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1. Enhanced El Niño Southern Oscillation Variability in Recent Decades

Author

Grothe, Pamela R, Cobb, Kim M, Liguori, Giovanni, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Capotondi, Antonietta, Lu, Yanbin, Cheng, Hai, Edwards, R. Lawrence, Southon, John R, Santos, Guaciara M, Deocampo, Daniel M, Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, Chen, Tianran, Sayani, Hussein R, Thompson, Diane M, Conroy, Jessica L, Moore, Andrea L, Townsend, Kayla, Hagos, Melat, O'Connor, Gemma, and Toth, Lauren T

Published
2020

3. Changing El Niño–Southern Oscillation in a warming climate

Author

Cai, Wenju, Santoso, Agus, Collins, Matthew, Dewitte, Boris, Karamperidou, Christina, Kug, Jong-Seong, Lengaigne, Matthieu, McPhaden, Michael J., Stuecker, Malte F., Taschetto, Andréa S., Timmermann, Axel, Wu, Lixin, Yeh, Sang-Wook, Wang, Guojian, Ng, Benjamin, Jia, Fan, Yang, Yun, Ying, Jun, Zheng, Xiao-Tong, Bayr, Tobias, Brown, Josephine R., Capotondi, Antonietta, Cobb, Kim M., Gan, Bolan, Geng, Tao, Ham, Yoo-Geun, Jin, Fei-Fei, Jo, Hyun-Su, Li, Xichen, Lin, Xiaopei, McGregor, Shayne, Park, Jae-Heung, Stein, Karl, Yang, Kai, Zhang, Li, and Zhong, Wenxiu

Published
2021
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4. Modes of climate variability: Synthesis and review of proxy-based reconstructions through the Holocene

Author

Hernández, Armand, Martin-Puertas, Celia, Moffa-Sánchez, Paola, Moreno-Chamarro, Eduardo, Ortega, Pablo, Blockley, Simon, Cobb, Kim M., Comas-Bru, Laia, Giralt, Santiago, Goosse, Hugues, Luterbacher, Jürg, Martrat, Belen, Muscheler, Raimund, Parnell, Andrew, Pla-Rabes, Sergi, Sjolte, Jesper, Scaife, Adam A., Swingedouw, Didier, Wise, Erika, and Xu, Guobao

Published
2020
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9. Coral records of central tropical Pacific radiocarbon variability during the last millennium

Author

Zaunbrecher, Laura K, Cobb, Kim M, Beck, J. Warren, Charles, Christopher D, Druffel, Ellen R. M, Fairbanks, Richard G, Griffin, Sheila, and Sayani, Hussein R

Subjects
cal kyr bp, equatorial pacific, el-nino, galapagos-islands, age calibration, surface ocean, c-14 record, diagenesis, climate, currents
Abstract

The relationship between decadal to centennial changes in ocean circulation and climate is difficult to discern using the sparse and discontinuous instrumental record of climate and, as such, represents a large uncertainty in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. We present new modern and fossil coral radiocarbon (Δ14C) records from Palmyra (6°N, 162°W) and Christmas (2°N, 157°W) islands to constrain central tropical Pacific ocean circulation changes during the last millennium. Seasonally to annually resolved coral Δ14C measurements from the 10th, 12th–17th, and 20th centuries do not contain significant interannual to decadal-scale variations, despite large changes in coral δ 18O on these timescales. A centennial-scale increase in coral radiocarbon from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (∼900–1200 AD) to the Little Ice Age (∼1500–1800) can be largely explained by changes in the atmospheric Δ14C, as determined with a box model of Palmyra mixed layer Δ14C. However, large 12th century depletions in Palmyra coral Δ14C may reflect as much as a 100% increase in upwelling rates and/or a significant decrease in the Δ14C of higher-latitude source waters reaching the equatorial Pacific during this time. SEM photos reveal evidence for minor dissolution and addition of secondary aragonite in the fossil corals, but our results suggest that coral Δ14C is only compromised after moderate to severe diagenesis for these relatively young fossil corals.

