Search

The ^{244}Pu(^{50}Ti,xn)^{294-x}Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with Z≥114 by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than ^{48}Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal-plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of ^{290}Lv. The production cross section was measured to be σ_{prod}=0.44(_{-0.28}^{+0.58})  pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3) MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the "island of stability," with a beam of ^{50}Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond Z=118.

Ross M Clark,1 Brittany Coffman,2 Paul G McGuire,3 Thomas R Howdieshell1,3 1Department of Surgery, 2Department of Pathology, 3Department of Cell Biology and Vascular Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA Background: Murine models of diabetes and obesity have provided insight into the pathogenesis of impaired epithelialization of excisional skin wounds. However, knowledge of postischemic myocutaneous revascularization in these models is limited. Materials and methods: A myocutaneous flap was created on the dorsum of wild type (C57BL/6), genetically obese and diabetic (ob/ob, db/db), complementary heterozygous (ob+/ob− , db+/db−), and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (n=48 total; five operative mice per strain and three unoperated mice per strain as controls). Flap perfusion was documented by laser speckle contrast imaging. Local gene expression in control and postoperative flap tissue specimens was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Image analysis of immunochemically stained histologic sections confirmed microvascular density and macrophage presence. Results: Day 10 planimetric analysis revealed mean flap surface area necrosis values of 10.8%, 12.9%, 9.9%, 0.4%, 1.4%, and 23.0% for wild type, db+/db−, ob+/ob−, db/db, ob/ob, and DIO flaps, respectively. Over 10 days, laser speckle imaging documented increased perfusion at all time points with revascularization to supranormal perfusion in db/db and ob/ob flaps. In contrast, wild type, heterozygous, and DIO flaps displayed expected graded ischemia with failure of perfusion to return to baseline values. RT-PCR demonstrated statistically significant differences in angiogenic gene expression between lean and obese mice at baseline (unoperated) and at day 10. Conclusion: Unexpected increased baseline skin perfusion and augmented myocutaneous revascularization accompanied by a control proangiogenic transcriptional signature in genetically obese mice compared to DIO and lean mice are reported. In future research, laser speckle imaging has been planned to be utilized in order to correlate spatiotemporal wound reperfusion with changes in cell recruitment and gene expression to better understand the differences in wound microvascular biology in lean and obese states. Keywords: diabetes, obesity, laser speckle contrast imaging, reperfusion

The α decay of the neutron-deficient At190 isotope was observed following the Rh103(Zr90,3n)At190 reaction at Argonne National Laboratory. The reaction products were separated from the beam using the Argonne Gas-Filled Analyzer and implanted into a double-sided Si strip detector. The spatial and temporal correlations between implanted nuclei and subsequent α decays towards the known daughter isotope Bi186 were used to identify and characterize At190 nuclei. Two possible decay scenarios are proposed for the At190→Bi186 decay.

The level structure of Al36 has been studied via β decay of Mg36 at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). A long-lived isomer in Al36 was identified which decays by β to an excited state of Si36. The ground state and the isomeric state of Al36 were found to populate different energy levels of Si36. The results from the two data sets in the present work complement each other. Configuration interaction calculations performed with the FSU shell-model Hamiltonians provide reasonable descriptions to the experimental observations and offer insight into future improvements of the theoretical interpretation.

A ground-state rotational band in the fissile nucleus Rf254 was observed for the first time. Levels up to spin 14 and excitation energy of 1.56 MeV were observed. The Rf254 nuclei were produced using the Pb206(Ti50,2n) fusion-evaporation reaction. It is the weakest reaction channel ever studied using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods. The reaction products were separated from the beam in the Argonne gas-filled analyzer (AGFA). The Rf254 nuclei were implanted into a double-sided Si strip detector at the AGFA focal plane and tagged with subsequent ground-state spontaneous fission decays using temporal and spatial correlations. Prompt γ rays in coincidence with the Rf254 recoils were detected in the Gammasphere array of Ge detectors. In order to identify the ground-state rotational band in Rf254, a method for identifying rotational bands in low statistics γ-ray spectra was developed. The deduced Rf254 kinematic moment of inertia is smaller compared to neighboring even-even nuclei. This is most likely associated with a slightly lower quadrupole deformation and stronger pairing correlations in Rf254. The behavior of the moment of inertia as a function of rotational frequency is similar to that of the lighter N=150 isotones Fm250 and No252.

