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As estimativas de parâmetros genéticos permitem mensurar a variabilidade genética existente em uma população e, associadas às análises de correlações, constituem uma das etapas iniciais em um programa de melhoramento genético para quaisquer culturas. Objetivou-se estimar os parâmetros genéticos e correlações de caracteres agronômicos de nove genótipos de girassol cultivados sob condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido norte mineiro. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: stand, altura de planta, data de floração inicial e da maturação fisiológica, curvatura do caule, tamanho do capítulo, massa de mil aquênios e produtividade. Os resultados demonstraram que correlações positivas e significativas foram encontradas entre variáveis de interesse agronômico, tais como altura de planta, massa de mil aquênios e produtividade, correlações que, aliadas à alta herdabilidade encontrada para os caracteres analisados, sugerem o valor fenotípico como uma medida confiável para a seleção de genótipos superiores.

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The sunflower has adaptation for cultivation in Brazilian conditions and the main product is the oil extracted from the seeds. This study aimed to verify the impacts of meteorological attributes on agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes cultivated as a second crop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD), cultivating the two sunflower genotypes, M734 and Hélio, in three years (2009, 2011, 2012) with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, capitulum diameter, weight of a thousand achenes, yield of achenes, oil content and oil yield. Then, water deficit and the maximum crop yield are estimated for correlation analysis between meteorological attributes and agronomic characteristics. In both genotypes studied there was a very strong correlation between plant height with evapotranspiration (r=0.99*) and very strong negative correlation (r=-0.99*) with water deficit. For mass of a thousand achenes, there was a very strong negative correlation with the maximum (r=-0.98*) and minimum (r=-0.96*) temperatures, and with evapotranspiration (r=-0.98*) in the Helio 358. In addition, effect of the water deficit on the oil yield (r=-0.98*) was verified for the same genotype. Very strong negative correlation was found between maximum temperature and oil content (r=-0.96*) in genotype M734. In sunflower cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, water deficit reduces plant height, capitulum diameter and oil yield. The oil content of the achenes reduces when the maximum temperature increases, during the cultivation. For those reasons, the use of sunflower genotypes with shorter cycles and the earlier sowing could benefit the crop developing, by suiting the management, to avoid unfavorable climatic conditions that can cause reduction in production parameters.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the proline content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars, in the conditions of natural water deficit in the Brazilian semiarid region. Thirteen cultivars were sown in experiments set in three sites in the Brazilian Northeast. Proline content was determined on leaves from plants at the R4-R5 stage. Significant differences among cultivars occurred only where water availability was lower. Proline averages ranged from 3.47 to 17.41 μg g-1. The sunflower cultivars BRS387, BRS323, and BRS324 showed the greatest proline contents with 54.74, 46.27, and 35.16 μg g-1, respectively. These are the cultivars that accumulate more proline under conditions of a severe water deficit.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a severidade da Mancha-de-alternária de genótipos de girassol em ambientes do Cerrado do Distrito Federal. Três experimentos foram avaliados, dois na Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF) e um localizado na Embrapa Cerrados, no Centro de Inovação em Genética Vegetal – CIGV, Fazenda Sucupira, (Riacho Fundo II, DF). Foram feitas análises ao longo do ciclo da cultura com um intervalo de 15 dias, sendo a primeira aos 35 dias após emergência. Cada planta foi analisada em três partes: terço inferior, terço médio e terço superior. Ao final de cada experimento, a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) foi calculada para cada genótipo. De acordo com os resultados observados, o ambiente de sequeiro na Embrapa Cerrados, que deteve a maior média da severidade da doença, entre os ambientes avaliados. Dentre os genótipos avaliados, MG 360 mostrou menor severidade da doença no sequeiro e AGUARA 06 no irrigado da Embrapa Cerrados. O genótipo G 42 no CIGV, se destacou pela menor severidade do fungo. Houve influência significativa do ambiente nos resultados de severidade da doença, que está estreitamente relacionada com os fatores climáticos como temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar. A compreensão dessas condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do fungo é essencial quando se avalia a resistência em genótipos de girassol.

