Search

Genetic testing represents a major asset for discriminating between normal antigenic stimulation of B or T cells and malignant, pathological findings. The main difference between those two situations is the heterogenicity of lymphocyte populations as a result of diverse antigenic stimulation for the first situation, compared to single and identical population (clones) for the second situation. The present paper describes one of the many genetic assays capable of discriminating between normal and malignant, characterized by low time-to-result interval, accuracy, simplicity, and low cost comparing to other tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma or serum potassium concentration above the established reference range and is frequently encountered in various pathologies. The potassium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments plays a key role in action potential generation by excitable cells. Serum potassium concentration in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease is usually balanced, but hyperkalemia may develop in patients with acute kidney injury in stage III and IV. According to recent studies, hyperkalemia is a serious complication in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease in IRIS stage II, III and IV. The occurrence and severity of hyperkalemia may also be aggravated by the inadequate administration of potassium in enteral or parenteral fluids, metabolic acidosis, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Excess potassium is continuously excreted by the kidneys, and its concentrations in urine are higher than those in serum. Compromised excretion will predictably lead to both hyperkalemia and azotemia. The extent of these changes is variable and depends on the underlying etiology. Hyperkalemia can be treated by antagonizing its effects on cell membranes with calcium gluconate, or by introducing extracellular potassium into cells with sodium bicarbonate or glucose. Also, the removal of potassium from the body can be done through dialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a higher interest to grow knowledge regarding gastrointestinal microbiota in canine and feline patients. Microbiota gathers more than 500 species of bacteria, viruses, fungus and archaea. This article intends to review and highlight recent research and discoveries regarding the digestive microbiota and its roles in several body functions, such as: metabolism homeostasis, defense against pathogens, education of immunity answer, synthesis or facilitation of a wide range of key nutrients essential for health from food, mental health maintenance, obesity, and dermatology. Through these essential roles, microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the majority of host’s physiological functions. Most studies highlight dysbiosis as a starting point or cofactor in leading to several pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic enteritis, atopy, deficient immunity answer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, depression in humans, or aggressivity in dogs. The preservation of a healthy microbiome proves to be an essential element for health maintenance and disease prevention, or for disease treatment in either humans or pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathology of the perianal glands is among the most frequently encountered diseases in the daily practice of the veterinarian. Visualization of the anal sacs, which are located in distinct places in dogs and cats, is possible through ultrasound examination. Most of the tissue surfaces of the anal sac, occasionally appearing as a thin hyperechoic line, are surrounded by the hypoechoic external sphincter muscle on ultrasonographic examination. Transcutaneous perineal/perianal ultrasound represents a noninvasive method to detect perianal inflammatory disease which can be performed using regular ultrasound probes without special patient preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal dialysis is considered a method of renal function substitution in veterinary medicine, with the role of continuous replacement of renal function through which a hydroelectrolytic and acid-base rebalancing of the feline patient with renal damage, in the absence of fulfilling the endocrine functions and kidney metabolism. The study included patients with stage 2 renal failure, identified in five cats, with stage 3 detected in five individuals, and with stage four detected in 20 felines and 20 cases with acute kidney damage. Peritoneal dialysis was implemented with an accommodation protocol represented by the administration of 15 ml/kg, followed by 30 ml/kg, 45 ml/kg and 60 ml/kg every 4 hours. Representative results were recorded during peritoneal dialysis sessions with 4 shifts per day, with 4 hours of shift time. Cumulative results on the complete analysis of the relevance of peritoneal dialysis on different stages of renal damage indicate a positive therapeutic response by decreasing the biochemical parameters of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequencing techniques represent the gold standard in molecular diagnosis ofautosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), being in this case able to accurately and concretely highlight mutations at the genome level. The PKD1 gene mutation detection technique using the Real Time PCR technique and LNA hydrolysis probes exploits the specific behavior of hybridization LNA probes under the conditions of maximum complementarity with the target sequence and consequently the theoretical possibility of designing two such probes, one for the wild genotype (WT) and the other to identify the point mutation (MUT). The technique of identifying