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The article is devoted to the study of problems of stimulating business and social initiatives of the population based on the use of modern information technologies. It was found that the existing information space of the system of collective interactions is characterized by a high degree of "dispersion" of information on individual sites. The format of "presentation" of initiated projects is low-effective. This is a constraint on the development of business and social initiatives. The solution to these problems is proposed on the basis of combining information flows within a single information platform. The article suggests the design of this platform. Its functionality allows not only to stimulate business and social initiatives, but also to allow local authorities to get information about the social attitudes of citizens

Macromolecular isomerism has been an important yet largely understudied subject. Giant molecules based on molecular nanoparticles exhibit properties highly dependent on the primary structures, providing a platform for such studies. Various isomers have been designed, synthesized and characterized, including sequence-, regio-, and topo-isomers. The self-assembly of these isomers is influenced by the distinct symmetry and collective interaction of each building block in a subtle and delicate way. The results suggest that isomerism may be exploited as a new way for fine-tuning the structures and properties of macromolecules, which should be of great interest in both fundamental research and technical innovation.

The article examines the concept of «socio-psychological climate» and the factors influencing the socio-psychological climate in the team. The influence of positive and negative socio-psychological climate on the productivity of teachers is determined. It is invented ways to form and maintain the socio-psychological climate in the teaching staff in the process of personnel management of preschool educational institution. The author pays attention to interpersonal and collective interaction of teachers and the head of preschool educational institution in the process of collective solution of educational tasks and analyses leadership styles, their implementation in different teams and their impact on the socio-psychological climate in the teaching staff of preschool educational institutions., Досліджено поняття «соціально-психологічний клімат» і фактори, що впливають на соціально-психологічний клімат у колективі; визначено вплив позитивного та негативного соціально-психологічного клімату на продуктивність праці педагогів; винайдено шляхи формування та підтримки соціально-психологічного клімату в педагогічному колективі в процесі управлінської діяльності керівника закладу дошкільної освіти. Автор приділяє увагу міжособистісній та колективній взаємодії педагогів та керівника дошкільного закладу в процесі колективного вирішення педагогічних завдань та аналізує стилі керівництва, їх реалізацію в різних колективах та їх вплив на соціально-психологічний клімат у педагогічному колективі. дошкільна освіта.

Este texto reflete acerca da etnografia como metodologia que permite a construção de saberes locais com e sobre as crianças. Problematiza, a partir das práticas culturais e locais no contexto da escola de samba, a etnografia com crianças como uma metodologia útil e uma epistemologia que permite a produção de conhecimentos que reconhecem as crianças como sujeitos de direitos que participam de convívio coletivo marcado pela intergeracionalidade. Parte-se da pesquisa realizada sobre o carnaval na cidade de Florianópolis/SC e, especificamente, do “projeto mirim de casais de mestre sala e porta bandeira” da Escola de Samba Embaixada Copa Lord, localizada na comunidade do Morro da Caixa, região central da cidade, em que a proximidade com as crianças e adultos permitiu conhecer o lugar das crianças na interioridade das práticas ali existentes. Nesse texto escolhemos refletir sobre o aprimoramento do fazer etnográfico, identificando de que forma o tempo, as relações e as escolha das “técnicas” e recursos ocorrem no processo da pesquisa com crianças, em um esforço de interseccionar a etnografia pelo campo da Antropologia, colocando-a em diálogo com os Estudos da Infância e procurando conhecer as crianças a partir dos contextos locais onde constituem seus modos de vida.