The level structure of Er158 has been studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer via the Cd114(Ca48,4n) reaction at 215 MeV with both thin (self-supporting) and thick (backed) targets. The level scheme has been considerably extended with more than 200 new transitions and six new rotational structures, including two strongly coupled high-K bands. Configuration assignments for the new structures are based on their observed alignments, B(M1)/B(E2) ratios of reduced transition probabilities, excitation energies, and comparisons with neighboring nuclei and theoretical calculations. With increasing angular momentum, this nucleus exhibits Coriolis-induced alignments of both neutrons and protons before it then undergoes a rotation-induced transition from near-prolate collective rotation to a noncollective oblate configuration. This transition occurs via the mechanism of band termination around spin 45ħ in three rotational structures. Two distinct lifetime branches, consistent with the crossing of a collective "fast"rotational structure by an energetically favored "slow"terminating sequence, are confirmed for the positive-parity states, and similar behavior is established in the negative-parity states. Weak-intensity, high-energy transitions are observed to feed into the terminating states. At the highest spins, three collective bands with high dynamic moments of inertia and large quadrupole moments were identified. These bands are interpreted as triaxial strongly deformed structures and mark a return to collectivity at ultrahigh spin.

The products of the Tl203,205(Ti50,2n) fusion-evaporation reactions were studied using the recently commissioned Argonne Gas-Filled Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. Two α-decay activities with energies of 9210(19) and 9246(19) keV and half-lives of 42-14+42 and 24.4-4.5+7.0 ms were observed which were followed by the known α decays of Md247 and Es243. They are interpreted as originating from the 1/2-[521] and 7/2-[514] single-proton Nilsson states in the hitherto unknown isotope Lr251. From the measured Qα values the 1/2- level was placed 117(27) keV above the 7/2- level in Lr251 in contrast to Lr255 where the 1/2- level is the lowest. Also, the α decay of Lr253 was studied in more detail and a new α line at 8660(20) keV was found and a new half-life value of 2.46(32) s for an isomeric state in Lr253 was measured. The Lr251,253,255Qα values were compared with predictions of various mass models. The relative energies of the 1/2-[521] and 7/2-[514] single-proton Nilsson states in Lr251,253,255 isotopes were compared with results of the cranking shell model with pairing treated using the particle-number-conserving method. The level separation and, in particular, the level order change between Lr251 and Lr255 was reproduced only when the hexacontetrapole deformation 6 was included in the calculations.

The Be9(BeF25(5/2+),BeO24)X proton-removal reaction was studied at the NSCL using the S800 spectrometer. The experimental spectroscopic factor for the ground-state to ground-state transition indicates a substantial depletion of the proton d5/2 strength compared to shell-model expectations, similar to the findings of an inverse-kinematics (p,2p) measurement performed at RIBF. The BeF25 to BeO24 ground-states overlap is considerably less than anticipated if the core nucleons behaved as rigid, doubly-magic BeO24 within BeF25. We interpret the new results within the framework of the Particle-Vibration Coupling (PVC) model, of a d5/2 proton coupled to a quadrupole phonon of an effective core. This approach provides a good description of the experimental data, requiring an effective BeO∗24 core with a phonon energy of ħω2= 3.2 MeV and a B(E2)≈2.7 W.u. - softer and more collective than a bare BeO24. Both the Nilsson deformed mean field and the PVC models appear to capture the properties of the effective core of BeF25, suggesting that the additional proton polarizes BeO24 in such a way that it becomes either slightly deformed or a quadrupole vibrator.

