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1. Instrumental stability requirements for exoplanet detection with a nulling interferometer: variability noise as a central issue

Author

Alain Labèque, Pascal Bordé, Claude Valette, Frank Brachet, Olivier Absil, Alain Léger, Bruno Chazelas, Marc Ollivier, Bertrand Mennesson, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Atom interferometer, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Noise (electronics), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Exoplanet, Metrology, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Interferometry, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Darwin (spacecraft), Business and International Management, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; We revisit the nulling interferometer performances that are needed for direct detection and the spectroscopic analysis of exoplanets, e.g., with the DARWIN [European Space Agency-SCI 12 (2000)] or TPF-I [JPL Publ. 05-5, (2005)] missions. Two types of requirement are found, one concerning the mean value of the instrumental nulling function and another regarding its stability. The stress is usually put on the former. It is stringent at short wavelengths but somewhat relaxed at longer wavelengths. The latter, which we call the variability noise condition, does not usually receive enough attention. It is required regardless of telescope size and stellar distance. The results from three nulling experiments performed in laboratories around the world are reported and compared with the requirements. All three exhibit 1/f noise that is incompatible with the performances required by the mission. As pointed out by Lay [Appl. Opt. 43, 6100-6123 (2004)], this stability problem is not fully solved by modulation techniques. Adequate solutions must be found that are likely to include servo systems using the stellar signal itself as a reference and internal metrology with high stability.

Published
2006

2. Study of the polarization effects in a Nulling interferometer: Design consequences

Author

Bruno Chazelas, Claude Valette, Yves Rabbia, Frank Brachet, Jean Gay, Alain Labque, Alain Lger, Yuying Longval, Marc Ollivier, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Interferometry, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, business, Polarization (waves), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

3. The Nulltimate project: building and testing, at low temperature, achromatic phase shifters to prepare the Darwin mission

Author

Bruno Chazelas, Thierry Lépine, Claude Valette, Frank Brachet, Philippe Blache, Alain Léger, Christian Commeaux, Marc Ollivier, Alain Labèque, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Test bench, Spacecraft, business.industry, Computer science, Frame (networking), Context (language use), Exoplanet, law.invention, Achromatic lens, law, Planet, Systems engineering, Darwin (spacecraft), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business, Phase shift module, Simulation
Abstract

In the context of the Darwin mission, aiming to detect terrestrial extrasolar planets, European Space Administration (ESA) has an R&D program trying to solve the crucial problems, like flotilla spacecraft control, optical spatial filtering, etc... One of the key optical devices of this mission will be Achromatic Phase Shifter (APS) able to accurately provide a 180° phase shift in the IR 6 - 18 microns range. The Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS) is leading, in the frame of an ESA granted contract, an European consortium of 9 universities and companies, named Nulltimate, aiming to develop and test three different APS. IAS itself is in charge of the cryogenic test bench facility which is presented here.

Published
2004

4. Opto-thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of three different concepts of infrared achromatic phase shifters

Author

Bruno Chazelas, Claude Valette, Thierry Lepine, Marc Barillot, Frank Brachet, Sebatien Dervaux, Francois Fressin, Jean Gay, Gregory Gadret, Alain Labeque, Alain Leger, Ralph Launhardt, Jacques Mangin, Dimitri Mawet, Marc Ollivier, Yves Rabbia, Elke Schmidt, Traub, Wesley A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
Physics, Test bench, Computer simulation, business.industry, Phase (waves), law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, Achromatic lens, law, Darwin (spacecraft), Focus (optics), business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Phase shift module
Abstract

The Darwin/TPF mission aims at detecting directly extra solar planets. It is based on the nulling interferometry, concept proposed by Bracewell in 1978, and developed since 1995 in several European and American laboratories. One of the key optical devices for this technique is the achromatic phase shifter (APS). This optical component is designed to produce a π phase shift over the whole Darwin spectral range (i.e. 6-18 μm), and will be experimentally tested on the NULLTIMATE consortium nulling test bench (Labeque et al). Three different concepts of APS are being simulated: dispersive plates focus crossing and field reversal. In this paper, we show how thermal, mechanical and optical models are merged into a single robust model, allowing a global numerical simulation of the optical component performances. We show how these simulations help us to optimizing the design and present results of the numerical model.