Published
2010

12. Climate research priorities for policy-makers, practitioners, and scientists in Georgia, USA

Author

Rudd, Murray A., Moore, Althea F. P., Rochberg, Daniel, Bianchi-Fossati, Lisa, Brown, Marilyn A., D’Onofrio, David, Furman, Carrie A., Garcia, Jairo, Jordan, Ben, Kline, Jennifer, Risse, L. Mark, Yager, Patricia L., Abbinett, Jessica, Alber, Merryl, Bell, Jesse E., Bhedwar, Cyrus, Cobb, Kim M., Cohen, Juliet, Cox, Matt, Dormer, Myriam, Dunkley, Nyasha, Farley, Heather, Gambill, Jill, Goldstein, Mindy, Harris, Garry, Hopkinson, Melissa, James, Jean-Ann, Kidd, Susan, Knox, Pam, Liu, Yang, Matisoff, Daniel C., Meyer, Michael D., Mitchem, Jamie D., Moore, Katherine, Ono, Aspen J., Philipsborn, Jon, Sendall, Kerrie M., Shafiei, Fatemeh, Shepherd, Marshall, Teebken, Julia, and Worley, Ashby N.

Published
2018
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13. El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity

Author

Timmermann, Axel, An, Soon-Il, Kug, Jong-Seong, Jin, Fei-Fei, Cai, Wenju, Capotondi, Antonietta, Cobb, Kim M., Lengaigne, Matthieu, McPhaden, Michael J., Stuecker, Malte F., Stein, Karl, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Yun, Kyung-Sook, Bayr, Tobias, Chen, Han-Ching, Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu, Dewitte, Boris, Dommenget, Dietmar, Grothe, Pamela, Guilyardi, Eric, Ham, Yoo-Geun, Hayashi, Michiya, Ineson, Sarah, Kang, Daehyun, Kim, Sunyong, Kim, WonMoo, Lee, June-Yi, Li, Tim, Luo, Jing-Jia, McGregor, Shayne, Planton, Yann, Power, Scott, Rashid, Harun, Ren, Hong-Li, Santoso, Agus, Takahashi, Ken, Todd, Alexander, Wang, Guomin, Wang, Guojian, Xie, Ruihuang, Yang, Woo-Hyun, Yeh, Sang-Wook, Yoon, Jinho, Zeller, Elke, and Zhang, Xuebin

Published
2018
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14. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited

Author

Newman, Matthew, Alexander, Michael A., Ault, Toby R., Cobb, Kim M., Deser, Clara, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Mantua, Nathan J., Miller, Arthur J., Minobe, Shoshiro, Nakamura, Hisashi, Schneider, Niklas, Vimont, Daniel J., Phillips, Adam S., Scott, James D., and Smith, Catherine A.

Published
2016

15. The CoralHydro2k database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ18O and Sr ∕ Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era

Author

Walter, Rachel M., Sayani, Hussein R., Felis, Thomas, Cobb, Kim M., Abram, Nerilie J., Arzey, Ariella K., Atwood, Alyssa R., Brenner, Logan D., Dassié, Émilie P., DeLong, Kristine L., Ellis, Bethany, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fischer, Matthew J., Goodkin, Nathalie F., Hargreaves, Jessica A., Kilbourne, K. Halimeda, Krawczyk, Hedwig, McKay, Nicholas P., Moore, Andrea L., Murty, Sujata A., Ong, Maria Rosabelle, Ramos, Riovie D., Reed, Emma V., Samanta, Dhrubajyoti, Sanchez, Sara C., Zinke, Jens, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members

Abstract

The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw), a measure of hydrological variability. Increasingly, coral δ18O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and δ18Osw variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database, a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral Sr/Ca and δ18O records from the Common Era (CE). The database contains 54 paired Sr/Ca–δ18O records and 125 unpaired Sr/Ca or δ18O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to the present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models, and application in paleodata-assimilation projects. The CoralHydro2k database is available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format with serializations in MATLAB, R, and Python and can be downloaded from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information's Paleoclimate Data Archive at https://doi.org/10.25921/yp94-v135 (Walter et al., 2022).

