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These are the images and drawings used in the El Paso Polychrome Subtype Design Study article authored by Alexander Kurota, Thatcher Seltzer-Rogers, and Lora Jackson Legare. They originate from numerous institutions, web sources, and colleagues. Images/drawings cannot be published/used without permission of the authors/permission holders (i.e., museums).

Please email jas5@arizona.edu for copies of object photos from NSF BCS 1852958. Unfortunately we do not have enough file room on our tDAR site for all photographs.

The Exchange project funded museum partners around the UK to undertake community-led collections-based research and creative outputs. All Exchange projects used participatory research methodologies, working with African, Caribbean, and South Asian diaspora heritage community members to explore experiences of empire, migration, and life in Britain. The first stage of Exchange was funded by a £250,000 grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). The project was supported by a Hub formed between National Museums Scotland and Royal Museums Greenwich. The Hub distributed a central fund to seven museum partners, provided guidance, and evaluated partner activities to generate recommendations for more equitable participation. Museum partners recruited community members and, with the Hub, supported them to identify and explore research questions and define and produce outputs. The research was varied and included new community-led research into the historic and contemporary meanings of objects, archival materials, and absences and silences in the museum collections. Similarly, the outputs were many and varied including an artist-led zine, public events, musical and theatre performances, temporary exhibitions, permanent displays, academic seminars, panel discussions, spoken word poetry, filmmaking, stationery design and production, educational booklets and resources, a women’s trail, an interfaith ceremony, and a published book. Exchange evaluated these activities to address the project’s key question - How can participation be more equitable for diaspora heritage community members? - with the aim of increasing the plurality of voices in collections-based research and outputs and collaboration across the museum sector more generally. This report shares the Exchange experience and the recommendations emerging from the evaluation to inform future work between communities and museum partners., Full report available via the official URL, Edinburgh

Preliminary field notes for the Trip Bajada Canal, the westernmost of many dozens of newly distovered Safford area prehistoric canals. Includes links to other field notes and key papers.

This dissertation establishes a new timeframe for Indigenous participation in world-system expansion in southern Ontario, Canada ca. AD 1550–1650, by investigating how and when people living in three different Indigenous Nations in southern Ontario engaged with the expanding European world-system. This will be accomplished by: 1- Establishing an absolute timeframe for the initiation and development of Indigenous-European interaction through Bayesian chronological modeling of high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites occupied by the Wendat, Tionontate, and Attiwandaron Nations in southern Ontario ca. AD 1550–1650; and 2- investigating both the local and regional spatial distribution of trade goods of European manufacture in these Nations through diversity and evenness analysis of assemblages from Iroquoian sites in southern Ontario AD 1550–1650. Results support the hypothesis that Indigenous people living within different site relocation clusters and different Nations engaged in world-system expansion at different times and in different ways. In particular, Tionontate and Wendat groups at the Western and eastern ends of Lake Ontario, respectively, were involved in the fur trade by the mid-sixteenth century, but with evidence suggesting that Pretty-Mad River Tionontate played a supplier role, while Trent Valley Wendat may have acted as intermediaries. Broadly, this research contributes to debates surrounding the historical development of world-systems, including the degree to which Indigenous agency and differing concepts of value impact the tempo of social change and continuity during the process of colonialism.

Museums have always supported learning and inquiry, but the last twenty years have seen a flourishing of reinvented university museums, following a period of neglect. This paper is grounded in the case of Medical Museion at the University of Copenhagen, which experiments with relations between research and museum practice, and what this can tell us about contemporary knowledge-making in general. We draw on multiple thinkers to build an image of a ‘museum method’ that invites playful circling, imaginative leaps, boundary-crossing, and serendipitous collaborations centered on encounters between objects and diverse visitors. Our case is exemplified through four key aspects of ‘research in public:’ the use of historical collections; bringing PhDs into museum work; contributing to scientific culture; and artist collaborations., The Garage Journal, Выпуск 03 2021, Pages 52-81

This is an abstract from the "Geometric Morphometrics in Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Traditional analyses of projectile points often use visual identification, the presence or absence of discrete characteristics, or linear measurements to classify points into distinct types. Geometric morphometrics provides additional tools for analyzing, visualizing, and comparing projectile point morphology. In this study, I compare the effectiveness of semi-landmark analysis vs. elliptical Fourier analysis for identifying discrete clusters of similar projectile points, as well as the overall effectiveness of these methods for detecting patterns of technological similarity at a regional scale. I use photographs of Hohokam projectile points from the Tonto Basin and compare them to published illustrations and photographs of projectile points from other regions of the U.S. Southwest.

