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1. Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts

Author

Quek, Shannon, Hadermann, Amber, Wu, Yang, De Coninck, Lander, Hegde, Shrilakshmi, Boucher, Jordan R., Cresswell, Jessica, Foreman, Ella, Steven, Andrew, LaCourse, E. James, Ward, Stephen A., Wanji, Samuel, Hughes, Grant L., Patterson, Edward I., Wagstaff, Simon C., Turner, Joseph D., Parry, Rhys H., Kohl, Alain, Heinz, Eva, Otabil, Kenneth Bentum, Matthijnssens, Jelle, Colebunders, Robert, and Taylor, Mark J.

Published
2024
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10. Non-adherence to ivermectin in onchocerciasis-endemic communities with persistent infection in the Bono Region of Ghana: a mixed-methods study

Author

Otabil, Kenneth Bentum, Basáñez, María-Gloria, Ankrah, Blessing, Bart-Plange, Emmanuel John, Babae, Theophilus Nti, Kudzordzi, Prince-Charles, Darko, Vera Achiaa, Raji, Abdul Sakibu, Datsa, Lydia, Boakye, Andrews Agyapong, Yeboah, Michael Tawiah, Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe, Schallig, Henk D. F. H., and Colebunders, Robert

Published
2023
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11. Prevalence of epilepsy in the onchocerciasis endemic middle belt of Ghana after 27 years of mass drug administration with ivermectin

Author

Otabil, Kenneth Bentum, Ankrah, Blessing, Bart-Plange, Emmanuel John, Donkoh, Emmanuel Sam, Avarikame, Fiona Amoabil, Ofori-Appiah, Fredrick Obeng, Babae, Theophilus Nti, Kudzordzi, Prince-Charles, Darko, Vera Achiaa, Ameyaw, Joseph, Bamfo, Joseph Gyekye, Sakibu, Raji Abdul, Antwi-Berko, Daniel, Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe, Basáñez, María-Gloria, Schallig, Henk D. F. H., and Colebunders, Robert

Published
2023
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24. Using Andersen’s model of health care utilization to assess factors associated with COVID-19 testing among adults in nine low-and middle-income countries: an online survey

Author

Pengid, Supa, Peltzer, Karl, de Moura Villela, Edlaine Faria, Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe, Siau, Ching Sin, Chen, Won Sun, Bono, Suzanna A., Jayasvasti, Isareethika, Hasan, M. Tasdik, Wanyenze, Rhoda K., Hosseinipour, Mina C., Dolo, Housseini, Sessou, Philippe, Ditekemena, John D., and Colebunders, Robert

Published
2022
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25. Usability, acceptability and cost of the SD BIOLINE Ov16 rapid diagnostic test for onchocerciasis surveillance in endemic communities in the middle belt of Ghana

Author

Otabil, Kenneth Bentum, primary, Basáñez, María-Gloria, additional, Ameyaa, Elizabeth, additional, Oppong, Michael, additional, Mensah, Prince, additional, Gyasi-Ampofo, Richmond, additional, Bart-Plange, Emmanuel John, additional, Nti Babae, Theophilus, additional, Datsa, Lydia, additional, Boakye, Andrews Agyapong, additional, Yeboah, Michael Tawiah, additional, Nyarko, Prince, additional, Kudzordzi, Prince Charles, additional, Acheampong, Anabel, additional, Blay, Edwina Twum, additional, Schallig, Henk D.F.H., additional, and Colebunders, Robert, additional

Published
2024
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31. Mvolo County, an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan: An Entomological Study to Prepare for a “Slash and Clear” Community-Based Vector Control Intervention

Author

Lakwo,Thomson, Alinda,Peter, Jada,Stephen, Tionga,Moses, Marcello,Constantino, Dual War,Deng, Colebunders,Robert, Lakwo,Thomson, Alinda,Peter, Jada,Stephen, Tionga,Moses, Marcello,Constantino, Dual War,Deng, and Colebunders,Robert

