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1. The Added Value of Large-eddy and Storm-resolving Models for Simulating Clouds and Precipitation

Author: Sebastian Brune, Andreas Macke, Julia Windmiller, Fabian Senf, Akio Hansen, Ulrike Burkhardt, Hartwig Deneke, Susanne Crewell, Metodija Shapkalijevski, Fabian Jakub, Aiko Voigt, Clemens Simmer, Traute Crüger, Jessica Vial, Martin Köhler, Petra Friederichs, Joachim Biercamp, Rieke Heinze, Matthias Brueck, Niklas Röber, Thirza W. van Laar, Vera Schemann, Puxi Li, Leonhard Scheck, Bernhard Mayer, Ioanna Arka, Sabrina Schnitt, Guido Cioni, Nicolas Rochetin, Dela Spickermann, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Axel Seifert, Vasileios Barlakas, Günter Zängl, Karsten Peters, Cintia Carbajal Henken, Christine Nam, Nils Madenach, Norbert Kalthoff, Shweta Singh, Marek Jacob, Johan Strandgren, Ulrich Löhnert, Octave Tessiot, Panagiotis Adamidis, Stefan A. Buehler, Ann Kristin Naumann, Bjorn Stevens, Johannes Quaas, Cathy Hohenegger, Carolin Klinger, Daniel Klocke, Claudia Acquistapace, Wiebke Schubotz, Odran Sourdeval, Stefan Poll, Nikki Vercauteren, Harald Rybka, Université de Lille, CNRS, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology [MPI-M], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Universität Hamburg [UHH], Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie [MPI-M], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] [LMU], Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] [DWD], Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] [DKRZ], Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [DLR], Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung [TROPOS], Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research [TROPOS], Freie Universität Berlin, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie [KIT], Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [CAMS], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS], Climate Service Center [Hambourg] [GERICS], Universität Leipzig, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre [IEK-8], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay [ENS Paris Saclay], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [LDEO], Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), and Columbia University [New York]
Subjects: Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Cloud cover, representation of clouds and precipitation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, storm-resolving models, large-eddy simulation, clouds, precipitation, climate change, cloud-resolving models, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Diurnal cycle, ddc:550, Precipitation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, high resolution modelling, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, added value of high resolution, Storm, Earth sciences, Convective storm detection, Environmental science, Large eddy simulation
Abstract: More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simu-lations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circula-tion and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.
Published: 2020
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2. Climate Impacts in Europe Under +1.5°C Global Warming

Author: Aristeidis Koutroulis, Ioannis K. Tsanis, Abdulla Sakalli, Daniela Jacob, Chantal Donnelly, Robert Vautard, Andrea Damm, Lola Kotova, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Claas Teichmann, Manolis Grillakis, Stefan Sobolowski, Climate Service Center, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Technical Universtiy of Crete Laboratory of Water Resources Management and Coastal Engineering, Technical University of Crete Laboratory of Water Resources Management and Coastal Engineering, Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Iskenderun Technical University, Water & Food and Water Systems & Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), European Project: 282746,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,IMPACT2C(2011), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] ( GERICS ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht ( GKSS ), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research ( BCCR ), University of Bergen ( UIB ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute ( SMHI ), and Justus-Liebig-University
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, +1.5oC and +2oC global warming, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, Climate Change, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Climate Change Impacts, Effects of global warming, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 11. Sustainability, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), IMPACT2C project, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Hydropower, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, WIMEK, business.industry, Global warming, 020801 environmental engineering, Europe, Geography, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), Food processing, Water Systems and Global Change, business, Tourism
Abstract: Summarization: The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims not only at avoiding +2°C warming (and even limit the temperature increase further to +1.5°C), but also sets long‐term goals to guide mitigation. Therefore, the best available science is required to inform policymakers on the importance of and the adaptation needs in a +1.5°C warmer world. Seven research institutes from Europe and Turkey integrated their competencies to provide a cross‐sectoral assessment of the potential impacts at a pan‐European scale. The initial findings of this initiative are presented and key messages communicated. The approach is to select periods based on global warming thresholds rather than the more typical approach of selecting time periods (e.g., end of century). The results indicate that the world is likely to pass the +1.5°C threshold in the coming decades. Cross‐sectoral dimensions are taken into account to show the impacts of global warming that occur in parallel in more than one sector. Also, impacts differ across sectors and regions. Alongside the negative impacts for certain sectors and regions, some positive impacts are projected. Summer tourism in parts of Western Europe may be favored by climate change; electricity demand decreases outweigh increases over most of Europe and catchment yields in hydropower regions will increase. However, such positive findings should be interpreted carefully as we do not take into account exogenous factors that can and will influence Europe such as migration patterns, food production, and economic and political instability. Presented on
Published: 2018
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3. Land-atmosphere coupling in EURO-CORDEX evaluation experiments

