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In 1871, the Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher published the results of a detailed chemical analysis of pus cells, in which he showed that the nuclei of these cells contained a hitherto unknown phosphorus-rich chemical which he named ‘nuclein’ for its specific localisation. Published in German, ‘Ueber Die Chemische Zusammensetzung Der Eiterzellen’, [On the Chemical Composition of Pus Cells] Medicinisch-Chemische Untersuchungen (1871) 4: 441–60, was the first publication to describe DNA, and yet remains relatively obscure. We therefore undertook a translation of the paper into English, which, together with the original article, can be accessed via the following link https://doi.org/10.1017/S000708742000062X. In this paper, we offer some intellectual context for its publication and immediate reception.

Objective - to evaluate the health-related Quality of life the women with “lesser” abnormalities of cervical epithelium and patients with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Materials and methods. The investigation was performed 274 women of reproductive age, divided into two main groups: HPV infection (“lesser” abnormalities 202 patients and with HSIL - 20) and healthy women - 20. All the studied women of health-related quality of life by using the EQ-5D-5L. Results. Revealed a significant reduction in the level of health-related quality of life in the psychological and emotional components of the patients with “lesser” abnormalities of cervical epithelium and patients with HSIL associated with HPV infection (p

Developmental Biology has a long, rich history of publishing papers that have influenced the field for decades. As 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the Society for Developmental Biology, I thought it would be useful to republish a sampling of these classic papers both to highlight their impact and also to give a sense of how the field has advanced. To begin this series, I have chosen two papers by Nicole Le Douarin and colleagues that are personally important to me and helped to shape my thinking as a young scientist. The first is a technical note that introduces the quail-chick chimera grafting technique; the second one, published one year later, utilizes the technique to test the developmental potential of neural crest cells by grafting them to other axial levels. Published in Developmental Biology in 1973 and 1974, respectively, these papers were paradigm shifting in the neural crest field and established Le Douarin as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.

Background The plastic surgery literature is vast, consisting of a plethora of diverse articles written by a myriad of illustrious authors. Despite this considerable archive of published material, it remains nebulous as to which precise papers have had the greatest impact on our specialty. The aim of this study was to identify the most cited papers in the plastic surgery literature and perform a citation analysis paying particular attention to the evidence levels of the clinical studies. Methods We identified the 50 most cited papers published in the 20 highest impact plastic surgery journals through the Web of Science. The articles were ranked in order of number of citations acquired and level of evidence assessed. Results The top 50 cited papers were published in six different journals between the years 1957 and 2007. Forty-two of the papers in the top 50 were considered as level IV or V evidence. No level I or II evidence was present in the top 50 list. The average level of evidence of the top 50 papers was 4.28. Conclusions In the plastic surgery literature, no positive correlation exists between a high number of citations and a high level of evidence. Anatomical reconstructive challenges tend to be the main focus of plastic surgery rather than pathologic diseases and consequently, papers with lower levels of evidence are relatively more valuable in plastic surgery than many other specialties.

OBJECTIVES. The largest known dioxin contamination occurred between 1962 and 1970, when 12 million gallons of Agent Orange, a defoliant mixture contaminated with a form of the most toxic dioxin, were sprayed over southern and central Vietnam. Studies were performed to determine if elevated dioxin levels persist in Vietnamese living in the south of Vietnam. METHODS. With gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, human milk, adipose tissue, and blood from Vietnamese living in sprayed and unsprayed areas were analyzed, some individually and some pooled, for dioxins and the closely related dibenzofurans. RESULTS. One hundred sixty dioxin analyses of tissue from 3243 persons were performed. Elevated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) levels as high as 1832 ppt were found in milk lipid collected from southern Vietnam in 1970, and levels up to 103 ppt were found in adipose tissue in the 1980s. Pooled blood collected from southern Vietnam in 1991/92 also showed elevated TCDD up to 33 ppt, whereas tissue from northern Vietnam (where Agent Orange was not used) revealed TCDD levels at or below 2.9 ppt. CONCLUSIONS. Although most Agent Orange studies have focused on American veterans, many Vietnamese had greater exposure. Because health consequences of dioxin contamination are more likely to be found in Vietnamese living in Vietnam than in any other populations, Vietnam provides a unique setting for dioxin studies.

