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Adolescents with problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) have been demonstrated to experience more cognitive failures than healthy controls. To help them better cope with surroundings and improve the quality of life, the present study aimed to discover how PMPU was associated with cognitive failures and if there was any protective factor acting as a buffer in this effect. Emotional distress and coping style are thought to be linked in this association. Thus, this study examined the mediating role of emotional distress and the moderating role of coping style using self-reported questionnaires in a sample of 953 high school and undergraduate students. The results indicated that emotional distress partially mediated the association between PMPU and cognitive failures. In addition, although coping style didn't moderate the direct association between PMPU and cognitive failures, it moderated the two stages of the mediation process. In other words, adolescents with positive coping style could successfully attenuate the adverse effects of PMPU on emotional distress, which in turn had weaker association with cognitive failures. Our study advanced a better understanding of the negative consequences induced by PMPU and suggested effective coping might be a crucial intervention target to prevent further deterioration of emotional distress and cognitive function for PMPU adolescents., Author(s): Zhaocai Jiang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jin Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yue Zhao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Chengcheng Lv [sup.1] [sup.2] , Lili Zhu [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.443651.1, 0000 [...]

Major depressive disorder is a common mental health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, with frequent negative effects on people's quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the metacognitive features and cognitive distortions of patients diagnosed with depression. This research was conducted in descriptive type. The study was carried out in the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a state hospital. The sample of the study consisted of 131 major patients diagnosed with depression who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) mean score of the patients was 86.75 ± 23.37. The mean score of the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) of the patients was determined as 77.23 ± 14.24. A positive correlation was found between CDS and MCQ total and all sub-dimensions scores (p < 0.005). Patients use cognitive distortions quite frequently. Among the cognitive distortions, they mostly use the distortion of should-must statements. In addition, patients have high scores of pathological metacognition. This high score is greatest in the areas of uncontrollability and danger, the need for control, and cognitive awareness., Author(s): Derya Tanriverdi [sup.1] , Safiye Özgüç [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411549.c, 0000000107049315, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gaziantep University, , Gaziantep Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Fakültesi, 27310, [...]

Purpose This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of early post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in middle-aged patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Data were examined retrospectively from 71 patients aged 46-64 years who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography were obtained preoperatively to assess prior cerebral infarctions, carotid artery stenosis, and intracranial arterial stenosis. Patients also completed six neuropsychological tests of memory, attention, and executive function before and after surgery. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined as performance 1.5 standard deviations (SD) below the population means on any neurocognitive battery, whereas POCD was defined as a decrease of 1 SD population means on at least two in the test battery. Patient characteristics were analyzed using univariate analysis, and independent predictors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results After surgery, 25 patients (35%) were assessed with POCD. Patients with POCD had significantly higher rates of preoperative MCI and cerebral infarcts on MRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified preoperative MCI and cerebral infarctions detected by MRI as a predictor of POCD. Conclusion More than one-third of middle-aged patients undergoing cardiac surgery developed POCD. Our findings suggested preoperative MCI and infarcts detected by MRI were risk factors for POCD in these middle-aged patients., Author(s): Takafumi Oyoshi [sup.1] [sup.2], Kengo Maekawa [sup.1], Yuki Mitsuta [sup.1] [sup.2], Naoyuki Hirata [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.415530.6, 0000 0004 0407 1623, Departments of Anesthesiology, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, , [...]

Byline: Mohit. Gothwal, Shyam. Arumugham, Ravi. Yadav, Pramod. Pal, Shantala. Hegde Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and have a significant impact on quality of life. [...]

Author(s): Ellen van der Plas [sup.1] , Lyndsay Harshman [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.214572.7, 0000 0004 1936 8294, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, , Iowa [...]

Byline: Jacky. Ganguly, Mellany. Bernaola Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The projected number of patients with PD may cross 17 million by 2040, blaringly ringing the [...]

Most previous studies investigating sleep's association with health outcomes have relied on averaged sleep quality and laboratory-based health measures. This study examines the dynamic within-person relationships between subjective (Ecological Momentary Assessment) and objective sleep (actigraphy) on next-day cognition (subjective and objective), mood, and engagement in daily activities using linear mixed-effects regression modeling. Participants included 94 individuals (59 people with HIV, 35 HIV-) aged 50-74, assessed daily for 14 consecutive days/nights. Subjective and objective sleep were well correlated and were both associated with subjective ratings of cognition, but not objective cognition. Worse subjective sleep was associated with next-day lower happiness and higher depressed mood, and more pain, but was not related to next-day daily activities. Objective sleep was associated with next-day depressed mood and feelings of worry, and was positively associated with next-day television watching. Results provide evidence to support the utility of real-time assessment for sleep and functional outcomes that may lead to potential personalized interventions for individuals with and without HIV., Author(s): Ni Sun-Suslow [sup.1] , Laura M. Campbell [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bin Tang [sup.1] , Arin C. Fisher [sup.1] , Ellen Lee [sup.1] [sup.3] , Emily W. Paolillo [sup.1] [sup.2] [...]

Impoverished capacity for social inference is one of several symptoms that are common to both agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This research compared the ability of 14 adults with AgCC, 13 high-functioning adults with ASD and 14 neurotypical controls to accurately attribute social meaning to the interactions of animated triangles. Descriptions of the animations were analyzed in three ways: subjective ratings, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, and topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation). Although subjective ratings indicated that all groups made similar inferences from the animations, the index of perplexity (atypicality of topic) generated from topic modeling revealed that inferences from individuals with AgCC or ASD displayed significantly less social imagination than those of controls., Author(s): Tiffany Renteria-Vazquez [sup.1] , Warren S. Brown [sup.1] [sup.2] , Christine Kang [sup.1] , Mark Graves [sup.1] , Fulvia Castelli [sup.3] , Lynn K. Paul [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.4] Author [...]

