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2. Choices for Surgery

Author

Larré, Stéphane, Salomon, Laurent, Abbou, Claude Clément, Schlag, P. M., editor, Senn, H. -J., editor, Kleihues, P., editor, Stiefel, F., editor, Groner, B., editor, Wallgren, A., editor, Rentchnik, P., editor, Ramon, Jacob, editor, and Denis, Louis J., editor

Published
2007
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14. Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen-Technologien : Beschleunigung der Neurotechnologie zum Nutzen der Menschen

Author

Claude Clément and Claude Clément

Subjects
Biotechnology, Biomedical engineering, Neurosciences, User interfaces (Computer systems), Human-computer interaction
Abstract

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit dem Bereich der Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen (BCI) und dem einzigartigen und besonderen Umfeld aktiver Implantate, die eine elektrische Schnittstelle zum Gehirn, zum Rückenmark, zu peripheren Nerven und zu Organen bilden. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht die Heilung und Rehabilitation von Patienten mit schweren neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen, von Lähmungen bis hin zu Bewegungsstörungen und Epilepsie, die oft eine invasive Lösung auf der Grundlage eines implantierten Geräts erfordern. Frühere Errungenschaften, aktuelle Arbeiten und Zukunftsperspektiven von BCI und anderen Interaktionen zwischen medizinischen Geräten und dem menschlichen Nervensystem werden aus pragmatischer Sicht ausführlich beschrieben. gibt einen Überblick über die Branche der aktiven implantierbaren medizinischen Geräte (AIMDs) und wie sie sich von kardialen zu neurologischen Anwendungen entwickelt Klare, leicht zu lesende Darstellung des Bereichs der Neurotechnologien zum Nutzen des Menschen Bietet leicht verständliche Erklärungen zu den technischen Grenzen, den physikalischen Eigenschaften von Implantaten im menschlichen Körper und realistischen langfristigen Perspektiven

Published
2023

17. A meta-analysis of the relationship between FGFR3 and TP53 mutations in bladder cancer.

Author

Yann Neuzillet, Xavier Paoletti, Slah Ouerhani, Pierre Mongiat-Artus, Hany Soliman, Hugues de The, Mathilde Sibony, Yves Denoux, Vincent Molinie, Aurélie Herault, May-Linda Lepage, Pascale Maille, Audrey Renou, Dimitri Vordos, Claude-Clément Abbou, Ashraf Bakkar, Bernard Asselain, Nadia Kourda, Amel El Gaaied, Karen Leroy, Agnès Laplanche, Simone Benhamou, Thierry Lebret, Yves Allory, and François Radvanyi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

TP53 and FGFR3 mutations are the most common mutations in bladder cancers. FGFR3 mutations are most frequent in low-grade low-stage tumours, whereas TP53 mutations are most frequent in high-grade high-stage tumours. Several studies have reported FGFR3 and TP53 mutations to be mutually exclusive events, whereas others have reported them to be independent. We carried out a meta-analysis of published findings for FGFR3 and TP53 mutations in bladder cancer (535 tumours, 6 publications) and additional unpublished data for 382 tumours. TP53 and FGFR3 mutations were not independent events for all tumours considered together (OR = 0.25 [0.18-0.37], p = 0.0001) or for pT1 tumours alone (OR = 0.47 [0.28-0.79], p = 0.0009). However, if the analysis was restricted to pTa tumours or to muscle-invasive tumours alone, FGFR3 and TP53 mutations were independent events (OR = 0.56 [0.23-1.36] (p = 0.12) and OR = 0.99 [0.37-2.7] (p = 0.35), respectively). After stratification of the tumours by stage and grade, no dependence was detected in the five tumour groups considered (pTaG1 and pTaG2 together, pTaG3, pT1G2, pT1G3, pT2-4). These differences in findings can be attributed to the putative existence of two different pathways of tumour progression in bladder cancer: the CIS pathway, in which FGFR3 mutations are rare, and the Ta pathway, in which FGFR3 mutations are frequent. TP53 mutations occur at the earliest stage of the CIS pathway, whereas they occur would much later in the Ta pathway, at the T1G3 or muscle-invasive stage.