While the phenomenon of one- and two-neutron ground-state halo nuclei is well established, the effects of weak binding on nuclear excitation properties remain largely unexplored. Motivated by this question and by recent data in 40Mg we investigate the coupling of weakly bound (halo) valence neutrons to a core using the known properties of 40Mg to explore and illustrate possible particle-core coupling schemes and their impact on the low-lying excitation spectrum.

Compton polarimeters have played an important role in the study of nuclear structure physics, but have often been limited in their applications because of relatively low γ-ray detection efficiency. With the advent of γ-ray tracking detector arrays, which feature nearly 4π solid angle coverage and the ability to identify the location of Compton-scattering events to within a few millimeters, this limitation can be overcome. Here we present a characterization of the performance of the Gamma Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) as a Compton polarimeter using the 24Mg(p,p′) reaction at 2.45 MeV proton energy. We also discuss a new capability added to the simulation package UCGretina to simulate the emission of polarized photons, and compare it to the measured data. Finally, we use these simulations to predict the performance of the Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA).

We discuss a phenomenological shell model analysis of the structure of 48 , 49 , 50Ca. Based on simple arguments, we propose wavefunctions fit to the available data on spectroscopic factors derived from direct one neutron addition and removal reactions. These empirical wavefunctions are then used to calculate properties of low-lying states in 49 , 50 , 51Ca, which are consistent with available experimental data. Our analysis appears to capture the main ingredients at play in the low-lying properties of these nuclei and emphasize the prominent role of pairing correlations. We also present predictions that could motivate further work.

Exclusive cross sections for the P43(−1p)Si42 reaction to the lowest 0+ and 2+ states, measured at NSCL with GRETINA and the S800, are interpreted in terms of a two-level mixing (collective) model of oblate and prolate coexisting shapes. Using the formalism developed for deformed nuclei, we calculate the spectroscopic amplitudes and exclusive cross sections in the strong-coupling limit, where for P43 the schematic wave function includes the coupling of the Nilsson [211]12 proton orbit. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained when the amplitude of the oblate configuration is ≳80%, suggesting that both nuclei are predominantly oblate, in line with theoretical expectations. Model predictions for excitation energies and electromagnetic observables, which could motivate further studies of both nuclei, are also presented.

The fusion-evaporation reaction at 125-MeV beam energy was used to populate excited states in . Combining the Gammasphere spectrometer with ancillary devices including the Microball CsI(Tl) array and a shell of neutron detectors, a comprehensive level scheme could be derived. The experimental results are compared with theoretical results from shell-model calculations. Taking into account isospin-symmetry breaking terms is found to considerably improve the shell-model description for . This motivated a predictive case study of near-yrast states in the mirror nucleus .

We have studied the Mg26(t,p)Mg28 reaction. The nucleus Mg28 lies between Mg24 and Mg32, the latter of which is central to the "island of inversion"characterized by low-lying neutron fp-shell configurations. The present results show that the second-excited 0+ state in Mg28 contains large fp-shell occupation for the neutrons. The experiment was performed in inverse kinematics using the HELIcal Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS) at Argonne National Laboratory. Shell-model calculations using the SDPF-MU interaction yielded level energies and two-neutron transfer amplitudes that were used in one-step distorted-wave Born approximation calculations to provide theoretical predictions of the proton angular distributions. In many, but not all cases, the data were in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

We have studied the Mg26(t,p)Mg28 reaction. The nucleus Mg28 lies between Mg24 and Mg32, the latter of which is central to the "island of inversion"characterized by low-lying neutron fp-shell configurations. The present results show that the second-excited 0+ state in Mg28 contains large fp-shell occupation for the neutrons. The experiment was performed in inverse kinematics using the HELIcal Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS) at Argonne National Laboratory. Shell-model calculations using the SDPF-MU interaction yielded level energies and two-neutron transfer amplitudes that were used in one-step distorted-wave Born approximation calculations to provide theoretical predictions of the proton angular distributions. In many, but not all cases, the data were in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

