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28. Radiation and CNS effects: summary of evidence from a recent symposium of the Radiation Research Society.

Author

Zupunski, Ljubica, Leuraud, Klervi, Lopes, Julie, Hinkle, Joshua, Pugeda, Tyler, Delgado, Thomas, Olschowka, John, Williams, Jacqueline, OBanion, M, Boice, John, Cohen, Sarah, Mumma, Michael, Dauer, Lawrence, Britten, Richard, Stephenson, Samuel, and Zablotska, Lydia

Subjects
CNS effects, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, radiation, radiation risks, Cosmic Radiation, Radiation Exposure, Occupational Exposure, Central Nervous System
Abstract

This article summarizes a Symposium on Radiation risks of the central nervous system held virtually at the 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, 3-6 October 2021. Repeated low-dose radiation exposure over a certain period could lead to reduced neuronal proliferation, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and various neurological complications, including psychological consequences, necessitating further research in these areas. Four speakers from radiation biology, genetics and epidemiology presented the latest data from their studies seeking insights into this important topic. This symposium highlighted new and important directions for further research on mental health disorders, neurodegenerative conditions and cognitive impairment. Future studies will examine risks of mental and behavioral disorders and neurodegenerative diseases following protracted radiation exposures to better understand risks of occupational exposures as well as provide insights into risks from exposures to galactic cosmic rays.

Published
2023

29. Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science

Author

Halpern, Benjamin S, Boettiger, Carl, Dietze, Michael C, Gephart, Jessica A, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grimm, Nancy B, Groffman, Peter M, Gurevitch, Jessica, Hobbie, Sarah E, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Kroeker, Kristy J, Lahr, Heather J, Lodge, David M, Lortie, Christopher J, Lowndes, Julie SS, Micheli, Fiorenza, Possingham, Hugh P, Ruckelshaus, Mary H, Scarborough, Courtney, Wood, Chelsea L, Wu, Grace C, Aoyama, Lina, Arroyo, Eva E, Bahlai, Christie A, Beller, Erin E, Blake, Rachael E, Bork, Karrigan S, Branch, Trevor A, Brown, Norah EM, Brun, Julien, Bruna, Emilio M, Buckley, Lauren B, Burnett, Jessica L, Castorani, Max CN, Cheng, Samantha H, Cohen, Sarah C, Couture, Jessica L, Crowder, Larry B, Dee, Laura E, Dias, Arildo S, Diaz‐Maroto, Ignacio J, Downs, Martha R, Dudney, Joan C, Ellis, Erle C, Emery, Kyle A, Eurich, Jacob G, Ferriss, Bridget E, Fredston, Alexa, Furukawa, Hikaru, Gagné, Sara A, Garlick, Sarah R, Garroway, Colin J, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M, González, Angélica L, Grames, Eliza M, Guy‐Haim, Tamar, Hackett, Ed, Hallett, Lauren M, Harms, Tamara K, Haulsee, Danielle E, Haynes, Kyle J, Hazen, Elliott L, Jarvis, Rebecca M, Jones, Kristal, Kandlikar, Gaurav S, Kincaid, Dustin W, Knope, Matthew L, Koirala, Anil, Kolasa, Jurek, Kominoski, John S, Koricheva, Julia, Lancaster, Lesley T, Lawlor, Jake A, Lowman, Heili E, Muller‐Karger, Frank E, Norman, Kari EA, Nourn, Nan, O'Hara, Casey C, Ou, Suzanne X, Padilla‐Gamino, Jacqueline L, Pappalardo, Paula, Peek, Ryan A, Pelletier, Dominique, Plont, Stephen, Ponisio, Lauren C, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Provete, Diogo B, Raes, Eric J, Ramirez‐Reyes, Carlos, Ramos, Irene, Record, Sydne, Richardson, Anthony J, Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto, Satterthwaite, Erin V, Schmidt, Chloé, Schwartz, Aaron J, See, Craig R, Shea, Brendan D, Smith, Rachel S, and Sokol, Eric R