Background The number of citations that a published article has received reflects the importance of the paper in the particular area of practice. In microsurgery, thus far, which journal articles are cited most frequently is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the top 50 papers in the field of microsurgery in the plastic surgery literature. Methods The 50 most cited papers published in high impact plastic surgery and microsurgery journals were identified. The articles were ranked in the order of the number of citations received. These 50 classic papers were analyzed for article type, journal distribution, and geographic and institutional origin. Results Six international journals contributed to the top 50 papers in microsurgery. The most cited paper reported on the early use of the vascularized bone graft and was cited 116 times. The top 50 papers originated from just 10 countries with the United States producing the most. The Preston and Northcote Community Hospital, Melbourne published 5 papers and this was the most productive institution in the top 50. Conclusions These papers represent many important milestones in the relatively short history of microsurgery. Furthermore, our citation analysis provides useful information to budding authors as to what makes a paper attain a "classic" status.

In now classical article from 1958 dedicated to twofold character of Aquinas’s concept of being Joseph Owens clearly formulates the two complementary features of esse that function in Aquinas’s metaphysics, namely 1) being understood in the terms of essence, form or nature, as essential and 2) being understood as accidental, not in predicamental meaning but as something above and beyond the essence of the thing. Firmly relying on whole Owens’s work, I will try to outline the ways of understanding the meanings of esse in Aquinas, because a) two character of being are two complementary and integral components of created being, b) which are really different. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179049]

Dr. Ranney provides a commentary about two 1924 articles published in The Journal of the American Dental Association by Dr. William John Gies that highlight his many contributions to dental education.

This article is a translation of a French article by Delay, Brion, and Escourolle. In a seminal article published in French in 1957 these authors summarized the work of previous researchers and reviewed a wide sample of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases formerly referred to as Pick's disease. The authors were among the first to define the critical clinical and anatomical differences between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and FTD and they even delineated distinctive FTD subtypes making possible the advances that now constitute the base of our studies. Reviewing their work allows us to appreciate the progress research has made.

This Classic Article is a translation of the original work by Prof. Harald Tscherne, Der Strasenunfall [Traffic Accidents]. An accompanying biographical sketch of Prof. Tscherne is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-013-3011-x. An online version of the original German article is available as supplemental material. The Classic Article is reproduced with permission from Bruder Hollinek & Co. GesmbH, Purkersdorf, Austria. The original article was published in Wien Med Wochenschr. 1966;116:105–108. (Translated by Dr. Roman Pfeifer.) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11999-013-3012-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This is an abridged version of the Classic Article by E.A. Codman, A Study in Hospital Efficiency: As Demonstrated by the Case Report of the First Five Years of a Private Hospital. The full article is available as supplemental material for the abridged version in the online version of CORR®. An accompanying biographical sketch of E.A. Codman is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-012-2750-4 . The Classic Article is © 1918 and is reprinted courtesy of Thomas Todd Co. from E.A. Codman. A Study in Hospital Efficiency: As Demonstrated by the Case Report of the First Five Years of a Private Hospital. Boston: Thomas Todd Co.; 1918: 4-10,108,162.

This Classic Article is a translation of the original work by Franz Konig, “Ueber freie Korper in den Gelenken” [On loose bodies in the joint]. Dtsch Z Chir. 1887;27: 90-109. available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-013-2824-y (Translated by Drs. Richard A. Brand and Christian-Dominik Peterlein). An accompanying biographical sketch of F. Konig is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-013-2823-z. A PDF of the original German is available as supplemental material. (ED Note: An attempt has been made to preserve some of the original wording while placing the material in a contemporary context. In some cases the author’s original intent was obscure.)

A commentary on Kells CE. The X-ray in dental practice. J Natl Dent Assoc 1920;7(3):241-272. Peter H. Jacobsohn, DDS; Mel L. Kantor, DDS, MPH, PhD; Bruce L. Pihlstrom, DDS, MS Many pioneers in dentistry and science forged the future of modern health care. We shall always be indebted to dentists such as Horace Wells and William Morton, who are credited with the discovery of anesthesia; Greene Vardiman (G.V.) Black for his many contributions to dentistry; Willoughby Miller, who proposed that oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth structure; Robert Ledley, who developed the first whole-body computed tomographic (CT) scanner; and biochemist William Gies, who championed a scientific basis for dentistry and dental education. These, and many others, helped shape dentistry and medicine into what they are today.