Skydanovych Vitaliia Psychological structure of volunteer activity of students The article deals with theoretical analysis of the psychological structure of volunteer activity. Volunteer activities are considered as the result of creative self-development, self-imp­ro­vement; as a form of civic participation in socially useful affairs, a way of collective interaction and an effective mechanism for solving actual social problems; as voluntary, unconditional, di­sinterested, charitable activity, which is based on the desire to help another. Volunteer activities include such components of the psychological structure as cognitive, motivational, emotional- forceful , value and behavioural. Keywords: volunteer activity; students; psychological structure of volunteer activity; cognitive component; motivational component; emotional-forceful component; value component; behavioural component. У статті здійснено теоретичний аналіз психологічної структури волонтерської діяльності. Волонтерська діяльність розглядається як результат творчого саморозвитку, самовдосконалення; як форма громадянської участі в суспільно корисних справах, спосіб колективної взаємодії та ефективний механізм вирішення актуальних соціальних проблем; як добровільна, непримусова, безкорисна, благодійна діяльність, яка ґрунтується на праг­нен­ні допомогти іншому. Волонтерська діяльність включає у себе такі компоненти пси­хо­логічної структури, як когнітивний, мотиваційний, емоційно-вольовий, ціннісний та по­ве­дінковий. Ключові слова: волонтерська діяльність; студентська молодь; психологічна струк­тура волонтерської діяльності; когнітивний компонент; мотиваційний компонент; емо­ційно-вольовий компонент; ціннісний компонент; поведінковий компонент.

In this paper, we study collective interaction dynamics emerging in the game of football (soccer). To do so, we surveyed a database containing body-sensor traces measured during three professional football matches, where we observed statistical patterns that we used to propose a stochastic model for the players' motion in the field. The model, which is based on linear interactions, captures to a good approximation the spatiotemporal dynamics of a football team. Our theoretical framework, therefore, can be an effective analytical tool to uncover the underlying cooperative mechanisms behind the complexity of football plays. Moreover, we showed that it can provide handy theoretical support for coaches to evaluate teams' and players' performances in both training sessions and competitive scenarios.

The ion trap is a unique type of device that is used for quantum studies in physics and mass analysis in chemistry. The space charge effect, which is due to trapping of an excessive number of ions, has long been recognized to be harmful for ion manipulation or mass spectrometry analysis. Here, we show an interesting phenomenon in which the energy exchange through collective interaction between the ion species could be effectively used for ion manipulation and high-quality mass measurement. This observation not only reveals a fundamentally interesting process in ion trap operation but also suggests a new alternative means for mass analysis.

This chapter describes the influence of culture on some major pedagogical approaches to coaching and teaching team games developed and implemented across different Western countries and then examine the challenges involved for teachers and coaches implementing Game Sense in Asian countries, with a focus on Japan. Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) was Bunker and Thorpe’s response to concern with how physical education and sport coaching programs in the United Kingdom (UK) were producing skilful graduates who were not necessarily good players. The smaller and more comfortable environment of ‘team talks’ during small-sided games is far more conducive to verbal interaction and to answering coach/teacher questions. Coaching that adopts an inquiry-based approach is a feature of Game Sense with collective interaction for problem-solving in team talks or small groups down to pairs when focusing more on skill.

It has long been recognized that emission of radiation from atoms is not an intrinsic property of individual atoms themselves, but it is largely affected by the characteristics of the photonic environment and by the collective interaction among the atoms. A general belief is that preventing full decay and/or decoherence requires the existence of dark states, i.e., dressed light-atom states that do not decay despite the dissipative environment. Here, we show that, contrary to such a common wisdom, decoherence suppression can be intermittently achieved on a limited time scale, without the need for any dark state, when the atom is coupled to a chiral ring environment, leading to a highly non-exponential staircase decay. This effect, that we refer to as intermittent decoherence blockade, arises from periodic destructive interference between light emitted in the present and light emitted in the past, i.e., from delayed coherent quantum feedback., Financial support from MINECO/AEI/FEDER through projects EPheQuCS FIS2016-78010-P, CSIC Re-search Platform PTI-001, the PIE project 202050E098, the María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellencein R&D (MDM-2017-0711), and funding from CAIB PhD program is acknowledged.

A measurement system for the detection of a low concentration of nanoparticles based on optical microcavities with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) is developed and investigated. A novel method based on the WGM broadening allows us to increase the precision of concentration measurements up to 0.005 ppm for nanoparticles of a known size. We describe WGM microcavity manufacturing and quality control methods. The collective interaction process of suspended Ag nanoparticles in a liquid and TiO2 in the air with a microcavity surface is studied.

