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1,518 results on '"College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking]"'

1. Three Gorges Dam: friend or foe of riverine greenhouse gases?

Author: Jinren Ni, Haizhen Wang, Tao Ma, Rong Huang, Philippe Ciais, Zhe Li, Yao Yue, Jinfeng Chen, Bin Li, Yuchun Wang, Maosheng Zheng, Ting Wang, Alistair G L Borthwick, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Wuhan University [China], China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), North China Electric Power University, University of Edinburgh, and This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51721006, 92047303, and U2240205)
Subjects: Yangtze River, Multidisciplinary, whole system analysis, Equilibrium, greenhouse gas, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, equilibrium, spatiotemporal variation, Three Gorges Dam
Abstract: Dams are often regarded as greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. However, our study indicated that the world's largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), has caused significant drops in annual average emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O over 4300 km along the Yangtze River, accompanied by remarkable reductions in the annual export of CO2 (79%), CH4 (50%) and N2O (9%) to the sea. Since the commencement of its operation in 2003, the TGD has altered the carbonate equilibrium in the reservoir area, enhanced methanogenesis in the upstream, and restrained methanogenesis and denitrification via modifying anoxic habitats through long-distance scouring in the downstream. These findings suggest that ‘large-dam effects’ are far beyond our previous understanding spatiotemporally, which highlights the fundamental importance of whole-system budgeting of GHGs under the profound impacts of huge dams.
Published: 2022
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2. Construction and analysis of discretization schemes for one-dimensional nonlocal Schrödinger equations with exact absorbing boundary conditions

Author: Pang, Gang, Ji, Songsong, Antoine, Xavier, School of Mathematical Sciences [Beijing] (SMS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), College of Engineering [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systems with physical heterogeneities : inverse problems, numerical simulation, control and stabilization (SPHINX), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This research is partially supported by NSFC under grant Nos. 11502028. Research conducted within the context of the Sino-French International Associated Laboratory for Applied Mathematics-LIASFMA. Xavier ANTOINE thanks the LIASFMA funding support of the Université de Lorraine., and Antoine, Xavier
Subjects: Nonlocal Schrödinger equation, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], exact absorbing boundary condition, stability and error analysis, [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP]
Abstract: The construction of exact absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for the one-dimensional nonlocal fully-discrete Schrödinger equation is proposed. The computation of the Green's functions for the discrete nonlocal Schrödinger equation is stated and used to build the ABCs. Numerical error estimates are then proved for the case of a singular interaction kernel. The theory and numerical analysis is supported by numerical examples.
Published: 2021

3. Intracellular influx of calcium induced by quartz particles in alveolar macrophages

Author: Shang, Yu [State Key Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)]
Published: 2010
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4. Satellite-based estimates of decline and rebound in China's CO2 emissions during COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Philippe Ciais, Qiang Zhang, Steven J. Davis, Jintai Lin, Frédéric Chevallier, Bo Zheng, Nana Wu, Ronald van der A, Jun Meng, Folkert Boersma, Dabo Guan, Grégoire Broquet, Kebin He, Yu Lei, Randall V. Martin, Guannan Geng, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Peking University [Beijing], Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Physics - Physics and Society, China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Luchtkwaliteit, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Air Quality, Pandemic, Life Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Pollutant, WIMEK, Multidisciplinary, Nitrates, Geography, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Carbon Dioxide, Satellite Communications, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Economic recovery, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract: Changes in CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been estimated from indicators on activities like transportation and electricity generation. Here, we instead use satellite observations together with bottom-up information to track the daily dynamics of CO2 emissions during the pandemic. Unlike activity data, our observation-based analysis deploys independent measurement of pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere to correct misrepresentation in the bottom-up data and can provide more detailed insights into spatially explicit changes. Specifically, we use TROPOMI observations of NO2 to deduce 10-day moving averages of NO x and CO2 emissions over China, differentiating emissions by sector and province. Between January and April 2020, China's CO2 emissions fell by 11.5% compared to the same period in 2019, but emissions have since rebounded to pre-pandemic levels before the coronavirus outbreak at the beginning of January 2020 owing to the fast economic recovery in provinces where industrial activity is concentrated.
Published: 2020
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5. ESA Voyage 2050 white paper -- Faint objects in motion: the new frontier of high precision astrometry

Author: Malbet, Fabien, Abbas, U., Alves, J., Boehm, C., Brown, W., Chemin, L., Correia, A., Courbin, F., Darling, J., Diaferio, A., Fortin, M., Fridlund, M., Gnedin, O., Holl, B., Krone-Martins, A., Léger, A., Labadie, L., Laskar, J., Mamon, G., McArthur, B., Michalik, D., Moitinho, A., Oertel, M., Ostorero, L., Schneider, J., Scott, P., Shao, M., Sozzetti, A., Tomsick, J., Valluri, M., Wyse, R., Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universität Wien, Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M2A 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique [Versoix] (LASTRO), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Heckscher-Klinikum, Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut Planetologie Astrophysique de Grenoble, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AUTRES, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Sky survey telescopes and powerful targeted telescopes play complementary roles in astronomy. In order to investigate the nature and characteristics of the motions of very faint objects, a flexibly-pointed instrument capable of high astrometric accuracy is an ideal complement to current astrometric surveys and a unique tool for precision astrophysics. Such a space-based mission will push the frontier of precision astrometry from evidence of earth-massed habitable worlds around the nearest starts, and also into distant Milky way objects up to the Local Group of galaxies. As we enter the era of the James Webb Space Telescope and the new ground-based, adaptive-optics-enabled giant telescopes, by obtaining these high precision measurements on key objects that Gaia could not reach, a mission that focuses on high precision astrometry science can consolidate our theoretical understanding of the local universe, enable extrapolation of physical processes to remote redshifts, and derive a much more consistent picture of cosmological evolution and the likely fate of our cosmos. Already several missions have been proposed to address the science case of faint objects in motion using high precision astrometry ESA missions: NEAT for M3, micro-NEAT for S1 mission, and Theia for M4 and M5. Additional new mission configurations adapted with technological innovations could be envisioned to pursue accurate measurements of these extremely small motions. The goal of this white paper is to address the fundamental science questions that are at stake when we focus on the motions of faint sky objects and to briefly review quickly instrumentation and mission profiles.
Published: 2019

6. Performance and microbial community of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor in the treatment of cephalosporin wastewater

Author: Jing Wu, Jian Shen, Yuying Hu, Zhonghua Li, Jiane Zuo, Huai-Zhi Li, Chuanyang Liu, Kaijun Wang, State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Methanobacterium, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic retention time, medicine.drug_class, Cephalosporin, Bioengineering, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, Waste Disposal, Fluid, 01 natural sciences, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, 010608 biotechnology, medicine, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrogenotroph, Sewage, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Microbiota, General Medicine, Pulp and paper industry, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Cephalosporins, Microbial population biology, Methylotroph
Abstract: In this study, the anaerobic treatment and microbial characteristics of high-concentration cephalosporin wastewater were studied. A pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was designed to treat cephalosporin wastewater, whose diameter, height and effective volume were 0.5 m, 4.9 m, 0.92 m3, respectively. With mixed high-concentration cephalosporin wastewater and municipal wastewater as a substrate, the anaerobic reactor was started and operated 414 days. An average COD removal efficiency of 72% was achieved at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.96 kg COD/(m3·d), with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 h. The average methane content reached 82%. Methanobacterium and Methanomassiliicoccus were predominant archaea in the granular sludge for each of the organic loading rates, and the predominant methane-producing pathway was hydrogenotroph and methylotroph. Those results demonstrated that the EGSB reactor could treat high-concentration cephalosporin wastewater with a unique methane-producing pathway.
Published: 2019
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7. Study of an enhanced dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Performance and microbial community property

