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冷え症の人の冷覚に関わる脳活動の特徴を明らかにするために、若年日本人女性を対象として、安静時および手部冷却刺激時の脳波(EEG)が冷え症によって影響されるか否かについて検討した。冷え症の程度は体の冷えに関するアンケートの項目該当数から評価した。EEGは頭頂部(C3、C4)から導出し、4周波数帯(θ波、α1波、α2波、β波)のスペクトルパワーを解析した。被験者は手部冷却のために手を15℃の水に1分間浸漬した。アンケートの項目該当数は、α1パワーとの間に負の相関関係(r=-0.527、P＜0.0001)、βパワーとの間に正の相関関係(r=0.451、P＜0.001)がそれぞれみられたが、θパワー、α2パワーとの間には有意な相関関係は認められなかった。いずれの周波数帯のEEG パワーも手部冷却によって有意に変化しなかった。冷え症女性の安静時脳活動の特徴として、末梢部冷却の有無に関係なく、低周波数α波の出現率が低く、β波の出現率の高いことが明らかになった。, To elucidate the characteristics of brain activity under cold conditions in people with a cold constitution, we examined whether resting electroencephalogram (EEG) and EEG during cold stimulation to the hand are influenced by hypersensitivity to the cold in young Japanese women. Hypersensitivity to the cold was evaluated from the number of applicable items in a questionnaire regarding the coldness of the body. EEG was measured at the parietal area (C3, C4) during rest, and the spectral power of 4 frequency bands (the θ wave, α1 wave, α2 wave, and β wave) was analyzed. For cold stimulation to the hand, subjects immersed their hand in water at 15°C for 1 min. The number of applicable items in the questionnaire were negatively correlated (r= -0.527, P ＜ 0.0001) to α 1 power and positively correlated (r= 0.451, P ＜ 0.001) to β power, but were not significantly correlated to θ power or α 2 power. The hand cooling did not alter the spectral power of each frequency band in EEG. These results suggest that the resting brain activity in women with a cold constitution was characterized by a lower appearance ratio of low-frequency α waves and a higher appearance ratio of β waves regardless of peripheral cooling of the body.workshops． The participants wrote their thoughts/impressions using a self-administered questionnaire after each workshop． Their writings were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative analysis tool．Results : 6 categories were extracted from the data． These are [shared precious meaningful time] [gained confident through feeling safe] [experienced pleasure from interacting with people] [discovered power of the meaningful words] [experienced a new method of interacting with their children] [anticipation of the next steps]． Conclusion : The effect of using the special meaningful words [experiencing a new method of interacting with children] helped mothers appreciate the power of meaningful words in supporting their interactions with their children．

若年女性の身体活動量と冷え症状の関連を明らかにすることを目的として、山口県立大学の女子学生212名に質問紙調査を実施した。その結果、冷え項目の該当数が10項目のうち7 項目以上の学生は、そうでない学生と比較し、体重、Body Mass Index、強い身体活動量、強い身体活動のエネルギー消費量が有意に低かった。若年女性の冷え症状を改善するには、体重を適正に保ち、強い身体活動を行うことが効果的であると示唆された。, The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and cold constitution in young women．A multiple-choice questionnaire was conducted among 212 female students in Yamaguchi Prefectural University．Results showed that body weight，body mass index，strong physical activity，and energy expenditure of the strong physical activity were significantly lower in the students who met seven or more of 10 cold constitution-related items than in the other students．Our results suggest that a healthy body weight and maintaining strong physical activity may be good for young women with cold constitution．

Background: Cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet (CHHF) is a symptom patients usually feel cold in their hands and feet, but not dealt with a disease in western medicine. However, it is often appealed by patients at a clinic of Korean medicine (KM), considered to be a sort of key diagnostic indicator, and actively treated by physicians. Nevertheless, there is no standardized diagnostic definition for CHHF. Therefore, we surveyed KM experts’ opinions to address the clinical definition, diagnostic criteria, and other relevant things on CHHF. Methods: We developed a survey to assess the definition, diagnosis, causes, and accompanying symptoms on CHHF. 31 experts who work at specialized university hospitals affiliated with KM hospitals consented to participation. Experts responded to survey questions by selecting multiple-choice answers or stating their opinions. Results: Vast majority of experts (83.8%) agreed with our definition on CHHF (“a feeling of cold as a symptom; that one's hands or feet become colder than those of average people in temperatures that are not normally perceived as cold”). 77.4% of experts considered subjective symptoms on CHHF were more important than medical instrument results. Constitution or genetic factors (87.1%) and stress (64.5%) were the most common causes reported for CHHF. Conclusions: This study offers an expert consensus regarding the themes, opinions, and experiences of practitioners with CHHF. Our results underscore the need for standardized definitions and diagnostic criteria for CHHF. Keywords: Cold hypersensitivity, Cold extremities, Cold constitution