Published
2023

16. Data Descriptor: Daily observations of stable isotope ratios of rainfall in the tropics

Author

Munksgaard, Niels C., Kurita, Naoyuki, Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Ahmed, Nasir, Araguas, Luis, Balachew, Dagnachew L., Bird, Michael I., Chakraborty, Supriyo, Kien Chinh, Nguyen, Cobb, Kim M., Ellis, Shelby A., Esquivel-Hernández, Germain, Ganyaglo, Samuel Y., Gao, Jing, Gastmans, Didier, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kebede, Seifu, Morales, Marcelo R., Mueller, Moritz, Poh, Seng Chee, Santos, Vinícius dos, Shaoneng, He, Wang, Lixin, Yacobaccio, Hugo, and Zwart, Costijn

Published
2019
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21. The CoralHydro2k Database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ18O and Sr / Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era

Author

Walter, Rachel M., Sayani, Hussein R., Felis, Thomas, Cobb, Kim M., Abram, Nerilie J., Arzey, Ariella K., Atwood, Alyssa R., Brenner, Logan D., Dassié, Émilie P., DeLong, Kristine L., Ellis, Bethany, Fischer, Matthew J., Goodkin, Nathalie F., Hargreaves, Jessica A., Kilbourne, K. Halimeda, Krawczyk, Hedwig, McKay, Nicholas P., Murty, Sujata A., Ramos, Riovie D., Reed, Emma V., Samanta, Dhrubajyoti, Sanchez, Sara C., Zinke, Jens, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members

Abstract

The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Most coral-based reconstructions utilize stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) that tracks the combined change in sea surface temperature (SST) and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (δ18Osw), a measure of hydrologic variability. Increasingly, coral δ18O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr / Ca), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and δ18Osw variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database: a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral Sr / Ca and δ18O records from the Common Era. The database contains 54 paired Sr / Ca-δ18O records and 125 unpaired Sr / Ca or δ18O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models – and application in paleo-data assimilation projects.The CoralHydro2k database will be available on the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information’s Paleoclimate data service with serializations in MATLAB, R, Python, and LiPD.

Published
2022

27. The CoralHydro2k database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ18O and Sr / Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era.

Author

Walter, Rachel M., Sayani, Hussein R., Felis, Thomas, Cobb, Kim M., Abram, Nerilie J., Arzey, Ariella K., Atwood, Alyssa R., Brenner, Logan D., Dassié, Émilie P., DeLong, Kristine L., Ellis, Bethany, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fischer, Matthew J., Goodkin, Nathalie F., Hargreaves, Jessica A., Kilbourne, K. Halimeda, Krawczyk, Hedwig, McKay, Nicholas P., Moore, Andrea L., and Murty, Sujata A.

Subjects
DATABASES, OCEAN temperature, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, CORALS, DATA libraries
Abstract

The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18 O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18 O sw), a measure of hydrological variability. Increasingly, coral δ18 O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and δ18 O sw variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database, a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral Sr/Ca and δ18 O records from the Common Era (CE). The database contains 54 paired Sr/Ca – δ18 O records and 125 unpaired Sr/Ca or δ18 O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to the present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models, and application in paleodata-assimilation projects. The CoralHydro2k database is available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format with serializations in MATLAB, R, and Python and can be downloaded from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information's Paleoclimate Data Archive at 10.25921/yp94-v135 (Walter et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Author Correction: El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity

Author

Timmermann, Axel, An, Soon-Il, Kug, Jong-Seong, Jin, Fei-Fei, Cai, Wenju, Capotondi, Antonietta, Cobb, Kim M., Lengaigne, Matthieu, McPhaden, Michael J., Stuecker, Malte F., Stein, Karl, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Yun, Kyung-Sook, Bayr, Tobias, Chen, Han-Ching, Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu, Dewitte, Boris, Dommenget, Dietmar, Grothe, Pamela, Guilyardi, Eric, Ham, Yoo-Geun, Hayashi, Michiya, Ineson, Sarah, Kang, Daehyun, Kim, Sunyong, Kim, WonMoo, Lee, June-Yi, Li, Tim, Luo, Jing-Jia, McGregor, Shayne, Planton, Yann, Power, Scott, Rashid, Harun, Ren, Hong-Li, Santoso, Agus, Takahashi, Ken, Todd, Alexander, Wang, Guomin, Wang, Guojian, Xie, Ruihuang, Yang, Woo-Hyun, Yeh, Sang-Wook, Yoon, Jinho, Zeller, Elke, and Zhang, Xuebin