Author: Souhila Poncin, Huai-Zhi Li, Jiane Zuo, Kaijun Wang, Jing Wu, Yuying Hu, State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Swine, Bioengineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010608 biotechnology, Animals, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Food science, Anaerobiosis, Methane production, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Microbiota, General Medicine, Manure, 6. Clean water, Anaerobic digestion, Microbial population biology, Heating energy, Digestate, Retention time, Methane
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion could treat organic wastes and recovery energy. Dry anaerobic digestion had advantages of low heating energy, small digester and less digestate, but its methane production was poor. In this study, an enhanced dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure (thermal treatment + dry anaerobic digestion) was proposed, and its feasibility was investigated via semi-continuous experiment. Results showed that methane production rates were 314.6, 416.0, 298.0 and 69.9 mL CH4/g VS at solid retention time (SRT) of 41 d, 35 d, 29 d and 23 d. Volatile solids (VS) removal rate and methane production rate could reached 71.4% and 416.0 mL CH4/g VS respectively at SRT of 35 d. Methane production rate of the enhanced dry anaerobic digestion was 390% higher than that of dry anaerobic digestion. Microbial study indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogens predominated with the abundance of 90.2%, while acetoclastic methanogens were not detected. This process was feasible, and was of great practical importance.
Published: 2019
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8. Erratum: 'First Search for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars with Advanced LIGO' (2017, ApJ, 839, 12)

