S., Clark, Melody S., Eldon, Bjarki, Meredith, Michael, and Hoffman, Joseph I.

Abstract

A long-standing paradox of marine populations is chaotic genetic patchiness (CGP), temporally unstable patterns of genetic differentiation that occur below the geographic scale of effective dispersal. Several mechanisms are hypothesized to explain CGP including natural selection, spatiotemporal fluctuations in larval source populations, self-recruitment, and sweepstake reproduction. Discriminating among them is extremely difficult but is fundamental to understanding how marine organisms reproduce and disperse. Here, we report a notable example of CGP in the Antarctic limpet, an unusually tractable system where multiple confounding explanations can be discounted. Using population genomics, temporally replicated sampling, surface drifters, and forward genetic simulations, we show that CGP likely arises from an extreme sweepstake event together with collective larval dispersal, while selection appears to be unimportant. Our results illustrate the importance of neutral demographic forces in natural populations and have important implications for understanding the recruitment dynamics, population connectivity, local adaptation, and resilience of marine populations.

Published
2021

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