Author: Knist , Sebastian, Goergen , Klaus, Buonomo , Erasmo, Christensen , Ole Bøssing, Colette , Augustin, Cardoso , Rita M., Fealy , Rowan, Fernández , Jesús, García-Díez , Markel, Jacob , Daniela, Kartsios , Stergios, Katragkou , Eleni, Keuler , Klaus, Mayer , Stephanie, Van Meijgaard , Erik, Nikulin , Grigory, Soares , Pedro M. M., Sobolowski , Stefan, Szepszo , Gabriella, Teichmann , Claas, Vautard , Robert, Warrach-Sagi , Kirsten, Wulfmeyer , Volker, Simmer , Clemens, Centre de recherche public Gabriel Lippmann, Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann, Met Office Hadley Centre ( MOHC ), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Texas A and M University ( TAMU ), Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Rural Economy and Development Programme, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology ( INIA ), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2009, Australia, Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Brandenburg University of Technology, ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), Rossby Centre, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute ( SMHI ), Centro de Computação Gráfica ( CCG ), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research ( BCCR ), University of Bergen ( UIB ), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] ( GERICS ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht ( GKSS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart] ( IPM ), Universität Hohenheim, Meteorological Institute University Bonn, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Texas A&M University System, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Rossby Centre, SMHI, Norrköping, 601 76, Sweden, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart] (IPM), Meteorological Institute [Bonn], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Brandenburgische Technische Universität = Brandenburg Technical University (BTU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere play a fundamental role in the weather and climate system. Here we present a comparison of summertime land-atmosphere coupling strength found in a subset of the ERA-Interim-driven European domain Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) model ensemble (1989-2008). Most of the regional climate models (RCMs) reproduce the overall soil moisture interannual variability, spatial patterns, and annual cycles of surface exchange fluxes for the different European climate zones suggested by the observational Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and FLUXNET data sets. However, some RCMs differ substantially from FLUXNET observations for some regions. The coupling strength is quantified by the correlation between the surface sensible and the latent heat flux, and by the correlation between the latent heat flux and 2 m temperature. The first correlation is compared to its estimate from the few available long-term European high-quality FLUXNET observations, and the latter to results from gridded GLEAM data. The RCM simulations agree with both observational datasets in the large-scale pattern characterized by strong coupling in southern Europe and weak coupling in northern Europe. However, in the transition zone from strong to weak coupling covering large parts of central Europe many of the RCMs tend to overestimate the coupling strength in comparison to both FLUXNET and GLEAM. The RCM ensemble spread is caused primarily by the different land surface models applied, and by the model-specific weather conditions resulting from different atmospheric parameterizations.
Published: 2016
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4. The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps

Author: P. M. M. Soares, J. A. M. Careto, Rita M. Cardoso, Klaus Goergen, Eleni Katragkou, Stefan Sobolowski, Erika Coppola, Nikolina Ban, Danijel Belušić, Ségolène Berthou, Cécile Caillaud, Andreas Dobler, Øivind Hodnebrog, Stergios Kartsios, Geert Lenderink, T. Lorenz, Josipa Milovac, Hendrik Feldmann, Emanuela Pichelli, Heimo Truhetz, Marie Estelle Demory, Hylke de Vries, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Klaus Keuler, Mario Raffa, Merja Tölle, Kevin Sieck, Sophie Bastin, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Instituto Dom Luiz, Agrosphere, IBG-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems (HPSC TerrSys), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Department of Geophysics [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), University of Hohenheim, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), REgional Model and geo-Hydrological Impacts (REMHI), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Center for Environmental Systems Research [Kassel] (CESR), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Earth sciences, Atmospheric Science, Kilometre-scale resolution, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Probability density functions, ddc:550, Regional climate modelling, Maximum and minimum temperature, Added value
Abstract: The increase in computational resources has enabled the emergence of multi-model ensembles of convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) simulations at very high horizontal resolutions. An example is the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study on “Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean”, a set of kilometre-scale simulations over an extended Alpine domain. This first-of-its-kind multi-model ensemble, forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, can be considered a benchmark dataset. This study uses a recently proposed metric to determine the added value of all the available Flagship Pilot Study hindcast kilometre-scale simulations for maximum and minimum temperature. The analysis is performed using state-of-the-art gridded and station observations as ground truth. This approach directly assesses the added value between the high-resolution CPRCMs against their driving global simulations and coarser resolution RCM counterparts. Overall, models display some modest gains, but also considerable shortcomings are exhibited. In part, these deficiencies can be attributed to the assimilation of temperature observations into ERA-Interim. Although the gains for the use of kilometre-scale resolution for temperature are limited, the improvement of the spatial representation of local atmospheric circulations and land–atmosphere interactions can ultimately lead to gains, particularly in coastal areas. The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps publishedVersion
Published: 2022
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5. Land-atmosphere interactions in sub-polar and alpine climates in the CORDEX flagship pilot study Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) models - Part 1: Evaluation of the snow-albedo effect

Author: Anne Sophie Daloz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Priscilla Mooney, Susanna Strada, Diana Rechid, Edouard L. Davin, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Michal Belda, Tomas Halenka, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Peter Hoffmann, Daniela C. A. Lima, Ronny Meier, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Toelle, Marianne T. Lund, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Center for Environmental Systems Research [Kassel] (CESR), and Universität Kassel [Kassel]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Earth sciences, 530 Physics, ddc:550, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Seasonal snow cover plays a major role in the climate system of the Northern Hemisphere via its effect on land surface albedo and fluxes. In climate models the parameterization of interactions between snow and atmosphere remains a source of uncertainty and biases in the representation of local and global climate. Here, we evaluate the ability of an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) coupled with different land surface models to simulate snow–atmosphere interactions over Europe in winter and spring. We use a previously defined index, the snow-albedo sensitivity index (SASI), to quantify the radiative forcing associated with snow cover anomalies. By comparing RCM-derived SASI values with SASI calculated from reanalyses and satellite retrievals, we show that an accurate simulation of snow cover is essential for correctly reproducing the observed forcing over middle and high latitudes in Europe. The choice of parameterizations, and primarily the choice of the land surface model, strongly influences the representation of SASI as it affects the ability of climate models to simulate snow cover accurately. The degree of agreement between the datasets differs between the accumulation and ablation periods, with the latter one presenting the greatest challenge for the RCMs. Given the dominant role of land surface processes in the simulation of snow cover during the ablation period, the results suggest that, during this time period, the choice of the land surface model is more critical for the representation of SASI than the atmospheric model.
Published: 2022
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6. Assessment of the European Climate Projections as Simulated by the Large EURO-CORDEX Regional and Global Climate Model Ensemble