Introduction: Many children living with HIV (CLWH) display impaired cognition. Although early combination antiretrovira therapy (ART) produces improved cognitive outcomes, more long-term outcome data are needed. After concluding the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral (CHER) trial in 2011, we investigated cognitive performance, at seven and nine years of age. Participants had been randomized to deferred ART (ART-Def; n = 22); immediate time-limited ART for 40 weeks (ART40W; n = 30) and immediate time-limited ART for 96 weeks (ART-96W; n = 18). We also recruited HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU; n = 28) and HIV-unexposed (CHU; n = 35) children. Methods: Data were collected between May 2012 and December 2017. Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed differences over time between CLWH (ART-40W, ART-96W and ART-Def) and CHIV- CHEU and CHU between ART-Early (ART-40W and ART-96W), ART-Def, CHEU and CHU; and between ART-40W, ART-96W, ART-Def, CHEU and CHU. Results: All comparisons found significant effects of Time for most outcome variables (better scores at nine than at seven years; ps < 0.05). The first ANOVAs found that for (a) motor dexterity, CLWH performed worse than CHIV- at seven years (p < 0.001) but improved to equivalence at nine years, (b) visual-spatial processing and problem solving, only CLWH (p < 0.04) showed significant performance improvement over time and (c) working memory and executive function, CLWH performed worse than CHIV- at both seven and nine years (p = 0.03 and 0.04). The second ANOVAs found that for (a) working memory, CHU performed better than ART-Early and CHEU (p < 0.01 and 0.17). Similarly, for motor dexterity, ART-Def performed worse than ART-96W, CHEU and CHU at seven years (p < 0.04, 0.20). Conclusions: Although neurocognitive developmental trajectories for treatment groups and controls were largely similar (i.e. performance improvements from 7 to 9), all ART-treated children, regardless of treatment arm, remain at risk for cognitive deficits over early school ages. Although the nature of these deficits may change as cognitive development proceeds, there are potential negative consequences for these children's future learning, reasoning and adaptive functioning. Keywords: antiretroviral therapy; The Children with HIV Early Antiretrovira Therapy (CHER) trial; HIV/AIDS; HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment; paediatric HIV; working memory, 1 | INTRODUCTION Despite treatment advances, many children living with HIV (CLWH) have impaired cognitive performance [1-3]. Early and severe HIV-related neurological manifestations such as encephalopathy, increase the risk of [...]

BACKGROUND. Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that increases in risk and severity as the disease progresses. An accurate prediction of the risk of progression from the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to the dementia (PDD) stage is an unmet clinical need. METHODS. We investigated the use of a supervised learning algorithm called the support vector machine (SVM) to retrospectively stratify patients on the basis of brain fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET) scans. Of 43 patients with PD- MCI according to the baseline scan, 23 progressed to PDD within a 5-year period, whereas 20 maintained stable MCI. The baseline scans were used to train a model, which separated patients identified as PDD converters versus those with stable MCI with 95% sensitivity and 91% specificity. RESULTS. In an independent validation data set of 19 patients, the AUC was 0.73, with 67% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The SVM model was topographically characterized by hypometabolism in the temporal and parietal lobes and hypermetabolism in the anterior cingulum and putamen and the insular, mesiotemporal, and postcentral gyri. The performance of the SVM model was further tested on 2 additional data sets, which confirmed that the model was also sensitive to later-stage PDD (17 of 19 patients; 89% sensitivity) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (16 of 17 patients; 94% sensitivity), but not to normal cognition PD (2 of 17 patients). Finally, anti-PD medication status did not change the SVM classification of the other set of 10 patients with PD who were scanned twice, ON and OFF medication. CONCLUSIONS. These results potentially indicate that the proposed FDG-PET-based SVM classifier has utility for providing an accurate prognosis of dementia development in patients with PD-MCI., Introduction Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), with dementia developing in approximately 50% of patients within 10 years of diagnosis (1), resulting in a decrease in [...]

: Introduction: With virologic suppression and longer life expectancy, older adults with HIV (OAHIV) are at risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study investigated neurocognitive performance, quality of life (QOL) and the association between OAHIV determinants. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in OAHIV aged ≥ 50 years on antiretroviral treatment at community hospitals in Northern Thailand between September and November 2020. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Thai Version (MoCA‐T) and the Thai‐validated Medical Outcomes Study HIV (MOS‐HIV) were used. NCI was defined as MoCA‐T scores Results: Overall, 269 OAHIV were enrolled; 59% were female and 99% had virologic suppression. The current median age was 61.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58.9–65.7). The median duration of antiretroviral treatment was 10.5 years (IQR 8.5–13.5). The current median CD4 count (234 tested) was 484 cells/mm[sup.3] (IQR 339–634), and 99% had plasma HIV RNA Conclusions: The vast majority of OAHIV with virologic suppression had NCI. Approximately two‐thirds had a mild impairment and one‐fifth had dementia. Neurocognitive performance and QOL were not correlated. Addressing mild NCI would enable more targeted monitoring. Early intervention and support could minimize functional impairment with increased age., INTRODUCTION Due to the widespread use of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), the median age of people with HIV (PWHIV) has increased [1]. In 2016, an estimated 5.7 million PWHIV globally [...]