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This work aimed to present the optimum environment number methodology and propose the optimization of the National Sunflower Trials Network, by means of the environments exclusion that do not provide loss of the environmental variability already established. Grain and oil yield data of 16 genotypes evaluated at 16 environments of the National Sunflower Trials Network, obtained from trials conducted out-of-season in 2012 and 2013 were used. An analysis was proposed to establish the optimum environment number for genotypes evaluation, based on genotype performance in the various environmental combinations. The removal or maintenance of environments in the experimental network was dynamic, since different environmental combinations impacted the representativeness of the complete network in a different way. This analysis also provides a graphical view of the impact of the environment removal from the network. Once detected points below the established correlation, the researcher could infer about the network minimum environment number and, suggest through consistent information of several testing years, the environment exclusion.

The continuous soybean-maize crop succession in the tropical region of Brazil has led to significant increases in the population size of root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) and root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus brachyurus), which make soils unsuitable for soybean cropping. A greenhouse study was conducted to identify sunflower genotypes adapted to the tropical region of Brazil and that are resistant to M. incognita, M. javanica and/or P. brachyurus. Two experiments for each nematode were conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Gall index was calculated from visual scores (0–5) of gall intensity on roots for the root-knot nematode. Initial and final population density and reproduction factor were also measured for each nematode. Sunflower genotypes varied in resistance to the nematodes. Sunflower hybrids BRS 321 and BRS 323 were resistant to M. javanica and P. brachyurus and exhibited low gall index for M. incognita. The cultivars are good alternatives to using in the succession of soybean in nematode-infested areas of the tropical regions of Brazil. No sunflower genotype was identified as resistant to M. incognita and thus sunflower cropping is not indicated in areas infested with this nematode.

Helianthus annus L. belongs to the family Asteraceae, with a yearly cycle and high adaptability rate to different climate conditions. Its culture was boosted by the production of animal feed, oil extraction for humans or for biodiesel, ornamentation and bird feed. The agronomic performance of sunflower genotypes in the Mid-Northern region of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, was assessed. Data for the production and industrial sectors will be thus provided for the selection of genotypes with the best agronomic traits when cultivated in the region. Current study was performed at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, on the Campus Campo Novo do Parecis MT Brazil, during 2018. Eight genotypes were evaluated in assays with randomized blocks and four replications. Evaluated traits comprised days for initial florescence, plant height, stalk diameter, green and dry mass, days for physiological maturity, mean diameter of the head, mass of head and achenes per head, both necessary to obtain achene:head ratio, mass of one thousand achenes, number of achenes per head and productivity of achenes of the oil. Genotypes with high grain yield tended towards greater size and cycle. Genotypes SYN 045, BRS 323 and MULTISSOL had good grain productivity plus good production of green and dry mass. The first two genotypes had an oil rate above 40%, with good oil productivity.