Author: M. Lee, G. Kang, M. Razzano, A. Pal-Singh, V. Kondrashov, A. Nitz, A. Hu, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Zoheyr Doctor, Karan Jani, F. Frasconi, R. Mittleman, J. De, Nelson Christensen, Gijs Nelemans, William Yam, L. Wallace, A. Królak, R. Frey, R. Williams, Y. Minenkov, M. Turconi, Jolien D. E. Creighton, R. Flaminio, T. Whelan, Adam A. Miller, Soumi De, G. Mendell, J. Trinastic, L. Kuo, E. Capocasa, K. Blackburn, A. Schönbeck, S. Brunett, M. Haney, H. Wittel, S. G. Schwalbe, T. A. Callister, N. Kijbunchoo, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, B. Shapiro, D. Hall, Carsten Kramer, B. Hobbs, V. Dolique, Vincenzo Pierro, R. Kirchhoff, T. Theeg, M. Hu, M. Phelps, B. Day, A. Avila-Alvarez, K. Gill, Walter Winkler, Harald Lück, B. U. Gadre, Sebastien Biscans, J. Prasad, Reinhard Prix, J. Li, B. Eggenstein, Paul D. Lasky, Q. Chu, Jade Powell, A. Bisht, Marco Bazzan, H. Qi, M. Branchesi, Zefeng Zhou, S. Ma, M. Ast, O. E. S. Sauter, J. Woehler, M. Prijatelj, M. Cho, G. Gaur, A. Clark, B. Coughlin, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, S. Hu, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, Alvaro-Miguel Fernandez Galiana, C. Mcguire, Steven Bloemen, K. Izumi, T. M. C. Abbott, L. Pinard, Odylio D. Aguiar, Matthew Pitkin, N. Ma, C. Baune, D. Ugolini, J. Eichholz, L. Schaaf, B. L. Pearlstone, Michael Thomas, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, V. Fafone, M. Bader, N. A. Lockerbie, J. Lang, C. C. Buchanan, László Gondán, P. Pfeiffer, S. Kim, A. Cumming, Federico Ferrini, G. Vajente, G. P. Newton, A. Bohe, M. Fyffe, E. Goetz, S. Penn, M. Lormand, M. C. Heintze, Blake Moore, Carlos O. Lousto, B. Braginsky, M. Wade, Kendall Ackley, M. Granata, F. Garufi, Gabriela Gonzalez, V. Dattilo, F. Carbognani, A. Bilenko, Minchuan Zhou, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, M. Shoemaker, Tejinder Kaur, T. De, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, A. Brillet, J. Schmidt, J. Ma, M. Vardaro, F. Robinet, P. Fulda, F. Baldaccini, J. Cho, S. Chu, T. Zhang, M. Wei, L. Stuver, B. Kanner, S. G. Crowder, B. Li, P. Ajith, D. Passuello, Andrew Lyne, R. Passaquieti, S. Ascenzi, J. Daw, J. King, M. Factourovich, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, Fabrizio Barone, Alessandro Bertolini, F. Travasso, A. Viceré, Michał Bejger, E. Katsavounidis, Yi Chen, S. E. Barclay, K. S. Karvinen, Ofek Birnholtz, J. Betzwieser, M. C. Araya, Antoine Heidmann, R. Corbitt, E. Rhoades, Thibaut Jacqmin, Lucas Guillemot, C. Messenger, M. J. Hart, A. Quintero, A. Chiummo, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, V. Brisson, H. Radkins, Mairi Sakellariadou, C. De, J. Warner, S. Rabeling, Laleh Sadeghian, G. Gemme, M. Drago, Guenakh Mitselmakher, R. Wade, L. Miller, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, O. V. Palashov, F. Piergiovanni, K. Gustafson, R. Wei, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, M. Scott, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Ryan Lynch, C. I. Torrie, S. Wu, N. Straniero, F. Ricci, V. Gayathri, V. V. Frolov, M. Poe, L. Ma, J. Lehmann, T. D. Creighton, Badri Krishnan, Chang-Hwan Lee, S. Leavey, G. Pillant, R. Morriss, F. Brand, M. C. Edwards, H. Heitmann, I. Ma, N. Leroy, M. Kasprzack, J. Howell, C. Affeldt, E. Schreiber, G. McIntyre, J. Bulten, Debnandini Mukherjee, Luciano Di Fiore, C. Whittle, A. Sawadsky, E. Chassande-Mottin, Douglas Davis, H. Fair, Andrea Taracchini, D. Bersanetti, S. Mirshekari, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, Juan Antonio Aguilar Sanchez, J. E. Broida, D. Sellers, J. Meidam, Alessandro Corongiu, Riccardo Sturani, R. Ingram, B. Ma, C. Driggers, D. Hoak, Samuele Cortese, Yu Wang, J. Oram, M. Sintes, Piotr Jaranowski, B. Kozak, B. K. Berger, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, L. Willis, P. Kumar, Michele Zanolin, Sheila Rowan, D. Sentenac, A. Bozzi, K. Ma, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, T. Vo, R. Bonnand, K. E. Gushwa, F. Costa, M. Pürrer, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, S. Cho, F. Oh, O. Lebigot, Luca Gammaitoni, D. Hu, B. R. Hall, L. Re, Tenglin Li, M. Guidi, I. Kowalska, T. Sadecki, D. Fiorucci, G. Kuehn, W. Z. Korth, L. Rolland, N. Indik, M. Mohan, B. Kelley, K. A. Strain, K. Haughian, J. Re, S. Vinciguerra, John D. Scott, W. Pratt, S. Grunewald, C. Batch, Catherine M. McGrath, R. Taylor, R. Brady, Jon M. Miller, G. Billingsley, B. B. Miller, S. Doravari, B. Adya, A. K. Lenon, N. Isa, V. Kalogera, L. Urban, D. De, G. D. Hammond, Eric Thrane, P. Lundgren, G. Ballardin, A. Houston, C. Michel, Alena Ananyeva, R. A. Mercer, Todd Adams, O. J. Piccinni, P. J. Veitch, L. Aiello, N. Letendre, M. Gosselin, A. Gennai, Rahul Kumar, B. Lantz, Sarah Caudill, M. Rakhmanov, M. Davier, Rana X. Adhikari, A. Sheperd, T. Hart, R. Gair, F. Donovan, M. J. Yap, C. Palomba, S. Privitera, M. S. Shahriar, Christopher M. Biwer, A. Possenti, Roger Smith, F. Brooks, P. Vyatchanin, Alberto Vecchio, R. Quitzow-James, R. Day, Zhihui Du, A. Prodi, C. Buy, S. Frasca, M. Constancio, Duncan A. Brown, John Worden, M. Oliver, P. Ast, P. Couvares, Hartmut Grote, Tobias Westphal, C. Casentini, Sebastian Khan, L. Prokhorov, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, Anna-Maria A. van Veggel, M. Rizzo, V. Predoi, David E. McClelland, E. E. Cowan, T. Re, B. Klein, James Healy, B. F. Whiting, H. Fong, G. Greco, Howard Pan, Aaron Buikema, A. Mytidis, R. Kennedy, Geoffrey Lovelace, P. Brockill, S. S. Eikenberry, C. C. Wipf, C. Ferreira, E. Cesarini, A. Shaddock, C. Aulbert, Laura Cadonati, Yanxi Zhang, L. Kleybolte, R. Roma, A. Moggi, J. Ming, A. Noack, L. J. Milano, V. Heijningen, B. C. Barish, M. Tonelli, G. Losurdo, R. Metzdorff, L. Conti, R. Abernathy, Christian Beer, C. Green, D. Talukder, M. Leonardi, P. Schale, Swatantra Kumar Tiwari, M. Montani, J. Zhu, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, M. Laxen, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, David A. Williams, David Jones, A. Perreca, J. Ju, M. J. Cowart, W. De, A. Pele, T. Baker, P. Weßels, G. Stratta, S. Buchner, Jesper Munch, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, Nancy Aggarwal, Marco Cavaglia, Dániel Barta, Ben Farr, B. Mours, Benjamin William Allen, Christophe Collette, H. Cao, C. J. Perez, J. Ottaway, R. Robie, Marc Favata, Sung-Po Chao, T. Isogai, Carl Blair, Abhirup Ghosh, S. S. Forsyth, J. Vine, Karsten Danzmann, Y. Levin, Zahoor Ali Khan, Archana Pai, T. Etzel, R. M. S. Schofield, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, Chunglee Chu, B. Sassolas, F. Y. Khalili, Daniele Trifirò, Chad Hanna, D. Buskulic, P. Raffai, Achamveedu Gopakumar, S. Kandhasamy, M. Koehlenbeck, J. Oberling, A. Wei, M. C. Tringali, I. Nardecchia, C. Vo, J. Hanks, C. S. Unnikrishnan, Viswanath Bavigadda, G. Cagnoli, Hua Wang, B. Tanner, M. Punturo, P. Murray, Robert J. McCarthy, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, F. Paoletti, F. Clara, W. S. Kim, P. Ruggi, A. Allocca, Linqing Wen, N. Gehrels, Slawomir Gras, Fiodor Sorrentino, R. Gouaty, A. Usman, A. Ma, A. Giaime, R. Leong, Benjamin J. Owen, S. Fair, M. Nery, S. Mitra, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, K. Chu, M. Ma, Ryan Shannon, Z. Tornasi, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Matthew Kerr, J. Page, C. Messick, T. Ma, B. Hu, M. Tacca, A. W. Heptonstall, Vivien Raymond, Neil J. Cornish, W. Ma, M. Sampson, E. Schmidt, Martin Hendry, M. C. Díaz, Aniello Grado, K. V. Tokmakov, F. Nocera, Robert Lanza, H. Yam, C. Zhao, Michael E Zucker, Marek Szczepanczyk, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, A. Li, C. Tomlinson, J. D. Lough, Soma Mukherjee, Imre Bartos, N. Bakel, B. D. Lackey, A. K. Zadrożny, M. Isa, M. Meyers, K. Kawabe, R. Cavalier, R. Mohapatra, S. Kaufer, Michael W. Coughlin, P. Singer, I. Khan, M. Was, Antonios Kontos, F. Cleva, M. Pichot, K. Venkateswara, M. Du, S. Re, P. Zendri, E. Cuoco, B. Camp, A. Gupta, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, M. Fays, R. Abbott, M. Saleem, Peter Aufmuth, R. Sanders, S. J. Chamberlin, E. Ma, Maximiliano Isi, M. Vasúth, Z. Frei, Martin M. Fejer, R. Bork, Junwei Cao, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, D. Schuette, J. C. Diaz, Xiaohui Fan, S. Heng, A. Post, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Peter Fritschel, G. Vedovato, Terry G. McRae, S. Meshkov, Jonathan Cripe, K. G. Arun, S. Márka, I. Dave, L. E. Wade, P. Thomas, A. Singer, H. Gabbard, V. De, R. W. P. Drever, M. Fletcher, S. Ghosh, Kipp Cannon, M. Steinke, V. Sequino, S. Caride, W. Harry, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Robert Stone, M. Coward, Kevin M. Ryan, Sibilla Di Pace, P. Bacon, J.-D. Fournier, Daniel E. Holz, Graham Woan, Robert Fisher, W. W. Johnson, M. Korobko, László Á. Gergely, D. Meacher, A. Rüdiger, M. Farr, A. Frei, P. A. Altin, Robert L. Byer, B. J. J. Slagmolen, G. Valdes, A. Samajdar, C. C. Yancey, R. Palamos, D. Barker, G. Blair, Philip F. Hopkins, C. Vander-Hyde, Fausto Acernese, M. Papa, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, L. Zangrando, R. Saulson, T. Prestegard, Jacob Scheuer, B. Patricelli, Margaret Millhouse, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, A. Glaefke, B. Covas, S. Oh, M. De, Mi Zhang, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, Enrico Calloni, John Veitch, G. Traylor, H. Yu, V. Re, Giacomo Ciani, R. A. Eisenstein, M. Pinto, L. Salconi, I. Fiori, S. G. Gaonkar, A. P. Singh, Haixing Miao, V. Vo, Benjamin Stappers, G. D. Meadors, Bernard F. Schutz, B. P. Abbott, M. Mow-Lowry, G. Bogaert, Li Ju, Alberto Di Lieto, M. Harry, N. Arnaud, T. Hu, T. J. Shaffer, R. N. Singh, S. Vass, Vijay Varma, Riccardo Bassiri, L. Wright, P. Rapagnani, Archisman Ghosh, K. L. Dooley, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, R. Coyne, K. Napier, T. Tippens, M. Castro, J. McIver, C. Raja, P. J. King, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, Lisa Barsotti, C. Pan, Anirban Dasgupta, R. J. G. Jonker, Guido Mueller, B. C. Stephens, Larne Pekowsky, L. Lombardi, H. Middleton, M. Kim, V. Tiwari, P. Mitrofanov, P. Puppo, Aaron Viets, M. Perri, M. H. Wimmer, F. Fidecaro, A. Effler, P. Weltevrede, G. Venugopalan, Meng Wang, Tristan Briant, L. Sun, V. Ma, S. Appert, A. Giazotto, G. De, J. Qi, L. Danilishin, Swetha Bhagwat, R. Paris, X. Guo, K. Siellez, Evan Ochsner, S. E. Gossan, L. Merilh, H. Fehrmann, R. Goetz, K. A. Thorne, S. Koley, T. Countryman, D. Moraru, F. Mezzani, J. Fauchon-Jones, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, V. Boschi, B. Cepeda, M. Gupta, D. Pascucci, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, M. Landry, Gregory Ashton, Tarun Souradeep, Christopher P. L. Berry, A. D. Silva, M. Fries, P. Hello, Bala R. Iyer, S. McCormick, P. Spencer, G. Wang, B. O'Reilly, P. Charlton, Kejia Lee, A. Muir, Eric Oelker, M. Barsuglia, S. Qi, A. Grant, A. Staley, T. Mcwilliams, H. Vo, L. Zhang, F. Pan, A. Brown, F. Vetrano, Arunava Arun, Chandra Kant Mishra, R. Bhandare, S. Jawahar, S. Farinon, D. Re, Irene Di Palma, C. Barayoga, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, A. Paoli, M. Gaebel, C. Costa, S. J. Cooper, Matthew Evans, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, S. Davies, O. Bock, Z. Márka, M. Merzougui, B. Anderson, Haocun Yu, R. Inta, S. Klimenko, T. Girolamo, I. Belahcene, D. Tuyenbayev, X. Siemens, P. Coulon, L. Sammut, A. Rocchi, C. Cocchieri, R. Birney, M. Muniz, E. Genin, V. Loriette, S. Areeda, Francesco Salemi, David H. Shoemaker, S. Karki, T. J. Cullen, D. Verkindt, B. Edo, S. Kissel, M. Belgin, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, M. Agathos, S. D'Antonio, V. Kringel, R. Tso, Patrick M. Koch, Tomasz Bulik, W. Vo, M. Brown, François Bondu, D. Rosińska, C. Coyne, I. Dorrington, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, C. Cahillane, J. Hennig, A. Khazanov, S. Walsh, Miriam Cabero, Alessandra Buonanno, C.-J. Haster, Collin D. Capano, J. Bartlett, S. Babak, P. Leaci, A. Colla, P. Stevenson, D. Nolting, O. Puncken, P. J. Sutton, G. Thomas, J. H. Romie, R. Douglas, S. Ghonge, F. J. Raab, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, R. Gustafson, G. Wu, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, J. Zweizig, L. C. Baiardi, Sebastian Steinlechner, D. Mendoza-Gandara, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, T. Chmiel, M. Heurs, H. Re, V. Germain, Sylvia J. Zhu, K. Nuttall, Reed Essick, R. Everett, Krishna M. Srivastava, B. Sorazu, A. Kutynia, Alessandro Ridolfi, Andrea Chincarini, T. Z. Summerscales, W. Katzman, M. Neri, R. Billman, M. Yvert, Martin van Beuzekom, C. Frei, L. Trozzo, P. Ehrens, Albert Lazzarini, M. Giovanni, M. Newport, Samaya Nissanke, M. A. Bizouard, J. J. Hacker, A. Pace, Ismaël Cognard, J. Birch, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, J. G. Rollins, L.-W. Wei, P. Chen, N. A. Robertson, William Parker, Márton Tápai, S. Sun, David Jonathan Hofman, M. Bitossi, G. Bergmann, B. Nielsen, J. Henry, Liam Cunningham, B. Pan, Beverly J. Smith, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, Jonathan Blackman, M. Brinkmann, K. Toland, C. Adams, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, M. E. N. Normandin, Michelle E. Walker, G. Moreno, Y. Setyawati, A. Pasqualetti, M. M. Hanke, M. Tse, B. L. Swinkels, F. Jiménez-Forteza, Zachariah B. Etienne, Jennifer Watchi, J. Son, Yann Bouffanais, R. De, T. P. Downes, M. Pedraza, M. Chan, A. Ain, T. D. Canton, F. Cavalier, M. A. Álvarez, M. Boer, F. Cohadon, Alessandra Corsi, J. E. Lord, Maurizio Canepa, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, Angela Di Virgilio, T. London, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, APC - Cosmologie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Columbia University [New York], Dipartimento di Physica E. Firmi, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], LAboratoire de REcherche en Géodésie [Paris] (LAREG), Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information Géographique (LaSTIG), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Physics Department, Amherst U., University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente [Bucaramanga]] (GIEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), Chambre Agriculture Gard, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe d'étude des réseaux moteurs - GERM (GERMG), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Department of Geography, Swansea University, Département de Pharmacologie, sherbrooke, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hulleras del Norte, S.A., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), European gravitational Observatory (EGO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Georgia Insitute of Technology (ECE GeorgiaTech), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], CNR Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Imagerie Ultrasonore, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Bayerische Julius-Maximilians University, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), University of Glasgow, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute [UCLA], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Minnesota System, Inconnu, Informatics and Telematics Institute/Centre for Research Hellas, Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Civil and Environmental Engineering [Illinois] (CEE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Via P Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Radiation Oncology, Andrew Love Cancer Centre, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), DME (Dept. of Mech. Eng.), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), University of Huddersfield, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of of Optical Astronomy, University of Delaware [Newark], University of Bath [Bath], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Friction Stir Laboratory, Brigham Young University (BYU), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de rhéologie (LR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, parent, Laboratoire de Mesures et Modélisation de la Migration des Radionucléides (L3MR), Service d'Etudes du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement UMRT9002 (UMRESTTE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), The Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEN) (IMEN-CNR), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Istituto Matematico, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS), SensorDynamics AG, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESRL Chemical Sciences Division [Boulder] (CSD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Physics Department, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Departements of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seattle University [Seattle], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute for Plasma Research [Gandhinagar], Zurich Research Laboratory, IBM Research GmbH, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, USA, Cornell University [New York], Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), University of South Carolina [Columbia], The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé (TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Key Lab of Computer System and Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing] (ICT), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Shenzhen University, Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Macquarie University, Texas Instruments Dallas, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), AIR (AIR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM (UMR_7151)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SFA Inc/NRL (SFA INC/NRL), SFA Inc/NRL, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Australian Resources Research Centre (CSIRO), Department of Physics [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-National Astronomical Observatories of China, Photonics and photonic materials group, Departement of Physics, University of bath, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Scuola Normale Superiore, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dipartimento di Fisica and LENS, Università di Firenze-INFN, LENS, INFN, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Center for Molecular Medicine, Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente (GIEMA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bombay] (TIFR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Tsinghua University [Beijing], ESPCI ParisTech, Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Institute for Plasma Research, MN2S, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Washington University in St Louis, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Gravitational wave, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017
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9. Effects of thermal treatment on high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Enhancement assessment and kinetic analysis