Poster presentation describing the 2019 investigations at the Merchant Site (LA 43414)

This report contains the detailed documentation of five objects from various collections in the Evansville Museum of Arts, History, & Science: a Jerash type oil lamp, a Samaritan type oil lamp, a double-nozzeled Roman oil lamp from Meidum, Egypt, an Ottoman clay smoking pipe bowl, and a ceramic sherd.

As part of the Phytoliths in the Flora of Ecuador Project (PFE) (Pearsall 2016), phytolith assemblages from 82 surface soil samples from four distinctive vegetation formations, xerophytic coastal forest (Chanduy valley), mixed deciduous/evergreen forest (Jama region), coastal evergreen forest (Bilsa Biological Reserve), and Amazonian lowland forest (Jatun Sacha Biological Reserve) were studied, with the goal of establishing phytolith vegetation signatures to facilitate archaeological and paleoenvironmental phytolith interpretation. Proportions of diagnostic phytoliths were examined for each locality, separately, and phytolith patterning within the combined data set, i.e., all individual soil samples considered together, was explored through multivariate statistical analysis. Comparison of coastal (Bilsa) and Amazonian (Jatun Sacha) evergreen forests shows they cannot be distinguished using commonly occurring phytoliths and the rarer forms included in our study. Phytoliths are robust for identifying the evergreen forest biome. Comparison of xerophytic forest (Chanduy), dry (mixed deciduous/evergreen) forest (Jama), and moist forest of the coastal plain (Bilsa) reveals distinctive differences among these forests. Potential applications of our results include investigating the distribution of dry tropical forests in the past, identifying changes in moisture regimes over time, and tracking human impacts on different types of vegetation.

Mitchell Springs provided the central Montezuma Valley of southwestern Colorado a rare and reliable water source that has been used by ancients for millennia. People began to settle near the springs in the middle of the AD seventh century and by the twelfth century a sprawling watershed-wide community with large-scale architectural and agricultural works had formed. Using a combination of data from surveys and recent excavations, this article explores the ties between the rise of elite groups in the watershed and the use of innovative methods to enhance agricultural production. Food abundance appears to have been the primary engine that drove the formation of these groups whose presence was symbolized by a greathouse and other monumental creations. Excavations have revealed evidence that suggests one such group was tied to the same physical space at the center of the community for at least 400 years. Agricultural production at a scale that is demonstrably greater than what could be generated by a few households or extended households is suggested by repeated feasting at this location, room suites with unusually large storage capacities, and the presence of rooms and features that were created and used principally for the preparation and consecration of food for these events. The earliest architectural footprints of this group consisted of two physically linked but distinctly separate adobe block houses in the early ninth century. Over time, elements of these entities became associated with, or evolved into, a greathouse and tri-wall building that appear to have served similar functions as the earlier houses and features that underlie those buildings. They symbolized success, power, past ancestors, and revered space, and they were enshrined and deliberately protected over the course of centuries.

Public education and outreach brochure describing the survey and excavation projects at the Merchant site and Mescalero Plain of southeastern New Mexico

This report presents a summary of the results of the Blanket Purchase Authority (BPA) 10 project sponsored by the Carlsbad Field Office (CFO) of the Bureau of Land Management and funded under the Permian Basin Programmatic Agreement. The BPA 10 project included six cultural resource projects, including survey inventories, site evaluations, and excavations.

This is a presentation from the 2021 Arizona Archaeological Council (AAC) Fall symposium on "The Archaeology of Canals in the Arizona Desert". Staff from the Center for Digital Antiquity will provide an update on the Digital Archive of Huhugam Archaeology (DAHA), which contains over 2000 digital datasets, documents, reports and images focused on the ancient Huhugam (1500 B.C. – 1450 A.D.) of the southwestern U.S. These files are primarily “grey literature,” that is, unpublished reports and data sets that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. Digital Antiquity received data and manuscripts from a number of other important partners and contributors, including the Amerind Foundation, City of Phoenix/ Pueblo Grande Museum, the Salt River Project (SRP), Desert Archaeology, Inc., SWCA Environmental Consultants, and Arizona State Parks, in addition to existing collections in tDAR. Each of these organizations generously made reports, images and data sets available, material that was not otherwise accessible outside of their offices. The archive is hosted on the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR) and available for public search and access for free.