The fusion-evaporation reaction Si28+Ca40 at 122 MeV beam energy was used to populate excited states in the N=Z+1 nucleus Ga63. With the combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detector array, the level scheme of Ga63 was extended by more than a factor of two in terms of number of γ-ray transitions and excited states, excitation energy (Ex>30MeV), and angular momentum (I>30ℏ). Nine regular sequences of states were newly established in the high-spin part of the level scheme. The majority of these rotational band structures could be connected to the previously known part of the level scheme by high-energy γ-ray transitions in the energy range Eγ=4-6MeV. Low-spin states were assessed by shell-model calculations. The high-spin rotational bands were interpreted and classified by means of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.

Spectroscopic factors to low-lying negative-parity states in Be11 extracted from the B12(d,He3)Be11 proton-removal reaction are interpreted within the rotational model. Earlier predictions of the p-wave proton-removal strengths in the strong-coupling limit of the Nilsson model underestimated the spectroscopic factors to the 3/21- and 5/21- states and suggested that deviations in the 1+ ground state of the odd-odd B12 due to Coriolis coupling should be further explored. In this work we use the particle rotor model to take into account these effects and obtain a good description of the level scheme in B11, with a moderate K mixing of the proton Nilsson levels [110]1/2 and [101]3/2. This mixing, present in the 1+ bandhead of B12, is key to explaining the proton-pickup data.

A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1)  MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518  μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.

A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1)  MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518  μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.

The excitation energy of deformed intruder states (specifically the 2p2h bandhead) as a function of proton number Z along N=20 is of interest both in terms of better understanding the evolution of nuclear structure between spherical Ca40 and the Island of Inversion nuclei, and for benchmarking theoretical descriptions in this region. At the center of the N=20 Island of Inversion, the npnh (where n=2,4,6) neutron excitations across a diminished N=20 gap result in deformed and collective ground states, as observed in Mg32. In heavier isotones, npnh excitations do not dominate in the ground states but are present in the relatively low-lying level schemes. With the aim of identifying the expected 2p2h - s1/2+ state in P35, the only N=20 isotone for which the neutron 2p2h excitation bandhead has not yet been identified, the S36(d,He3)P35 reaction has been revisited in inverse kinematics with the HELical Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS) at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). While a candidate state has not been located, an upper limit for the transfer reaction cross section to populate such a configuration within a 2.5 to 3.6 MeV energy range provides a stringent constraint on the wave function compositions in both S36 and P35.

An upgraded TASISpec setup, with the addition of a veto DSSD and the new Compex detector-germanium array, has been employed with the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, to study flerovium (element 114) decay chains. The detector upgrades along with development of new analytical techniques have improved the sensitivity of the TASISpec setup for measuring α-photon coincidences. These improvements have been assessed with test reactions. The reaction 48Ca+206,207Pb was used for verification of experimental parameters such as transmission to implantation DSSD and target-segment to α-decay correlations. The reaction 48Ca+ nat Hf was used to produce several short-lived nuclei with multiple-α decay chains to investigate pile-up event deconvolution.

The neutron-rich barium nuclei have been the subject of intense interest due to the enhanced octupole correlations they are predicted to exhibit. The observation of enhanced octupole collectivity in Ba144,146 as measured in sub-barrier Coulomb excitation, consistent with static octupole deformation, has further heightened this interest. In the present work, these studies are extended to the neighboring odd-mass Ba143 to investigate the interplay between single-particle and collective octupole degrees of freedom. A new measurement of the first 92 - state lifetime is also presented. Reflection-Asymmetric Triaxial Particle Rotor Model calculations indicate that the negative-parity bands in Ba143 can be understood as a decoupled structure of νh9/2 parentage, while the positive-parity bands are built on a decoupled octupole phonon. No evidence for E3 excitation is observed in this work, but an upper limit is placed on the E3 matrix element to the lowest octupole band.