Published
2019
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29. Comparing Proxy and Model Estimates of Hydroclimate Variability and Change over the Common Era

Author

Smerdon, Jason E, Luterbacher, Jurg, Phipps, Steven J, Anchukaitis, Kevin J, Ault, Toby, Coats, Sloan, Cobb, Kim M, Cook, Benjamin I, Colose, Chris, Felis, Thomas, Gallant, Ailie, Jungclaus, Johann H, Konecky, Bronwen, LeGrande, Allegra, Lewis, Sophie, Lopatka, Alex S, Man, Wenmin, Mankin, Justin S, Maxwell, Justin T, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L, Partin, Judson W, Singh, Deepti, Steiger, Nathan J, Stevenson, Samantha, Tierney, Jessica E, Zanchettin, Davide, Zhang, Huan, Atwood , Alyssa R, Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Baek, Seung H, Buckley, Brendan, Cook, Edward R, D’Arrigo, Rosanne, Dee, Sylvia G, Griffiths, Michael L, Kulkarni, Charuta, Kushnir, Yochanan, Lehner, Flavio, Leland, Caroline, Linderholm, Hans W, Okazaki, Atsushi, Palmer, Jonathan, Piovano, Eduardo, Raible, Christoph C, Rao, Mukund P, Scheff, Jacob, Schmidt, Gavin A, Seager, Richard, Widmann, Martin, Williams, A. Park, and Xoplaki, Elena

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal to centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate simulations from climate models are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight the contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as is a discussion of expected improvements in estimated radiative forcings, models, and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy-model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons and how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations.We subsequently explore means of using proxy-model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy-model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.

Published
2017
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36. Central Equatorial Pacific Warming and Freshening in the Twentieth Century: Insights From a Coral Ensemble Approach

Author

Hitt, Nicholas T., primary, Sayani, Hussein R., additional, Atwood, Alyssa R., additional, Grothe, Pamela R., additional, Maupin, Christopher, additional, O’Connor, Gemma K., additional, Walter, Rachel M., additional, Gebregiorgis, Daniel, additional, Hardt, Madeleine E., additional, Lu, Yanbin, additional, Cheng, Hai, additional, Edwards, R. Lawrence, additional, and Cobb, Kim M., additional

Published
2021
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37. Coral Oxygen Isotopic Records Capture the 2015/2016 El Niño Event in the Central Equatorial Pacific

Author

O’Connor, Gemma K., primary, Cobb, Kim M., additional, Sayani, Hussein R., additional, Atwood, Alyssa R., additional, Grothe, Pamela R., additional, Stevenson, Samantha, additional, Baum, Julia K., additional, Chen, Tianran, additional, Claar, Danielle C., additional, Hitt, Nicholas T., additional, Lynch‐Stieglitz, Jean, additional, Mortlock, Richard A., additional, Schmidt, Gavin A., additional, and Walter, Rachel, additional

Published
2021
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38. Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability, and prospects

Author

Power, Scott, primary, Lengaigne, Matthieu, additional, Capotondi, Antonietta, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Vialard, Jérôme, additional, Jebri, Beyrem, additional, Guilyardi, Eric, additional, McGregor, Shayne, additional, Kug, Jong-Seong, additional, Newman, Matthew, additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Meehl, Gerald, additional, Smith, Doug, additional, Cole, Julia, additional, Emile-Geay, Julien, additional, Vimont, Daniel, additional, Wittenberg, Andrew T., additional, Collins, Mat, additional, Kim, Geon-Il, additional, Cai, Wenju, additional, Okumura, Yuko, additional, Chung, Christine, additional, Cobb, Kim M., additional, Delage, François, additional, Planton, Yann Y., additional, Levine, Aaron, additional, Zhu, Feng, additional, Sprintall, Janet, additional, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, additional, Zhang, Xuebin, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Lin, Xiaopei, additional, Balmaseda, Magdalena, additional, Wang, Guojian, additional, and Henley, Benjamin J., additional