The role of turbulence is one of key issues for understanding the magnetic and plasma energy conversion, plasma heating and high energy particles acceleration in large temporal-spatial scale turbulent magnetic reconnection (LTSTMR; observed current sheet thickness to characteristic electron length, Larmor radius for low-beta and electron inertial length for high-beta, ratios on the order of ten to the power of ten or higher; observed evolution time to electron cyclotron time ratios on the order of ten to the power of ten or higher) . Solar atmosphere activities (e.g., limbs, flares, coronal mass ejections, solar winds and so on), which are the most important phenomenon in the solar and Sun-Earth space systems, are typical LTSTMRs.Here we used our newly developed RHPIC-LBM algorithm[*] to perform the role of turbulence in the magnetic fluctuation-induced self-generating-organization (MF-ISGO), the turbulence in the plasma turbulence-induced self-feeding-sustaining (PT-ISFS), and the interaction of turbulence between MF-ISGO and PT-ISFS in the continuous kinetic-dynamic-hydro fully coupled LTSTMR. First, we find that the self-generated turbulence by magnetic field and plasma motion collective interaction include two fully coupled processes of 1) fluid vortex induced magnetic reconnection (MR) and 2) MR induced fluid vortex. The Biermann battery effect and alpha-effect can not only generate magnetic fields, but can server them to trigger MR, the Spitzer resistance and turbulence resistance (beta-effect) can not only generate magnetic eddies, but can server them to trigger fluid turbulence. Then, we find that these interaction leads to vortex splitting and phase separating instabilities, and there are four species instabilities coexist in the evolution process. 1) Vortex separation interface instabilities. 2)Magnetic fluctuation-induced self-generating-organization instabilities. 3) Plasma turbulence-induced self-feeding-sustaining instabilities. 4) Vortex shedding instabilities.Finally, the nuanced details of the magnetic topological structure and the topological characterization of flow structures in plasma of the simulated 3D LTSTMR are also presented.The characterization of turbulence anisotropy and the turbulence acceleration of the LTSTMR are presented in Part II and Part III of this three-paper series study.*Techniques and algorithms for RHPIC-LBM have been developed in previous studies (e.g.,Zhu2020a, Zhu2020b)ReferencesZhu, B. J., Yan, H., Zhong, Y., et al. 2020a, Appl Math Model, 78, 932, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2019.09.043Zhu, B. J., Yan, H., Zhong, Y., et al. 2020b, Appl Math Model, 78, 968,doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2019.05.027

Предложены методические рекомендации обучения первичным навыкам во-лейбола на учебных занятиях в соответствии с особенностями и потенциальными возможностями студентов через проявление инициативности, самостоятельности и добровольности участия в коллективе., Methodical recommendations for teaching primary skills of volleyball in the classroom are proposed in accordance with the characteristics and potential capabilities of students through the manifestation of initiative, independence and voluntary participation in the team.

We present the results of experimental research of primary measuring transducers based on optical microresonators. We study the process of collective interaction of nanoparticles suspended in the liquid with the surfaces of adsorption sensors.

Most current studies involving prisoner’s dilemma games are formulated under the assumption that participators are rational during collective interaction. Although irrationality in some patterns has been considered in the evolution, the effects brought about by the hatred of the rich mentality have never been investigated. Here, we introduce a cumulative reward-based rule where a player will adopt an irrational strategy which is expressed in defection in the game if the cumulative reward of the opponent exceeds the threshold controlled by a given parameter. Interestingly, despite irrational defection, such rules will result in the best environment for cooperator’s viability. In addition, we have demonstrated that irrationality in this form could be favorable for the average allocation of wealth in terms of Gini coefficient.