Author: James M. Ciarlo, Nikolay Kadygrov, Filippo Giorgi, Grigory Nikulin, Robert Vautard, Marie-Estelle Demory, Clemens Schwingshackl, Guillaume Levavasseur, Silje Lund Sørland, Marit Sandstad, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Erika Coppola, Jana Sillmann, Rita Nogherotto, Geert Lenderink, Volker Wulfmeyer, Erik van Meijgaard, Fredrik Boberg, Emma Aalbers, Katharina Bülow, Claas Teichmann, Carley Iles, Lola Corre, Samuel Somot, Pierre Nabat, Erik Kjellström, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Échelle et Climat (GMGEC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), and Universität Hohenheim
Subjects: global model, Atmospheric Science, Climate Research, Global model, Klimatforskning, climate impact indices, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, General Circulation Model, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, CMIP5, EURO CORDEX, regional climate modeling, CMIP6
Abstract: International audience; This paper analyzes the ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) projections for Europe completed within the EURO CORDEX project. Projections are available for the two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios RCP2.6 (22 members) and RCP8.5 (55 members) at 0.11° resolution from 11 RCMs driven by eight global climate models (GCMs). The RCM ensemble results are compared with the driving CMIP5 global models but also with a subset of available last generation CMIP6 projections. Maximum warming is projected by all ensembles in Northern Europe in winter, along with a maximum precipitation increase there; in summer, maximum warming occurs in the Mediterranean and Southern European regions associated with a maximum precipitation decrease. The CMIP6 ensemble shows the largest signals, both for temperature and precipitation, along with the largest inter model spread. There is a high model consensus across the ensembles on an increase of extreme precipitation and drought frequency in the Mediterranean region. Extreme temperature indices show an increase of heat extremes and a decrease of cold extremes, with CMIP6 showing the highest values and EURO CORDEX the finest spatial details. This data set of unprecedented size and quality will provide the basis for impact assessment and climate service activities for the European region.
Published: 2021
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7. The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation

Author: Erika Coppola, Lidija Srnec, David Leutwyler, Volker Wulfmeyer, Thomas Frisius, Klaus Keuler, Josipa Milovac, Stefan Sobolowski, Paola Mercogliano, Merja Tölle, Pedro M. M. Soares, Paolo Stocchi, Heimo Truhetz, Torge Lorenz, Jesus Vergara-Temprado, Klaus Goergen, Alvaro Lavin-Gullon, Jesús Fernández, Antoinette Alias, Erwan Brisson, Ségolène Berthou, Geert Lenderink, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Øivind Hodnebrog, Ivonne Anders, Jan Erik Haugen, Filippo Giorgi, Lluis Fita, Goran Gašparac, Danijel Belušić, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Marianna Adinolfi, Cécile Caillaud, Rita M. Cardoso, Hylke de Vries, Armelle Reca Remedio, Sophie Bastin, Steven Chan, Stergios Kartsios, Nikolina Ban, Hans-Jürgen Panitz, Elizabeth J. Kendon, Eleni Katragkou, Douglas Maraun, Birthe Marie Rødssæteren Steensen, Bodo Ahrens, Mario Raffa, Mar Janne Zander, Christoph Schär, Emanuela Pichelli, Department of Atmospheric and Cryosphere Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), REgional Model and geo-Hydrological Impacts (REMHI), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Frankfurt/Main] (IAU), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Santander Meteorology Group, Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Croatia Control Ltd., Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems (HPSC TerrSys), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), University of Graz, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Environmental Systems Research [Kassel] (CESR), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), University of Hohenheim, Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad de Cantabria, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, University of Innsbruck, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]
Subjects: Convection, Kilometer-scale resolution, Atmospheric Science, Climate Research, Scale (ratio), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Precipitation, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, Kilometer, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, health care economics and organizations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, regional climate models, multi-model ensemble, high-resolution, precipitation, convection, WIMEK, Multi-model ensemble simulations, Resolution (electron density), Regional climate models, Summer season, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, Scale (map), Intensity (heat transfer), Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Abstract: N. Ban et al., Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of ∼3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (∼ 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from ∼ −40% at 12 km to ∼ −3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales., Open access funding provided by University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck., The ETH team, MZ, CNRM IPSL, ICTP, SMHI, Met-Office, DMI, CMCC, HZG, KNMI acknowledge funding from the HORIZON 2020 EUCP (European Climate Prediction System) project (https://www.eucp-project.eu, grant agreement No. 776613). AL-G acknowledges support by the Spanish government through grant BES-2016-078158 and MINECO/FEDER co-funded project MULTI-SDM (CGL2015-66583-R).
Published: 2021
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8. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison

Author: Davin, Édouard L., Rechid, Diana, Breil, Marcus, Cardoso, Rita M., Coppola, Erika, Hoffmann, Peter, Jach, Lisa L., Katragkou, Eleni, de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie, Radtke, Kai, Raffa, Mario, Soares, Pedro M. M., Sofiadis, Giannis, Strada, Susanna, Strandberg, Gustav, Tölle, Merja H., Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), University of Hohenheim, Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Faculdade de Ciências [Lisboa], Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart] (IPM), Universität Hohenheim, ANR-11-LABX-0034,BASC,Biodiversité, Agroécosystèmes, Société, Climat(2011), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Earth sciences, Climate Research, lcsh:Dynamic and structural geology, lcsh:QE500-639.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, ddc:550, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Klimatforskning
Abstract: The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1 K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation (well below −2 K in most regions), a widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.
Published: 2020
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9. A first-of-its-kind multi-model convection permitting ensemble for investigating convective phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean

Author: Elizabeth J. Kendon, Samiro Khodayar, E. van Meijgaard, Sebastian Knist, Ivonne Anders, Filippo Giorgi, Danijel Belušić, Samuel Somot, Hans-Jürgen Panitz, Lidija Srnec, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Pedro M. M. Soares, Stefan Sobolowski, Emanuela Pichelli, Merja Tölle, Stergios Kartsios, Heimo Truhetz, Øivind Hodnebrog, Quentin Fumière, Rita M. Cardoso, Mario Raffa, Louis Marelle, Sophie Bastin, Michal Belda, Ivan Güttler, Petter Lind, T. Halenka, Silvio Davolio, Klaus Goergen, Alvaro Lavin-Gullon, Paolo Stocchi, Nikolina Ban, Jesús Fernández, Josipa Milovac, Torge Lorenz, Francesca Raffaele, Bodo Ahrens, T. Raub, Christoph Schär, Gunnar Myhre, Douglas Maraun, Burkhardt Rockel, M. Piazza, Erika Coppola, Harald Kunstmann, Andreas Dobler, Kevin Sieck, H. de Vries, Daniela Jacob, D. Heinzeller, Eleni Katragkou, Lluis Fita, Robert Vautard, Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics [Vienna] (ZAMG), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Troposphärenforschung (IMK-TRO), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Grupo de Meteorología de Santander, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems (HPSC TerrSys), Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Geographie [Augsburg], Universität Augsburg [Augsburg], Meteorologisches Institut [Bonn], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart] (IPM), Universität Hohenheim, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Klimatologie, Klimadynamik und Klimawandel [Giessen], Institut für Geographie [Giessen], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU)-Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-BS56-0005,IODA-MED,Observation et Assimilation de Données:: Des systèmes Innovants pour les événements météorologiques intenses en MEDiterranée(2011), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU)-Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Croatian Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, German Research Foundation, Austrian Science Fund, Research Council of Norway, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Department of Energy and Climate Change (UK), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Graz
Subjects: Ensemble models, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Event (relativity), Forecast skill, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics::Geophysics, ddc:550, Climate applications, Precipitation, regional climate, downscaling, convection permittin model, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Convection-permitting, Ensemble forecasting, Mode (statistics), Orography, Test case, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Downscaling
Abstract: This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Advances in Convection-Permitting Climate Modeling, consisting of papers that focus on the evaluation, climate change assessment, and feedback processes in kilometer-scale simulations and observations., A recently launched project under the auspices of the World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP) Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiments Flagship Pilot Studies program (CORDEX-FPS) is presented. This initiative aims to build first-of-its-kind ensemble climate experiments of convection permitting models to investigate present and future convective processes and related extremes over Europe and the Mediterranean. In this manuscript the rationale, scientific aims and approaches are presented along with some preliminary results from the testing phase of the project. Three test cases were selected in order to obtain a first look at the ensemble performance. The test cases covered a summertime extreme precipitation event over Austria, a fall Foehn event over the Swiss Alps and an intensively documented fall event along the Mediterranean coast. The test cases were run in both “weather-like” (WL, initialized just before the event in question) and “climate” (CM, initialized 1 month before the event) modes. Ensembles of 18–21 members, representing six different modeling systems with different physics and modelling chain options, was generated for the test cases (27 modeling teams have committed to perform the longer climate simulations). Results indicate that, when run in WL mode, the ensemble captures all three events quite well with ensemble correlation skill scores of 0.67, 0.82 and 0.91. They suggest that the more the event is driven by large-scale conditions, the closer the agreement between the ensemble members. Even in climate mode the large-scale driven events over the Swiss Alps and the Mediterranean coasts are still captured (ensemble correlation skill scores of 0.90 and 0.62, respectively), but the inter-model spread increases as expected. In the case over Mediterranean the effects of local-scale interactions between flow and orography and land–ocean contrasts are readily apparent. However, there is a much larger, though not surprising, increase in the spread for the Austrian event, which was weakly forced by the large-scale flow. Though the ensemble correlation skill score is still quite high (0.80). The preliminary results illustrate both the promise and the challenges that convection permitting modeling faces and make a strong argument for an ensemble-based approach to investigating high impact convective processes., IG and LS have been supported by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) project CARE (no. 2831). JF acknowledges support by the Spanish R + D programme through MINECO/FEDER co-funded project INSIGNIA (CGL2016-79210-R). AL-G is supported by the Spanish government though grant BES-2016-078158 and MINECO/FEDER co-funded project MULTI-SDM (CGL2015-66583-R). JM and KW-S gratefully acknowledge the support by the German Science Foundation (DFG) through project FOR 1695. DM, MP, and HT gratefully acknowledge the support received via the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project NHCM-2 (no. P24758-N29) and the projects HighEnd:Extremes and EASICLIM, funded by the Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP) of the Klima- und Energiefonds (nos. KR13AC6K10981 and KR16AC0K13160, respectively). SS and TL acknowledge the support of NOTUR project no. NN9280K and the Research Council of Norway and its basic institute support of their strategic project on Climate Services. RMC and PMMS gratefully acknowledge the support of the SOLAR project (PTDC/GEOMET/7078/2014) financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. EJ Kendon gratefully acknowledges funding from the Joint Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). S. Khodayar research is supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research). Support of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for funding the participation in Euro-CORDEX activities via the scheme INTER-TRANSFER under the Grant no. LTT17007. Funding from the Research Council of Norway through the SUPER (Grant no. 250573) and HYPRE (Grant no. 243942) projects.
Published: 2020
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10. PaCTS 1.0: a crowdsourced reporting standard for paleoclimate data