Published
2021
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40. Coral oxygen isotope and in situ records capture the 2015/2016 El Niño event in the central equatorial Pacific

Author

O'Connor, Gemma K., primary, Cobb, Kim M., additional, Sayani, Hussein R, additional, Atwood, Alyssa R., additional, Grothe, Pamela R., additional, Stevenson, Samantha, additional, Baum, Julia K, additional, Chen, Tianran, additional, Claar, Danielle, additional, Hitt, Nicholas, additional, Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, additional, Schmidt, Gavin A., additional, and Walter, Rachel M., additional

Published
2021
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42. Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability, and prospects

Author

Power, Scott, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Capotondi, Antonietta, Khodri, Myriam, Vialard, Jerome, Jebri, Beyrem, Guilyardi, Eric, Mcgregor, Shayne, Kug, Jong-seong, Newman, Matthew, Mcphaden, Michael J., Meehl, Gerald, Smith, Doug, Cole, Julia, Emile-geay, Julien, Vimont, Daniel, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Collins, Mat, Kim, Geon-il, Cai, Wenju, Okumura, Yuko, Chung, Christine, Cobb, Kim M., Delage, Francois, Planton, Yann Y., Levine, Aaron, Zhu, Feng, Sprintall, Janet, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Zhang, Xuebin, Luo, Jing-jia, Lin, Xiaopei, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Wang, Guojian, Henley, Benjamin J., Power, Scott, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Capotondi, Antonietta, Khodri, Myriam, Vialard, Jerome, Jebri, Beyrem, Guilyardi, Eric, Mcgregor, Shayne, Kug, Jong-seong, Newman, Matthew, Mcphaden, Michael J., Meehl, Gerald, Smith, Doug, Cole, Julia, Emile-geay, Julien, Vimont, Daniel, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Collins, Mat, Kim, Geon-il, Cai, Wenju, Okumura, Yuko, Chung, Christine, Cobb, Kim M., Delage, Francois, Planton, Yann Y., Levine, Aaron, Zhu, Feng, Sprintall, Janet, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Zhang, Xuebin, Luo, Jing-jia, Lin, Xiaopei, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Wang, Guojian, and Henley, Benjamin J.

Abstract

Climate variability in the tropical Pacific affects global climate on a wide range of time scales. On interannual time scales, the tropical Pacific is home to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Decadal variations and changes in the tropical Pacific, referred to here collectively as tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV), also profoundly affect the climate system. Here, we use TPDV to refer to any form of decadal climate variability or change that occurs in the atmosphere, the ocean, and over land within the tropical Pacific. "Decadal," which we use in a broad sense to encompass multiyear through multidecadal time scales, includes variability about the mean state on decadal time scales, externally forced mean-state changes that unfold on decadal time scales, and decadal variations in the behavior of higher-frequency modes like ENSO.

Published
2021
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43. Millennial-scale trends in west Pacific warm pool hydrology since the last glacial maximum

Author

Partin, Judson W., Cobb, Kim M., Adkins, Jess F., Clark, Brian, and Fernandez, Diego P.

Subjects
Tropics -- Environmental aspects, Hydrology -- Research -- Forecasts and trends -- Environmental aspects, Climatic changes -- Causes of -- Forecasts and trends -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Market trend/market analysis, Research, Causes of, Environmental aspects, Forecasts and trends
Abstract

Models and palaeoclimate data suggest that the tropical Pacific climate system plays a key part in the mechanisms underlying orbital-scale and abrupt climate change (1-7). Atmospheric convection over the western [...]

Published
2007

46. El Nino/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium

Author

Cobb, Kim M., Charles, Christopher D., Cheng, Hai, and Edwards, R. Lawrence

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Kim M. Cobb (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Christopher D. Charles [1]; Hai Cheng [3]; R. Lawrence Edwards [3] Despite recent advances in the understanding of the life cycle of [...]

Published
2003
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47. Past ENSO Variability

Author

Emile‐Geay, Julien, primary, Cobb, Kim M., additional, Cole, Julia E., additional, Elliot, Mary, additional, and Zhu, Feng, additional

Published
2020
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