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the essenceof the concept of “readiness of the future PHD forresearch and innovation activity”. This concept is newfor psychological and pedagogical discourse. Thetheoretical analysis of adjacent concepts was made:“readiness for professional activity”, “readiness forprofessional innovation activity”, “readiness forinnovative pedagogical activity”. It is shown thatreadiness for professional innovation activity isconditioned by factors such as: operational readiness,which means mastering the technology ofimplementation of innovation activity, which includes aset of professional knowledge, skills, methods andtechniques that will guarantee the process ofgeneration, development and dissemination ofinnovations; the formation of professional andinnovative qualities that determine personal readinessfor transformation, which we understand as themotivational and volitional qualities of an individual, theability to creative thinking and reflection, and the desirefor self-development and self-improvement; theavailability of innovative environment that createsconditions for collective interaction and promotes themost complete disclosure of the innovative potentialand creative activity of the individual. The analysis ofscientific sources has demonstrated the complexityand multi-vector approach to the discovery of theconcept of “readiness for innovative professionalactivity”, which scientists treat as a system, personalquality, personal position, personal status, integratedquality of the individual, integrative formation.According to the results of the theoretical researches,it was determined that the readiness of future PhD forresearch and innovation activity is the integrativequality of the individual, characterized by the existinginnovative and professional qualities, as well asoperational readiness for productive activities aimed atthe creation, development and the dissemination ofnew knowledge, the effectiveness of which greatlyincreases in an innovative environment.

Knowledge sharing behaviors play important roles in the spread of new concepts, ideas, and emerging technologies. However, how knowledge is disseminated in large-scale populations and what kinds of factors are associated with the collective knowledge sharing behaviors are still open issues. In this paper, we characterize the knowledge sharing behaviors via collective interaction in large-scale Question and Answer (Q&A) social networks. Specifically, we study the knowledge sharing behaviors in Zhihu and Quora, and utilize kendall coefficient and logistic regression model to quantify the influence of factors linked with sharing behaviors including friend's influence and the users' interest. We find that the knowledge sharing behavior is contagious among friends. The contagion is asymmetric. The individuals who are less active or less popular are more likely to be affected. Meanwhile the trusted users in the community are more likely to infect others.

Oscillatory systems with long-range or global coupling offer promising insight into the interplay between high-dimensional (or microscopic) chaotic motion and collective interaction patterns. Within this paper, we use Lyapunov analysis to investigate whether chimera states in globally coupled Stuart-Landau (SL) oscillators exhibit collective degrees of freedom. We compare two types of chimera states, which emerge in SL ensembles with linear and nonlinear global coupling, respectively, the latter introducing a constraint that conserves the oscillation of the mean. Lyapunov spectra reveal that for both chimera states the Lyapunov exponents split into several groups with different convergence properties in the limit of large system size. Furthermore, in both cases the Lyapunov dimension is found to scale extensively and the localization properties of covariant Lypunov vectors manifest the presence of collective Lyapunov modes. Here, however, we find qualitative differences between the two types of chimera states: Whereas the ones in the system under nonlinear global coupling exhibit only slow collective modes corresponding to Lyapunov exponents equal or close to zero, those which experience the linear mean-field coupling exhibit also faster collective modes associated with Lyapunov exponents with large positive or negative values. Furthermore, for the fastest collective mode we showed that it spreads across both synchonous and incoherent oscillators.

Russian Abstract: В центре исследовательского внимания динамика популярности персоноцентричных и социоцентричных символов успеха, выраженных содержанием популярных фильмов кинопроката США. На примере анализа массива популярных художественных фильмов 1980–2019 гг., представленных в Топ 10 лидеров кассовых сборов по статистике Box Office Mojo, предпринята попытка типологии вырабатываемых массовой культурой США мотиваций деятельности на основе диспозиции символов успеха автономной деятельности (персоноцентризм) и коллективного взаимодействия (социоцентризм). Маркирование персоноцентризма и социоцентризма (двух различных стратегий достижения успеха) в художественной реальности кинофильма предполагает определение транслируемых посредством кинокоммуникации стереотипов поведения. В основе исследования лежит метод типологии кинофильмов как персноцентричных и социоцентричных символов успеха, подразумевающий комплекс неопросных методов качественного и количественного анализа сюжетного содержания. Новизна исследования заключается как в инновационном авторском подходе к анализу социокультурных процессов, так и в интерпретации общедоступных эмпирических данных кассовых сборов кинопроката. Полученные результаты позволяет утверждать, что маркирование популярности социоцентричного либо персоноцентричного содержания фильмов в отличии от идеального образа культурного героя (в отечественной традиции — это коллективист, в американской — индивидуалист) отражает ценностную динамику символов успеха коллективного взаимодействия или автономной деятельности индивида в массовой культуре США. English Abstract: The focus of the research attention is on the dynamics of the popularity of the person-centric and socio-centric symbols of success, expressed by the content of popular films of USA film distribution. On the example of analysis of the corpus of popular feature films from 1980 to 2019, presented in the Top-10 leaders of box-office sales revenue according to Box Office Mojo statistics, the attempt of typology of motivations of activity developed by mass culture of the USA on the basis of a disposition of symbols of success of autonomous activity (personocentrism) and collective interaction (sociocentrism) is made. Marking the personocentrism and sociocentrism (two different strategies of achieving success) in the artistic reality of a movie assumes the determination of stereotypes of behavior, broadcasted by means of movie communication. The research is based on the method of a typology of movies as person-centric and socio-centric symbols of success, implying a set of non-interrogative methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the plot content. The novelty of the research is due to both the innovative author's approach to the analysis of sociocultural processes and interpretation of publicly available empirical data of box office film distribution. The obtained results suggest that the marking of the popularity of socio-centric or person-centric content of films in contrast to the ideal image of a cultural hero (in the national tradition - a collectivist, in the American - an individualist) reflects the value dynamics of the symbols of the success of collective interaction or autonomous activity of the individual in the mass culture of the United States.

Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860) and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) are novels significant for their distinct awareness of the socio-political power of the gaze. In this essay, I will reveal how these authors use the male and female gaze in similar and contrasting ways. In particular, I shall explore the ways they denounce the patriarchal Victorian system, which renders the act of gazing a power that is both objectifying and degrading. Gazing enacts itself to varying degrees through the social hierarchy, indicating whom can objectify whom, and can enact upon what they choose to see. This hierarchy of Victorian English society is so varied by class, wealth, gender, and race that the gaze in these texts does not always operate in the same way. These complicated intricacies of the gaze are what make these novels require such in-depth analysis, because of the multiple ways in which the gaze can work according to individual scenarios. Both authors portray these complicated intricacies by using both the male and female gaze in the text. While academic critique usually separates these two gazes due to their gender, the novels of Collins and Wilde reveal how important it is to study them together, because while the gaze affects people individually, it is essentially a collective interaction. Collins and Wilde take separate approaches in depicting the gaze: the former testing the capability of the reader to look beyond the coercive statements of the first-person narrator, and the latter an omnipresent third-person narrator. Together, these different approaches increase reader understanding of the mechanical workings of the gaze and therefore complements a comparative analysis of the two novels.

Cloud computing meets numerous challenges at increasing number of users because the demand of resources sharing and usage are increased rapidly. Therefore, load balancing between resources is an important field for scheduling tasks to achieve better performance. In this chapter, a Hybrid Artificial Bee and Ant Colony optimization (H_BAC) load balancing algorithm is proposed. It depends on joining the important behavior of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) such as discovering good solutions rapidly and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm such as collective interaction of bees and sharing information by waggle dancing. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with ACO, ABC, and an existing hybrid algorithm. The simulation results show that H_BAC improves execution time, response time, makespan, resource utilization and standard deviation. This improvement reaches about 40% in the execution time and response time and 30% in the makespan over the other algorithms.

Assemblies of nanoparticles (NPs) have regional correlated properties with new features compared to individual NPs or random aggregates. The orientational NP assembly contributes greatly to the collective interaction of individual NPs with geometrical dependence. Therefore, orientational NPs assembly techniques have emerged as promising tools for controlling inorganic NPs spatial structures with enhanced interesting properties. The research fields of orientational NP assembly have developed rapidly with characteristics related to the different methods used, including chemical, physical and biological techniques. The current and potential applications, important challenges remain to be investigated. An overview of recent developments in orientational NPs assemblies, the multiple strategies, biosensors and challenges will be discussed in this review.