the PKD1 gene mutation using the Real Time PCR technique and FRET type hydrolysis probes consists of a derivation of the Real Time PCR technique, with the detection of amplicons by means of fluorescence with hybridization probes. The technique of identifying the PKD1 gene mutation using the Real Time PCR technique coupled with HRM (High Resolution Melting) involves one of the variants of the Real Time PCR technique, namely the interpretation of the results according to the melting temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic disorders in small animals represent a well investigated area, with numerous genetic events being described along with their specific mechanism. However, for many of those, the diagnostic workflow tends to be tedious and prohibitive from the cost perspective, with costly instruments and reagents. Luckily, there are situations where the diagnosis involves the detection of relatively easy to reveal genetic events, such as point mutations or small indels. The present paper describes the implementation of a Real-Time PCR High-Resolution Melting HRM protocol for canine degenerative myelopathy diagnostic, with numerous advantages regarding sensitivity and robustness as well as ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate diseases represent approximately 8-10% of unsterilized male dogs, presented to doctors for veterinary medical evaluation. Diseases from this category differ in type of involvement, severity, and frequency, from prostatic hyperplasia and cystic changes to more rare and more severe conditions such as prostatitis, prostate abscesses, and prostate tumors. The different causes of prostate disease cannot always be identified by a thorough clinical examination, as the clinical signs do not have a characteristic level of expression, registering similarities for different organ diseases. Developing and recommending diagnostic methods to confirm prostate disease is essential to establish a correct diagnosis that allows an early and appropriate treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the evolution of ultrasound technology in the last decade, the ultrasound of the pancreas became much easier. However, for a proper ultrasound examination of pancreas in cats, in addition to the endowment with ultrasound and high-performance probes, a rich experience is required in the ultrasound technique from the examiner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal distension is a common sign in veterinary medicine. Some patients with abdominal enlargement require emergency intervention, particularly when it is associated with tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension, abdominal pain, prolonged capillary refill time, fever, profound lethargy, and/or weakness. A thorough medical history is vital for assessing the need for such emergent intervention and for developing a complete differential diagnosis list. The medical history should include, but is not limited to the description and duration of clinical signs, of the the pet's environment, travel history, drug administration and previous medical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is defined as an obstruction, usually followed by infarction of arterial beds. Aortic thromboembolism is clinically expressed by hind limb paresis or paralysis, the absence of reflexes, firm pelvic muscularity and hypersensitivity to manipulation, the impossibility of perceiving the femoral pulse, cold and cyanotic limbs. The therapeutic objectives in arterial thromboembolism therapy aim at managing pain, improving circulation and preventing the formation of new thrombi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound in captive marine animals involves particular procedures and intermediate stages, modulated by infrastructure, by the extent to which the examined patient is cooperative in the pre-emergence steps and the type of apparatus used. As in all mammals, structural injuries to internal organs are accompanied by volume changes, ecostructure, ecogeneity and/or topography, aspects that can be identified and quantified by ultrasound, gaining important diagnostic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to synthesize and systematize the risk factors in the appearance of feline hyperthyroidism presented in the literature. It is based on data and statistics extracted from numerous articles made all around the world. Data were processed and systematized based on the following factors: age, race, gender, robe color and fur length, diet, living environment, litter usage, and interaction with various chemicals. Thus, it is noteworthy that hyperthyroidism is more common in senior cats, living indoor, consuming predominantly wet food, and having contact with PBDE and PCB type substances, as well as the fact that cats from a "color point" breed are less likely to develop hyperthyroidism. Many factors have been identified that may favor the disease, but no determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, cholecystitis disorders have suggestive clinical expression for obtaining a presumptive diagnosis, less quantifiable clinical and functional compared to parenchymal organ diseases, which is why we considered it appropriate to deepen and find integrativecorrelative modalities of ultrasound diagnosis in complex multidisciplinary diagnosis of the colecistopathies in the dog. In this context, the ultrasound evaluation allows obtaining data on the gallbladder identification and evaluation, its parietal structure, the topography (in correlation with organs that serve as echomark), the type and quantity of the content, along with the tonus/ presence and intensity of the specific contractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pericardial