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Objective: Burnout syndrome causes chronic fatigue, loss of motivation, despair, decreased work performance, and depression. Clinical medical students risk developing burnout syndrome due to long-term learning pressure, responsibilities for patient care and night shifts. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with burnout syndrome among clinical medical students at Chonburi Hospital. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey among 106 medical students. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, ANOVA, and the independent t-test were used to investigate the association among variables. Results: Severe burnout syndrome was not found among clinical medical students. High emotional exhaustion was the most common burnout symptom among these medical students (53.8%). While 27.3% had high depersonalization, no medical students had low personal accomplishment. The factor related to high emotional exhaustion was 4th-year medical students. At the same time, the factors associated with high depersonalization were fourth-year medical students, males, and low accumulated grade point averages (GPAX). Conclusion: The prevalence of severe burnout was not found among clinical medical students at Chonburi Hospital. However, males, fourth-year medical students, and low GPAX were risk factors for burnout symptoms. Therefore, screening, monitoring, and providing help to these at-risk medical students to reduce their chances of severe burnout should be encouraged.

ObjectiveTo examine the status quo of and group disparity in professional identity among Chinese medical graduates for providing evidence to develop relevant intervention programs. MethodsUsing stratified cluster sampling and China Medical Students Survey (CMSS) designed by National Center for Health Professionals Education Development， an onsite self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 11 596 medical graduates in 33 universities in 19 provincial-level administrative divisions across China during July 2019. ResultsFor the 10 062 (86.77% of all graduates) valid respondents, the overall average score for professional identity was 3.61 ± 0.63 and the average scores of dimensional professional identity were 3.17 ± 0.60 for cognition, 3.60 ± 0.71 for emotion, 3.68 ± 1.01 for commitment，4.08 ± 0.75 for behavior，3.70 ± 0.9 for expectation, and 3.45 ± 0.74 for values, respectively. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the respondents with following characteristics were more likely to have a higher professional identity: studying at universities in eastern China (β = 0.034，P = 0.013) and in central China (β = 0.092，P < 0.001), being male (β = 0.025，P = 0.019), from rural regions before entering university (β = 0.023，P = 0.045), with medium family income (β = 0.025，P = 0.028), studying at a university being first choice for admission (β = 0.031，P = 0.002), studying at universities not belonging to double first-class university (β = 0.085，P < 0.001), with the career ideal of to be a doctor while being a senior high school student (β = 0.249，P < 0.001), being a five-year-system medical student (β = – 0.065，P < 0.001), being an integrated long school system (5 + 3 years) student (β = – 0.098，P < 0.001), and with a higher academic performance shortly by the graduation (β = 0.136，P < 0.001 and β = 0.082，P < 0.001 for those with the academic score of highest quartile and second/third quartile in ranking). ConclusionThe professional identity is at a medium level and affected by multiple individual and academic environment factors among Chinese medical graduates.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world, claimed a lot of lives, incapacitated many, and forced majority of the world into a lockdown. Vaccination is the key strategy to tackling the virus. Objectives: To ascertain the level of vaccination and the difficulties associated with vaccination, among clinical medical students in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling was used to select 160 respondents while questionnaires (hard and soft copy) were administered to the participants. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data entry and data analysis. Results: There was a poor (16.3%) knowledge, negative perception (66.3%), and poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine (20.6%). There were statistically significant relationships between vaccination status, knowledge of vaccine, age, and perception of the vaccine (P = 0.000) as well as between level of training and vaccine perception (P = 0.03). Conclusion: There was very low level of COVID-19 vaccination in the study population that may be attributable to the low knowledge of the vaccine and the high negative perception. The rush to development of the vaccine, possible side effects, and possible long-term complications may be contributory to the poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among the study respondents.

Background: The importance of radiology in this era of evidence-based medicine cannot be disputed. This has resulted in the increase in demand for radiologists. Thus, the issue of whether there would be sufficient numbers of medical students to meet this growing demand needs further probing. Purpose: To assess Ghanaian clinical medical students’ perceptions about a career in radiology. Materials and methods: This was an online questionnaire-based survey of 575 clinical medical students in five public medical schools in Ghana from September 2020 to February 2021. Student's t-test and one way analysis of variance was used to compare means. For the Likert scale questions, differences in the mean Likert scale responses were assessed among various clinical year groups and across gender using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U tests. A logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of the choice of radiology as a career. Results: Most 340 (59.1%) of the participants were males. The average age of participants was 24.64 ± 3.084 years. Students agreed that, radiology is relevant in this era of evidence-based medicine (mean Likert score = 4.62, SD = 0.819), which yielded significant responses in the third clinical year (p = 0.004). Nearly 30% of respondents stated they did not receive enough didactic lectures or tutorials in radiology, citing insufficient lectures (89.9%), a lack of lecturers (9.5%), and trouble grasping ideas (0.7%) as their main concerns. 133 (23.1%) stated they would choose radiology as a specialty, with flexible working schedule (61.9%) and high income (68.3%) as their topmost reasons. Less patient contact (8.0%) was the least observed reason. A flexible working schedule increased the choice of radiology as a specialty by 2.319 folds (95% CI: 1.413–3.805, P = 0.001). Teleradiology significantly contributed to the choice of radiology as a career (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Generally, the clinical students had varied but positive perceptions on radiology as a specialty.