本研究では若年女性を対象として局所温冷負荷時の皮膚温、温度感覚および皮膚血管反応の季節差について検討した。また、これらの心理生理的反応が冷え症者と非冷え症者との間で異なるのか否かについても検討した。冷え症の判別は体の冷えに関するアンケート調査によって行った。被験者は冬期(2-3月)と夏期(7-8月)に同一環境条件下(室温27℃)で行われた2つの実験に参加した。実験1では20℃の水に2 分間手を浸漬し、その後回復過程の測定を10分間行った。実験2では足背と下腿の各6㎠の皮膚領域をそれぞれ32℃から42℃へ上昇させる局所加温を行った。その結果、冷水負荷からの手部の皮膚温と温度感覚の回復は冬期の方が夏期よりも遅く、足背部への局所加温時の温覚感受性と皮膚血流増加反応は夏期の方が低いことから、四肢末梢部の局所性皮膚血管拡張機能には季節差のあることが明らかとなった。冷え症者では、夏期において冷水負荷後の皮膚温の回復が遅く、また下肢加温負荷時の局所性皮膚血管拡張反応が減弱することが示唆された。, In the present study, we examined the seasonal variation in skin temperature, thermal sensation and cutaneous vascular responses to local thermal loading in young female subjects. In addition, we evaluated whether the psychophysiological responses in subjects with a cold constitution differed from those in normal subjects. The subjects with or without a cold constitution were classified based on a questionnaire regarding the coldness of the body.Subjects participated in the two experiments under similar environmental conditions (room temperature:27°C) in winter (February to March) and in summer (July to August).In experiment 1, subjects immersed their hand in 20°C water for 2 min, followed by a 10-min recovery period. In experiment 2, a small skin area (6 ㎠ ) on the dorsal foot and calf was locally heated from 32°C to 42°C. After immersion of the hand in the cool water, the palmar skin temperature and thermal sensation in the hand recovered slower in winter than in summer, and the sensitivity to warm sensation and the increase in skin blood flow during local skin heating in the dorsal foot were lower in summer. These results suggested that 1) local skin vasodilator function at peripheral sites in limbs exhibits seasonal variation, and 2) young females with a cold constitution have slower recovery of palmar skin temperature after hand immersion in cool water and an attenuated vasodilator response to local heating in the skin of the lower limb in summer.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the acclimatization ability of women witha cold constitution. After conducting a questionnaire survey regarding sites of cold sensation andcoping methods on a total of 90 female university students with a cold constitution, an experimentcomparing cold sensation by season was conducted on eight female university students with a coldconstitution. Subjects were exposed to the same cold exposure (27°C→15°C) in the summer andwinter, and their oral temperature, skin temperature, and thermal sensation were measured. Thesurvey results showed that women with a cold constitution often felt a cold sensation in theperipheral areas, and that they were not greatly affected by the cold sensation. The cold exposureexperiment results showed that women with a cold constitution had a slower decrease in meanskin temperarure in the summer compared to winter, but that the cold sensation was felt morestrongly in the summer. As for recovery following cold exposure, recovery of skin temperature inthe peripheral areas was slower in the winter. These results suggest that women with a coldconstitution have the acclimatization ability.

冷え性女子学生(C群)の身体温冷感を着衣行動との関わりから,非冷え性群(N群)との比較において検討した。冬期,フィールド調査によって得た女子学生207名の有効データを解析に供した。続いて,各群3名を被験者として着用実験を行った。C群はN群より,寒さ不快を訴えた者の率が有意に高かった。またC群はN群より,快適着衣量が有意に多かった。これら調査結果の妥当性は,C群での寒さ不快を訴えた者の率がN群でのそれに比べて有意に高いことをみた,所定の同一着衣での実験結果によって検証された。一方,理想とする衣服の快適性因子として抽出された4因子(温熱性・運動機能性,社会規範・個性,感触性および流行性)の重視度では,C・N群間に有意差が認められなかった。, The purpose of the present study was to investigate thermal sensations for the body of the female students who had a cold constitution (C group) relating to their clothing behaviour in comparison with those who did not (N group). Field surveys were carried out during winter in Kansai districts, from which the effective data for the analysis was obtained from 207 female students. Subsequently, wearing tests were conducted involving 3 subjects from each group. The rate of persons who complained of cold discomfort was higher in the C group than among the N group. And the C group wore more clothing than the N group to maintain thermal comfort. The validity of those results above, fom the surveys, was substantiated by means of the wearing tesets where every subjects wore the same clothing specified in a climatic chamber, i.e., it was found that the C group had a higher rate of complaining of cold discomfort than the N group. On the other hand, any differences were not recognized between the C and N groups in termes of attaching importance degree to the four comfort factors extracted for ideal clothing.