effusions is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space as a result of the increase in capillary permeability and/or the inability to eliminate it. Etiopathogenetic, clinical and diagnostic coordinates, along with the modalities of curative intervention in percicardial effusions, are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is a method of medical investigation that relies on ultrasound reflecting by tissues. It is a noninvasive and easy to apply method, but the interpretation of the images requires a good knowledge of the semiology and of the physical bases of the ultrasound. The liver is one of the organs best suited to the ultrasound examination due to its size and structural uniformity. The presentation of the ultrasound features of hepatopathies in dogs and cats aims to guide the ultrasound doctor in the detection of liver lesions, their interpretation and the indication of a clear and complete echographic diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiari-like malformation (CLM) is a developmental condition characterized by a mismatch between caudal cranial fossa volume (too small) and the brain parenchyma (too big), causing a caudal herniation of the cerebellum and brainstem into or through the foramen magnum. Secondary to this, a narrowing or blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow at the foramen magnum occurs, leading to an abnormal circulation of the CSF between the brain and the spinal cord. This pressure difference creates fluid filled cavities (syrinxes) inside the spinal cord - syringomyelia (SM). The gold standard in the diagnosis of CLM and SM is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, allowing an accurate examination of the skull, brain and spine, highlighting the presence of any abnormality. Using a specific MRI screening protocol, it allows a classification of the CLM and SM in three grading scales, from grade 0 - normal, to grade 2, applied also as a breeding guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is an increasingly common disease in humans and animals, the consequence of artificializing the living environment, pollution, stress and multiplication of oncoinductor and trigger factors of the disease. Female breast cancer and cancer in bitch occupy the first place, from the point of their frequency, closely followed by lymphoma. The cat is a less affected species of this type of cancer, but inhibitory or substitutive hormonal therapies with synthetic progesterone derivatives have led to an exponential increase in disease frequency in both females and males. The average age of mammary tumors in cat is 10 years, with a realistic interval between 4 and 17 years. In cats, the age at which mammary tumors occur is of low importance for prognosis, except in Siamese breeds, with a double risk of developing mammary carcinomas against all other races. Although no predilection has been demonstrated, some studies show that domesticated short-haired and refined breed cats have a higher incidence than other specimens. Most affected cats are uneutered cats, but the disease may occur in some cases in ovariectomized cats or males. The purpose of this paper is to implement a proper diagnosis and treatment protocol for this problem, which is becoming more and more common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonography has a precise applicability to patients in critical state (in emergency and intensive care), being performed worldwide in each department of a hospital. Ultrasound examination has a long history of utilization, in describing the pathology of abdominal organs and for evaluating their topographical anatomy. The present paper highlights the importance of ultrasonography in abdominal emergency, in urgent disorders in which ultrasound establishes the diagnosis and therapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal ultrasound is one of the most accessible imagistic method used in clinical practice, being the logical choice after patient history and clinical examination in cases of patients with abdominal problems. An ultrasound examination in optimal conditions needs, first of all, ensuring the optimum conditions of examination: a room with controlled luminosity (semi obscure), sufficient time for examination, knowledge and integration of complete clinical information. The examination must follow a certain protocol, with emphasize on the interest area. The sections or incidences of ultrasound examination are: longitudinal, sagittal or axial, and transverse. The evaluation must be dynamic, with the movement in many planes of the organs to be examined, with the modification of the incidence for not to miss lesions located in areas hard to examine. The examiner must have ecoanatomical and ecostructure knowledge of the species examined and to hold in mind the spatial representation of the organs and their anatomical ratio. Before establishing an ultrasound diagnostic, the examiner must know and differentiate the possible pathological changes in comparison with the normal aspect. This paper describes some normal, characteristic aspects of ultrasound anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a metabolic disorder common in horses, characterized by obesity, insulin resistance and laminitis. Diagnosis in Equine Metabolic Syndrome focuses on dynamic recording of insulin resistance while excluding PPID (Cushing’s Syndrome) along with a rigorous nutritional investigation and a complete physical examination. Overall, understanding these pathogenetic mechanisms is crucial for the diagnosis and management of metabolic equine syndrome and associated complications such as laminitis. Weight control, dietary