Precision in sowing is an important strategy for increasing agricultural yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed distribution mechanisms and sowing speeds on characteristics of sunflower. The experiment was set in March 2015 in São José do Rio Claro, state of Mato Grosso (Brazil). The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with two seed distribution mechanisms (perforated and pneumatic disc) and five sowing speeds (4; 6; 8; 10 and 12 km h-1) with four repetitions. The vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the sunflower were evaluated and also the double, faulty and acceptable spacing were evaluated to observe the homogeneity of seed distribution through the sowers. Regardless of the seed distribution mechanism, the rise in the sowing speed caused a reduction in plant population by changing plant height, head height, head mass, achene mass per head, mass of one thousand achenes and head diameter. The perforated disk distribution mechanism showed the best performance in acceptable spacings and the pneumatic one provided a greater guarantee of the desired plant population. The different distribution mechanisms, as well as different sowing speeds, did not influence achenes yield. The farmer should be aware of the speed of sowing adopted in his sunflower crop, as increasing speeds may affect uniform seed distribution as well as plant development.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar métodos de adaptabilidade e a estabilidade como critérios de seleção para cultivares de trigo no Paraná. Os dados de rendimento de grãos foram obtidos de ensaios de Valor de Cultivo e Uso, avaliados em 44 ambientes distribuídos em diferentes locais e época de semeadura. O estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foi realizado com base nos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), de Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998), de Porto, Carvalho e Pinto (2007) e de Rocha et al. (2005). Os métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998) e o método de Porto, Carvalho e Pinto (2007) apresentaram resultados similares. Estes métodos foram superiores ao método de Rocha et al. (2005), que foi pouco rigoroso no processo seletivo. O método de Porto, Carvalho e Pinto (2007) teve a vantagem de simplificar as análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de genotipos de girassol resistentes a herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas em cultivos de segunda safra quanto ao rendimento de graos e de oleo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em seis Estados e no Distrito Federal nas safrinhas de 2009 e 2010. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Diferentes metodos foram utilizados para a analise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os metodos de Lin & Binns modificados por Carneiro, Rocha et al. e Porto et al., mostraram resultados similares. O genotipo ALBISOL 20CL apresentou adaptabilidade geral para rendimento de oleo e o genotipo HLA 211CL apresentou adaptabilidade especifica para ambientes favoraveis tanto para rendimento de graos quanto para rendimento de oleo. O metodo de Porto et al. indicou, para ambientes favoraveis, o genotipo ALBISOL 20 CL quanto ao rendimento de graos. O metodo de Eberhart & Russell foi similar aos outros tres metodos somente na classificacao do genotipo ALBISOL 20CL. Os dois genotipos avaliados mostraram estabilidade toleravel. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of sunflower genotypes resistant to the imidazolinone herbicides on crops as second crop, related to their grain and oil yield. The assays were conducted in six states and the Federal District in 2009 and 2010. The experimental design was randomized block design with four replications. Different methods were used to analyze the stability and adaptability. The methods of Lin & Binns modified by Carneiro, Rocha et al. and Porto et al. showed similar results. The genotype ALBISOL 20CL presented general adaptability for oil yield and the HLA genotype 211CL showed specific adaptability to favorable environments for grain and oil yield. For grain yield, the method of Porto et al. indicated the genotype ALBISOL 20 CL to favorable environments. The method of Eberhart & Russell was similar to the other three methods only in the classification of genotype ALBISOL 20CL. The two genotypes showed tolerable stability.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a very important crop for Brazil, and especially for Chapada do Parecis which is the largest domestic producer, because of its climate and soil conditions are adequate to the development of the specie. The performance of cultivars and sunflower seed sowing periods were evaluated in Central Brazil. Experimental design comprised an 8 x 5 factorial randomized complete block, with eight sunflower cultivars (Aguará 06, Aguará 04, MG 305, CF 101, SYN 3950HO, SYN 045, GNZ NEON and HELIO 251) and five decennial seeding periods, with three replicates. Analysis of variance and Scott-Knott´s test (p

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas de híbridos de girassol adaptados à segunda safra e determinar as correlações entre elas. Testaram-se 15 híbridos - dois alto oleicos e 13 não alto oleicos (híbridos tradicionais) -, além de um híbrido como testemunha. Um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso foi utilizado com quatro repetições, e as semeaduras foram feitas em 2013 e 2014. As características avaliadas foram as seguintes: dias para a maturação fisiológica, altura de planta, produtividade de grãos, teor de óleo e produtividade de óleo. As maiores produtividades de grãos ocorreram em híbridos que não são nem precoces nem de porte mais baixo. A correlação entre produtividade de grãos e produtividade de óleo foi positiva e significativa; no entanto, as correlações entre teor de óleo e essas duas características não foram significativas. Os híbridos de girassol 'Syn 045' e 'Syn 3950A' (alto oleico) se destacaram, na segunda safra, quanto à produtividade de grãos e de óleo. O híbrido 'CF 101' - ciclo precoce - apresenta boa produtividade de grãos e de óleo e, portanto, é a opção adequada para a semeadura tardia na segunda safra. Assim, estão disponíveis híbridos de girassol adaptados e com características adequadas ao cultivo de segunda safra e às demandas do mercado. Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits of sunflower hybrids adapted to second crop and to determine the correlations between them. Fifteen hybrids were tested - two high-oleic and 13 non high-oleic ones (traditional hybrids) -, besides one hybrid used as a check. A randomized complete block experimental design was carried out with four replicates, and sowings were done in 2013 and 2014. The evaluated traits were the following: days to physiological maturity, plant height, grain yield, oil content, and oil yield. The higher grain yields occurred in hybrids that are neither of early cycles nor of shorter stems. The correlation between grain yield and oil yield was positive and significant; however, the correlations between oil content and these two traits were not significant. The 'Syn 045' and 'Syn 3950A' sunflower hybrids (high-oleic) stood out, in the second season, both for grain yield and oil yield. The 'CF 101' hybrid - early cycle - shows good grain and oil yield, and, therefore, it is an appropriate option for late sowing in the second season. Thus, adapted sunflower hybrids with appropriate traits are available for second season cropping and to meet market demands.