Subjects
complexity, coupled systems, diversity, ecological scale, justice, predictability, use-inspired science, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Synthesis research in ecology and environmental science improves understanding, advances theory, identifies research priorities, and supports management strategies by linking data, ideas, and tools. Accelerating environmental challenges increases the need to focus synthesis science on the most pressing questions. To leverage input from the broader research community, we convened a virtual workshop with participants from many countries and disciplines to examine how and where synthesis can address key questions and themes in ecology and environmental science in the coming decade. Seven priority research topics emerged: (1) diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), (2) human and natural systems, (3) actionable and use-inspired science, (4) scale, (5) generality, (6) complexity and resilience, and (7) predictability. Additionally, two issues regarding the general practice of synthesis emerged: the need for increased participant diversity and inclusive research practices; and increased and improved data flow, access, and skill-building. These topics and practices provide a strategic vision for future synthesis in ecology and environmental science.

Published
2023

30. A reference human induced pluripotent stem cell line for large-scale collaborative studies.

Author

Pantazis, Caroline, Yang, Andrian, Lara, Erika, McDonough, Justin, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Peng, Lirong, Oguro, Hideyuki, Kanaujiya, Jitendra, Zou, Jizhong, Sebesta, David, Pratt, Gretchen, Cross, Erin, Blockwick, Jeffrey, Buxton, Philip, Kinner-Bibeau, Lauren, Medura, Constance, Tompkins, Christopher, Hughes, Stephen, Santiana, Marianita, Faghri, Faraz, Nalls, Mike, Vitale, Daniel, Ballard, Shannon, Qi, Yue, Ramos, Daniel, Anderson, Kailyn, Stadler, Julia, Narayan, Priyanka, Papademetriou, Jason, Reilly, Luke, Nelson, Matthew, Aggarwal, Sanya, Rosen, Leah, Kirwan, Peter, Pisupati, Venkat, Coon, Steven, Scholz, Sonja, Priebe, Theresa, Öttl, Miriam, Dong, Jian, Meijer, Marieke, Janssen, Lara, Lourenco, Vanessa, van der Kant, Rik, Crusius, Dennis, Paquet, Dominik, Raulin, Ana-Caroline, Bu, Guojun, Held, Aaron, Wainger, Brian, Gabriele, Rebecca, Casey, Jackie, Wray, Selina, Abu-Bonsrah, Dad, Parish, Clare, Beccari, Melinda, Cleveland, Don, Li, Emmy, Rose, Indigo, Kampmann, Martin, Calatayud Aristoy, Carles, Verstreken, Patrik, Heinrich, Laurin, Chen, Max, Schüle, Birgitt, Dou, Dan, Holzbaur, Erika, Zanellati, Maria, Basundra, Richa, Deshmukh, Mohanish, Cohen, Sarah, Khanna, Richa, Raman, Malavika, Nevin, Zachary, Matia, Madeline, Van Lent, Jonas, Timmerman, Vincent, Conklin, Bruce, Johnson Chase, Katherine, Zhang, Ke, Funes, Salome, Bosco, Daryl, Erlebach, Lena, Welzer, Marc, Kronenberg-Versteeg, Deborah, Lyu, Guochang, Arenas, Ernest, Coccia, Elena, Sarrafha, Lily, Ahfeldt, Tim, Marioni, John, Skarnes, William, Cookson, Mark, Ward, Michael, and Merkle, Florian

Subjects
CRISPR, differentiation, iPSC, karyotype, p53, pluripotent, reference, single-cell, stem cell, whole-genome, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Gene Editing, Biological Assay
Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a powerful tool for studying development and disease, but the considerable phenotypic variation between lines makes it challenging to replicate key findings and integrate data across research groups. To address this issue, we sub-cloned candidate human iPSC lines and deeply characterized their genetic properties using whole genome sequencing, their genomic stability upon CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, and their phenotypic properties including differentiation to commonly used cell types. These studies identified KOLF2.1J as an all-around well-performing iPSC line. We then shared KOLF2.1J with groups around the world who tested its performance in head-to-head comparisons with their own preferred iPSC lines across a diverse range of differentiation protocols and functional assays. On the strength of these findings, we have made KOLF2.1J and its gene-edited derivative clones readily accessible to promote the standardization required for large-scale collaborative science in the stem cell field.

