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Purpose: To investigate whether the prediction of post-treatment HbA1c levels can be improved by adding an additional biomarker of the glucose metabolism in addition to baseline HbA1c. Methods: We performed an exploratory analysis based on data from 112 individuals with prediabetes (HbA1c 39–47 mmol) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), who completed 13 weeks of glucose-lowering interventions (exercise, dapagliflozin, or metformin) or control (habitual living) in the PRE-D trial. Seven prediction models were tested; one basic model with baseline HbA1c as the sole glucometabolic marker and six models each containing one additional glucometabolic biomarker in addition to baseline HbA1c. The additional glucometabolic biomarkers included: 1) plasma fructosamine, 2) fasting plasma glucose, 3) fasting plasma glucose × fasting serum insulin, 4) mean glucose during a 6-day free-living period measured by a continuous glucose monitor 5) mean glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, and 6) mean plasma glucose × mean serum insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test. The primary outcome was overall goodness of fit (R 2) from the internal validation step in bootstrap-based analysis using general linear models. Results: The prediction models explained 46–50% of the variation (R 2) in post-treatment HbA1c with standard deviations of the estimates of ~2 mmol/mol. R 2 was not statistically significantly different in the models containing an additional glucometabolic biomarker when compared to the basic model. Conclusion: Adding an additional biomarker of the glucose metabolism did not improve the prediction of post-treatment HbA1c in individuals with HbA1c-defined prediabetes.

Fasting duration has been associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels, but higher 2-h post-load levels, and research has indicated an adverse effect of ‘weekend behavior’ on human metabolism. We investigated associations of fasting duration and weekday of examination with glucose, insulin, glucagon and incretin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This cross-sectional study is based on data from the ADDITION-PRO study, where 2082 individuals attended a health examination including an OGTT. Linear regression analysis was applied to study the associations of overnight fasting duration and day of the week with glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to an OGTT. We found that a 1 h longer fasting duration was associated with 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8,2.5) higher 2-h glucose levels, as well as a 3.0% (95% CI: 1.3,4.7) higher GIP and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.3,4.4) higher GLP-1 response. Fasting insulin levels were 20.6% (95% CI: 11.2,30.7) higher on Mondays compared to the other weekdays, with similar fasting glucose levels (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.0,3.4). In this study, longer overnight fasting duration was associated with a worsening of glucose tolerance and increased incretin response to oral glucose. We found higher fasting insulin levels on Mondays compared to the other days of the week, potentially indicating a worsened glucose regulation after the weekend.

Background: Several studies have assessed the effect of patient education regarding hand eczema (HE) severity and quality of life. Few studies, however, have evaluated patients’ knowledge. Objectives: To examine knowledge of skin protection in HE patients following a guided talk, and to identify variables associated with knowledge. Methods: HE patients referred to the outpatient dermatological clinic, Bispebjerg Hospital, between January 2013 and July 2014 were offered a guided talk on HE prevention. HE severity and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score were assessed. A questionnaire comprising 10 questions about skin protection was sent 1 to 2.5 years later. Results: One hundred and twenty patients responded to the questionnaire (response 53.5%). The mean percentage of correct answers was 74.7%. Sixty per cent responded correctly to at least eight questions. Male sex, older age and education for >5 years were associated with a low level of knowledge. Education for 3 to 4 years (P = 0.045) was associated with a higher level of knowledge. No significant impact of previous/current atopic dermatitis, HE severity or previous information on skin protection was found with respect to level of knowledge. Conclusions: Females and patients with education for 3 to 4 years showed the highest level of knowledge, whereas males, older patients and patients with education for >5 years should be brought more into focus in skin protection programmes.