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The potential politicizing effects of a film or media text are often inferred from the political personae or directly expressed intentions of those involved in its making, from the presence of a political auteur-director to the mass-media friendly apolitical self-identifications of certain stars. Analyzing ethnographic material that deals with film viewers’ memories of cinema cultures, this chapter explores the possibilities and limitations of politicizing an audience through cinema. The chapter explores film fans’ memories of this era, in order to understand how cinema culture and film theatres are remembered in relation to an individual’s sense of their own politicization or depoliticization. It explores the politicized state of the cinema audience at the end of the 1950s through a case study focused on one politically inclined film-viewing group in the northwest region of Kyoto, which was the first iteration of the group now known as the Kinugasa eiga kai.

Background Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumption patterns affect planetary health. We aimed to quantify global, regional, and national consumption levels of animal-source foods (ASF) to inform intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities. Methods Individual-level dietary surveys across 185 countries conducted between 1990 and 2018 were identified, obtained, standardised, and assessed among children and adults, jointly stratified by age, sex, education level, and rural versus urban residence. We included 499 discrete surveys (91·2% nationally or subnationally representative) with data for ASF (unprocessed red meat, processed meat, eggs, seafood, milk, cheese, and yoghurt), comprising 3·8 million individuals from 134 countries representing 95·2% of the world population in 2018. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to account for differences in survey methods and representativeness, time trends, and input data and modelling uncertainty, with five-fold cross-validation. Findings In 2018, mean global intake per person of unprocessed red meat was 51 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48–54; region-specific range 7–114 g/day); 17 countries (23·9% of the world's population) had mean intakes of at least one serving (100 g) per day. Global mean intake of processed meat was 17 g/day (95% UI 15–21 g/day; region-specific range 3–54 g/day); seafood, 28 g/day (27–30 g/day; 12–44 g/day); eggs, 21 g/day (18–24 g/day; 6–35 g/day); milk 88 g/day (84–93 g/day; 45–185 g/day); cheese, 8 g/day (8–10 g/day; 1–34 g/day); and yoghurt, 20 g/day (17–23 g/day; 7–84 g/day). Mean national intakes were at least one serving per day for processed meat (≥50 g/day) in countries representing 6·9% of the global population; for cheese (≥42 g/day) in 2·3%; for eggs (≥55 g/day) in 0·7%; for milk (≥245 g/day) in 0·3%; for seafood (≥100 g/day) in 0·8%; and for yoghurt (≥245 g/day) in less than 0·1%. Among the 25 most populous countries in 2018, total ASF intake was highest in Russia (5·8 servings per day), Germany (3·8 servings per day), and the UK (3·7 servings per day), and lowest in Tanzania (0·9 servings per day) and India (0·7 servings per day). Global and regional intakes of ASF were generally similar by sex. Compared with children, adults generally consumed more unprocessed red meat, seafood and cheese, and less milk; energy-adjusted intakes of other ASF were more similar. Globally, ASF intakes (servings per week) were higher among more-educated versus less-educated adults, with greatest global differences for milk (0·79), eggs (0·47), unprocessed red meat (0·42), cheese (0·28), seafood (0·28), yoghurt (0·22), and processed meat (0·21). This was also true for urban compared to rural areas, with largest global differences (servings per week) for unprocessed red meat (0·47), milk (0·38), and eggs (0·20). Between 1990 and 2018, global intakes (servings per week) increased for unprocessed red meat (1·20), eggs (1·18), milk (0·63), processed meat (0·50), seafood (0·44), and cheese (0·14). Interpretation Our estimates of ASF consumption identify populations with both lower and higher than optimal intakes. These estimates can inform the targeting of intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities relevant to both human and planetary health.

In his important papers [16], [17], Wiles proved in most cases the so-called main conjecture for the cyclotomic Zp-extension of any totally real base field F, for all odd primes p, and for all abelian characters of Gal(Q¯ /F) (we say most cases because his work only establishes the main conjecture up to µ-invariants for those abelian characters whose order is divisible by p). It would be technically too difficult for us in these introductory lectures to attempt to explain his proof in this generality. Instead, we have chosen the much more modest path of giving a sketch of his proof in the very special case that F = Q, and for all abelian characters of Q of p-power conductor. In fact, our account of Wiles’ proof in this case has been directly inspired by a series of lectures on this theme, which we attended, given by Chris Skinner in an instructional conference held at the Centre of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in August 2004.

The Africa we see on Japanese and Chinese screens generally bears little relation to the geographic region and its socio-political and historical concerns. Yet since the popular Tarzan films that swept the 1920s Japanese box office, an imagined Africa has played a significant role in film texts that explore East Asian identities and their implications for global futures in the context of natural and man-made disaster. From narrative blockbusters such as Japan’s Tarzan to indie horror films such as World Apartment Horror, African bodies and places reflect forms of collectivity imagined as lost, past, or missing, as well as the unresolved issues that this loss may produce. In documentaries like Ryūichi Sakamoto: Coda, these pasts also present potential solutions for the impending disasters of the Anthropocene. In contemporary Chinese cinema, Africa also embodies both a ‘lost past’ and a potential future. In films such as Wolf Warrior II, an imagined African locale presents both threats and promises in a climate of tense geopolitical and biopolitical change where China, rather than ‘the West’, will provide solutions. The tropes utilised in this film borrow from stereotypical African-inspired imagery in their depiction of violent hordes of sick and starving people unimpeded by the rule of law, yet the bodies of idealised young Africans also represent new possibilities to come. In this way, a stereotyped Africa figures in East Asian cinema as a reflexive temporal fold for imagining both lost pasts and uncertain futures.\ud \ud \ud \ud Note: Romanised Japanese film titles have been marked JPN and Chinese film titles CHN.