Published
2022

31. Impact of Fontan Fenestration on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Multicentre Study

Author

Dib, Nabil, Samuel, Michelle, Levesque, Sylvie, Zaidi, Ali, Cohen, Sarah, Opotowsky, Alexander R., Mongeon, François-Pierre, Mondésert, Blandine, Kay, Joseph, Ibrahim, Reda, Hamilton, Robert M., Fournier, Anne, Jameson, Susan M., Dore, Annie, Cook, Stephen C., Cohen, Scott, Chaix, Marie-A., Broberg, Craig S., Aboulhosn, Jamil, Poirier, Nancy, and Khairy, Paul

Published
2024
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32. Finding Home in a Hopeless Place: Schools as Sites of Heteronormativity

Author

Cohen, Sarah Simi, Duarte, Bryan J., and Ross, Jennifer

Abstract

For this study, we operated with a critical theoretical understanding of schools as sites of (cis)heteronormativity, which led us to question the impact of heteronormative schooling environments. We used data from the 2017 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System to examine the self-reported experiences and feelings of high school students with gay or lesbian, bisexual, or questioning identities. Additionally, we used a quantitative intersectional approach to juxtapose the lived experiences of queer youth in the data with our own counternarratives. Our findings indicate that queer students experienced sadness and/or hopelessness, which was predicted by unsafe schooling experiences and signs of mental health trauma and exacerbated by intersecting marginal identities (i.e., race, ethnicity, gender). Our counternarratives suggest that LGBTQIAA+ youth may experience dissonance among their sense of belonging, home, and identity that is caused by the oppressive cis-heteronormative structures of their schooling systems, which may negatively impact their mental health. Although this dissonance is ever-present, we argue that queer and trans students resist these cis-heteronormative structures through homing, which allows these students to create a more equitable environment for themselves and others.

Published
2023
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34. Sex-specific lung cancer risk among radiation workers in the million-person study and patients TB-Fluoroscopy

Author

Boice, John D, Ellis, Elizabeth D, Golden, Ashley P, Zablotska, Lydia B, Mumma, Michael T, and Cohen, Sarah S

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Lung Cancer, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Lung, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Canada, Cohort Studies, Female, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Epidemiology, lung cancer, radiation dose, risk coefficients, occupation, tuberculosis, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
Abstract

BackgroundThe study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors, exposed briefly to radiation, finds the risk of radiation-induced lung cancer to be nearly three times greater for women than for men. Because protection standards for astronauts are based on individual lifetime risk projections, this sex-specific difference limits the time women can spend in space. Populations exposed to chronic or fractionated radiation were evaluated to learn whether similar differences exist when exposures occur gradually over years.Methods and materialsFive occupational cohorts within the Million Person Study of Low-Dose Health Effects (MPS) and a Canadian Fluoroscopy Cohort Study (CFCS) of tuberculosis patients who underwent frequent chest fluoroscopic examinations are evaluated. Included are male and female workers at the Mound nuclear facility, nuclear power plants (NPP), and industrial radiographers (IR). Workers at the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works and military participants at aboveground nuclear weapons tests provide information on the risk among males. Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models were used to estimate sex-specific radiation risks for lung cancer and to compare any differences.ResultsOverall, 15,065 lung cancers occurred among the 443,684 subjects studied: 50,111 women and 395,573 men. The mean cumulative dose to the lung was 166.3 mGy (range 6 to 1,055 mGy) with the highest among the TB-fluoroscopy patients (mean 1,055 mGy). Mean lung dose for women in the worker cohorts was generally 4 times lower than for men. Of the 12 estimates of radiation-related risk, only one, for male IRs, showed a significant elevation (ERR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.16, at 100 mGy). In contrast, the dose response for male NPP workers was negative (ERR -0.05; 95% CI -0.10, 0.01, at 100 mGy). Combined, these two cohorts provided little evidence for a radiation effect among males (ERR 0.01; 95% CI -0.04, 0.06, at 100 mGy). There was no significant dose-response among females within any cohort. There was no difference in the sex-specific estimates of lung cancer risk.ConclusionsThere was little evidence that chronic or fractionated exposures increased the risk of lung cancer. There were no differences in the risks of lung cancer between men and women. However, the sex-specific analyses are limited because of small numbers of women and relatively low doses. A more definitive study is ongoing of medical radiation workers which include 85,000 women and 85,000 men (overall mean dose 82 mGy, max 1,140 mGy). Additional understanding will come from the ongoing follow-up of the CFCS.