Reports of submitted radiocarbon samples to Beta Analytic in 2021 and 2022.

Researchers have often tried to learn about the meaning of designs on Mimbres pottery by looking at what is depicted and speculating about what it might have meant. For example, we know they depict both animals that were eaten (such as rabbits) and animals that probably were not eaten (such as swallows). Now, thanks to a digital database known as MimPIDD (Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database), we can test some of these ideas systematically by examining the association of designs with certain proveniences and contexts. The Mimbres Pottery Analysis Exercise worksheet uses the Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database (MimPIDD) housed on tDAR to evaluate the hypothesis at a larger level, by comparing two different sites, known as Eby and Swarts. Data for this exercise include information about and photos of 10 bowls from each site. For purposes of this exercise, you can assume is a representative sample.

Short instructions on how to search the MimPIDD collection using tDAR. This is designed to pair with other educational lessons developed as part of the National Endowment for the Humanities two-year grant (2018-2019) entitled “From Library to Laboratory: Developing Tools to Enhance the Use of Digital Archaeological and Other Humanities Collections.”

Coding sheet for Mimbres Structure and Profile spreadsheet found at https://core.tdar.org/dataset/455458/mimbres-structure-and-profile

The Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database (MimPIDD) is a collection of images and data on more than 10,000 Mimbres pottery vessels. MimPIDD digital images illustrate the painted designs on each vessel, along with associated descriptive information about archaeological context, temporal style, and vessel form and size. This document provides additional background to MIMPIDD, describes how data are coded in the database, and guides the effective and ethical use of MIMPIDD. The information in the guide is applicable for the online search function, the public database, as well as the downloadable database accessible by permission only.

This document is an Assessment of Archaeological Site Conditions on Vandenberg Air Force Base for the Fiscal Years of 2019 for Zones 1 and 2. This report documents site conditions in Zones 1 and 2. Applied EarthWorks archaeologists examine sites in both subzones in each zone. The scope of work calls for preparing updated site records for all sites with boundary changes. Those updates were completed for 41 sites; the updated records, including maps, are included in Appendix B. 404 sites are recorded within Zones 1 and 2. Three of those were found and recorded during the current site condition assessment fieldwork. In many cases, the sites were inaccessible due to dense brush or unsafe conditions. In a few cases, the sites could not be relocated due to discrepancies between the GIS plotted location and the site record maps. As part of developing a score that quantifies site condition, both the severity and the corresponding ongoing rate are assigned numerical values. For each agent affecting site condition, the severity and the ongoing rate of degradation are multiplied together.

Coding sheet describing Mimbres Geometric Designs https://core.tdar.org/dataset/455456/mimbres-geometric-designs

PDF of Excel Spreadsheet with lead isotope ratios measured from various New Mexico lead sources at the Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Marine Sciences, UCSC by Prof. Judith Habicht Mauche and other members of her Ceramic Research Laboratory Group, 1998 to 2020. Use of these data are by permission only of the author and should be properly cited in any publication or presentation.

An investigation into Adena community organization using multiscalar comparisons of phenotypic variability. Appendices include mound construction sequences and revised estimates for sex and age-at-death.

This brochure addresses the role of special schools on U.S. military installations during the Vietnam War, identifies specific installations and resource types associated with special schools during the Vietnam War, and provides a context to evaluate the historical significance of these resources.

This is an abstract from the "Transcending Modern Boundaries: Recent Investigations of Cultural Landscapes in Southeastern Utah" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. San Juan Red Ware was produced primarily in southeastern Utah beginning around AD 750, and these vessels were traded throughout the Four Corners region of the U.S. Southwest. Its distribution in southeastern Utah demonstrates intriguing patterns of consumption, as some areas within the production zone of this ware either did not participate in red ware exchange or only participated in limited exchange. Prior studies indicate this ware is closely connected to identity and was likely introduced to the region by migrants to the area. This paper examines both the distribution patterns of San Juan Red Ware and the social networks of southeastern Utah to investigate patterns of exchange in this area involving this ware. This analysis highlights the diversity apparent in the region and demonstrates the complexity of social networks found therein.