The influence of temperature on the fatty acid composition of the oils from conventional and high oleic sunflower genotypes grown in tropical regions was evaluated under various environmental conditions in Brazil (from 0° S to 23° S). The amounts of the oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids from the sunflower oil were determined using gas chromatography (GC). The environment exhibited little influence on the amounts of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in high oleic genotypes of sunflower. In conventional genotypes, there was broad variation in the average amounts of these two fatty acids, mainly as a function of the minimum temperature. Depending on the temperature, especially during the maturation of the seeds, the amount of oleic acid in the oil of conventional sunflower genotypes could exceed 70 %. Higher temperatures led to average increases of up to 35 % for this fatty acid. Although the minimum temperature had the strongest effect on the fatty acid composition, locations at the same latitude with different minimum temperatures displayed similar values for both oleic acid and linoleic acid. Furthermore, minimum temperature had little influence on the amounts of palmitic and stearic fatty acids in the oil.

Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy data from sunflower seeds of genotypes differing in oleic and linoleic fatty acid contents were evaluated by discriminant analysis. A single husked seed was used for spectral analysis of each genotype. We applied two clustering strategies to discriminate the genotypes. First, we fit three calibration curves for high oleic × low oleic, high oleic × mid-oleic and mid-oleic × low oleic genotype-derived fatty acids. Next, we fit just one curve to all these three groups. All these curves were established using principal component analysis. The clustering precision was determined by d, the Mahalanobis distance between the genotype and the closest group, and D, the distance up to the next group. The spectral range used for calibration was 1,651–1,952 nm. The genotypes were well classified when d was close to one and the ratio D/d was close to or higher than two. The discriminant analysis allowed the classification of the high oleic and mid-oleic genotypes even though they had similar signals in gas chromatography (GC). Although both clustering strategies were similar, the first one allowed a better discrimination between the mid-oleic and low oleic genotypes.

The aim of this experiment was to calibrate the NIR spectroscopy equation to evaluate the oil content of sunflower seeds from different genotypes produced under different environmental conditions in Brazil. The spectra of 901 standard samples obtained from 88 hybrids and 116 lines, which were evaluated in 11 locations, were collected from intact seeds (achenes) and correlated with data generated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The calibration was determined by linear regression using partial least squares to estimate the parameters. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of calibration (SEC) and the standard error of performance (SEP). The wavelengths ranging from 1319 to 1760 nm were selected for the calibration. The R2 was 0.87, the SEC was 2.39, and the SEP was 1.97. The oil content values obtained for the 19 hybrid seeds analyzed by NIR spectroscopy that were not included in the calibration were similar to the values obtained using the chemical method. The similarities between the values obtained using both methods and the R2, SEC and SEP values indicated that it is possible to establish a calibration equation using NIR spectroscopy to determine the oil contents of sunflower seeds produced under Brazilian field conditions. RESUMO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer uma equação de calibração pela análise da espectroscopia de NIR para a avaliação dos teores de óleo em sementes de genótipos de girassol obtidas em condições ambientais brasileiras. Os espectros de 901 amostras padrões, provenientes de 88 híbridos e 116 linhagens avaliados em 11 localidades, foram coletados de aquênios intactos e correlacionados com os valores de óleo obtidos por análise de ressonância magnética nuclear. A equação de calibração foi determinada por regressão linear, cujos parâmetros foram estimados pelo método de mínimos quadrados parciais. A precisão foi verificada pelo coeficiente de determinação (R2), erro padrão de calibração (SEC) e pelo erro padrão de desempenho (SEP). A região de comprimento de onda entre 1319 e 1760 nm foi selecionada para a calibração. O R2 foi 0,87, o SEC foi 2,39 e o SEP foi de 1,97. Adicionalmente, a análise do teor de óleo pelo NIR de 19 híbridos não incluídos na calibração foi similar aos valores obtidos no método químico padrão. Esta similaridade e os valores de R2, SEC e SEP possibilitaram inferir que é possível estabelecer uma equação de calibração pela espectroscopia de NIR para a avaliação do teor de óleo em sementes de genótipos de girassol cultivados em condições ambientais brasileiras.