A theoretical scheme to systematically describe correlated (network-like) interactions between molecular fragments is proposed within the framework of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. The method is mathematically based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the inter-fragment interaction energy (IFIE) matrix obtained by the FMO calculation, and can be applied to a comprehensive description of protein-protein interactions in the context of molecular recognition. In the present study we apply the proposed method to a complex of measles virus hemagglutinin and human SLAM receptor, thus finding a usefulness for efficiently eliciting the correlated interactions among the amino-acid residues involved in the two proteins. Additionally, collective interaction networks by amino-acid residues important for mutation experiments can be clearly visualized., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • A new method to describe correlated molecular-fragment interactions is proposed. • Inter-fragment interaction energies (IFIEs) are calculated by the FMO method. • Singular value decomposition is applied to the IFIE matrix for protein complex. • Correlated inter-residue interactions in the complex are extracted systematically. • Complex of measles virus hemagglutinin and SLAM receptor is analyzed.

Different types of social behavior are characterized by different behavioral reactions. Characteristics of selfish and altruistic social behavior are not clearly confirmed by the data of psychophysiological studies. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to identify the peculiarities of behavioral reactions of individuals with more expressed egoistic and altruistic social behavior, which are based on data of electroencephalographic research. 120 (aged 21±4 years) individuals took part in the study. As a result of complex psychological testing (based on Leary’s test) all subjects were divided into two groups - altruistic and egoistic. Registration of electrical activity was carried out in a model of collective interaction using the Stag Hunt Game and a specially developed model of social behavior Mini-Basketball. The number of elections for egoistic and altruistic stimulus and the reaction time to them were observed in the study. The stimulus "Rabbit" and "Throw" were considered as egoistic; “Stag" and "Pass" - as altruistic in accordance with the test methods. As a result, the frequency of choosing the type of stimuli corresponds to the social orientation of the individuals. The reaction time increases with the choice of the type of stimulus, which does not coincide with the type of social orientation of the subject.

Contrary to the conventional approach of maximizing the so-called beta factor for thresholdless lasing, we utilized collective interaction of phase-aligned atomic dipoles in a high-Q cavity to demonstrate thresholdless lasing even with a beta factor of 0.03 in the setting of the single-atom superradiance.

The three components of the personality (body, mind, and soul)—that in Sorokin’s theorizations represent the three means for knowledge (empirical-sensity, reason, and intuition)—constitute the very essence of personality itself (the subject of individual or collective interaction). In this dialectical process, there is a direct relation between the dominant social mentality and the conduct of the subject within it. However, this relation does not result in a one-to-one correspondence. It is very variable in some societies and more explicit in others, a condition erasing any doubts that individual development is connected with sociocultural organization. This has been largely documented by many sociological and psychological studies, which have drawn attention to some core features of personality (first part of the chapter). In the second part of the chapter, we suggest a more actual reading of the concepts used by Sorokin until the 1950s to address the theme of personality. Reflecting on contemporary society broadens our perspective, allowing us to sketch an overview of how the elements (personality, society, and culture) interconnect, how they are involved in the various processes, and their influence on the changes of a highly uncertain society.

Collective Interaction (CI) is an interaction model coined to explore new opportunities for interactive technology in support close collaboration amongst co-located people. This paper reports on a Research through Design (RtD) based visual analysis of seven CI research prototypes. The analysis includes an annotated portfolio, annotated mappings and redesign sketches. Through comparisons the visual analyses, identifies qualities, similarities and differences of CI, and connect these to properties of the design. Through its capacity to point out and articulate CI qualities, the visual analysis contributes to the repertoire of RtD approaches, by framing discussions relevant for understanding the characteristics of design prototypes extending beyond the written language.

У даній роботі aналізується використання проектної методики у навчанні студентів. Метод проектів створює умови, за яких студенти навчаються у колективній взаємодії й удосконалюють комунікативні вміння. Проектна діяльність в процесі підготовки дозволяє розвивати професійні якості, знання, уміння та навички писемного мовлення, ураховувати індивідуальні здібності студента та покращує реалізовувати міждисциплінарний підхід у навчанні. This paper analyzes the use of project methodology in education of student. The project method creates conditions under which students learn in collective interaction and improve communication skills. Project activity in the preparation process allows to develop professional qualities, knowledge, abilities and skills of written communication, take into account the individual abilities of the student and improves the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in education.