In a recent experiment, carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory/RIKEN, the F25(p,2p)O24 reaction was studied at 270 MeV/A in inverse kinematics. Derived spectroscopic factors suggest that the effective core of F25 significantly differs from a free O24 nucleus. We interpret these results within the particle-rotor model and show that the experimental level scheme of F25 can be understood in the rotation-aligned coupling scheme with its 5/21+ ground state as the bandhead of a decoupled band. The excitation energies of the observed 1/21+ and 9/21+ states correlate strongly with the rotational energy of the effective core, seen by the odd proton, and allow us to estimate its 2+ energy at ≈3.2MeV and a moderate quadrupole deformation ϵ2≈0.15. The measured fragmentation of the πd5/2 single-particle strength is discussed, and some further experiments suggested.

In a recent experiment, carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory/RIKEN, the F25(p,2p)O24 reaction was studied at 270 MeV/A in inverse kinematics. Derived spectroscopic factors suggest that the effective core of F25 significantly differs from a free O24 nucleus. We interpret these results within the particle-rotor model and show that the experimental level scheme of F25 can be understood in the rotation-aligned coupling scheme with its 5/21+ ground state as the bandhead of a decoupled band. The excitation energies of the observed 1/21+ and 9/21+ states correlate strongly with the rotational energy of the effective core, seen by the odd proton, and allow us to estimate its 2+ energy at ≈3.2MeV and a moderate quadrupole deformation ϵ2≈0.15. The measured fragmentation of the πd5/2 single-particle strength is discussed, and some further experiments suggested.

In 1956 A. Kerman explained the observed energy levels of the lowest K = 1/2 and K = 3/2 bands in 183W as resulting from rotational perturbations due to the effects of the Coriolis force. Following from that seminal paper, in this work we consider Kerman's problem when one of the Nilsson single-particle levels involved is a resonant state. This is the simplest model of Coriolis mixing that allows for analytical expressions derived in first-order perturbation theory, without losing the main physical ingredients of the continuum effects. We present results for the perturbed solution of the ground state band energies as a function of the state width, which suggest a general behavior of both increased moment of inertia and staggering.

The fusion-evaporation reaction Si28+Ca40 at 122 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the odd-odd N=Z nucleus Ga62. With the combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detector array the decay scheme of Ga62 was extended beyond 10 MeV excitation energy. The onset of band structures was observed. These high-spin rotational states are interpreted and classified by means of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.

The fusion-evaporation reaction S32+Si28 at 125 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the semimagic N=28 nuclei Mn53 and Fe54. With a combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and ancillary devices including the Microball CsI(Tl) array, extensive high-spin level schemes are derived. They exhibit rotational-like collective structures and competing single-particle excitations. The experimental results are compared with predictions from shell-model calculations, for which the inclusion of isopin-symmetry-breaking terms is found to improve the description. An interpretation of the high-spin states is put forward using cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations, indicative of contributions from collective excitations beyond some 8-MeV excitation energy and highlighting the importance of the g9/2 intruder orbital in this energy range.

The fusion-evaporation reaction S32+Si28 at 125 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the semimagic N=28 nuclei Mn53 and Fe54. With a combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and ancillary devices including the Microball CsI(Tl) array, extensive high-spin level schemes are derived. They exhibit rotational-like collective structures and competing single-particle excitations. The experimental results are compared with predictions from shell-model calculations, for which the inclusion of isopin-symmetry-breaking terms is found to improve the description. An interpretation of the high-spin states is put forward using cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations, indicative of contributions from collective excitations beyond some 8-MeV excitation energy and highlighting the importance of the g9/2 intruder orbital in this energy range.