Author: Xin-mei Fu, Huai-Zhi Li, Shi-feng Wang, Yuying Hu, Zhi-ping Cao, Jing Wu, Jiane Zuo, Kaijun Wang, State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hot Temperature, 020209 energy, Kinetics, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Hydrolysis, Biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Anaerobiosis, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Waste management, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Models, Theoretical, Pulp and paper industry, Manure, 6. Clean water, Refuse Disposal, Dilution, Anaerobic digestion, Digestate
Abstract: International audience; Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a process for generating biogas, can be applied to the treatment of organic wastes. Owing to its smaller footprint, lower energy consumption, and less digestate, high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) has attracted increasing attention. However, its biogas production is poor. In order to improve biogas production and decrease energy consumption, an improved thermal treatment process was proposed. Raw swine manure (>20% solid content) without any dilution was thermally treated at 70 ± 1 °C for different retention times, and then its effect on HSAD was investigated via batch AD experiments at 8.9% solid content. Results showed that the main organic components of swine manure hydrolyzed significantly during the thermal treatment, and HSAD’s methane production rate was improved by up to 39.5%. Analysis using two kinetic models confirmed that the treatment could increase biodegradable organics (especially the readily biodegradable organics) in swine manure rather than upgrading its hydrolysis rate. It is worth noting that the superimposed first-order kinetics model was firstly applied in AD, and was a good tool to reveal the AD kinetics mechanism of substrates with complex components
Published: 2017
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10. Global rainfall erosivity assessment based on high-temporal resolution rainfall records

Author: Bofu Yu, Mark A. Nearing, Victoria Naipal, Yoav Levi, Katrin Meusburger, Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira, Mohsen Zabihi, Cristiano Ballabio, Christian Birkel, N. Chattopadhyay, Andrey V. Gorobets, Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Andreas Klik, Chiyuan Miao, Panos Panagos, Jinren Ni, Carlos A. Bonilla, Martino Boni, Werner Nel, Nazzareno Diodato, Pasquale Borrelli, Kristof Van Oost, Gennady A. Larionov, Sergey F. Krasnov, Jae E. Yang, Mohamed Meddi, Zeinab Hazbavi, Hassan Al Dashti, Natalia Hoyos, Gunay Erpul, Kyoung Jae Lim, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Basel (Unibas), Griffith University [Brisbane], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Kangwon National University, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), India Meteorological Department, Partenaires INRAE, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Israel Meteorological Service, Ankara University, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Departamento de Ingenierıa Hidraulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Université Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 (UB1), University of Fort Hare, Department of Meteorology [koweit], Met European Research Observatory (MetEROBS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Wien] (BOKU), Université médicale de Vienne, Autriche, University of Costa Rica, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Saâd Dahlab [Blida] (USDB ), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., Yu, B., Klik, A., Lim, K. J., Yang, J. E., Ni, J., Miao, C., Chattopadhyay, N., Sadeghi, S. H., Hazbavi, Z., Zabihi, M., Larionov, G. A., Krasnov, S. F., Gorobets, A. V., Levi, Y., Erpul, G., Birkel, C., Hoyos, N., Naipal, V., Oliveira, P. T. S., Bonilla, C. A., Meddi, M., Nel, W., Al Dashti, H., Boni, M., Diodato, N., Van Oost, K., Nearing, M., and Ballabio, C.
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Cold climate, Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Article, 13. Climate action, Kriging, Soil retrogression and degradation, Tropical climate, East africa, Temperate climate, Environmental science, High temporal resolution, Medicine, South east asia, Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The exposure of the Earth’s surface to the energetic input of rainfall is one of the key factors controlling water erosion. While water erosion is identified as the most serious cause of soil degradation globally, global patterns of rainfall erosivity remain poorly quantified and estimates have large uncertainties. This hampers the implementation of effective soil degradation mitigation and restoration strategies. Quantifying rainfall erosivity is challenging as it requires high temporal resolution(−1 h−1 yr−1, with the highest values in South America and the Caribbean countries, Central east Africa and South east Asia. The lowest values are mainly found in Canada, the Russian Federation, Northern Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. The tropical climate zone has the highest mean rainfall erosivity followed by the temperate whereas the lowest mean was estimated in the cold climate zone.
Published: 2017
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11. Propagation of elastic solitons in chains of pre-deformed beams