У даній роботі aналізується ефективність використання блогів у навчальному процесі. Блоги надають широкі можливості у роботі з лексичним матеріалом, передавати необхідну інформацію одночасно усім студентам та наповнювати його таким змістом, який найкраще відповідає навчальним потребам студентів. Поділ ідей через блоги допомагає студентам вдосконалювати свої писемні навички. Вони навчаються структурувати свої думки, виражати їх чітко та переконливо, а також використовувати відповідну граматику та стиль письма. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of using blogs in the educational process. Blogs provide wide opportunities in working with lexical material, conveying the necessary information to all students at the same time and filling it with such content that best meets the educational needs of students. Sharing ideas through blogs helps students improve their writing skills. They learn to structure their thoughts, express them clearly and persuasively, and use appropriate grammar and writing style.

Emoticons are popular among distributed collective interaction user in expressing their emotion, gestures and actions. Emoticons have been proved to be able to avoid misunderstanding of the message, attention saving and improved the communications among different native speakers. However, beside the benefits that emoticons can provide, the study regarding emoticons in cultural perspective is still lacking. As emoticons are crucial in global communication, culture should be one of the extensively research aspect in distributed collective interaction. Therefore, this study attempt to explore and develop model for cultural-based emoticon. Three cultural models that have been used in Human-Computer Interaction were studied which are the Hall Culture Model, Trompenaars and Hampden Culture Model and Hofstede Culture Model. The dimensions from these three models will be used in developing the proposed cultural-based emoticon model.

This article explores the types of work undertaken by jazz musicians in London, categorizing their activities using two axes derived from debates over ‘creative labour’. Firstly, the extent to which different jobs offer scope for creative autonomy and, secondly, the extent to which they involve collective as opposed to individualized working relationships. It focuses on the process of becoming established on the London ‘scene’, presenting qualitative interview data primarily with young workers seeking to build their careers. Musicians may make conscious decisions to pursue types of work which enable greater creative autonomy, but in doing so they may exacerbate fatalism about poor working conditions and undermine professional solidarity. The article also explores how pressures towards ‘entrepreneurialism’ in other forms of music work constitute further barriers to collective contestation of working conditions. Finally, it points towards types of music work where notions of professional economic interest have more traction.

Дехтяр Є. С. Психолого-педагогічні основи поняття колективної взаємодії. У статті на ґрунті аналізу наукової літератури виокремлено основні підходи науковців до тлумачення поняття колективної взаємодії, розкрито психолого-педагогічні основи окресленого поняття, розглянуто основні теорії колективної взаємодії в соціальній психології і педагогіці. Ключові слова: взаємодія, колективна взаємодія, міжособистісна взаємодія, соціальна взаємодія, колектив, соціальна компетентність, функції. Дехтяр Е. С. Психолого-педагогические основы понятия коллективного взаимодействия. В статье на основе анализа научной литературы определены основные подходы ученых к пониманию понятия коллективного взаимодействия; раскрыты психолого-педагогические основы исследуемого понятия; рассмотрены основные теории коллективного взамодействия в соцмальной психологии и педагогике. Ключевые слова: взаимодействие, коллективное взаимодействие, межличностное взаимодействие, социальное взаимодействие, коллектив, социальная компетентность, функции. Dekhtyar E. S. Psychological and pedagogical foundations of the concept of collective interaction. In this article on the analysis of scientific literature basic foundations for definition of the collective interaction are distinguished. The psychological and pedagogical basic of this notion are opened. The basic theories of the collective interaction are considered in social psychology and pedagogic. Key words: cooperation, collective interaction, social cooperation, social competation, the community, social competation, functions.

This study examines how Augmented Reality (AR) visualizations can impact the collective interaction of users. This research will focus on a multiphase experience with a buildup of different levels of Virtual Reality through the use of panoramas and 3D models. The experience was created using a participatory method with multiple tests and iterations to better create an evaluable product. The result if this experiment shows that the impact AR has on users is extensive. A properly framed character can even change a pair of two users into a group of three.