Author: Maxime Debret, Emilie Pauline Dassié, Varun Ratnakar, M. P. Erb, Valdir F. Novello, M. Kienast, Walter Finsinger, Timothy T. Barrows, J.J. Williams, A. Frappier, Natalie Kehrwald, Nicolas Gauthier, F. Schwanck, Laia Comas-Bru, Darrell S. Kaufman, Daniel Fortier, Lucie Bazin, Nick Scroxton, Christof Pearce, Anna L.C. Hughes, E. Sutherland, Daniel Garijo, Bronwen Konecky, Richard J. Telford, A. J. Waite, Jennifer E. Hertzberg, Aubrey L. Hillman, Kathryn Allen, Samuel L Jaccard, George E. A. Swann, Lydia A. Olaka, Jianghui Du, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Andreas Schmittner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Will Hobbs, Cécile Pignol, S.E. Pilaar Birch, Natalia Piotrowska, Maria-Serena Poli, Adam Z. Csank, Fabien Arnaud, A.A. Prokopenko, Julien Emile-Geay, Nils Weitzel, Steven J. Phipps, Zoë Thomas, Helen McGregor, Simon Goring, Deborah Khider, Lucien von Gunten, Thomas Felis, Matthew Huber, Lukas Jonkers, Mai Winstrup, Steve George, Yarrow Axford, Elizabeth Bradley, William R Gray, J. C. Bregy, Andrew G. Bunn, Kristine L. DeLong, G. Le Roux, Kaustubh Thirumalai, John W. Williams, Judson W. Partin, Vyacheslav Lyubchich, Georgina Falster, S. A. Truebe, Jiaoyang Ruan, Kim M. Cobb, Suellyn Emerick, Olivier Cartapanis, Fiona D. Hibbert, Yuan Zhou, Christian Stepanek, Oliver Bothe, H.‐W. Chiang, Eric C. Grimm, Belen Martrat, Peter W. Brewer, René Dommain, Bruno Wilhelm, Nicholas P. McKay, Ning Zhao, Emilie Capron, Pierre Francus, Julie N. Richey, Michael Kahle, Kelsey A. Dyez, Sebastien Bertrand, Yolanda Gil, Manuel Chevalier, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion Territoriale de l'Eau et de l'environnement (UMR GESTE), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA, Centre Technique Agroalimentaire (CTCPA), Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie (CHUV Lausanne), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Geological Institute (ETHZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Brown University, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Martrat, Belen, Martrat, Belen [0000-0001-9904-9178], University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre d'études de chimie métallurgique (CECM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, Paleoclimate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Standardization, Computer science, Best practice, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Big data, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Terminology, Grassroots, Paleoceanography, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, paleoclimate, ddc:550, best practices, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 550 Earth sciences & geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FAIR, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data, Community engagement, business.industry, Paleontology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Data science, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Metadata, data, 13. Climate action, paleoceanography, standards, Institut für Geowissenschaften, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Working group
Abstract: The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches. ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., Code and data to reproduce the figures of this article are available on GitHub and released on Zenodo (doi:10.5281/zenodo.3165019). Definition of properties and recommendations are summarized here: http://wiki.linked.earth/PaCTS_v1.0 . This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the EarthCube Program with Grant ICER‐1541029. Feedback solicitation on the standard was facilitated by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) organization. The 2016 workshop on Paleoclimate Data Standards was hosted by the World Data Service for Paleoclimatology (WDS/NOAA‐Paleo), and the participation of international attendees was made possible by a PAGES travel grant. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Published: 2019
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11. Using the adaptive cycle in climate-risk insurance to design resilient futures

Author: Roger Cremades, Swenja Surminski, María Máñez Costa, Paul Shrivastava, Paul Hudson, J. Gascoigne, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ICN Business School, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, Climate change, GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Resilience (network), Insurability, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Governance, Climate risk, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Climate-change adaptation, 13. Climate action, HD61 Risk Management, Business, Futures contract, Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Finance, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Assessing the dynamics of resilience could help insurers and governments reduce the costs of climate-risk insurance schemes and secure future insurability in the face of an increase in extreme hydro-meteorological events related to climate change.
Published: 2018
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12. Reconciling reconstructed and simulated features of the winter Pacific/North American pattern in the early 19th century

Author: Zanchettin, D., Bothe, O., Lehner, Flavio, Ortega, P., Raible, Christoph, Swingedouw, D., Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, IUAV University Venice, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Universität Bern [Bern], Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università Iuav di Venezia = Iuav University of Venice (IUAV), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, 530 Physics, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Paleontology, lcsh:Environmental pollution, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, lcsh:TD169-171.8, 550 Earth sciences & geology, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract: This study stems from discussion during the PAGES2k/PMIP Workshop on integrated analyses of reconstructions and multi model simulations for the past two millennia (http://www.palma ucm.es/members/workshop/Home.html) which took place from 4 6 November 2013 in Madrid Spain and was funded by PAGES FECYT MINECO and IGEO. ABSTRACT: Reconstructions of past climate behavior often describe prominent anomalous periods that are not necessarily captured in climate simulations. Here we illustrate the contrast between an interdecadal strong positive phase of the winter Pacific/North American pattern (PNA) in the early 19th century that is described by a PNA reconstruction based on tree rings from northwestern North America and a slight tendency towards negative winter PNA anomalies during the same period in an ensemble of state of the art coupled climate simulations. Additionally a pseudo proxy investigation with the same simulation ensemble allows for assessing the robustness of PNA reconstructions using solely geophysical predictors from northwestern North America for the last millennium. The reconstructed early 19th century positive PNA anomaly emerges as a potentially reliable feature although the pseudo reconstructions are subject to a number of sources of uncertainty and deficiencies highlighted especially at multidecadal and centennial timescales. The pseudo reconstructions demonstrate that the early 19th century discrepancy between reconstructed and simulated PNA does not stem from the reconstruction process. Instead reconstructed and simulated features of the early 19th century PNA can be reconciled by interpreting the reconstructed evolution during this time as an expression of internal climate variability which is unlikely to be reproduced in its exact temporal occurrence by a small ensemble of climate simulations. However firm attribution of the reconstructed PNA anomaly is hampered by known limitations and deficiencies of coupled climate models and uncertainties in the early 19th century external forcing and background climate state.
Published: 2015
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13. European summer temperatures since Roman times