In an experiment performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-inch cyclotron, the isotope ^{244}Md was produced in the ^{209}Bi(^{40}Ar,5n) reaction. Decay properties of ^{244}Md were measured at the focal plane of the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator, and the mass number assignment of A=244 was confirmed with the apparatus for the identification of nuclide A. The isotope ^{244}Md is reported to have one, possibly two, α-decaying states with α energies of 8.66(2) and 8.31(2) MeV and half-lives of 0.4_{-0.1}^{+0.4} and ∼6  s, respectively. Additionally, first evidence of the α decay of ^{236}Bk was observed and is reported.

In an experiment performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-inch cyclotron, the isotope ^{244}Md was produced in the ^{209}Bi(^{40}Ar,5n) reaction. Decay properties of ^{244}Md were measured at the focal plane of the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator, and the mass number assignment of A=244 was confirmed with the apparatus for the identification of nuclide A. The isotope ^{244}Md is reported to have one, possibly two, α-decaying states with α energies of 8.66(2) and 8.31(2) MeV and half-lives of 0.4_{-0.1}^{+0.4} and ∼6  s, respectively. Additionally, first evidence of the α decay of ^{236}Bk was observed and is reported.

Spectroscopic strengths for the 18Fg,m(d,p)F19 reactions to members of the ground-state band in F19 are interpreted in the rotational model. The analysis considers two different coupling schemes, namely, the strong and decoupled limits of the particle rotor model to describe the ground and isomeric states of F18, as well as the transitions to the ground-state band in F19. Our results, obtained using Nilsson amplitudes for the neutron levels 12[220], 32[211], and 52[202] calculated at a deformation ϵ2=0.32 are in agreement with the measurements and USDB shell-model calculations.

Spectroscopic strengths for the 18Fg,m(d,p)F19 reactions to members of the ground-state band in F19 are interpreted in the rotational model. The analysis considers two different coupling schemes, namely, the strong and decoupled limits of the particle rotor model to describe the ground and isomeric states of F18, as well as the transitions to the ground-state band in F19. Our results, obtained using Nilsson amplitudes for the neutron levels 12[220], 32[211], and 52[202] calculated at a deformation ϵ2=0.32 are in agreement with the measurements and USDB shell-model calculations.

The superfluid tunneling model is applied to the calculation of ground-state-to-ground-state α decay in the even-even neutron-deficient Te-Ba nuclei. We show that there is a larger α-particle formation probability in nuclei of this region above Sn100 when compared to analogous nuclei above Pb208. This is consistent with the expected systematic variation of the pair gap Δ as a function of mass number. The recent experimental data on the α decay of the N=Z nuclei Te104 and Xe108 are shown to leave open the possibility of enhanced α-particle formation involving nucleon correlations beyond the standard treatment of like-nucleon pairing, which is the mechanism suggested as underlying "superallowed" α decay.

The superfluid tunneling model is applied to the calculation of half-lives of the observed α decays in N=84 isotones. Results of our calculations are compared to experimental data on the ground-state α decays along the isotonic chain from Nd144 to Re159. Good agreement is found. The α decays of the known high-spin isomers in Lu155, Hf156, Ta157, and W158 are also well reproduced, once a reduction in the pairing strength is taken into account. This includes reproduction of the main features of the recently observed fine structure from Lu155(25/2-) and Hf156(8+). Predictions for the α-decay fine structure of Ta157(25/2-) and W158(8+) high-spin isomers are presented.

One of the most exotic light neutron-rich nuclei currently accessible for experimental study is ^{40}Mg, which lies at the intersection of the nucleon magic number N=28 and the neutron drip line. Low-lying excited states of ^{40}Mg have been studied for the first time following a one-proton removal reaction from ^{41}Al, performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory of RIKEN Nishina Center with the DALI2 γ-ray array and the ZeroDegree spectrometer. Two γ-ray transitions were observed, suggesting an excitation spectrum that shows unexpected properties as compared to both the systematics along the Z=12, N≥20  Mg isotopes and available state-of-the-art theoretical model predictions. A possible explanation for the observed structure involves weak-binding effects in the low-lying excitation spectrum.