Inconsistent training programs for public health emergency (PHE) have been criticized as a contributing factor in PHE's managerial weak points. In response, to analyze the relevant discrepancies among the medical students in the class of 2021 from Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, the present study conducted an online questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised four sections, including the basic information, the subjective cognition in PHE, the rescue knowledge and capabilities of PHE, and the mastery of PHE regulations and psychological intervention abilities. To compare the abovementioned aspects, related data were collected from 235 medical students divided into two groups, namely, clinical medical students (Group A) and preventive medical students (Group B). We found a more positive attitude in PHE (P = 0.014) and a better grasp of the PHE classification (P = 0.027) and the reporting system in group B compared with group A. In addition, even if group B showed the same response capability in communicable diseases as group A, the former had less access to clinical practice, resulting in poorer performance in the noncommunicable diseases during a fire, flood, and traffic accidents (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.002). The different emphasis of each training program contributed to the uneven distribution of abilities and cognition. Meanwhile, the lack of an integrated PHE curriculum led to unsystematic expertise. Hence, to optimize the PHE management system, equal attention should be paid to medical students with diverse majors along with a complete integrated PHE curriculum.

BackgroundAlthough students mastered the composition skills, they lack of the ability to effectively integrate these composition skills in real clinical situations. To address the problem, we set up different levels of situational simulation training for medical students in grades 2–4, and evaluate the teaching effect of first-aid situation comprehensive simulation-based education (SBE) on clinical medical students.MethodsThe medical students in Grade 2, 3, and 4 received different situational SBE, respectively. The 2nd-year medical students received a single skill module which included cardiopulmonary resuscitation, endotracheal intubation, and electric defibrillation training. The 3rd-year medical students received a single subject module which included cardiovascular and respiratory system training. The 4th-year medical students received the integrated multidisciplinary module which combined first-aid skills, clinical thinking, and teamwork training. The primary outcome was the expert evaluation and peer evaluation. The secondary outcome was students' satisfaction questionnaire response. In our training, we arranged an adequate teaching staff for intensive training and timely feedback (the student–teacher ratio of 5:1), adequate time for repetitive practice (Each SBE was carried out within 4 h), curriculum design, and integration from real cases by clinicians, realistic computer-driven mannequins to ensure simulation fidelity, providing a different difficult level of SBE to different grades of students, and pre- and post-tests for outcome measurement.ResultsIn all of the single skill module, single subject module or comprehensive disciplines module, the scores in the expert evaluation and peer assessment after the training were significantly higher than before the training, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The integrated subject training, although having the lowest pre—and post-test marks, had the largest increase in score.ConclusionThe first aid comprehensive simulation-based education in grade 2–4 clinical medical students, basing on timely feedback, repetitive practice, curriculum integration, simulation fidelity, and outcome measurement are effective in improving the students' proficiency in managing the real emergencies.

Objectives: In the pandemic with the scarcity of medical workers dealing with COVID-19, a social distancing policy has implied on delayed clinical rotations among clinical medical students in Indonesia. This situation needs to be further analyzed as clinical medical students can potentially be empowered to back up professional health workers on duty. This study aims at investigating perception and potential contributions of clinical medical students in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic under limited human resources. Methods: Web-based cross-sectional study using an online survey Results: From 1 to 5-rating point, the average scores of level of knowledge (LoK) about COVID-19 symptoms, prevention, and personal protective equipment were 3.86, 3.96, and 3.98, respectively. LoK about prevention was moderately-strong correlated with the interest of the students in providing preventive education (r=0,499, p<0,001). A similar correlation was found between LoK about symptoms and the interest in education about severity (r=0,424, p<0,001). However, LoK about Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) had a weak correlation with the interest in helping in case a complete PPE is available (r=0,168, p=0,001). Conclusions: From the data, we found that the clinical medical students have a fairly to very good level of knowledge about symptoms, prevention, and PPE. The clinical medical students have relatively strong interest to help the medical workers provide health services during the pandemic if proper PPE is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Acquisition of research experience by medical students is associated with good research pathway at the postgraduate level and also in the pursuit of a research career. Also, it assists the physician to make evidence based decisions in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: Aim of study was to determine the perception of research and predictors of research career among clinical medical students of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki,southeast Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used. All clinical medical students of Ebonyi State University who were willing to participate were included in the study. Information was obtained using a self administered questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of235students participated in the study, (response rate, 87.0%) .The mean age was 24.8±2.8 years and majority,61.3% were males. Majority,96.6% were of the opinion that research is important in the practice of Medicine, 66.4% opted for a mandatory research time in medical school and 18.3% agreed that students were encouraged to participate in research. A minor proportion,24.3% have ever participated in research apart from the mandatory student projects and 40.4% intend to pursue a career in research. Barriers to students' involvement in research included lack of funding,43.4%,lack of time,23.8% and lack of mentoring,22.1%.Predictors of research as a career among the students included being a male student, (AOR=2.1;95% CI:1.1-2.8), previous participation in research,(AOR=2.0;95% CI:1.1-5.8),and students that had career guidance,(AOR=3.7;95% CI:2.0-7.0), CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the students have a good perception of research. However only a minor proportion have participated in research and were willing to pursue a career in research. There is the need to encourage and motivate the students towards having interest in health research while also addressing the identified barriers. Career guidance should be institutionalized in our medical schools.