Author: Luterbacher, J., Werner, J. P., Smerdon, J. E., Fernandez-Donado, L., Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J., Barriopedro, D., Ljungqvist, F. C., Buentgen, U., Zorita, E., Wagner, S., Esper, J., Mccarroll, D., Toreti, A., Frank, D., Jungclaus, J. H., Barriendos, M., Bertolin, C., Bothe, O., Brazdil, R., Camuffo, D., Dobrovolny, P., Gagen, M., Garica-Bustamante, E., Ge, Q., Gomez-Navarro, J. J., Guiot, Joel, Hao, Z., Hegerl, G. C., Holmgren, K., Klimenko, V. V., Martin-Chivelet, J., Pfister, C., Roberts, N., Schindler, A., Schurer, A., Solomina, O., Gunten, L., Wahl, E., Wanner, H., Wetter, O., Xoplaki, E., Yuan, N., Zanchettin, D., Zhang, H., Zerefos, C., Institute of Geography [Bern], University of Bern, GKSS Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona] (DAM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Brno University of Technology [Brno], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Living Environment Laboratory (LELab). University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo, Earth and Ocean Sciences Division, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham]-Duke University [Durham], Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology [Athens], Academy of Athens, Brno University of Technology [Brno] (BUT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, 530 Physics, European summer temperature reconstruction, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, paleoclimatology, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Common Era, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Bayesian hierarchical modelling, ensemble of climate model simulations, heat waves, Heat waves, Ensemble of climate model simulations, 570 Life sciences, biology, Paleoclimatology, 550 Earth sciences & geology
Abstract: The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatio-temporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June–August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986–2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850–2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales., Support for PAGES 2k activities is provided by the US and Swiss National Science Foundations, US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. JPWacknowledges support from the Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen. The work of OB, SW and EZ is part of CLISAP. JL, SW, EZ, JPW, JGN, OB also acknowledge support by the German Science Foundation Project ‘Precipitation in the past millennia in Europe–Extensionback toRoman times’.MBacknowledges the Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC), National Programme I+D, Project CGL2011-28255. PD and RB acknowledge support from the Czech Science Foundation project no. GA13-04291S. VK was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14- 19-00765) and the Russian Foundation for Humanities (grants 15-07-00012, 15-37-11129). GH and AS are supported by the ERC funded project TITAN (EC- 320691). GH was further funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. NY is funded by the LOEWEexcellence cluster FACE2- FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; HZ acknowledge support from the DFG project AFICHE. Lamont contribution #7961. The reconstructions can be downloaded from the NOAA paleoclimate homepage: www.ncdc.noaa. gov/paleo/study/19600. LFD, EGB and JFGR were supported by grants CGL2011-29677-c02-02 and CGL2014-599644-R. All authors are part of the Euro- Med 2kConsortium.
Published: 2016
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14. Daily precipitation statistics in a EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble: added value of raw and bias-corrected high-resolution simulations

Author: Sven Kotlarski, José M. Gutiérrez, Augustin Colette, Klaus Keuler, Klaus Goergen, Fredrik Boberg, Grigory Nikulin, Jesús Fernández, Claas Teichmann, Ana Casanueva, Sixto Herrera, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Daniela Jacob, Robert Vautard, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brandenburg University of Technology, Rossby Centre, SMHI, Norrköping, 601 76, Sweden, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brandenburgische Technische Universität = Brandenburg Technical University (BTU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Universidad de Cantabria
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0208 environmental biotechnology, High resolution, Added value, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Precipitation indices, Regional Climate Models, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Statistics, Environmental science, Bias correction, Precipitation, EURO-CORDEX, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Daily precipitation statistics as simulated by the ERA-Interim-driven EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble are evaluated over two distinct regions of the European continent, namely the European Alps and Spain. The potential added value of the high-resolution 12 km experiments with respect to their 50 km resolution counterparts is investigated. The statistics considered consist of wet-day intensity and precipitation frequency as a measure of mean precipitation, and three precipitation-derived indicators (90th percentile on wet days—90pWET, contribution of the very wet days to total precipitation—R95pTOT and number of consecutive dry days—CDD)., This work is supported by CORWES (CGL2010-22158-C02) and EXTREMBLES (CGL2010-21869) projects funded by the Spanish R&D programme and the European COST ACTION VALUE (ES1102). A. C. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the funding provided within the FPI programme (BES-2011-047612 and EEBB-I-13-06354).
Published: 2016
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15. Improving predictions and management of hydrological extremes through climate services

Author: Maria Manez, Ralf Döscher, Cedric Hananel, Bastian Klein, Maria-Helena Ramos, Laurens M. Bouwer, Janet B. Wijngaard, Philip J. Ward, Bart van den Hurk, Laurent Pouget, Florian Pappenberger, Johannes E. Hunink, Albrecht Weerts, Ertug Ercin, Erik Kjellström, Carlo Buontempo, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Deltares system (NETHERLANDS), Deltares system, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), aucun, Water Footprint Network, Arctik, FuutrWater, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Cet Aqua, Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), VU University Amsterdam, Deltares [The Netherlands], Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Water and Climate Risk, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Political economy of climate change, WEATHER FORECASTING, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Weather forecasting, Context (language use), Weather and climate, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:QC851-999, computer.software_genre, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, 01 natural sciences, Outcome (game theory), 11. Sustainability, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate projections, WATER, lcsh:Social sciences (General), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Climate services, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, PREVISION METEOROLOGIQUE, Environmental resource management, Water, 020801 environmental engineering, Term (time), Geography, 13. Climate action, EAU, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sectoral climate impacts, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, lcsh:H1-99, Psychological resilience, Convergence (relationship), business, computer, Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Abstract: The EU Roadmap on climate services can be seen as a result of a convergence between the society's call for “actionable research”, and the ability of the climate research community to provide tailored data, information and knowledge. However, although weather and climate have clearly distinct definitions, a strong link between weather and climate services exists that is not explored extensively. Stakeholders being interviewed in the context of the Roadmap consider climate as a far distant long term feature that is difficult to incorporate in present-day decision taking, which is dominated by daily experience with handling extreme events. In this paper we argue that this experience is a rich source of inspiration to increase society's resilience to an unknown future.A newly started European research project, IMPREX, is built on the notion that “experience in managing current day weather extremes is the best learning school to anticipate consequences of future climate”. This paper illustrates possible ways to increase the link between information and services for the water sector, by addressing weather and climate time scales and discussing the underlying concepts of IMPREX and its expected outcome. Keywords: Climate services, Water, Sectoral climate impacts, Weather forecasting, Climate projections
Published: 2016
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16. A vertically discretised canopy description for ORCHIDEE (SVN r2290) and the modifications to the energy, water and carbon fluxes