management and appropriate treatment of insulin resistance are important aspects of the clinical and therapeutic approach to EMS in horses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vomitting is the main digestive manifestation with diagnostic significance and represents a true challenge for the veterinarian. As a reflex mechanism, vomitting can be defined as the elimination of the gastric contents through the esophagus, mouth and/or nostrils. In the therapeutic approach, it is mandatory from the beginning to differentiate between central and peripheric vomitting. The clinical significance and the differentiated therapeutic approach implies considering the fact that vomitting can be of single occurance or can be presented under the form of repeated vomitting, at different periods of time, or it can be manifested continuously, such as in acute gastritits or intestinal obstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperadrenocorticism is a common endocrine disorders in ferrets, which differs from the disease seen in humans, dogs, and cats. In humans, dogs and cats an elevated blood cortisol level is responsible for clinical signs, while in ferrets the signs are caused by high concentrations of sex-related steroids (androstenedione, 17a-hydroxy-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol). While over 60% of the cases of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, and cats are caused by a pituitary tumor, in ferrets, the primary cause of the disease is almost always a uni- or bilateral abnormality of the adrenal gland. The measurement of hormone concentrations, however, does not allow differentiation between hyperadrenocorticism and functional ovarian remnant tissue, thus diagnosis is based on clinical. signs in combination with identifying the affected gland during an ultrasonographic examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organs with a rich arterial blood supply such as kidneys, liver, heart, and brain are more sensitive to blood pressure changes. The kidney is a well-vascularized organ and suitable to be evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, which is a non-invasive technique that can be used to estimate the renal vascular resistance by calculation the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). The aim of this paper was to highlight the normal and pathological aspects of renal vascular resistance in dogs and also the ultrasound technique used to determin reliable measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urinary tract, in dog, is found in the abdominal and pelvic cavity, having as components the kidneys and the urinary ways (ureters, uriary bladder and urethra). The urinary tract is affected by a series of serious problems, as incontinence, bacterial infections, neoplasia, obstruction, lithiasis. The urinary tract can be examined from a functional point of view (genera and organ signs), as well as from physical approach, each segment in its own (through general and complementary methods - cathererism, radiologic examination and ultrasound examination). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates an anesthetic protocol for 10 mixed-breed horses (2-22 years old) that have undergone field surgical castration. Premedication was administered intravenously in the left jugular vein with Detomidine (X̅= 0.02 mg/kg). Induction was achieved with a combination of Ketamine (X̅ = 2.38 mg/kg) and Midazolam (X̅ = 0.038 mg/kg), administered intravenously, in the same syringe. Heart rate (X̅= 43.46 bpm), respiratory rate (X̅= 20.65 bpm), capillary refill time (X̅= 1.26 sec), Oxygen saturation (X̅= 85.73), and rectal temperature (X̅= 37.15 °C) were measured from induction until full recovery. We evaluated the time between premedication and induction (T0 - X̅= 5.5 minutes), from induction until lateral recumbency (T1 - X̅= 1.4 minutes), surgery duration (T2 - X̅= 10.5 minutes), time from the surgery until recovery in standing position (T3- X̅= 22.9 minutes). All animals required assistance until complete recovery and were ataxic while standing/walking for T4- X̅= 12.3 minutes. The anesthetic protocol provided good analgesia and muscle relaxation. All horses recovered well and no postoperative complications were seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a relatively common type of cancer in horses, particularly in those with gray or white coats. As horses age, the likelihood of developing melanoma increases, and it is estimated that around 80% of aged populations of gray horses will develop the condition. A 20 year-old grey Standardbred female was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest presenting with insidious weight loss over the past year, depression, inappetance, cutaneous masses and pigmented peri-anal masses likely melanomas. Clinical examination revealed normal respiratory rate, cardiac frequency în normal parameters. Different firm well-circumscribed masses were also palpable in the various locations. The X-ray revealed the absence of pulmonary masses or pathogenetic consequences of primary tumor, without modifications of the pulmonary area and the absence of specific pattern lung. The ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of inhomogeneities with areas of hypoechogenicity, well delimited by a hyperechogenic capsule. The cytological aspects characteristic of the diagnosis of melanoma were presented and identified regardless of the collection site [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus in cats and dogs is a complicated illnes and its monitorisation is a chalLenge for the clinician. Thus, fructosamine indicates high level of blood glucose. The increased value of serum fructosamine is found