This is an abstract from the "Frontier and Settlement Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Michilimackinac is well known as a French and British fur trade entrepôt in what is now northern Michigan. Analysis of personal adornment artifacts from a recently excavated fur trader's household revealed that the assemblage included some artifacts more commonly associated with the Spanish, jet beads and a fan stick fragment. Are these artifacts evidence for trade with the Spanish at St. Louis, or were the French or British commonly using these artifacts?

This paper evaluates the role that San Juan Red Ware played in social interaction. San Juan Red Ware was widely distributed throughout the Four Corners region between ca. A.D. 750 and 1100. Prior research has identified this ware as a marker of identity and established an association with communal feasting. A study of the distribution of this ware indicates that it was traded through specific social networks, which changed through time. While ceramics may profitably be used as stand-ins for actors in social networks, my focus is to investigate the roles that the ceramics themselves played in social interactions by evaluating how the material characteristics of these vessels helped to transmit and reinforce ideas of identity and community.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Tangier Island is a small, incorporated town, just over one square mile, of 470 inhabitants in the Chesapeake Bay, belonging to Accomack County, in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA. Its residents are densely related watermen and their families--mostly white, lower income, politically conservative, Christian, and skeptical of science and climate change. Endogamous marriage is preferred, resulting in residents who are kin in multiple ways to each other, while also holding individuated roles that are defined by occupation, gender, and other modes of differentiation. Their island, a series of three sandy ridges, is sinking, with scientists predicting it will be uninhabitable in 25-50 years, due to anthropogenic sea-level rise. This project asks: what is the effect of impending displacement on concepts of property and relatedness for Tangier islanders? What happens to inheritance, role succession, and local hierarchy in the face of imminent displacement? The project is comparative. Data will be gathered on historic (1900-2010) and contemporary (2010-present) relations, roles, and exchange practices, and on emic concepts of nature, time, and displacement, via a 13-month period of archival work and fieldwork, including interviewing, genealogical and oral history elicitation, and participant-observation, in four phases. The project seeks to fill a gap in anthropology's understanding the socio-cultural effects of climate change, including for populations that contest scientific epistemologies, and seeks to contribute to social science on recognition of interests, concomitant injuries of class, and socially stratified outcomes of imminent displacement.

Images of possible Iroquoian chunkey stones submitted by John Hart and Susan Dermacher.

Over the last decade many archaeologists (the author included) have increasingly employed computational approaches to make sense of the ever-larger amounts of relatively low-quality data available, to identify signals within the noise. Numerous applications of summed probability distributions of 14C dates and similarly sophisticated processing of tree-ring dates fall within this category, as do attempts to extract data related to specific research questions from the growing worldwide archaeological literature and its archives (e.g., tDAR, ADS) or government site files which can be processed to reveal counts of sites at risk from rising sea levels (for example). Another example is the increasing availability of usefully processed paleoclimate data available from cyberinfrastructure projects such as SKOPE. But having lots of data does not in my view (though this has sometimes been claimed) relieve us from the necessity of continuing to build theory. Indeed, theory now has the opportunity to become more elaborate in response to the sizes of our data sets and the increased sophistication of our questions. Agent-based modeling is one example of how theories can usefully become more elaborate, and I close with an example of a recent ABM that suggests a pathway for the growth and demise of a tributary mode of production in the US Pueblo Southwest.

The systematic indexation of quality in mass-produced goods offers a new approach for historical archaeology and studies of consumption. The relative excellence of glass and ceramics sherds has proven to be a useful complement to traditional analyses of function, fabric and decoration when studying consumer choice at the household level. But does this approach suit the archaeological study of personal goods? Are the challenges of artifact preservation and assemblage diversification too great? This paper will introduce the practice and limitations of the quality system as applied to two classes of personal goods from nineteenth-century domestic assemblages: footwear and pressed-metal ornaments known as ‘Birmingham wares’ (including buckles, buttons and brooches). It will overview current research (2014–2018) applying this approach to the analysis of working-class households in The Rocks, and more broadly, the archaeology of consumer life in colonial Sydney.

The Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) digital archive, “Vandenberg Air Force Base Archaeology and Cultural Resource Archive - Documents, Images, and other Data,” was created by the Center for Digital Antiquity (Digital Antiquity) in tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record). Funding for the project was provided by United States Air Force (USAF) Civil Engineer Center (USAF-CEC) Cultural Resource Management (CRM) Office and administered through a contract between Baer Engineering of Austin, Texas and Digital Antiquity at Arizona State University. In creating the archive, digital curators and data managers at Digital Antiquity worked with the (CRM) staff at VAFB. The creation of the VAFB digital archive in tDAR involved a number of activities: • First, the material to be considered for inclusion in the digital archive was identified by the VAFB CRM staff and reviewed by Digital Antiquity staff. Material included: CRM-related documents (in particular, site records, published and unpublished reports, and correspondence), images, and other relevant material for the archive. • The material was reviewed to determine the potential importance and relevance to future use for CRM activities. • During the process, duplicate files, draft documents for which a final version was available, and material that was determined not to be relevant for CRM uses were set aside and not immediately processed, but retained for checking as the creation of the digital archive progressed. • Relevant digital files were identified. Initially a number of these files (mainly CRM reports) were sent to digital Antiquity by VAFB CRM staff for uploading to tDAR and metadata records drafting. However, this process faltered when VAFB staff working on the project were reassigned or left the program. • Based on subsequent discussions with and requests from the VAFB CRM staff, sub-collections were created for organization and ease of use of the JBSA digital archive content. A number of project goals were accomplished or major progress was made towards achieving them as of July 2018 when this report was drafted initially.. 1. Create a digital archive of archaeological reports and site records for VAFB that can be used for the management of archeological information by the base cultural resources office. While not complete, the existing VAFB digital archive in tDAR is structured in a logical and useful way for effective data management as it content is added. 2. Create an in-depth style guide (Appendix 1) and uploading procedures for adding archaeological reports and site inventory records to the VAFB tDAR archive. 3. Connect archaeological reports to site inventory records to archaeological reports in tDAR. 4. The VAFB digital archive contains documents, images, and other data and information related to archaeological and other cultural heritage resources. The archive is fully useable by the JBSA CRM staff, however, many of the records need to be reviewed and any editing noted by the JBSA CRM staff should be made. Corrections and modifications can be accomplished by the JBSA CRM staff or, if preferable, through another contract with Digital Antiquity.

The Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA) Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Resources Archive is a digital archive created by the Center for Digital Antiquity (Digital Antiquity) in tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record). Funding for the project was provided by United States Air Force (USAF) Cultural Resource Management Program of the US Air Force Civil Engineer Center (USAF-CEC) and administered through contract between Baer Engineering of Austin, Texas and Digital Antiquity at Arizona State University. In creating the digital archive, digital curators and data managers at Digital Antiquity worked with the cultural resource management (CRM) staff at JBSA. The creation of the JBSA digital archive in tDAR involved a number of activities: • First, the material to be considered for inclusion in the digital archive was identified by the JBSA CRM staff and collected by Digital Antiquity staff. Material included: CRM-related documents, records, published and unpublished reports, correspondence, images, and other relevant material for the archive. • The materials were reviewed to determine the potential importance and relevance to future use for CRM activities. • Relevant paper records were scanned to create digital files for the archive and existing digital files were gathered so that a listing of the available material could be created for tracking the activities necessary to create a useful digital archive. • During the process duplicate files, draft documents for which a final version was available, and material that was determined not to be relevant for CRM uses were set aside and not immediately processed, but retained for checking as the creation of the digital archive progressed. • As relevant digital files were identified, they were uploaded to tDAR and metadata records drafted for them. Draft metadata records for review by the JBSA CRM staff are identified. The JBSA CRM staff must complete their review of these draft records. Once the review is completed, final editing, as needed can be accomplished and the records made accessible, files containing the reports, other documents, images, etc. may be kept confidential as determined by the JBSA and USAF-CEC CRM staffs. • Based on discussions with and requests from the JBSA CRM staff, sub-collections have been created for organizing and ease of use of the JBSA digital archive content. The JBSA digital archive contains documents, images, and other data and information related to archaeological and other cultural heritage resources. The archive is fully useable by the JBSA CRM staff, however, many of the records need to be reviewed and any editing noted by the JBSA CRM staff should be made. Corrections and modifications can be accomplished by the JBSA CRM staff or, if preferable, through another contract with Digital Antiquity. Digital Antiquity digital curators reviewed over 6,300 files in developing and organizing the JBSA digital archive in tDAR. About ten banker boxes of paper files were received from the JBSA CRM staff in 2015. These paper records, which included a range of documents, correspondence, and photos and other images, were reviewed by Digital Antiquity data management experts. Some of them were scanned and included among the digital files reviewed. Most of the files were received in digital formats from the JBSA CRM staff at the beginning of the project also in 2015. In addition, Michelle Wurtz Penton of Versar provided digital copies of a number of CRM reports done by GMI for various JBSA units. Each file was reviewed for technical integrity, CRM value, and available metadata by digital curators. After being reviewed, a file was either uploaded and a tDAR metadata record created or marked as: (1) a duplicate; (2) as having a technical issue that prevented uploading; or, (3) as potentially unsuitable for curation (i.e., not relevant to the JBSA CRM program). A full list of the files and their tDAR ID number (for those included in the archive) or other disposition information (e.g., they are a duplicate file or for some other reason were not included in the archive) is included in an Excel spreadsheet on the Digital Antiquity shared drive (JBSA_File_Tracker_20180731). Following the digital curator review, 3,520 files were uploaded to tDAR. Of the approximately 6,300 files reviewed, about 1100 were found to be duplicates, 200 were judged not to be relevant for the JBSA CRM program, and about 1000 had a technical problem that prevented them from being opened or uploaded. The uploaded files resulted in 2,352 tDAR resources. Some of the files, mainly images, shared the same descriptive, administrative, and technical metadata and are grouped together under a single metadata record. Resources are metadata records in tDAR that may be tied to one or more files. Closely related files (versions of the same document, portions of one report, closely related images) may be included in the same resource in tDAR. A copy of the current JBSA metadata style guide is provided as Appendix 2 of this report.

The MCX-CMAC utilizes the standard archival practice of unique naming of collections. The purpose of this is to avoid redundant and confusing collection names commonly found with archaeological investigations. Therefore, this collection is referred to as "Upper Yazoo Project-2.” This naming practice is consistent throughout the finding aid, the file folder titles, and box labels. The linear extent of this collection is one (1) linear inch. The documentation for this collection was minimal, consisting only of a small report on the magnetic survey and seven rolls of photographic material. It may be useful to researchers investigating the entire Upper Yazoo Projects set of collections.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Anthropologists have long been concerned with the immense variety of collective institutions developed by small-scale societies to foster solidarity, inculcate values, and manage resources. Long-term studies tracking the development and maintenance of such institutions would greatly benefit a range of social science disciplines, but are unfortunately rare. To this end, the proposed project will track the development and maintenance of land tenure arrangements in small-scale, early agricultural societies in the Puerco region of the American Southwest immediately prior to and following the development of sedentary villages. It achieves this goal by comparing and contrasting the settlement patterns, mobility strategies, and foodways of groups occupying lower population density areas considered marginal for maize agriculture with those of groups in population dense productive locales. Drawing on collective action theory, and niche construction theory, it is predicted that productive locales were occupied by less mobile homogenous groups that sought to maintain control over resources by restricting access exclusively to community members. Conversely, nearby low population marginal areas are expected to be occupied by socially and economically diverse mobile populations that permitted outsiders to access resources. Such an arrangement would have required mutually agreed upon rules to ensure that local populations with long-term interests and outsiders with short term interests did not come into conflict. By taking a long-term comparative perspective this project seeks to observe the process by which distinct property management arrangements were forged, maintained, and transformed.

This report provides guidance on how to slow the growth in volume of materials requiring long-term curation and allow for future efficient management of collections of undetermined, little or no research potential.

This report provides an overview which adopts a basic approach that describes the broadest outlines of Alaska’s prehistoric culture history as seen against the backdrop of these environmental changes and geographic divides. Results of the many more advanced analyses of prehistoric behavior are omitted for the sake of simplicity, as are the details of the many scholarly debates important in the archaeological literature.