Author: Hans Pretzsch, James Ryder, V. Bellasen, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Josephine Ghattas, Matthew J. McGrath, T. De Groote, Philippe Peylin, D. Solyga, Nicolas Vuichard, Y. Yan, Matteo Campioli, Päivi Merilä, Vanessa Haverd, Gonzalo Berhongaray, B. Pinty, Jens Kattge, Aude Valade, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Josep Peñuelas, Gerhard Bönisch, Juliane Otto, Yiying Chen, Kim Naudts, Natasha MacBean, Fabienne Maignan, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Antwerp (UA), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Metla, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Joint Research center, European Commission, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), DEU, Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG), ERC [242564], ADEME (Bi-CaFF), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [284181-TREES4FUTURE], ESA ECV, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Compagnie Générale de Géophysique, Systems Ecology, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Canopy, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, Evapotranspiration, Modèle climatique global, ddc:551, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Hydrology, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Orchidée, Primary production, Albedo, 15. Life on land, Modèle de végétation mondial, ddc, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Le cycle du carbone, Forêt, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Since 70 % of global forests are managed and forests impact the global carbon cycle and the energy exchange with the overlying atmosphere, forest management has the potential to mitigate climate change. Yet, none of the land-surface models used in Earth system models, and therefore none of today's predictions of future climate, accounts for the interactions between climate and forest management. We addressed this gap in modelling capability by developing and parametrising a version of the ORCHIDEE land-surface model to simulate the biogeochemical and biophysical effects of forest management. The most significant changes between the new branch called ORCHIDEE-CAN (SVN r2290) and the trunk version of ORCHIDEE (SVN r2243) are the allometric-based allocation of carbon to leaf, root, wood, fruit and reserve pools; the transmittance, absorbance and reflectance of radiation within the canopy; and the vertical discretisation of the energy budget calculations. In addition, conceptual changes were introduced towards a better process representation for the interaction of radiation with snow, the hydraulic architecture of plants, the representation of forest management and a numerical solution for the photosynthesis formalism of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry. For consistency reasons, these changes were extensively linked throughout the code. Parametrisation was revisited after introducing 12 new parameter sets that represent specific tree species or genera rather than a group of often distantly related or even unrelated species, as is the case in widely used plant functional types. Performance of the new model was compared against the trunk and validated against independent spatially explicit data for basal area, tree height, canopy structure, gross primary production (GPP), albedo and evapotranspiration over Europe. For all tested variables, ORCHIDEE-CAN outperformed the trunk regarding its ability to reproduce large-scale spatial patterns as well as their inter-annual variability over Europe. Depending on the data stream, ORCHIDEE-CAN had a 67 to 92 % chance to reproduce the spatial and temporal variability of the validation data.
Published: 2015
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17. Reconstructing European forest management from 1600 to 2010

Author: Matthew J. McGrath, Daniel McInerney, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, F. Pasztor, Juliane Otto, Kim Naudts, Matthias Bürgi, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Urs Gimmi, Patrick Meyfroidt, Yiying Chen, Jed O. Kaplan, Aude Valade, James Ryder, Karl-Heinz Erb, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Federal Research Institute, Institute of Social Ecology Vienna (SEC), Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt [Klagenfurt, Austria], Coillte Teoranta, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Systems Ecology, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Forest management, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, lcsh:Life, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Forest ecology, ddc:551, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Forest farming, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vegetatie, Earth-Surface Processes, SDG 15 - Life on Land, ddc:910, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, 0303 health sciences, Forest inventory, Vegetation, Land use, Agroforestry, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Environmental science, Secondary forest, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, lcsh:Ecology, Temperate rainforest
Abstract: European forest use for fuel, timber and food dates back to pre-Roman times. Century-scale ecological processes and their legacy effects require accounting for forest management when studying today's forest carbon sink. Forest management reconstructions that are used to drive land surface models are one way to quantify the impact of both historical and today's large scale application of forest management on today's forest-related carbon sink and surface climate. In this study we reconstruct European forest management from 1600 to 2010 making use of diverse approaches, data sources and assumptions. Between 1600 and 1828, a demand-supply approach was used in which wood supply was reconstructed based on estimates of historical annual wood increment and land cover reconstructions. For the same period demand estimates accounted for the fuelwood needed in households, wood used in food processing, charcoal used in metal smelting and salt production, timber for construction and population estimates. Comparing estimated demand and supply resulted in a spatially explicit reconstruction of the share of forests under coppice, high stand management and forest left unmanaged. For the reconstruction between 1829 and 2010 a supply-driven back-casting method was used. The method used age reconstructions from the years 1950 to 2010 as its starting point. Our reconstruction reproduces the most important changes in forest management between 1600 and 2010: (1) an increase of 593 000 km2 in conifers at the expense of deciduous forest (decreasing by 538 000 km2), (2) a 612 000 km2 decrease in unmanaged forest, (3) a 152 000 km2 decrease in coppice management, (4) a 818 000 km2 increase in high stand management, and (5) the rise and fall of litter raking which at its peak in 1853 removed 50 Tg dry litter per year.
Published: 2015
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18. Regional climate modeling on European scales : A joint standard evaluation of the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