Heung Wah Wong and Hoi-yan Yau’s The Japanese Adult Video Industry is one of the first English-language ethnographic accounts of the business of Japanese pornography. While there have previously be...

UK sonographers and ultrasound practitioners working in obstetric ultrasound settings deliver unexpected findings to expectant parents as standard. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the specific words, phrases and behaviours that represent best practice when communicating these findings. The current document contains consensus guidelines for news delivery which were initially generated during a one-day workshop attended by 28 stakeholders including interdisciplinary healthcare professionals, policy experts, representatives from third-sector organisations, lay experts and academic researchers. The draft guidelines were then circulated among the wider reading group which included the initial workshop attendees and an additional 11 contributors. Feedback was incorporated into the document until consensus was reached. The guidelines provide specific suggestions for words and phrases which sonographers and ultrasound practitioners can use in various news delivery scenarios which may arise in Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) and Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme (FASP) settings.

This chapter draws from an ethno-historical investigation of Japanese film reception to demonstrate how physical access to and interaction within the cinema theater shaped the transmission of postwar film content, and thereby impacted on the bodily practices of the postwar cinema audience.

The Japanese Cinema Book provides a new and comprehensive survey of one of the world's most fascinating and widely admired film-making regions.

Radiotherapy (XRT) is used in over half of all cancer treatment regimens and can be administered alone or in tandem with chemotherapeutics to improve clinical outcomes. Sub-physiological levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a feature of many solid tumours and can diminish the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments. Though its detrimental impact on treatment efficacy was first realised over half a century ago, hypoxia endures as a significant barrier to improving clinical outcomes. Historically, numerous approaches to alleviate or even exploit tumour hypoxia have been explored; however, none are in widespread clinical use today. Most strategies were predicated on therapeutic agents reaching hypoxic areas that are difficult to penetrate, yielding minimal clinical efficacy. Attempting to increase oxygen supply directly via hyperbaric chambers was similarly ineffective. An emerging alternative approach based on modulating cellular demand for oxygen was recently pioneered by our team. We theorised that reducing oxygen consumption of cells that are located in adequately perfused areas and peri-hypoxic regions might increase the concentration of unmetabolised oxygen able to diffuse across a tumour bed and into hypoxic areas. Using a high-throughput small molecule screen, our team previously identified that the FDA-approved, anti-malarial drug Atovaquone (ATQ) reduces oxygen consumption, upregulates glycolysis, and alleviates tumour hypoxia in vivo. As a consequence of the alleviation of hypoxia, ATQ therapy was furthermore shown to synergise with XRT. ATQ is a ubiquinone analogue, suppressing oxidative phosphorylation via direct inhibition of Complex III subunit bc1 of the electron transport chain (ETC). ATQ is a well-studied anti-malarial agent and our team is actively undertaking multiple clinical studies to evaluate its suitability as a clinical hypoxia modifier. This thesis builds on our teams’ previous work by exploring the broader effects of ATQ in an anti-cancer setting. The first experimental chapter (Chapter 3) probes the reversibility and tolerability of ATQ in vitro and in vivo before exploring preliminary mechanistic dependencies for how ATQ reverses hypoxia. Metabolic reprogramming towards a more glycolytic phenotype has long been implicated as a key promoter of aggressiveness and metastatic spread and so Chapter 4 probes the effects of ATQ on cancer cell migration in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo. In the last experimental chapter (Chapter 5), we reveal that ATQ potentiates the anti-cancer efficacy of platinum-class chemotherapy agents by modulating ETC-driven oxidative stress. Chapter 6 summarises the findings of the thesis as a whole and discusses future directions. Together, the data presented in this thesis suggests that ATQ is a translationally viable and well-tolerated hypoxia modifying agent having pleotropic effects that are undoubtedly deserving of further study.

Trade and consumption of food in the Sino-Japanese context connects the two countries’ tense political relationship to the everyday lives of its citizens. Previous research has shown how food-related incidents have imbued Sino-Japanese relations with political and moral discourse that connects security concerns to everyday fears. This article explores how young Chinese people in Japan navigate multiple moral economies related to food. Through analysis of “products” ( chanpin/shipin) and “cuisine” ( cai/liaoli), this article shows the differing meanings of Chinese moral economies of food from the perspective of young Chinese people living in Japan. In the Sino-Japanese context, products embody more metonymic and nationalised values associated with modernity, whereas the metaphoric possibilities of cuisine afford young Chinese people to negotiate dominant moral economies of food in Japan. Using this example, I argue that greater semiotic attention needs to be paid to the multiple meanings of food and its moral economies.