One of the most exotic light neutron-rich nuclei currently accessible for experimental study is ^{40}Mg, which lies at the intersection of the nucleon magic number N=28 and the neutron drip line. Low-lying excited states of ^{40}Mg have been studied for the first time following a one-proton removal reaction from ^{41}Al, performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory of RIKEN Nishina Center with the DALI2 γ-ray array and the ZeroDegree spectrometer. Two γ-ray transitions were observed, suggesting an excitation spectrum that shows unexpected properties as compared to both the systematics along the Z=12, N≥20  Mg isotopes and available state-of-the-art theoretical model predictions. A possible explanation for the observed structure involves weak-binding effects in the low-lying excitation spectrum.

An experiment was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-in. Cyclotron to determine the mass number of a superheavy element. The measurement resulted in the observation of two α-decay chains, produced via the ^{243}Am(^{48}Ca,xn)^{291-x}Mc reaction, that were separated by mass-to-charge ratio (A/q) and identified by the combined BGS+FIONA apparatus. One event occurred at A/q=284 and was assigned to ^{284}Nh (Z=113), the α-decay daughter of ^{288}Mc (Z=115), while the second occurred at A/q=288 and was assigned to ^{288}Mc. This experiment represents the first direct measurements of the mass numbers of superheavy elements, confirming previous (indirect) mass-number assignments.

The energy levels and γ-ray decay scheme of the positive-parity states in the Tz=12 nucleus As67 have been studied by using the Ca40(Ar36,2αp)As67 reaction at a beam energy of 145 MeV. Two new band structures have been identified which can be connected to the previously known levels. The results for these bands are compared with configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. The good level of agreement between theory and experiment suggests that these structures can be interpreted in terms of configurations that involve three g92 particles and that both possess noncollective terminating states.

Excited states in the neutron-rich isotopes P33 and P34 were populated by the O18+O18 fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab=24 MeV. The Gammasphere array was used along with the Microball particle detector array to detect γ transitions in coincidence with the charged particles emitted from the compound nucleus S36. The use of Microball enabled the selection of the proton emission channel. It also helped in determining the exact position and energy of the emitted proton; this was later employed in kinematic Doppler corrections. 16 new transitions and 13 new states were observed in P33 and 21 γ rays and 20 energy levels were observed in P34 for the first time. The nearly 4π geometry of Gammasphere allowed the measurement of γ-ray angular distributions leading to spin assignments for many states. The experimental observations for both isotopes were interpreted with the help of shell-model calculations using the (0+1)ω PSDPF interaction. The calculations accounted for both the 0p-0h and 1p-1h states reasonably well and indicated that 2p-2h excitations might dominate the higher-spin configurations in both P33 and P34.

Excited states in the neutron-rich isotopes P33 and P34 were populated by the O18+O18 fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab=24 MeV. The Gammasphere array was used along with the Microball particle detector array to detect γ transitions in coincidence with the charged particles emitted from the compound nucleus S36. The use of Microball enabled the selection of the proton emission channel. It also helped in determining the exact position and energy of the emitted proton; this was later employed in kinematic Doppler corrections. 16 new transitions and 13 new states were observed in P33 and 21 γ rays and 20 energy levels were observed in P34 for the first time. The nearly 4π geometry of Gammasphere allowed the measurement of γ-ray angular distributions leading to spin assignments for many states. The experimental observations for both isotopes were interpreted with the help of shell-model calculations using the (0+1)ω PSDPF interaction. The calculations accounted for both the 0p-0h and 1p-1h states reasonably well and indicated that 2p-2h excitations might dominate the higher-spin configurations in both P33 and P34.