– The objective of this work was to establish a calibration equation and to estimate the efficiency of near?infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for evaluating rapeseed oil content in Southern Brazil. Spectral data from 124 half?sib families were correlated with oil contents determined by the chemical method. The accuracy of the equation was verified by coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92, error of calibration (SEC) of 0.78, and error of performance (SEP) of 1.22. The oil content of ten genotypes, which were not included in the calibration with NIR, was similar to the one obtained by the standard chemical method. NIR spectroscopy is adequate to differentiate oil content of rapeseed genotypes. RESUMO – O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma equação de calibração e estimar a eficiência da espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo (NIR), para avaliar o teor de óleo em sementes de canola, no Sul do Brasil. Informações espectrais de 124 famílias de meio?irmãos foram correlacionadas com os teores de óleo determinados pelo método químico. A precisão da equação foi verificada por coeficiente de determinação (R2) de 0,92, erro de calibração (SEC) de 0,78 e erro de desempenho (SEP) de 1,22. O teor de óleo de dez genótipos, não incluídos na calibração por NIR, foi similar ao obtido pelo método químico padrão. A espectroscopia NIR é adequada para diferenciar teores de óleo de genótipos de canola.

Macrophomina phaseolina has been considered one of the most prevalent soybean (Glycine max) pathogens in Brazil. No genetic resistance has been determined in soybean and very little is known about the genetic diversity of this pathogen in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Fifty-five isolates from soybean roots were collected in different regions and analyzed through RAPD for genetic diversity. The UPGMA cluster analysis for 74 loci scored permitted identification of three divergent groups with an average similarity of 99%, 92% and 88%, respectively. The three groups corresponded to 5.45%, 59.95% and 34.6%, respectively of all isolates used. A single plant had three different haplotypes, while 10.9% of the analyzed plants had two different haplotypes. In another study the genetic similarity was evaluated among isolates from different hosts [soybean, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)] as well as two soil samples from native areas. Results showed that more divergent isolates originated from areas with a single crop. Isolates from areas with crop rotation were less divergent, showing high similarity values and consequently formed the largest group. Amplification of the ITS region using primers ITS1 and ITS4 produced only one DNA fragment of 620 bp. None of the isolates were differentiated through PCR-RFLP. Our results demonstrated genetic variability among Brazilian isolates of M. phaseolina and showed that one single root can harbor more than one haplotype. Moreover, cultivation with crop rotation tends to induce less specialization of the pathogen isolates. Knowledge of this variation may be useful in screening soybean genotypes for resistance to charcoal rot.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir classificações de coeficientes de variação para produtividade e altura da planta de soja. Os dados foram obtidos de ensaios intermediários e finais realizados nos estados do Paraná e do Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas classificações distintas para cada localização e ciclo reprodutivo. Considerando-se a média e o desvio-padrão dos coeficientes de variação obtidos das análises de variância dos ensaios, os coeficientes foram classificados como baixo, médio, alto e muito alto. Uma classificação adicional foi feita utilizando a mediana e o pseudo-sigma, em substituição à média e ao desvio-padrão, respectivamente. A classificação dos coeficientes de variação dependeu do caráter e da localização, mas não variou muito em razão do ciclo reprodutivo. Os critérios adotados (média e desvio-padrão ou mediana e pseudo-sigma) foram semelhantes (independentemente da distribuição dos coeficientes de variação) e satisfatórios para determinar a precisão experimental. O limite máximo de coeficiente de variação aceitável para produtividade é de 16% e para altura da planta é de 