The author systematises and examines the relation between theory and practice in psychoanalysis in three directions: one, eminently epistemological, which is only mentioned because it pertains not only to psychoanalysis but to all the sciences; another, the relation between theory and technique; and the third, the relation between theory and the institutional organisation of psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts. All the problems described, especially the second and third points, together define psychoanalytic praxis. With regard to contradictions between theory and technique, the author points out that psychoanalytic theory is constructed fundamentally on the basis of an approach that is historico-genetic, dynamic and consistent with formal logic, whereas psychoanalytic practice occurs within a transference–countertransference relation, in a situation configured as an analytic field, a ‘here and now’, within a dramatic explanation and in a dialectic process. This triple diagnosis involves naturalistic and phenomenological approaches, the problem of objectivity and the role given to sexuality as a privileged parameter in psychoanalytic theory. In relation to the third direction mentioned above,the author refers briefly to the problem of psychoanalytic organisations, in the sense that they come into conflict with the development of psychoanalytic theory and the deepening of investigation. In reference to the latter, the author emphasises the need to widen the perspective of what constitutes psychoanalytic praxis. He points out that praxis is always replete with contradictions and that it is not a question of ignoring,denying or impeding these contradictions themselves (which would in any case be totally ineffective), but that by taking them into account, scientific development could be managed in a more planned way, less blindly; that is to say, less abandoned to spontaneity.

First published in 1909 in La Cellule, F. A. Janssens’s “The chiasmatype theory. A new interpretation of the maturation divisions” proved controversial and was for several decades resisted by many geneticists and cytologists. In this month’s Perspectives, Koszul et al. revisit Janssens's findings and the surrounding controversies. Here, translated for the first time in English, GENETICS republishes the original Janssens’s article. The article is presented as closely as possible to the original publication’s format and style.2 GENETICS wishes to thank Romain Koszul and Denise Zickler for their labors in presenting the scientific community with this new translation.

Hermann von Meyer may rightfully be considered the original proposer of the concept of trabecular architecture following patterns suggesting the directions of principle compressive and tensile stresses in a similarly shaped trabecular structure. Until the mid 19th Century, few had observed trabecular architecture, and when depicted was generally considered to have little regularity. In the 1830s Bourgery, Ward, and Wyman independently described the regularity of trabecular architecture, but according to Koch (1917) the proposed explanations were in error or overly simplified. Karl Culmann, an engineer and the developer of “graphic statics,” attended a lecture of von Meyer and made the connection, which was then developed by the latter in this seminal paper. We present the paper in translation here. The original German article entitled “Die Architectur der Spongiosa” was often written in long, cumbersome sentences, with sometimes obscure meanings. We have taken considerable license in translating, rearranging punctuation, and condensing the material into modern terminology and style, while attempting to maintain the flavor of von Meyer’s writing. We thank Dr. Per K. Amundson for the original translation; Drs. John Skedros and Richard Brand made additional suggestions. An accompanying biographical sketch of Hermann von Meyer is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-011-2040-6.

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by G. L. Walton and W. E. Paul, Contribution to the Study of Spinal Surgery: One Successful and One Unsuccessful Operation for Removal of Tumor. An accompanying biographical sketch of G. L. Walton and W. E. Paul is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-010-1663-3. The Classic Article is ©1905 and is reprinted with courtesy from Walton GL, Paul WE. Contribution to the study of spinal surgery: one successful and one unsuccessful operation for removal of tumor. Boston Med Surg J. 1905;53:114–117.

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by Otto Heinrich Warburg, The Chemical Constitution of Respiration Ferment. An accompanying biographical sketch of Otto Heinrich Warburg, PhD, MD, is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-010-1533-z. The Classic Article is from Warburg O. The chemical constitution of respiration ferment. Science. 1928;68:437–443. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.

(2010). The Predisposition to Anxiety Part Ii. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 1075-1101.

It is now 25 years since Frieda Fromm-Reichmann died--over 30 years since she published her only book, Principles of Intensive Psychotherapy. Most of those who now attend the presentations of the annual research award of the Academy or the annual lectures of the Washington School of Psychiatry, both of which are named in her honor, never saw her. It seem appropriate to ask whether she still speaks to us today, whether in any significant way she influenced the development of what is now common practice in our field.