Author: Qi He, Bolei Deng, Vincent Tournat, Katia Bertoldi, Yuning Zhang, Pai Wang, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University [Cambridge], College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], School of Aerospace Engineering [Tsinghua University], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology [Harvard University] (KIBST)
Subjects: Physics, Elastic beam, Numerical analysis, Dynamics (mechanics), General Physics and Astronomy, Rarefaction, nonlinear waves, 01 natural sciences, elastic beam, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Vibration, Nonlinear system, Classical mechanics, Amplitude, solitary waves, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Longitudinal wave
Abstract: We use a combination of experiments, numerical analysis and theory to investigate the nonlinear dynamic response of a chain of precompressed elastic beams. Our results show that this simple system offers a rich platform to study the propagation of large amplitude waves. Compression waves are strongly dispersive, whereas rarefaction pulses propagate in the form of solitons. Further, we find that the model describing our structure closely resembles those introduced to characterize the dynamics of several molecular chains and macromolecular crystals, suggesting that our macroscopic system can provide insights into the effect of nonlinear vibrations on molecular mechanisms.
Published: 2019
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12. Lateral transport of soil carbon and land−atmosphere CO 2 flux induced by water erosion in China

Author: Tao Wang, Alistair G.L. Borthwick, Kristof Van Oost, Tianhong Li, Yao Yue, Philippe Ciais, Mengtian Huang, Adrian Chappell, Jinren Ni, Yichu Wang, Shilong Piao, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbon sink, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), 13. Climate action, Dissolved organic carbon, Physical Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Terrestrial ecosystem, Soil conservation, Surface runoff, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Soil erosion by water impacts soil organic carbon stocks and alters CO2 fluxes exchanged with the atmosphere. The role of erosion as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 remains highly debated, and little information is available at scales larger than small catchments or regions. This study attempts to quantify the lateral transport of soil carbon and consequent land-atmosphere CO2 fluxes at the scale of China, where severe erosion has occurred for several decades. Based on the distribution of soil erosion rates derived from detailed national surveys and soil carbon inventories, here we show that water erosion in China displaced 180 ± 80 Mt C⋅y(-1) of soil organic carbon during the last two decades, and this resulted a net land sink for atmospheric CO2 of 45 ± 25 Mt C⋅y(-1), equivalent to 8-37% of the terrestrial carbon sink previously assessed in China. Interestingly, the "hotspots," largely distributed in mountainous regions in the most intensive sink areas (40 g C⋅m(-2)⋅y(-1)), occupy only 1.5% of the total area suffering water erosion, but contribute 19.3% to the national erosion-induced CO2 sink. The erosion-induced CO2 sink underwent a remarkable reduction of about 16% from the middle 1990s to the early 2010s, due to diminishing erosion after the implementation of large-scale soil conservation programs. These findings demonstrate the necessity of including erosion-induced CO2 in the terrestrial budget, hence reducing the level of uncertainty.
Published: 2016
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13. Combined effects of seawater acidification and high temperature on hemocyte parameters in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus

Author: Yanming Sui, Weiqun Lu, Lisha Li, Fangli Wu, Hui Kong, Youji Wang, Yueyong Shang, Menghong Hu, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], and Peking University [Beijing]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hemocytes, Hot Temperature, Phagocytosis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Esterase, Stress, Physiological, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Food science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mytilus, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, Mussel, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Flow Cytometry, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, chemistry, Mytilus coruscus
Abstract: In this work, flow cytometry was used to examine the immune responses of hemocytes in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to six combinations of pH (7.3, 7.7, and 8.1) and temperature (25 °C and 30 °C) for 14 days. Temperature showed significant effects on all immune parameters throughout the experiment. Generally, the total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis (Pha), esterase (Est), and lysosomal content (Lyso) significantly decreased at high temperature. By contrast, the hemocyte mortality (Hm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased at high temperature. Moreover, pH significantly influenced all the immune parameters, but its effects are not as strong as those of temperature; only Hm, Est, and THC were negatively affected by pH throughout the experiment. After 7 days, low pH resulted in decreased Lyso and increased Hm and ROS levels. Significant interactions between temperature and pH in most measured parameters from 7 days suggested that long-term combined stress, i.e., low pH and high temperature, would cause more severe effects on mussel health than an individual stressor in the field.
Published: 2016
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14. Multi-model evaluation of short-lived pollutant distributions over East Asia during summer 2008

Author: B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, K. S. Law, N. Daskalakis, G. Ancellet, C. Clerbaux, S.-W. Kim, M. T. Lund, G. Myhre, D. J. L. Olivié, S. Safieddine, R. B. Skeie, J. L. Thomas, S. Tsyro, A. Bazureau, N. Bellouin, M. Hu, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, S. Myriokefalitakis, J. Quaas, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, R. Cherian, A. Shimizu, J. Wang, S.-C. Yoon, T. Zhu, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences - Hellas [Crete] (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, Tropospheric ozone, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Monsoon of South Asia, Radiative forcing, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Deposition (aerosol physics), lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The ability of seven state-of-the-art chemistry–aerosol models to reproduce distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols over eastern Asia in summer 2008, is evaluated. The study focuses on the performance of models used to assess impacts of pollutants on climate and air quality as part of the EU ECLIPSE project. Models, run using the same ECLIPSE emissions, are compared over different spatial scales to in situ surface, vertical profiles and satellite data. Several rather clear biases are found between model results and observations, including overestimation of ozone at rural locations downwind of the main emission regions in China, as well as downwind over the Pacific. Several models produce too much ozone over polluted regions, which is then transported downwind. Analysis points to different factors related to the ability of models to simulate VOC-limited regimes over polluted regions and NOx limited regimes downwind. This may also be linked to biases compared to satellite NO2, indicating overestimation of NO2 over and to the north of the northern China Plain emission region. On the other hand, model NO2 is too low to the south and west of this region and over South Korea/Japan. Overestimation of ozone is linked to systematic underestimation of CO particularly at rural sites and downwind of the main Chinese emission regions. This is likely to be due to enhanced destruction of CO by OH. Overestimation of Asian ozone and its transport downwind implies that radiative forcing from this source may be overestimated. Model-observation discrepancies over Beijing do not appear to be due to emission controls linked to the Olympic Games in summer 2008.With regard to aerosols, most models reproduce the satellite-derived AOD patterns over eastern China. Our study nevertheless reveals an overestimation of ECLIPSE model mean surface BC and sulphate aerosols in urban China in summer 2008. The effect of the short-term emission mitigation in Beijing is too weak to explain the differences between the models. Our results rather point to an overestimation of SO2 emissions, in particular, close to the surface in Chinese urban areas. However, we also identify a clear underestimation of aerosol concentrations over northern India, suggesting that the rapid recent growth of emissions in India, as well as their spatial extension, is underestimated in emission inventories. Model deficiencies in the representation of pollution accumulation due to the Indian monsoon may also be playing a role. Comparison with vertical aerosol lidar measurements highlights a general underestimation of scattering aerosols in the boundary layer associated with overestimation in the free troposphere pointing to modelled aerosol lifetimes that are too long. This is likely linked to too strong vertical transport and/or insufficient deposition efficiency during transport or export from the boundary layer, rather than chemical processing (in the case of sulphate aerosols). Underestimation of sulphate in the boundary layer implies potentially large errors in simulated aerosol–cloud interactions, via impacts on boundary-layer clouds.This evaluation has important implications for accurate assessment of air pollutants on regional air quality and global climate based on global model calculations. Ideally, models should be run at higher resolution over source regions to better simulate urban–rural pollutant gradients and/or chemical regimes, and also to better resolve pollutant processing and loss by wet deposition as well as vertical transport. Discrepancies in vertical distributions require further quantification and improvement since these are a key factor in the determination of radiative forcing from short-lived pollutants.
Published: 2016
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15. Effects of short-term hypoxia and seawater acidification on hemocyte responses of the mussel Mytilus coruscus

Author: Youji Wang, Xizhi Huang, Weiqun Lu, Hui Kong, Yueyong Shang, Fangli Wu, Daohui Lin, Yanming Sui, Menghong Hu, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hemocytes, Phagocytosis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Esterase, Aquaculture, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Hypoxia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mytilus, Reactive oxygen species, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Hypoxia (environmental), Mussel, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Mytilus coruscus, business
Abstract: Hypoxia often intensifies with rising dissolved CO2, but the concurrent effects of hypoxia and acidification on bivalves are largely unknown. In this study, immune responses of hemocytes in the mussel Mytilus coruscus were examined under six combinations of pH (7.3, 7.7 and 8.1) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (2 mg L− 1, 6 mg L− 1) for 72 h. Generally, total hemocyte account, phagocytosis, esterase and lysosomal content were reduced under low DO and pH conditions, whereas hemocyte mortality and reactive oxygen species production increased under low DO and pH. Both hypoxia and low pH have negative effects on mussels, but the effects of pH are not as strong as DO. Moreover, significant interactions between DO and pH occurred. However, acidification generally doesn't aggravate the effects induced by hypoxia. Acidification and hypoxia may increase disease risk and impact the aquaculture of this species.
Published: 2016
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16. Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants

Author: A. Stohl, B. Aamaas, M. Amann, L. H. Baker, N. Bellouin, T. K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, R. Cherian, W. Collins, N. Daskalakis, M. Dusinska, S. Eckhardt, J. S. Fuglestvedt, M. Harju, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, J. Hao, U. Im, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Maas, C. R. MacIntosh, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, D. Olivié, J. Quaas, B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, B. H. Samset, M. Schulz, Ø. Seland, K. P. Shine, R. B. Skeie, S. Wang, K. E. Yttri, T. Zhu, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], TROPO - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], and Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, 12. Responsible consumption, lcsh:Chemistry, Zeppelinobservatoriet, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 11. Sustainability, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the work done within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants). ECLIPSE had a unique systematic concept for designing a realistic and effective mitigation scenario for short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs; methane, aerosols and ozone, and their precursor species) and quantifying its climate and air quality impacts, and this paper presents the results in the context of this overarching strategy. The first step in ECLIPSE was to create a new emission inventory based on current legislation (CLE) for the recent past and until 2050. Substantial progress compared to previous work was made by including previously unaccounted types of sources such as flaring of gas associated with oil production, and wick lamps. These emission data were used for present-day reference simulations with four advanced Earth system models (ESMs) and six chemistry transport models (CTMs). The model simulations were compared with a variety of ground-based and satellite observational data sets from Asia, Europe and the Arctic. It was found that the models still underestimate the measured seasonality of aerosols in the Arctic but to a lesser extent than in previous studies. Problems likely related to the emissions were identified for northern Russia and India, in particular. To estimate the climate impacts of SLCPs, ECLIPSE followed two paths of research: the first path calculated radiative forcing (RF) values for a large matrix of SLCP species emissions, for different seasons and regions independently. Based on these RF calculations, the Global Temperature change Potential metric for a time horizon of 20 years (GTP20) was calculated for each SLCP emission type. This climate metric was then used in an integrated assessment model to identify all emission mitigation measures with a beneficial air quality and short-term (20-year) climate impact. These measures together defined a SLCP mitigation (MIT) scenario. Compared to CLE, the MIT scenario would reduce global methane (CH4) and black carbon (BC) emissions by about 50 and 80 %, respectively. For CH4, measures on shale gas production, waste management and coal mines were most important. For non-CH4 SLCPs, elimination of high-emitting vehicles and wick lamps, as well as reducing emissions from gas flaring, coal and biomass stoves, agricultural waste, solvents and diesel engines were most important. These measures lead to large reductions in calculated surface concentrations of ozone and particulate matter. We estimate that in the EU, the loss of statistical life expectancy due to air pollution was 7.5 months in 2010, which will be reduced to 5.2 months by 2030 in the CLE scenario. The MIT scenario would reduce this value by another 0.9 to 4.3 months. Substantially larger reductions due to the mitigation are found for China (1.8 months) and India (11–12 months). The climate metrics cannot fully quantify the climate response. Therefore, a second research path was taken. Transient climate ensemble simulations with the four ESMs were run for the CLE and MIT scenarios, to determine the climate impacts of the mitigation. In these simulations, the CLE scenario resulted in a surface temperature increase of 0.70 ± 0.14 K between the years 2006 and 2050. For the decade 2041–2050, the warming was reduced by 0.22 ± 0.07 K in the MIT scenario, and this result was in almost exact agreement with the response calculated based on the emission metrics (reduced warming of 0.22 ± 0.09 K). The metrics calculations suggest that non-CH4 SLCPs contribute ~ 22 % to this response and CH4 78 %. This could not be fully confirmed by the transient simulations, which attributed about 90 % of the temperature response to CH4 reductions. Attribution of the observed temperature response to non-CH4 SLCP emission reductions and BC specifically is hampered in the transient simulations by small forcing and co-emitted species of the emission basket chosen. Nevertheless, an important conclusion is that our mitigation basket as a whole would lead to clear benefits for both air quality and climate. The climate response from BC reductions in our study is smaller than reported previously, possibly because our study is one of the first to use fully coupled climate models, where unforced variability and sea ice responses cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may counteract (and, thus, mask) the impacts of small emission reductions. The temperature responses to the mitigation were generally stronger over the continents than over the oceans, and with a warming reduction of 0.44 K (0.39–0.49) K the largest over the Arctic. Our calculations suggest particularly beneficial climate responses in southern Europe, where surface warming was reduced by about 0.3 K and precipitation rates were increased by about 15 (6–21) mm yr−1 (more than 4 % of total precipitation) from spring to autumn. Thus, the mitigation could help to alleviate expected future drought and water shortages in the Mediterranean area. We also report other important results of the ECLIPSE project.
Published: 2015
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17. Evaluation of multi-model short-lived climate forcer distributions over East Asia using in-situ remote-sensing, and satellite observations during summer 2008, Global monitoring of HCOOH and CH3OH by IASI

Author: Quennehen, Boris, Raut, Jean-Christophe, Law, Kathy S., Ancellet, Gérard, Bazureau, Ariane, Thomas, Jennie L., Daskalakis, Nikolaos, Myriokefalitakis, Stelios, Klimont, Z., Safieddine, Sarah, George, Maya, Clerbaux, Cathy, Kim, S.W., Yoon, Soon-Chang, Hu, M., Hwang, J., Zhu, T., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

18. A journey of a thousand miles begins with one small step – human agency, hydrological processes and time in socio-hydrology

Author: John Murphy, Maurits W. Ertsen, Louise Purdue, T. Zhu, PEL - Performance Engineering Laboratory, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], and Peking University [Beijing]
Subjects: Engineering, Operations research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, processes, with, 0207 environmental engineering, Face (sociological concept), Context (language use), miles, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, human, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, socio-hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, step, lcsh:Environmental sciences, time, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, journey, begins, lcsh:T, business.industry, Scale (chemistry), lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental ethics, hydrological, small, Dilemma, lcsh:G, Action (philosophy), Work (electrical), Socio-hydrology, agency, thousand, business, Social structure
Abstract: When simulating social action in modeling efforts, as in socio-hydrology, an issue of obvious importance is how to ensure that social action by human agents is well-represented in the analysis and the model. Generally, human decision-making is either modeled on a yearly basis or lumped together as collective social structures. Both responses are problematic, as human decision making is more complex and organizations are the result of human agency and cannot be used as explanatory forces. A way out of the dilemma how to include human agency is to go to the largest societal and environmental clustering possible: society itself and climate, with time steps of years or decades. In the paper, the other way out is developed: to face human agency squarely, and direct the modeling approach to the human agency of individuals and couple this with the lowest appropriate hydrological level and time step. This approach is supported theoretically by the work of Bruno Latour, the French sociologist and philosopher. We discuss irrigation archaeology, as it is in this discipline that the issues of scale and explanatory force are well discussed. The issue is not just what scale to use: it is what scale matters. We argue that understanding the arrangements that permitted the management of irrigation over centuries, requires modeling and understanding the small-scale, day-to-day operations and personal interactions upon which they were built. This effort, however, must be informed by the longer-term dynamics as these provide the context within which human agency, is acted out.
Published: 2014
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19. Scenarios and Information for Policymakers

Author: Harris, Neil R.P., Wuebbles, Donald J., Daniel, John S., Hu, Jianxin, Kuijpers, Lambert J.M., Law, Kathy S., Prather, Michael J., Schofield, Robyn, Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], Technical University Eindhoven, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-Australian Research Council [Canberra] (ARC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; A new baseline scenario for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) is presented in Chapter 5 that reflects our current understanding of atmospheric mixing ratios, production levels, and back sizes. Elimination of future emissions, from either production or existing banks of various ODSs, is applied to this scenario to evaluate the maximum impacts of various hypothetical policy options including phase-outs and destruction
Published: 2014

20. Evaluation of multi-model aerosol distributions over East Asia using in-situ and satellite observations during summer 2008