Background: The importance of radiology in this era of evidence-based medicine cannot be disputed. This has resulted in the increase in demand for radiologists. Thus, the issue of whether there would be sufficient numbers of medical students to meet this growing demand needs further probing., Purpose: To assess Ghanaian clinical medical students' perceptions about a career in radiology., Materials and Methods: This was an online questionnaire-based survey of 575 clinical medical students in five public medical schools in Ghana from September 2020 to February 2021. Student's t-test and one way analysis of variance was used to compare means. For the Likert scale questions, differences in the mean Likert scale responses were assessed among various clinical year groups and across gender using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. A logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of the choice of radiology as a career., Results: Most 340 (59.1%) of the participants were males. The average age of participants was 24.64 ± 3.084 years. Students agreed that, radiology is relevant in this era of evidence-based medicine (mean Likert score = 4.62, SD = 0.819), which yielded significant responses in the third clinical year (p = 0.004). Nearly 30% of respondents stated they did not receive enough didactic lectures or tutorials in radiology, citing insufficient lectures (89.9%), a lack of lecturers (9.5%), and trouble grasping ideas (0.7%) as their main concerns. 133 (23.1%) stated they would choose radiology as a specialty, with flexible working schedule (61.9%) and high income (68.3%) as their topmost reasons. Less patient contact (8.0%) was the least observed reason. A flexible working schedule increased the choice of radiology as a specialty by 2.319 folds (95% CI: 1.413-3.805, P = 0.001). Teleradiology significantly contributed to the choice of radiology as a career (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: Generally, the clinical students had varied but positive perceptions on radiology as a specialty., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Inconsistent training programs for public health emergency (PHE) have been criticized as a contributing factor in PHE's managerial weak points. In response, to analyze the relevant discrepancies among the medical students in the class of 2021 from Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, the present study conducted an online questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised four sections, including the basic information, the subjective cognition in PHE, the rescue knowledge and capabilities of PHE, and the mastery of PHE regulations and psychological intervention abilities. To compare the abovementioned aspects, related data were collected from 235 medical students divided into two groups, namely, clinical medical students (Group A) and preventive medical students (Group B). We found a more positive attitude in PHE ( P = 0.014) and a better grasp of the PHE classification ( P = 0.027) and the reporting system in group B compared with group A. In addition, even if group B showed the same response capability in communicable diseases as group A, the former had less access to clinical practice, resulting in poorer performance in the noncommunicable diseases during a fire, flood, and traffic accidents ( P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.002). The different emphasis of each training program contributed to the uneven distribution of abilities and cognition. Meanwhile, the lack of an integrated PHE curriculum led to unsystematic expertise. Hence, to optimize the PHE management system, equal attention should be paid to medical students with diverse majors along with a complete integrated PHE curriculum., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yu, Qin, Liao, Yang, Wen, Wu and Rong.)

Background: Although students mastered the composition skills, they lack of the ability to effectively integrate these composition skills in real clinical situations. To address the problem, we set up different levels of situational simulation training for medical students in grades 2-4, and evaluate the teaching effect of first-aid situation comprehensive simulation-based education (SBE) on clinical medical students., Methods: The medical students in Grade 2, 3, and 4 received different situational SBE, respectively. The 2nd-year medical students received a single skill module which included cardiopulmonary resuscitation, endotracheal intubation, and electric defibrillation training. The 3rd-year medical students received a single subject module which included cardiovascular and respiratory system training. The 4th-year medical students received the integrated multidisciplinary module which combined first-aid skills, clinical thinking, and teamwork training. The primary outcome was the expert evaluation and peer evaluation. The secondary outcome was students' satisfaction questionnaire response. In our training, we arranged an adequate teaching staff for intensive training and timely feedback (the student-teacher ratio of 5:1), adequate time for repetitive practice (Each SBE was carried out within 4 h), curriculum design, and integration from real cases by clinicians, realistic computer-driven mannequins to ensure simulation fidelity, providing a different difficult level of SBE to different grades of students, and pre- and post-tests for outcome measurement., Results: In all of the single skill module, single subject module or comprehensive disciplines module, the scores in the expert evaluation and peer assessment after the training were significantly higher than before the training, and the differences were statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The integrated subject training, although having the lowest pre-and post-test marks, had the largest increase in score., Conclusion: The first aid comprehensive simulation-based education in grade 2-4 clinical medical students, basing on timely feedback, repetitive practice, curriculum integration, simulation fidelity, and outcome measurement are effective in improving the students' proficiency in managing the real emergencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Peng, Su, Hou, Geng, Cai, Zhong, Zhang, Zhong, Yang and Cao.)