in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and it reflects the degree of glycaemic control, being useful for an objective and proper monitorisation. This parameter is much more accurate than the value of serum glucose level, especially when dealing with cats, due to the fact that in this type of patients the level of blood glucose can be affected by induced acute stress. This study includes 36 diabetic patients,19 dogs and 17 cats, from the Department of Internal Medicine of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, in the past year, for which frutosamine has been determined. This has been conducted in order to asses quick changes in therapy and to improve glycaemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine gallbladder related diseases are being reported with an increased frequency by specialists working in small animal veterinary medicine. It is presumed that these represent a direct consequence following changes in diet, lifestyle and activity levels of small animals. As a result of increased assertion towards the well-being of pets worldwide, veterinary medicine has evolved by creating and implementing new diagnostic protocols and noninvasive means of investigations, like ultrasonography, which can characterize the presence and intensity of any abnormalities encountered in the canine gallbladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fructosamine is a protein used to monitor and control diabetes mellitus. The concentration of fructosamine is not affected by stress and is therefore ideal for monitoring diabetic animals. This paper aims to update recent data on fructosamine and to highlight the importance of its use in glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhalation anesthesia systems are used in laboratory animal experimentation due to their safety, easily adjustable dosage and rapid return to consciousness. Isoflurane is currently the most common volatile anesthetic used in mouse studies. The study aimed to investigate the influence of isoflurane on the vital functions during inhalation anesthesia in two mouse strains (inbred and outbred), suitable for blood collection and minor surgery. Heart rate, pulse distention, respiratory rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were measured during anesthesia and compared to the same parameters measured on awake animals. Results showed a decrease in the heart rate by 26% during 2% isoflurane anesthesia, while the breath rate decreased by 42%. Oxygen saturation remained at 95%–98% and the vascular distension caused by the pulse was relatively constant. Both groups showed a decrease in the rectal temperature by 1,6-2.2°C during anesthesia, with temperature values normalizing in 1.5-2 hours after anesthesia. The overall effects of isoflurane on mice vital signs were moderate, both induction and recovery from anesthesia proceeded quickly (1-4 minutes), with a rapid return of the animals to their normal state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curative interventions, expensive and long, are often followed by clinical recovery, but with compromise and reduction of weight dynamics and productive growth. In this context, the precocity of the therapeutic approach, together with the consistency and dynamic modulation of the treatment of peri- and neonatal diarrhea syndromes in lambs conditions the recovery of such affected patients (with minimal productive consequences), contributes to ensuring the well-being of the animals and reducing the risk of inducing antibiotic resistance. The research took place between 2022-2023 on 196 lambs of different breed and age, within the county of Tulcea, the locality of Baia. The animals included in the study were divided into 2 groups, namely study group 1 consisting of 98 lambs in which the diagnosis was established clinically and study group 2 consisting of 98 lambs that benefited from a definite etiological diagnosis (rapid Rainbow test Bio K) along with an etiologically oriented and specific therapeutic protocol. The percentage analysis of the mortality rate in the diarrheal syndrome in lambs shows an increased value in lambs treated with non-specific medication compared to lambs in which the therapeutic protocol approached was of an etiological nature where the percentage value is reduced. The calculated productive difference in body weight between etiologically diagnosed and related treated group 4 versus group 1 without etiotropic approach resulted in a 15% greater weight gain at day 60 in the group 4 member compared to the group 1 member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasteurellosis is a critical condition among sheep farmers. This disease is of crucial importance because it causes high mortality in sheep of all ages, with a preponderance in the youngest one. The disease has an important economic significance, both because of the high morbidity and mortality, and from the perspective of treatment costs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine gastric ulcer comprises a complex of diseases associated with ulceration of the esophageal, gastric or duodenal mucosa. Ulceration occurs on nonglandular (squamous) and glandular gastric mucosa, with an average prevalence of 5% in pasture horses, 93% in racehorses and between 25% and 57% in foals. The incriminated causes are diet and incorrect feeding, stress and the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Medication for gastric ulcers includes proton pump inhibitors, histamine (H2) receptor antagonists, prostaglandin analogs, and sucralfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dialysis represents the process of separating a substance with colloidal dispersion from particles with