In this chapter we discuss the mechanical behaviour of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) also known as carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays, bundles, brushes, foams, forests, mats, and turfs. VACNTs are complex, hierarchical structures of intertwined tubes arrayed in a nominally vertical alignment due to their perpendicular growth from a stiff substrate. They are a unique class of materials having many of the desirable thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes, while exhibiting these properties through the collective interaction of thousands of tubes on a macroscopic scale.

Hitmachine empowers children to make music through building physical, shared interactive instruments from Lego MindstormsTM and playing them to a beat. The design rationale for Hitmachine draws upon the collective interaction model, theories of proxemics and F-formations, as well as a framework for social interaction. Hitmachine was evaluated during a 4-day workshop where 150 children aged 3-13 engaged with the system. Based on lessons from this workshop we point to key issues to consider when designing for collective music making. This includes designing for multiple access points and spatial orientation of these, designing for sense of impact as well as sense of control, and giving careful consideration to how the spatial configuration of technological artifacts and furniture can provide opportunities for social interaction.

In this work, we present the state of the art in the use of theory (first principles, molecular dynamics, and statistical methods) for interpreting and understanding the infrared (vibrational) absorption and Raman scattering spectra. It is discussed how they can be used in combination with purely experimental studies to generate infrared and Raman images of biomolecules in biologically relevant solutions, including fluids, cells, and both healthy and dis- eased tissue. The species and conformers of the individual biomolecules are in many cases not stable structures, species, or conformers in the isolated state or in non-polar non-strongly interacting solvents. Hence, it is better to think of the collective behavior of the system. The collective interaction is not the simple sum of the individual parts. Here, we will show that this is also not true for the infrared and Raman spectra and images and that the models used must take this into account. Hence, the use of statistical methods to interpret and understand the infrared and Raman spectra and images from biological tissues, cells, parts of cells, fluids, and even whole organism should change accordingly. As the species, conformers and structures of biomolecules are very sensitive to their environment and aggregation state, the combined use of infrared and Raman spectroscopy and imaging and theoretical simulations are clearly fields, which can benefit from their joint and mutual development.

Multiscale simulations using the quasicontinuum (QC) method with the embedded-atom method (EAM) potential are performed to examine the mechanical response of Cu–Ag bilayer film during nanoindentation tests. An attempt is made, from the viewpoint of collective interaction among misfit dislocations on the interface, to account for the strengthening and weakening mechanisms of interface on Cu–Ag bilayer film. The details of misfit dislocation nucleation, motion and collective interaction on Cu/Ag and Ag/Cu interfaces are discussed systematically, respectively. The investigation shows that the property and performance of Cu–Ag bilayer film mainly depend on the mechanical property of upper film. Both the strengthening and weakening effects are closely related to the collective interaction among misfit dislocations on the interface. Due to the pinning effect of interface on misfit dislocation, both the local interface migration and the voids can be observed at the core region of misfit dislocations. For nanoindentation on Cu/Ag bilayer film, the plastic deformation is localized chiefly in the lower Ag substrate and the void will disappear with the redistribution of misfit dislocations, which indicate that there are distinct protective and strengthening effects of the upper Cu film on the lower Ag substrate. While, for nanoindentation on Ag/Cu bilayer film, both the upper Ag film and the lower Cu substrate experience plastic deformation and the voids will not disappear, which imply that there are an obvious weakening effect of the upper Ag film on the lower Cu substrate. In addition, the multiscale simulation results are consistent with the experimental results.

The aim of this paper is to look at public research funding systems from the perspective of their broader institutional arrangements, in order to observe how these shape the relationships between funding agencies and research actors. Accordingly, public funding is considered as a multilevel and multiactor system, where stable patterns are largely generated by the collective interaction among actors (beyond formal rules and structures) and where coordination between actors (especially funding agencies and performers) represents a key for the functionality of the systems. This drives to characterise the main organisational forms of public research funding in terms of their underlying coordination mode and to use this framework to evaluate them against a number of criteria. Further, the way how these organisational forms can be combined to yield national-level configurations is discussed, and some of their properties and conditions of functioning are derived from the previous discussion; this also leads to identification of three main configurations of funding systems – the project-based model, the mixed model, the vertically integrated model – which describe the variety of national systems and, to a large extent, underpin current discussion on European research policy.