Published
2022

35. Taser Use by Mississippi Police Goes Unchecked

Author

Rosenfield, Nate, Howey, Brian, Cohen, Sarah, and Doyle, Rory

Subjects
Government regulation, Market trend/market analysis, Stun devices -- Usage -- Forecasts and trends -- Laws, regulations and rules, Police -- Forecasts and trends -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes
Abstract

A lack of state standards leaves Mississippi police and sheriff's departments on their own to decide when to use stun guns, and many give officers a free hand. Last summer, [...]

Published
2025

36. Abuse and Injury Result From Uneven Rules on Police Taser Use

Author

Rosenfield, Nate, Howey, Brian, Cohen, Sarah, and Doyle, Rory

Subjects
Searches and seizures, Automobile, Police, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

A lack of state standards leaves Mississippi police and sheriff’s departments on their own to decide when to use stun guns, and many give officers a free hand. Last summer, [...]

Published
2025

37. Apprenticing Educators of Emergent Bilingual Learners: Partnerships to Promote Linguistically Responsive Practice in Classrooms, Schools, and Communities

Author

Heineke, Amy J., Roudebush, Amanda, Papola-Ellis, Aimee, Davin, Kristin J., Cohen, Sarah, and Wright-Costello, Beth

Abstract

The population of students labeled as English learners (ELs), referred to here as emergent bilingual learners (EBLs), continues to grow in schools across the United States. In this article, we share one urban university's collaborative approach to building professional capacity for cultural and linguistic diversity, considering both vertical and horizontal partnerships. We conceptualize vertical collaboration as mutually beneficial partnerships between the university and schools with stakeholders prioritizing capacity building efforts for high-quality teaching and learning. Another integral and less-explored facet of partnerships, we describe the pertinent role of horizontal collaboration across universities, where teacher educators came together to define the knowledge base that practitioners of EBLs must possess to support student learning across the diverse communities of our city. Our collaborative efforts to develop a framework for teacher expertise shaped our professional development efforts in schools, as we worked with teachers and administrators to build capacity centered on the unique and diverse needs of EBLs.

Published
2020

47. Lympho-hematopoietic malignancies risk after exposure to low dose ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization in childhood

Author

Abalo, Kossi D, Malekzadeh-Milani, Sophie, Hascoët, Sébastien, Dreuil, Serge, Feuillet, Tiphaine, Damon, Cecilia, Bouvaist, Hélène, Bouzguenda, Ivan, Cohen, Sarah, Dauphin, Claire, Di Filippo, Sylvie, Douchin, Stéphanie, Godart, François, Guérin, Patrice, Helms, Pauline, Karsenty, Clément, Lefort, Bruno, Mauran, Pierre, Ovaert, Caroline, Piéchaud, Jean-François, Thambo, Jean-Benoît, Lee, Choonsik, Little, Mark P, Bonnet, Damien, Bernier, Marie-Odile, and Rage, Estelle

Published
2023
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