Published
2012
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24. Prostatectomía laparoscópica

Author

Abbou, Claude-Clément, primary, Hoznek, András, additional, Salomon, Laurent, additional, Gettman, Matthew T., additional, and Sebe, Philippe, additional

Published
2008
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42. Targets of Neuro-Technologies

Author

Claude Clément

Subjects
Cognitive science, High frequency stimulation, Computer science, Vagal nerve, education, Artificial aging, Brain–computer interface
Abstract

This chapter will enter in the details of neuro-technologies applied to BCI. The important notion of invasiveness will be discussed. Then, we will explore the various targets of neuro-technologies: the brain, spinal cord, vagal nerve, and diverse organs. Several examples of what has already been achieved will be presented. For each of the devices described in this section, we will go through the lessons learned. Understanding “who did what and how” is an important contribution to prepare the future BCI. Longer-term perspectives will rapidly be reviewed.

Published
2019
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43. Below and Above-the-Neck

Author

Claude Clément

Subjects
Skull, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Computer science, Cochlear implant, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Patient specific
Abstract

Since about five decades, active implants have been inserted in the human body, mainly for cardiac applications. The implanted electronics have traditionally been in the chest, back, or abdominal cavity. To date, the only exceptions are cochlear implants placed behind the ear, hydrocephalic shunts, and epilepsy devices (NeuroPace), all of them having their main system components placed in the head. BCI is naturally located in or around the skull. The technologies used in body implants are not always well adapted to be extended to “above-the-neck” locations. This chapter will review the ways to follow for adapting technologies to optimal skull implants. Even if BCI designers may get inspiration from traditional cardiac devices, moving above-the-neck generates unprecedented challenges.

Published
2019
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45. From Concept to Patient

Author

Claude Clément

Subjects
Risk analysis, V-Model, Risk analysis (engineering), Computer science, business.industry, Interface (Java), Market analysis, Waterfall model, Product (category theory), business, Set (psychology), Risk management
Abstract

This second chapter will enter the main purpose of this book: explain how to build the BCI of the future. The road from concept to patient is more complex than what is usually anticipated. This chapter will expose the discipline and rigor required to carry a development project all the way to the final goal: human use. Before trying to understand the targets of our technologies and the limitations induced by the human body, we will describe the general methodology leading to successful developments in the field of neuroactive medical devices. We will also point out that BCI and neuro-technologies are evolving in a special environment which must first be well understood. Important nontechnical notions, like user’s needs, product approval, and reimbursement, will be exposed to set the frame in a holistic approach.

Published
2019
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46. The Human Body: A Special Environment

Author

Claude Clément

Subjects
Scope (project management), Computer science, Electromagnetic environment, Systems engineering, Electronics, Human body, Leak testing
Abstract

This fourth chapter will put the advances of technologies in the perspective of the main barriers to their applications: the body itself. Active implantable medical devices will be described in the scope of their environment. We will cover the difficult relation between the body and intruding implants, through complex notions as biocompatibility, biostability, corrosion, sterility, and hermeticity. Moisture control, one of the cornerstones of the art of implantology, will be developed in detail. The various technologies for encapsulating implanted electronics will be described in view of patient safety and long-term applications. We will also discuss about the interactions between the implanted electronics and the electromagnetic environment, including interferences, coexistence with other devices, and MRI.

Published
2019
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49. Brain-Computer Interface Technologies : Accelerating Neuro-Technology for Human Benefit

Author

Claude Clément and Claude Clément

Subjects
Human beings, Brain-computer interfaces
Abstract

This book is about the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and the unique and special environment of active implants that electrically interface with the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and organs. At the heart of the book is the matter of repairing and rehabilitating patients suffering from severe neurologic impairments, from paralysis to movement disorders and epilepsy, that often requires an invasive solution based on an implanted device. Past achievements, current work, and future perspectives of BCI and other interactions between medical devices and the human nervous system are described in detail from a pragmatic point of view.Reviews the Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMDs) industry and how it is moving from cardiac to neuro applicationsClear, easy to read, presentation of the field of neuro-technologies for human benefitProvides easy to understand explanations about the technical limitations, the physics of implants in the human body, and realistic long terms perspectives

Published
2019

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