Author: Christoph Schär, Daniel Lüthi, Grigory Nikulin, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Klaus Goergen, Michel Déqué, Sven Kotlarski, Andreas Gobiet, Volker Wulfmeyer, Daniela Jacob, Claas Teichmann, E. van Meijgaard, Augustin Colette, Robert Vautard, Klaus Keuler, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bonn, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Hohenheim, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), and Civs, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 0207 environmental engineering, Magnitude (mathematics), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Geology, Data set, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Air temperature, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Range (statistics), Environmental science, Climate model, Precipitation, 020701 environmental engineering, Joint (geology), Downscaling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: EURO-CORDEX is an international climate downscaling initiative that aims to provide high-resolution climate scenarios for Europe. Here an evaluation of the ERA-Interim-driven EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble is presented. The study documents the performance of the individual models in representing the basic spatio-temporal patterns of the European climate for the period 1989–2008. Model evaluation focuses on near-surface air temperature and precipitation, and uses the E-OBS dataset as observational reference. The ensemble consists of 17 simulations carried out by seven different models at grid resolutions of 12 km (nine experiments) and 50 km (eight experiments). Several performance metrics computed from monthly and seasonal mean values are used to assess model performance over eight sub-domains of the European continent. Results are compared to those for the ERA40-driven ENSEMBLES simulations. The analysis confirms the ability of RCMs to capture the basic features of the European climate, including its variability in space and time. But it also identifies non-negligible deficiencies of the simulations for selected metrics, regions and seasons. Seasonally and regionally averaged temperature biases are mostly smaller than 1.5 °C, while precipitation biases are typically located in the ±40% range. Some bias characteristics, such as a predominant cold and wet bias in most seasons and over most parts of Europe and a warm and dry summer bias over southern and south-eastern Europe reflect common model biases. For seasonal mean quantities averaged over large European sub-domains, no clear benefit of an increased spatial resolution (12 km vs. 50 km) can be identified. The bias ranges of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble mostly correspond to those of the ENSEMBLES simulations, but some improvements in model performance can be identified (e.g., a less pronounced southern European warm summer bias). The temperature bias spread across different configurations of one individual model can be of a similar magnitude as the spread across different models, demonstrating a strong influence of the specific choices in physical parameterizations and experimental setup on model performance. Based on a number of simply reproducible metrics, the present study quantifies the currently achievable accuracy of RCMs used for regional climate simulations over Europe and provides a quality standard for future model developments.
Published: 2014
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19. Mitigation, Adaptation or Climate Engineering?

Author: Claire Granier, Guy Brasseur, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), and University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: business.industry, Scientific progress, Political economy of climate change, 020209 energy, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Global warming, Environmental resource management, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Climate change, Ecological forecasting, 02 engineering and technology, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Greenhouse gas, 021105 building & construction, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Climate engineering, business, Adaptation (computer science), Law
Abstract: International audience; Concerns about climate change have led to the development of legal frameworks, including national regulations and international protocols to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases. Current mitigation measures, however, may not be sufficient to limit global warming to an average of 2°C since the pre-industrial period. Other approaches may therefore be required, including adaptation measures and climate engineering initiatives. Only a few legal frameworks are available to regulate adaptation initiatives and to constrain climate engineering approaches whose potential side-effects are not always sufficiently well known. This Article provides a brief overview of scientific progress made to better assess climate change and addresses possible societal responses, including the mitigation, adaptation and climate engineering strategies. It provides a brief summary of current knowledge about expected climate change as a basis for the definition of future international climate policies and associated legal frameworks.
Published: 2013
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20. Projected Climate Changes and Regional Security

Author: Brasseur, Guy, Granier, Claire, Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract: International audience; AB: Climate models suggest that substantial changes in temperature and precipitation could affect in the future the quality of life and the strength of the economy in different regions of the world. Several reports such as the document produced a few years ago by the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WGBU) have assessed the effects of climate change on regional and global security. Climate Services are being developed in different countries of the world to help society to adapt to anticipated climate changes. These services will make use of operational monitoring and predicting systems developed by environmental agencies, including the GMES Program in Europe. The paper will discuss some of these projects and show some examples (e.g., the opening of the Northern Passages to international shipping) where climate change will affect the way society operates.
Published: 2011

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20 results on '"Climate Service Center [Hambourg] ( GERICS )"'

1. The Added Value of Large-eddy and Storm-resolving Models for Simulating Clouds and Precipitation

2. Climate Impacts in Europe Under +1.5°C Global Warming

3. Land-atmosphere coupling in EURO-CORDEX evaluation experiments

4. The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps

5. Land-atmosphere interactions in sub-polar and alpine climates in the CORDEX flagship pilot study Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) models - Part 1: Evaluation of the snow-albedo effect

6. Assessment of the European Climate Projections as Simulated by the Large EURO-CORDEX Regional and Global Climate Model Ensemble

7. The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation

8. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison

9. A first-of-its-kind multi-model convection permitting ensemble for investigating convective phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean

10. PaCTS 1.0: a crowdsourced reporting standard for paleoclimate data

11. Using the adaptive cycle in climate-risk insurance to design resilient futures

12. Reconciling reconstructed and simulated features of the winter Pacific/North American pattern in the early 19th century

13. European summer temperatures since Roman times

14. Daily precipitation statistics in a EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble: added value of raw and bias-corrected high-resolution simulations

15. Improving predictions and management of hydrological extremes through climate services

16. A vertically discretised canopy description for ORCHIDEE (SVN r2290) and the modifications to the energy, water and carbon fluxes

17. Reconstructing European forest management from 1600 to 2010

18. Regional climate modeling on European scales : A joint standard evaluation of the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

19. Mitigation, Adaptation or Climate Engineering?

20. Projected Climate Changes and Regional Security

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