Published
2004

5. Nulling interferometry for the Darwin Mission: polychromatic laboratory test bench

Author

Frank Brachet, Alain Labèque, B. Pellet, Marc Ollivier, Alain Léger, Thierry Lépine, Veronique Hervier, Claude Lizambert, Bruno Chazelas, Claude Valette, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, Test bench, business.industry, Laser, Exoplanet, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, Achromatic lens, law, Astronomical interferometer, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], High dynamic range
Abstract

The Darwin mission is a project of the European Space Agency that should allow around 2015 the search for extrasolar planets and a spectral analysis of their potential atmospheres in order to detect gases and particularly tracers of life. The basic concept of the instrument is a Bracewell nulling interferometer. It allows high angular resolution and high dynamic range. However, this concept, proposed 25 years ago, is very difficult to implement with high rejection factor and has to be demonstrated in laboratory before being applied in space. Theoretical and numerical approaches of the question highlight strong difficulties : - The need for very clean and homogeneous wavefronts, in terms of intensity, phase and polarisation distribution ; - The need for achromatic optical devices working in a wide spectral range (typically 6 to 18 microns for the space mission). A solution to the first point is the optical filtering which has been successfully experimentally demonstrated at 10 microns using a single mode laser. We focus now on the second point and operate a test bench working in the near infrared, where the background constraints are reduced. We present this test bench and the first encouraging results in the 2-4 microns spectral range. We particularly focus on recent optical developments concerning achromatic component, and particularly the beam combiners and the phase shifter, which are keypoints of the nulling interferometry principle. Finally, we present the future of this experimental demonstration, in the thermal infrared, covering the real and whole spectral range of Darwin.

Published
2004

6. A New Family of Planets ? Öcean Planets\'

Author

Alain Labèque, Helmut Lammer, Claude Valette, D. Despois, Marc Ollivier, Frank Brachet, Dimitri Mawet, Christophe Sotin, Franck Selsis, Bruno Chazelas, Tristan Guillot, Alain Léger, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), and arXiv, Import

Subjects
Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics, Space exploration, Exoplanet, Physics::Geophysics, Astrobiology, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Biosignature, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Darwin (spacecraft), Ocean planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary mass
Abstract

A new family of planets is considered which is between rochy terrestrial planets and gaseous giant ones: "Ocean-Planets". We present the possible formation, composition and internal models of these putative planets, including that of their ocean, as well as their possible Exobiology interest. These planets should be detectable by planet detection missions such as Eddington and Kepler, and possibly COROT (lauch scheduled in 2006). They would be ideal targets for spectroscopic missions such as Darwin/TPF., 15 pages, 3 figures submitted to Icarus notes (10 july 2003)

Published
2004

7. New polychromatic testbed for DARWIN/TPF nulling interferometer laboratory demonstration

Author

Alain Labèque, Marc Ollivier, Thierry Lépine, Veronique Hervier, Claude Lizambert, Frank Brachet, Claude Valette, Alain Léger, and Predrag Sekulic

Subjects
Physics, Interferometry, Test bench, Optics, business.industry, Optical engineering, Testbed, Astronomical interferometer, Spectral bands, business, Exoplanet, Space exploration
Abstract

Several concept of space missions dedicated to the direct detection and analysis of extrasolar planets are based on nulling interferometry principle. This principle, which is theoretically very promising requires the capability of propagating and combining beams with very high accuracy in term of amplitude phase and polarization. In order to validate the principle of nulling interferometry, it is necessary to develop laboratory techniques of recombination. In this paper, we present a new test bench that should allow measuring rejection rate up to 105 in a large spectral band between 2 and 4 microns.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2003