12%. The objective of this work was to define categories for the coefficients of variation obtained in soybean plant height and yield. The experimental data were obtained in intermediary and final (regional) adaptation trials carried out in the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso. Different categories were established for each State and maturity group. Taking the mean and the standard deviation of the coefficients of variation obtained from the analyses of variance of the experiments, the coefficients of variation were classified as low, average, high and very high. An additional classification was made using the median and pseudo-sigma as substitutes for mean and standard deviation, respectively. The classification for the coefficients of variation depended on the trait and the location but did not vary greatly for each maturity group. The adopted criteria (mean and standard deviation or median and pseudo-sigma) were similar (regardless of the coefficient of variation distribution), and satisfactory in determining the experimental accuracy. The maximum acceptable limits for coefficient of variation are 16% and 12% for yield and plant height, respectively.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram conhecer o grau de representatividade dos locais no Estado do Paraná, onde são conduzidos os ensaios de avaliação final de produtividade de linhagens de soja no período 1990/2000 e realizar estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade das linhagens no ano agrícola 1999/2000. As linhagens testadas pertencem aos grupos de maturação precoce, semiprecoce e médio. Verificaram-se padrões de similaridade de resposta das linhagens dos três grupos de maturação, em alguns locais, em todos ou na maioria dos anos testados. Esses padrões dependeram do grupo de maturação. Contudo, as avaliações em Londrina/Cambé, Campo Mourão, Guarapuava/Mariópolis e Sertaneja foram sempre indicadas. O local Ponta Grossa - 1 foi útil na discriminação de linhagens do grupo precoce, e Ponta Grossa - 2, dos grupos semiprecoce e médio. O estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade revelou que as linhagens precoces BR95-7613, BRS 137, OC95-3006 e CD96-518 tiveram bom desempenho produtivo, adaptabilidade geral e previsibilidade. A linhagem semiprecoce BR96-25619 mostrou a maior produtividade, tanto em ambientes favoráveis como nos desfavoráveis, e pode ser indicada como tendo adaptabilidade geral. Outras linhagens semiprecoces de bom desempenho, como BR96-18710 e BRS 154, são indicadas para ambientes favoráveis e geral (ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis), respectivamente. As linhagens OC95-3194, BR96-12086 e BR96-16185, do grupo de maturação médio, destacam-se nos ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis. The objectives of this work were to study the representability of selected locations in the Paraná State, Brazil, used to carry out the final yield trials on soybean lines in the period 1990/2000 and to perform a stability and adaptability study on the soybean lines evaluated in 1999/2000. In the trials, the breeding lines are classified as early maturity group, semi-early maturity group and medium maturity group. Similar response patterns of lines from the different maturity groups were observed in some locations, for all or most of the evaluated years. These patterns depended on the maturity group. However, trials in Londrina/Cambé, Campo Mourão, Guarapuava/Mariópolis and Sertaneja were frequently indicated. The place in Ponta Grossa - 1 was efficient to discriminate early maturity lines, and in Ponta Grossa - 2, for semi-early and medium maturity lines. The stability and adaptability analyses showed that the early lines BR95-7613, BRS 137, OC95-3006 and CD96-518 are high yielding, with general adaptability and good predictability of response. The semi-early line BR96-25619 showed the highest yielding performance in both favorable and unfavorable environments and can be indicated as having a general adaptability. Other semi-early lines with good performance, such as BR96-18710 and BRS 154, can be indicated to favorable and general (favorable and unfavorable) environments, respectively. The medium maturity lines OC95-3194, BR96-12086 and BR96-16185 showed good performance in both favorable and unfavorable environments.