molecular dispersion, based on the property of some membranes to retain only colloidal particles. The peritoneal dialysis procedure involves the existence of several stages. Loading is the step in which the dialysis fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity. The waiting, or inactive phase, takes place while the fluid is in the peritoneal cavity and the products of metabolism are transported across the peritoneal membrane into the dialysis fluid. Drainage is done after a few hours and consists of extracting the dialysis fluid and replacing it with a new fluid. The method of placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters is dependent on the catheter itself, the patient and the expected duration of peritoneal dialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Thoroughbred breed, considered a king of galloping, developed in England during the 17th - 18th centuries, by mating mares on the island with stallions brought from the East of Berber region, Turkoman and Arab origin. Historical records mark the stallions Darley Arabian (1704), Byerley Turk (1680) and Godolphin Barb (1729) as the founders of the lines. Other stallions that contributed to the development of the breed but were less influential were: Alcock’s Arabian, D’Arcy’s White Turk, Leedes Arabian, and Curwen’s Bay Barb and Brownlow Turk, the latter being considered to be the one that caused the appearance of the gray color in the Thoroughbred breed. Keywords: Thoroughbred, origin, genetics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donkeys have had a close association with horses for a long time, but there are a number of differences between the two species. In general, donkeys are kept primarily as companion animals or for pleasure activities. They are well suited to therapy and work with special-needs children and adults. In developing countries, donkeys form an important part of the economy. Donkeys deserve high-quality preventive healthcare. They need regular vaccination, dentistry, farriery and worm control, just as much as horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breeding and maintenance of racehorses and horse racing are an industry that generates tens of billions of dollars and generates hundreds of thousands of jobs worldwide, along with the development and conservation of the natural environment. Ancestral influence approaches a complex concept with a novelty character, which cannot be reduced to a single constant on the basis of which it can be evaluated, and modern discoveries introduce new perspectives based on certain variables. Final investigations into the selection of English Thoroughbred horses for horse racing based on the algorithm of ancestral influence on progeny demonstrate the creation of favorable conditions for winning status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cysts have a relatively low frequency in veterinary medical pathology and can occur due to benign processes, mainly malformations in a pancreatic duct, but also malignant. The pseudocyst is a formation with aspects similar to the cyst, in which the delimiting wall is not composed of epithelial or endothelial cells, being generated by traumatic or progressive etiological agents. Pancreatic cyst or pancreatic pseudocyst was detected by ultrasound in 14 companion animals, represented by nine canines and five felines. The clinical coordinates manifested by canines included moderate to obvious clinical signs, correlated with pancreatic cystic pathology or additional sclerosis of age, sensitivity on the pancreatic area – diffuse/ increased in six canine patients 66.67% (n=6) in the case of over 0.5 mm in diameter and digestive disorders (maldigestion), vomiting, diarrhea, tendency to weight loss, manifested by seven dogs (77.78%), and in cats there was a discrete clinical pathology, with no obvious signs or correlated with pancreatic pathology represented of selective/capricious appetite in two cats (40%), occasional food vomiting in 40% of cats (n=2), alternating diarrhea with constipation in a cat and general condition altered with loss of appetite, repeated alimentary vomiting and weight loss in a Persian cat. Ultrasound examination, considered the first intention in imaging assessment of the pancreas, identified the presence of cyst/cysts of the pancreas in 14 animals, with dimensions between 0.5 and 5 mm at 42.86% (n=6), 6-10 mm in five individuals (35.71%) and a percentage of 21.43% (n=3) with sizes in the range of 11-15 mm, with insignificant progressive evolutions in dynamics. The difficulty of the ultrasound approach to the pancreas is mentioned, but the characteristic ultrasound aspects of the cyst allow the identification of cystic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic management in chronic renal failure, determined by polycystic kidney disease (PKD), is dynamically adapted depending on the evolutionary type of the condition and the progression of the cysts. The objectives of nutritional therapy consist in providing adequate nutritional support, reducing the clinical expression and effects of uremic intoxication, reducing hydroelectrolytic changes, vitamin-mineral and acid-base disturbances, along with limiting the progression of renal disease. Drug therapy aims at the management of the physiopathological consequences related to each stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), represented by the decrease of the functional force, the reduction of the symptoms and the effects of uremic intoxication, the reduction of the hydroelectrolytic changes and disturbances of the vitamin, mineral metabolism and acidosis and the limitation of the morbid process progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]