We use the superfluid tunneling model (STM) to calculate the half-lives of ground-state α decays of even-even superheavy nuclei (SHN) with Z≥100. The experimental data are reproduced to accuracies comparable to other contemporary models of α decay of SHN. We apply the STM to the case of the α decaying high-K isomers identified in the decay chains of Ds270. By accounting for the α-decay Q values, Qα, the angular momentum difference between initial and final states, L, and a reduction in the pairing gap, Δ, we are able to reproduce the observed α decay of the isomers, including the unusual competition between L≈10 and L≈0α branches seen for the K isomer in Ds270(Z=110).

A model-independent technique was used to determine the γ-ray strength function (γSF) of Fe56 down to γ-ray energies less than 1 MeV for the first time with GRETINA using the (p,p′) reaction at 16 MeV. No difference was observed in the energy dependence of the γSF built on 2+ and 4+ final states, supporting the Brink hypothesis. In addition, angular distribution and polarization measurements were performed. The angular distributions are consistent with dipole radiation. The polarization results show a small bias towards magnetic character in the region of the enhancement.

High-spin states in Cs124 were populated in the Ni64(Ni64,p3n) reaction and the Gammasphere detector array was used to measure γ-ray coincidences. Both positive- and negative-parity bands, including bands with chiral configurations, have been extended to higher spin, where a shape change has been observed. The configurations of the bands before and after the alignment are discussed within the framework of the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model. The calculations suggest that the nucleus undergoes a shape transition from triaxial to prolate around spin I≃22 of the positive-parity states. The alignment gain of 8â.,, observed in the positive-parity bands, is due to partial alignment of several valence nucleons. This indicates the absence of band crossing due to paired nucleons in the bands.

We use the superfluid tunneling model (STM) to calculate the half-lives of ground-state α decays of even-even superheavy nuclei (SHN) with Z≥100. The experimental data are reproduced to accuracies comparable to other contemporary models of α decay of SHN. We apply the STM to the case of the α decaying high-K isomers identified in the decay chains of Ds270. By accounting for the α-decay Q values, Qα, the angular momentum difference between initial and final states, L, and a reduction in the pairing gap, Δ, we are able to reproduce the observed α decay of the isomers, including the unusual competition between L≈10 and L≈0α branches seen for the K isomer in Ds270(Z=110).

Spectroscopic factors in Be10, Be11, and Be12, extracted from (d,p), one-neutron knockout, and (p,d) reactions, are interpreted within the rotational model. Assuming that the ground state and first excited state of Be11 can be associated with the 12[220] and 12[101] Nilsson levels, the strong-coupling limit gives simple expressions that relate the amplitudes of these wave functions (in the spherical basis) with the measured cross sections and derived spectroscopic factors. We obtain good agreement with both the measured magnetic moment of the ground state in Be11 and the reaction data.

Recent results from RIKEN/RIBF on the low-lying level structure of 29F are interpreted within the Particle-Rotor Model. We show that the experimental data can be understood in the Rotation-aligned Coupling Scheme, with the 5/2+ ground state as the bandhead of a decoupled band. In this picture, the energy of the observed 1/21+ state correlates strongly with the rotational energy of the core and provides an estimate of the 2+ energy in 28O. Our analysis suggests a moderate deformation, ϵ2∼0.16, and places the 2+ in 28O at ∼ 2.5 MeV.

Spectroscopic factors, extracted from one-neutron knockout and Coulomb dissociation reactions, for transitions from the ground state of Mg33 to the ground-state rotational band in Mg32, and from Mg32 to low-lying negative-parity states in Mg31, are interpreted within the rotational model. Associating the ground state of Mg33 and the negative-parity states in Mg31 with the 32[321] Nilsson level, the strong coupling limit gives simple expressions that relate the amplitudes (Cjℓ) of this wave function with the measured cross sections and derived spectroscopic factors (Sjℓ). To obtain a consistent agreement with the data within this framework, we find that one requires a modified 32[321] wave function with an increased contribution from the spherical 2p3/2 orbit as compared to a standard Nilsson calculation. This is consistent with the findings of large-scale shell model calculations and can be traced to weak binding effects that lower the energy of low-ℓ orbitals.