Abstract

Thomson Luroni Lakwo,1 Peter Alinda,1 Stephen Raimon Jada,2 Moses Tionga,2 Constantino Doggale Remijo Marcello,3 Deng Gai Dual War,3 Robert Colebunders4,5 1Ministry of Health, Vector Control Division, Kampala, Uganda; 2Amref Health Africa, Juba, South Sudan; 3Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Program, Juba, South Sudan; 4Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; 5Department of Tropical Disease Pathology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UKCorrespondence: Robert Colebunders, Email robert.colebunders@uantwerpen.beBackground: Mvolo in Western Equatoria of South Sudan has been a hotspot for Onchocerca volvulus transmission since the 1940s. In Mvolo onchocerciasis is a disease of public health importance, associated with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy including nodding syndrome.Methods: We conducted an entomological study to map the breeding sites of blackflies (Simulium damnosum, sensu lato) on the river Naam, to allow the removal of vegetation from vector breeding sites, the “slash and clear”. Three blackfly catching sites were established along the river. Focus group discussions were also conducted to assess the willingness of the communities to support the “slash and clear” intervention and the semi-annual distribution of ivermectin.Results: A total of 2466 female S. damnosum s.l. were caught in 14× 11h (06.00– 15.00) catches. The highest biting density of 4210.25 flies/month/h and monthly biting rate (MBR) of 11,482.25 bites/man/month were observed in November 2023. Biting density and MBR reduced to zero in the intervention site by April 2024. While the mean parity rate was 31% (CI: 0.2976± 0.9176). Two diurnal biting peaks were observed, one from 9:00– 10:00 (at the bridge site) and a prominent one from 14:00– 15:00 in the two catching sites in Mvolo. Along the river Naam, only one site was found productive for S. damnosum s.l.; and the larvae and adults were morphologically associated with the

Published
2024

32. Prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy in a Tanzanian region after a prolonged community-directed treatment with ivermectin.

Author

Mushi, Vivian P., Bhwana, Dan, Massawe, Isolide S., Makunde, Williams, Sebukoto, Hillary, Ngasa, Willison, Sengerema, Joel, Mhina, Athanas, Hayuma, Paul M., Kimambo, Henrika, Kidima, Winifrida, Matuja, William, Sander, Josemir W., Cross, Helen, Sen, Arjune, Colebunders, Robert, Newton, Charles R., and Mmbando, Bruno P.

Subjects
MATING grounds, COMMUNITY health workers, ONCHOCERCA volvulus, SIMULIIDAE, ONCHOCERCIASIS, EPILEPSY
Abstract

Introduction: Epidemiological evidence suggests that Onchocerca volvulus is associated with epilepsy, although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Mahenge is an endemic focus of onchocerciasis, with the longest-running ivermectin treatment intervention in Tanzania. We assessed the prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy after 25 years of control using ivermectin. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study in 34 villages in Mahenge in 2021. Community health workers conducted door-to-door household surveys to enumerate the population and screen for individuals suspected of epilepsy using a standardised questionnaire. Trained physicians confirmed epilepsy. Children aged 6–11 years were screened for onchocerciasis antibodies using the Ov16 rapid test. Villages were stratified into three altitude levels (low [<400], medium [400–950], and high [>950 meters above sea level]) as a proxy for rapids, which black flies favour for breeding sites. Incidence of epilepsy was estimated as a ratio of new cases in the year preceding the survey per 100,000 population. Results: 56,604 individuals (median age 20.2 years, 51.1% females) were surveyed. Onchocerciasis prevalence in children was 11.8% and was highest in villages at medium (21.7%) and lowest in low altitudes (3.2%), p<0.001. Self-reported use of ivermectin was 88.4%. Epilepsy prevalence was 21.1 (95%CI: 19.9–22.3) cases per 1000 persons and was highest in medium (29.5%) and lowest in the lowlands (12.7%). The odds ratio (OR) of having epilepsy was significantly higher in females (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08–1.38), middle altitudes (OR = 2.34 [95%CI: 2.04–2.68]), and in individuals positive for OV16 (OR = 1.98 [95%CI:1.57–2.50]). The incidence of epilepsy a year before the survey was 117 (95%CI: 99.7–160.4) cases per 100,000 person-years. Conclusion: Despite ivermectin use for 25 years, the prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy remains high. It is crucial to strengthen bi-annual ivermectin treatment and initiate interventions targeting vectors to control onchocerciasis and epilepsy in the area. Author summary: Onchocerciasis is endemic in Mahenge, with epidemiological evidence that the parasite (Onchocerca volvulus) may be associated with epilepsy. The high burden of the disease in Mahenge led to the introduction of Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) in 1997. Despite the long history of CDTI implementation in Mahenge, the persistent transmission of the parasite is still reported. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the current prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy 25 years after the start of the CDTI programme. The prevalence of epilepsy was 21.1 (95%CI: 19.9–22.3) cases per 1000 people. The incidence of epilepsy one year preceding the survey was 117 (95%CI: 99.7–160.4) per 100,000 person-years. Despite high self-reported coverage of ivermectin (88%), active onchocerciasis transmission was observed among children aged 6–11 years, and more than half of the individuals with epilepsy (54.1%) were serologically positive for onchocerciasis. The predictors for epilepsy were sex (female), age ≥ 10 years, being a resident of Mahenge for ≥20 years, especially in villages located at a medium altitude, and being onchocerciasis positive. Strengthening of processes to ensure bi-annual ivermectin treatment is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Fear and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon: a nation-wide observational study

