1. Landscape of transcription in human cells
- Author
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Tyler Alioto, Colin Kingswood, Lorian Schaffer, Sylvain Foissac, Kimberly Bell, Diane Trout, Wei Lin, Nathalie Walters, Thomas R. Gingeras, Oscar Junhong Luo, Pedro G. Ferreira, Atif Shahab, Assaf Gordon, Kata Fejes-Toth, Joao Curado, Jacqueline Chrast, Thomas Derrien, Georgi K. Marinov, Hazuki Takahashi, Alexander Dobin, Nadav Bar, Lei-Hoon See, Morgan C. Giddings, Erica Dumais, Michael Sammeth, Philipp Kapranov, Jainab Khatun, Meagan Fastuca, Jørgen Skancke, Ian Bell, Emilie Falconnet, Roderic Guigó, Huaien Wang, Kimberly Persaud, Alexandre Reymond, Carrie A. Davis, Xiaoan Ruan, Rehab F. Abdelhamid, Daniel Robyr, Joel Rozowsky, Ana Maria Suzuki, Sonali Jha, Marion S. Röder, Sudipto K. Chakrabortty, Brian A. Risk, Hagen Tilgner, Eddie Park, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Piero Carninci, Hui Gao, Sarah Djebali, Timo Lassmann, Andrea Tanzer, Philippe Batut, Cédric Howald, Yanbao Yu, Ali Mortazavi, Felix Kokocinski, Jennifer Harrow, Mark Gerstein, Melissa J. Fullwood, Chenghai Xue, Gregory J. Hannon, Xian Chen, Igor Antoshechkin, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Brian A. Williams, Chris Zaleski, John A. Wrobel, Radha Duttagupta, Barbara J. Wold, Julien Lagarde, David Gonzalez, Yijun Ruan, Tim Hubbard, Angelika Merkel, Rory Johnson, Jonathan B. Preall, Jorg Drenkow, Brandon King, Paolo Ribeca, Harsha P. Gunawardena, Jacqueline Dumais, Felix Schlesinger, Michael T. Baer, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Riken Yokohama Institute, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Boise State University, Yale University [New Haven], The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Affymetrix Inc., University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Geneva [Switzerland], (IGE3 Inst Genet & Genom Geneva), University of Geneva Medical School, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), St Laurent Institut, Falconnet, Emilie, Robyr, Daniel, Reymond, Alexandre, Antonarakis, Stylianos, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Encyclopedias as Topic ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ,Polyadenylation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Genoma humà ,Genome ,Repetitive Sequences ,RNA Editing/genetics ,0302 clinical medicine ,Exons/genetics ,Protein Isoforms ,RNA/biosynthesis/genetics ,ddc:576.5 ,RNA Splicing/genetics ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Exons ,Genomics ,Transcriptome/genetics ,Long non-coding RNA ,Enhancer Elements, Genetic ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Sequence Analysis ,Transcription ,Human ,Enhancer Elements ,General Science & Technology ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,RNA Splicing ,DNA, Intergenic/genetics ,Computational biology ,DNA/genetics ,Biology ,Article ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Underpinning research ,Protein Isoforms/genetics ,map ,expression ,Humans ,Genes/genetics ,genome ,Gene ,Alleles ,Transcription, Genetic/genetics ,030304 developmental biology ,Intergenic ,Nucleic Acid ,small rnas ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Human Genome ,RNA ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,DNA ,Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ,Gene expression profiling ,Genes ,Genome, Human/genetics ,Polyadenylation/genetics ,RNA/biosynthesis ,RNA/genetics ,enhancer ,identification ,Human genome ,Generic health relevance ,RNA Editing ,Transcriptome ,Regulatory Sequences ,Genètica - Abstract
Eukaryotic cells make many types of primary and processed RNAs that are found either in specific subcellular compartments or throughout the cells. A complete catalogue of these RNAs is not yet available and their characteristic subcellular localizations are also poorly understood. Because RNA represents the direct output of the genetic information encoded by genomes and a significant proportion of a cell's regulatory capabilities are focused on its synthesis, processing, transport, modification and translation, the generation of such a catalogue is crucial for understanding genome function. Here we report evidence that three-quarters of the human genome is capable of being transcribed, as well as observations about the range and levels of expression, localization, processing fates, regulatory regions and modifications of almost all currently annotated and thousands of previously unannotated RNAs. These observations, taken together, prompt a redefinition of the concept of a gene. This work was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) production grants U54HG004557, U54HG004555, U54HG004576 and U54HG004558, and by the NHGRI pilot grant R01HG003700. It was also supported by the NHGRI ARRA stimulus grant 1RC2HG005591, the National Science Foundation (SNF) grant 127375, the European Research Council (ERC) grant/n249968, a research grant for the RIKEN Omics Science Center from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and grants BIO2011-26205, CSD2007-00050 and INB GNV-1 from the Spanish Ministry of Science
- Published
- 2012
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