A associação entre a produtividade e outras características da planta identifica caracteres para uso na seleção indireta para produtividade. A produtividade da soja é muito influenciada pelo fotoperíodo e pela temperatura, e a semeadura fora de época acarreta redução na produtividade. Os programas de melhoramento procuram desenvolver cultivares adaptadas a um período mais amplo de semeadura. No Brasil, entretanto, não há estudos sobre as inter-relações entre a produtividade e algumas características de importância agronômica da soja (dias para maturação, altura da planta no florescimento e número de nós da haste principal), em um período mais amplo de semeadura (setembro a dezembro). Este trabalho procura quantificar essas relações e identificar possíveis critérios de seleção indireta em relação à produtividade, avaliando linhas puras derivadas dos cruzamentos entre BR85-29009, FT-2, BR-13 e OCEPAR-8. O delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os estudos de correlações e análise de trilha revelaram que a influência das características sobre a produtividade dependeu do cruzamento, da época de semeadura, e do ano. As correlações fenotípicas e genotípicas entre as características e a produtividade foram essencialmente positivas. As análises de trilha mostraram que dias para maturação e altura da planta no florescimento, individualmente, ou a combinação dias para maturação, altura da planta no florescimento e número de nós em um índice, podem auxiliar na seleção quanto à produtividade. A contribuição dos dois primeiros caracteres para o aumento na produtividade foi maior em semeaduras realizadas em novembro e outubro, respectivamente. The association between yield and other plant traits can be used for breeding purposes. Soybean yield is highly influenced by photoperiod and temperature and sowing outside the ideal date range usually results in yield loss. In general, plant breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with wide adaptation to planting dates. However, in Brazil, there are no reports on the association between yield and some important agronomic traits (days to maturity, plant height at flowering and number of trifoliolate nodes) related to adaptation to a wider sowing date period (September to December). This work seeks to establish and quantify these relationships aiming to identify an indirect criteria for yield selection in soybean, analyzing random inbred lines derived from the crosses between the FT-2, BR-13 and OCEPAR-8 cultivars and the BR85-29009 advanced line. A completely randomized design was used. The correlation and path analyses showed that the relationships between yield and the other traits varied according to the cross, sowing date and year. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations between them were essentially positive. The path analyses showed that days to maturity and plant height at flowering can, individually, help in the selection of higher yielding materials, specially in November and October. Also, an index combining days to maturity, height at flowering and number of trifoliolate nodes can contribute to yield selection.

O óleo de sementes de genótipos convencionais de girassol apresenta, geralmente, teores de 55 a 65% de ácido graxo linoleico, que pode reduzir o colesterol plasmático total e a fração LDL-colesterol, além de reduzir os riscos de doenças cardiovasculares. Além dos convencionais, genótipos mutantes têm sido obtidos com teores superiores a 80% de ácido graxo oleico, cujo óleo possui maior estabilidade na fritura, além de trazer benefícios à saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar métodos e avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de rendimento de grãos e de óleo de genótipos de girassol convencional e alto oleico na Região Sul do Brasil, uma das regiões promissoras para o seu cultivo. Os dados dos componentes de rendimento foram obtidos entre 2008 e 2010, de ensaios conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em diferentes locais dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e do Paraná. O estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foi feito por meio dos métodos Eberhart e Russell, Rocha et al., Lin e Binns modificado por Carneiro, Annicchiarico, e Porto, Carvalho e Pinto. Os híbridos convencionais V 50070 e Paraíso 20 tiveram adaptabilidade a ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis para os dois componentes de rendimento. Os três últimos métodos apresentaram grande similaridade e possibilitaram ainda selecionar genótipos com desempenho em ambientes específicos, mesmo quando não se destacaram na média geral. Os híbridos EXP 1450 (alto oleico) e PARAÍSO 33 (convencional) foram indicados para ambientes desfavoráveis e favoráveis, respectivamente.