8. La musicologie au CNRS

Author

Eliane Daphy, Jean-Louis Lebrave, Bernard Lortat-Jacob, Hugo Zemp, Geneviève Dournon, Gilbert Rouget, Simha Arom, Jacques Coget, Annie Bélis, Denise Jourdan-Hemmerdinger, Claire Maître, François Reynaud, François Vaccaro, Christian Meyer, Marc Honneger, Monique Rollin, Hélène Charnassé, Bernard Stepien, Joannis Kanellos, Jacques Thuillez, Marie-Thérèse Bouquet Boyer, Jean Duron, Catherine Massip, Jean-Claude Risset, Michèle Castellengo, Xavier Boutillion, Claude Valette, Nicole Scotto Di Carlo, Jean-Dominique Polack, Xavier Meynial, Hughes Dufourt, Joël-Marie Fouquet, Pierre Lusson, Jacques Roubaud, Jacques Cheyronnaud, Gérard Darmon, Pierre Bonniffet, Michel Noiray, Laboratoire d'anthropologie urbaine (LAU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jeune équipe Anthropologie urbaine, Département SHS, Laboratoire d'ethnomusicologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Langues et civilisations à tradition orale (LACITO), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes (IRHT), Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance UMR 7323 (CESR), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musique ete société dans les sociétés germaniques, Laboratoire de recherches sur les arts du spectacle (LARAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Equipe ERATTO (CNRS), Computer Sciences Departement, Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), Département Réseaux, Sécurité et Multimédia (RSM), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Conservatoire national de musique, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre d'étude de la langue et des littératures françaises des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (CELLFXXS), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atelier d'études et de recherches du centre de musique baroque de Versailles (AERCMBV), Institut de recherche sur le patrimoine musical en France (IRPMF), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'acoustique musicale (LAM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de phonétique, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM), Groupe de recherche Théorie générale du rythme et de ses applications, PARIS, Centre d'ethnologie française (CEF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Daphy, Éliane, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Centre d'étude de la langue et des littératures françaises des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (CELLF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles (CMBV), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SPI.ACOU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, lutherie, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, [SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, musicologie, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.CLASS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, acoustique, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies
Abstract

SOMMAIRE Editorial. Une appropriation intellectuelle du patrimoine culturelpar Jean-Louis Lebrave : 3 MUSIQUE DES PEUPLES Les grandes tendances de l'ethnomusicologie moderne ; L'Ecole du Musée de l'Homme par Bernard Lortat-Jacob : 4-5 Un patrimoine musical en disques compacts par Hugo Zemp : 6- 7 La collection musicale d'instruments du Musée de l'Homme par Geneviève Dournon : 7-8 Musique et royauté en Afrique par Gilbert Rouget : 9-10 Une modélisation des musiques de tradition orale Simha Arom :11-13 Dans les églises de campagne au début du siècle par Jacques Cheyronnaud : 14-15 Cloches, grelots, sonnailles: l'homme, l'animal et la musique par Jacques Coget : 16-17 MÉMOIRE DE LA MUSIQUE OCCIDENTALE Les hymnes à Apollon recréés par Annie Belis : 18 Les airs de la Grèce antique par Denise Jourdan-Hemmerdinger : 19 Les secrets des neumes, par Claire Maitre : 20-21 La polyphonie tolédane au XVIème siècle par François Reynaud : 22 La Renaissance européenne par Jean-Michel Vaccarro 22-23 Les pays germaniques à l'aube des temps modernes par Christian Meyer et Marc Honneger 24 Le corpus des luthistes français par Monique Rollin : 25 Comment transcrire automatiquement la musique codée par Hélène Charnassé, Bernard Stepien, Joannis Kanellos : 26-27 La conservation et la transmission du patrimoine par Jacques Thuillier : 28-29 La littérature musicale par Centre d'études de la langue : 30 Le centre de musique baroque de Versailles par Jean Duron : 31-32 Le répertoire international des sources musicales par Catherine Massip : 33 LES RECHERCHES CONTEMPORAINES Ordinateur et création par Jean-Claude Risset : 34-35 Pour renouveler l'étude des instruments et de la voix par Michelle Castellengo, Xavier Boutillion et Claude Valette : 36-37 De l'influence du torticolis sur l'expression lyrique par Nicole Scotto di Carlo : 38-39 Un micro pour Carmen... par Eliane Daphy : 40-41 L'acoustique des salles par Jean-Dominique Polack, Xavier Meynial : 42-44 Une sociopolitique de la musique par Hughes Dufourt et Joël-Marie Fouquet : 45-46 A la recherche d'une théorie générale par Pierre Lusson et Jacques Roubaud : 47

Published
1991

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