Author

Siewe Fodjo, Joseph Nelson, Ngarka, Leonard, Njamnshi, Wepnyu Y., Nfor, Leonard N., Mengnjo, Michel K., Mendo, Edwige Laure, Angwafor, Samuel A., Atchou Basseguin, Jonas Guy, Nkouonlack, Cyrille, Njit, Edith N., Ahidjo, Nene, Chokote, Eric S., Dema, Fidèle, Fonsah, Julius Y., Tatah, Godwin Y., Palmer, Nancy, Seke Etet, Paul F., Palmer, Dennis, Nsagha, Dickson S., Etya’ale, Daniel E., Perrig, Stephen, Sztajzel, Roman, Annoni, Jean-Marie, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek, Anne-Cécile, Leke, Rose G. F., Abena Ondoa Obama, Marie-Thérèse, Nkengasong, John N., Colebunders, Robert, and Njamnshi, Alfred K.

Published
2021
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41. Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of Simulium squamosum

Author

Hendy, Adam, Krit, Meryam, Pfarr, Kenneth, Laemmer, Christine, De Witte, Jacobus, Nwane, Philippe, Kamgno, Joseph, Nana-Djeunga, Hugues C., Boussinesq, Michel, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, Post, Rory, Colebunders, Robert, O’Neill, Sarah, Enyong, Peter, and Njamnshi, Alfred K.

Published
2021
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46. Mvolo County, an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan: An Entomological Study to Prepare for a "Slash and Clear" Community-Based Vector Control Intervention.

Author

Lakwo, Thomson Luroni, Alinda, Peter, Jada, Stephen Raimon, Tionga, Moses, Marcello, Constantino Doggale Remijo, War, Deng Gai Dual, and Colebunders, Robert

Subjects
PATHOLOGY, SIMULIIDAE, ONCHOCERCA volvulus, VECTOR control, MALARIA prevention
Abstract

aimon Jada,2 Moses Tionga,2 Constantino Doggale Remijo Marcello,3 Deng Gai Dual War,3 Robert Colebunders4,51Ministry of Health, Vector Control Division, Kampala, Uganda; 2Amref Health Africa, Juba, South Sudan; 3Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Program, Juba, South Sudan; 4Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; 5Department of Tropical Disease Pathology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK Correspondence: Robert Colebunders, Email [email protected] Background: Mvolo in Western Equatoria of South Sudan has been a hotspot for Onchocerca volvulus transmission since the 1940s. In Mvolo onchocerciasis is a disease of public health importance, associated with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy including nodding syndrome. Methods: We conducted an entomological study to map the breeding sites of blackflies (Simulium damnosum, sensu lato) on the river Naam, to allow the removal of vegetation from vector breeding sites, the "slash and clear". Three blackfly catching sites were established along the river. Focus group discussions were also conducted to assess the willingness of the communities to support the "slash and clear" intervention and the semi-annual distribution of ivermectin. Results: A total of 2466 female S. damnosum s.l. were caught in 14× 11h (06.00– 15.00) catches. The highest biting density of 4210.25 flies/month/h and monthly biting rate (MBR) of 11,482.25 bites/man/month were observed in November 2023. Biting density and MBR reduced to zero in the intervention site by April 2024. While the mean parity rate was 31% (CI: 0.2976± 0.9176). Two diurnal biting peaks were observed, one from 9:00– 10:00 (at the bridge site) and a prominent one from 14:00– 15:00 in the two catching sites in Mvolo. Along the river Naam, only one site was found productive for S. damnosum s.l.; and the larvae and adults were morphologically associated with the anthropophilic S. damnosum. The "slash and clear" intervention was implemented at Dogoyabolu along the river Naam. Communities expressed willingness to support a "slash and clear" intervention and the semi-annual distribution of ivermectin. Conclusion: S. damnosum active breeding was identified along the river Naam in a stretch of 3– 5 km close to human settlements. Highest blackfly biting density was 4210.25 flies/month/h, and two fly biting peaks were observed. A community "slash and clear" vector control was implemented, and will be prospectively monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: an explorative case-control study with viral metagenomic analyses on Onchocerca volvulus

Author

Hadermann, Amber, primary, Jada, Stephen Raimon, additional, Sebit, Wilson J., additional, Deng, Thomas, additional, Bol, Yak Y., additional, Siewe Fodjo, Joseph N., additional, De Coninck, Lander, additional, Matthijnssens, Jelle, additional, Mertens, Inge, additional, Polman, Katja, additional, and Colebunders, Robert, additional

Published
2023
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