Author: Boris Quennehen, Jean-Christophe Raut, Law, Kathy S., Gérard Ancellet, Ariane Bazureau, Thomas, Jennie L., Nikolaos Daskalakis, Kim, S., Tong Zhu, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric composition and structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Aerosols and particles, Pollution: urban and regional, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: As part of the EU ECLIPSE (Evaluating the CLimate and air quality ImPacts of Short-livEd pollutants) project, which aims to quantify the climate impact of short lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including aerosols, black carbon and ozone, the WRF-Chem regional and six global (ECHAM6, EMEP, HadGEM, OsloCTM, NORESM, TM4) models are evaluated using observations in East-Asia. Simulations are compared at horizontal and vertical scales to satellite observations, as well as data from field campaigns which took place in summer 2008, and from long-term measurement stations. Models were run with the same emissions, namely, the ECLIPSE anthropogenic (based on the GAINS model), GFED 3.1 fire and RCP 6.0 ship and aircraft emissions for 2008. The initial and boundary conditions for the WRF-Chem regional model were specified from the TM4 global chemical transport model. Firstly, this study evaluates the ability of the models to simulate aerosol physical, optical and chemical properties at a large scale, both horizontally and vertically, using monthly mean satellite observations such as CALIPSO, MODIS and IASI. Secondly, model daily and hourly results are evaluated at more regional/local scales using ground-based data and measurements from summer 2008 intensive campaigns, including aircraft data (CAPMEX and CAREBEIJING). In this study, we assess aerosol total concentrations and size distributions simulated by the model. The radiative impact of anthropogenic aerosol layers has already been investigated but less is known about the influence of vertical layering in the atmosphere. Pollution layers have different radiative impacts whether they are below or above clouds and in that sense, a better understanding of their spatial and vertical extent is critical. Information about pollution layers and cloud optical properties and locations over East-Asia are determined using observations from IASI for trace gases and CALIPSO for aerosols. The radiative impact of the aerosol layers is simulated and compared to the observations. The impact of differences in the evaluated parameters on the radiative calculations will be estimated.
Published: 2013

21. Evaluation of modeled vertical aerosol distributions over east-Asia using in-situ and satellite data during summer 2008

Author: Quennehen, Boris, Raut, Jean-Christophe, Law, Kathy S., Thomas, Jennie L., Ancellet, Gérard, Bazureau, Ariane, Daskalakis, Nikolaos, Kim, Sang-Woo, Yoon, Soon-Chang, Zhu, Tong, Pelon, Jacques, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], Cardon, Catherine, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: As part of the EU ECLIPSE project, which aims to quantify the climate impact of short lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including aerosols, black carbon and ozone, regional models are being used to evaluate global model performance for specific case studies. Here, we present results using regional WRF-Chem simulations over east-Asia. Results are compared to data from field campaigns which took place in summer 2008 and from long-term measurement stations. This study will, in a first step, evaluate the ability of the model to simulate aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties, with a focus on pollution layers. In a second step, the radiative impact of such layers over east-Asia will be investigated as a function of their position relative to clouds. The WRF-Chem regional model was run using MOZART gas phase chemistry and the MOSAIC aerosol scheme and was evaluated against available measurements for the period August to September 2008. The model was run using ECLIPSE anthropogenic and GFEDv3.1 fire emissions for 2008, while initial and boundary conditions were specified from the TM4 global chemical transport model. The radiative impact of pollution aerosol layers has already been investigated but less is known about the influence of vertical layering in the atmosphere. Such layers might have different radiative impacts whether they are below or above clouds and in that sense, a better understanding of their spatial extent is critical. Information about pollution aerosol layers and clouds optical properties and positions over East-Asia are determined using observations from CALIPSO. The radiative impact of these layers is simulated and compared to the observations. In addition to satellite observations, model results are evaluated against trace gas and aerosol data from aircraft campaigns over eastern Asia in summer 2008 (e.g., CAREBEIJING and CAPMEX) and ground-based measurements (e.g., NIES and ABC). In this study, we assess aerosol total concentrations and size distributions simulated by the model. Aerosol aging is also evaluated with the ratio between elementary and organic carbon (EC:OC), while origins of plumes with enhanced aerosol and pollutants such as CO are investigated with Lagrangian back-trajectories.
Published: 2013

22. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China

Author: Ying Liu, Min Shao, Jia Lin Wang, Gao Chen, Chih-Chung Chang, Sihua Lu, EGU, Publication, State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing]-Peking University [Beijing], Research Center for Environmental Changes [Taipei], Academia Sinica, Department of Chemistry, and NASA Headquarters
Subjects: Pollution, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, education.field_of_study, Pearl river delta, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, lcsh:QC1-999, Preliminary analysis, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Volatile organic compound, education, China, lcsh:Physics, Air mass, Loss rate, media_common
Abstract: We measured levels of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at seven sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China during the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign spanning 4 October to 3 November 2004. Two of the sites, Guangzhou (GZ) and Xinken (XK), were intensive sites at which we collected multiple daily canister samples. The observations reported here provide a look at the VOC distribution, speciation, and photochemical implications in the PRD region. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in mixing ratios of the quantified VOCs at six sites; the exception was one major industrial site that was domi- nated by aromatics (about 52%). Highly elevated VOC lev- els occurred at GZ during two pollution episodes; however, the chemical composition of VOCs did not exhibit notice- able changes during these episodes. We calculated the OH loss rate to estimate the chemical reactivity of all VOCs. Of the anthropogenic VOCs, alkenes played a predominant role in VOC reactivity at GZ, whereas the contributions of reac- tive aromatics were more important at XK. Our preliminary analysis of the VOC correlations suggests that the ambient VOCs at GZ came directly from local sources (i.e., automo- biles); those at XK were influenced by both local emissions and transportation of air mass from upwind areas. and a population of about 45.5 million. It has been the most economically dynamic region of mainland China over the last two decades, with a per capita GDP of US$ 6583 in 2004. The average annual rate of GDP growth in the PRD from 2000 to 2004 was 13.6%, which is well above the na- tional GDP growth rate (8.6%) (China Yearbook of Statistics, 2004). Guangzhou (GZ), the capital of Guangdong Province, had the highest GDP value (US $ 496 billion) in the PRD re- gion in 2004. Dongguan (DG) is the city with the fastest growth rate GDP (18.7% per year from 2002-2006); it is a major manufacturing base for a wide range of products, including electronics, communication, paper, garments and textiles, food, shoes, and plastic.
Published: 2008

23. Spatiotemporal variations of ambient PM10 source contributions in Beijing in 2004 using positive matrix factorization

Author: Xie, S. D., Liu, Z., Chen, T., Hua, L., EGU, Publication, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (MEMC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], and Peking University [Beijing]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; Source contributions to ambient PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 ?m or less) in Beijing, China were determined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on ambient PM10 composition data including concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions and metal elements, which were simultaneously obtained at six sites through January, April, July and October in 2004. Results from PMF indicated that seven major sources of ambient PM10 were urban fugitive dust, crustal soil, coal combustion, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, biomass burning with municipal incineration, and vehicle emission, respectively. In paticular, urban fugitive dust and crustal soil as two types of dust sources with similar chemical characteristics were differentiated by PMF. Urban fugitive dust contributed the most, accounting for 34.4% of total PM10 mass on an annual basis, with relatively high contributions in all four months, and even covered 50% in April. It also showed higher contributions in southwestern and southeastern areas than in central urban areas. Coal combustion was found to be the primary contributor in January, showing higher contributions in urban areas than in suburban areas with seasonal variation peaking in winter, which accounted for 15.5% of the annual average PM10 concentration. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate combined as the largest contributor to PM10 in July and October, with strong seasonal variation peaking in summer, accounting for 38.8% and 31.5% of the total PM10 mass in July and October, respectively. Biomass burning with municipal incineration contributions were found in all four months and accounted for 9.8% of the annual average PM10 mass concentration, with obviously higher contribution in October than in other months. Incineration sources were probably located in southwestern Beijing. Contribution from vehicle emission accounted for 5.0% and exhibited no significant seasonal variation. In sum, PM10 source contributions in Beijing showed not only significant seasonal variations but also spatial differences.
Published: 2008

24. An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts

Author: Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H. J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig, D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Hans-Werner Jacobi, Klán, P., Lefer, B., Mcconnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., Sodeau, J. R., Glasow, R., Weller, R., Wolff, E. W., Zhu, T., Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Land, Air {&} Water Resources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Air Quality Research Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Engineering, University of California [Merced], University of California-University of California, School of Chemistry [Leeds], University of Leeds, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Michigan] (CEE), Michigan Technological University (MTU), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Masaryk University, Department of Geosciences [Houston], University of Houston, Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), York University [Toronto], Atmospheric Chemistry Department [MPIC], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Chemistry [West Lafayette], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], Air & Water Resources, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QD1-999, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, Caltech Library Services, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future.

25. Impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the remobilization behaviors of microplastics in natural soils.

Author: Hsieh L, Rong H, He L, Guo J, Li M, and Tong M
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Plastics, Soil Pollutants analysis, Soil chemistry, Microplastics, Freezing
Abstract: Freeze-thaw (FT) cycle would greatly influence the fate of plastic particles (one of emerging contaminants with great concerns) in soils, yet its impacts and mechanisms remain unclear. The vertical migration/release behaviors of plastic particles (with diameters of 0.2 μm and 1 μm) in two natural soils and one model soil (i.e. quartz sand) without/with FT treatments (1 and 3 cycles) were examined. Owing to the presence of Fe/Al oxide minerals, finer pore structure, and uneven surfaces of natural soils, the breakthrough ratio of plastics in two natural soils was over 25% lower than in quartz sand. However, regardless of porous media type, FT processes (increasing cycles) significantly promoted the remobilization of plastics initially retained in three media during the subsequent water flushing processes. Via theoretical calculation, tracer experiments, and visible chamber experiments, the mechanisms driving plastics release from natural soils subjected to FT treatments during the water elution processes were determined to be different from those from pure quartz sand. The change of sand local configuration (the rearrangement of local sand pore spaces) during FT process mainly drove to plastics released from quartz sand columns. While the alteration in local soil configuration, the formation of preferential pathways, and increased release of soil particles contributed to plastics remobilization from soil columns subjected to FT. Clearly, FT processes significantly increased the vertical migration of plastics in soils potentially to groundwater, enhancing environmental risks of plastics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. Spatiotemporal profiles and underlying mechanisms of the antibiotic resistome in two water-diversion lakes.

Author: Chen J, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Qian Q, Chen C, and Xie S
Subjects: China, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Genes, Bacterial, Seasons, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Lakes microbiology
Abstract: Human-induced interventions have altered the local characteristics of the lake ecosystems through changes in hydraulic exchange, which in turn impacts the ecological processes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the lakes. However, the current understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of ARGs in water-diversion lakes is still seriously insufficient. In the present study, we investigated antibiotic resistome in the main regulation and storage hubs, namely Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, of the eastern part of the South-to-North Water Diversion project in Shandong Province (China) using a metagenomic-based approach. A total of 653 ARG subtypes belonging to 25 ARG types were detected with a total abundance of 0.125-0.390 copies/cell, with the dominance of bacitracin, multidrug, and macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin resistance genes. The ARG compositions were sensitive to seasonal variation and also interfered by artificial regulation structures along the way. Human pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, along with the multidrug resistance genes they carried, were the focus of risk control in the two studied lakes, especially in summer. Plasmids were the key mobile genetic elements (MGEs) driving the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs, especially multidrug and sulfonamide resistance genes. The null model revealed that stochastic process was the main driver of ecological drift for ARGs in the lakes. The partial least squares structural equation model further determined that seasonal changes of pH and temperature drove a shift in the bacterial community, which in turn shaped the profile of ARGs by altering the composition of MGEs, antibacterial biocide- and metal-resistance genes (BMGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs). Our results highlighted the importance of seasonal factors in determining the water transfer period. These findings can aid in a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal variations of ARGs in lakes and their driving factors, offering a scientific basis for antibiotic resistance management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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27. Climate change driven land use evolution and soil heavy metal release effects in lakes on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Author: Fu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jiang X, Guo H, Wang S, and Li Z
Abstract: In recent decades, global warming has intensified hydrological cycles, raising concerns about the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, water quality, and water resources across various temporal and spatial scales. These changes significantly affect water resource management and environmental protection policies and may also influence the ecological health and socio-economic well-being of lake regions. Qinghai Lake, the largest inland lake and a major water source reservoir in China, plays a crucial role in the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, in recent years, with the ongoing development of the economy and society throughout the province, there has been an increase in algal blooms in the nearshore area of Qinghai Lake, with the affected area expanding annually. There is currently no clear consensus on the causes of eutrophication in lakes, and comprehensive, in-depth research on how different land use types-critical to the material migration and transformation processes of natural water bodies-affects water quality and ecological security, as well as the interactions between nutrients and heavy metals, is lacking. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and understand the effects of climate change on lakes and to develop adaptive strategies to mitigate and respond to these impacts amidst rapid economic and social development. The lake environmental pollution early warning system developed in this study provides a scientific research paradigm for lake water pollution control and offers valuable data support for policymakers in formulating ecological protection and development strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. Specifying the Associations between PM 2.5 Constituents and Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidence: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study in Beijing, China.

Author: Yang L, Kang N, Wang N, Zhang X, Liu S, Li H, Cao L, Xue T, Li Z, Ji J, and Zhu T
Subjects: Humans, Beijing epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Incidence, Air Pollutants, Male, Environmental Exposure, Female, Middle Aged, China epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms epidemiology, Particulate Matter
Abstract: This study aimed to test the association between PM 2.5 and the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, and further to detect the primary constituents on this association. A sum of 142,982 participants without GI cancer at baseline were derived from the National Urban Cancer Screening Program in Beijing (2013-2019). The 5 year averaged concentrations of PM 2.5 mass and its five constituents, namely, black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH 4 + ), organic matter (OM), and inorganic sulfate (SO 3 - mass and its constituents with the incidence of GI cancer. The double-exposure linear model, the mixture exposure model of quantile-based g-computation, and an explainable machine learning model were utilized to evaluate the importance of different PM 4 2- mass and its constituents was linearly associated with GI cancer; the estimated hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of per standard deviation increment were 1.367 (95% CI: 1.257 to 1.487) for PM 2.5 mass and its constituents with the incidence of GI cancer. The double-exposure linear model, the mixture exposure model of quantile-based g-computation, and an explainable machine learning model were utilized to evaluate the importance of different PM 2.5 constituents. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , 1.410 (95% CI: 1.287 to 1.546) for OM, and 1.410 (95% CI: 1.288 to 1.542) for SO 2.5 mass, 1.434 (95% CI: 1.307 to 1.574) for BC, 1.255 (95% CI: 1.169 to 1.349) for NH 4 and BC were the most important constituents. Results indicated that long-term exposure to PM + was associated with a high incidence of GI cancer, and BC and SO 3 - , 1.410 (95% CI: 1.287 to 1.546) for OM, and 1.410 (95% CI: 1.288 to 1.542) for SO 4 2- . By using multiple methods, results indicated that SO 4 2- and BC were the most important constituents. Results indicated that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with a high incidence of GI cancer, and BC and SO 4 2- were robustly identified as the primary constituents.
Published: 2024
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29. The Mobility of Mo during Microbially Mediated Ferrihydrite Phase Transformation.

Author: Zhang J, Zhu M, Lloyd JR, Shaw S, Coker VS, Xie J, Wen K, Lee S, Goût TL, Hao J, Ma L, Hu Y, and Pan B
Subjects: Adsorption, Oxidation-Reduction, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Geobacter metabolism, Molybdenum chemistry
Abstract: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential nutrient for almost all organisms. However, at high concentrations, it can be toxic to animals and plants. This study investigated the interactions of Mo(VI) with iron oxyhydroxides during ferrihydrite bioreduction in the presence of Fe(III)-reducing Geobacter sulfurreducens . Here, we showed that Mo concentration controlled ferrihydrite phase transformation, leading to Mo release. With the biotic reduction of ferrihydrite and Fe(II) production, Mo(VI) reduction and Mo(IV)O 2 formation were observed for the first time, which further immobilized Mo after surface adsorption of Mo(VI). At low Mo levels (Mo/Fe molar ratios of 1-2%), sufficient Fe(II) adsorption onto ferrihydrite resulted in its transformation into magnetite nanoparticles (>80%, ∼25 nm), which catalyzed the reduction of Mo(VI) to form Mo(IV)O 2 and immobilized Mo. Contrastingly, at high Mo concentrations (Mo/Fe molar ratios of 5-10%), Mo(VI)O 4 adsorption onto ferrihydrite limited Fe(II) adsorption; subsequently, less magnetite (<8-12%) formed while more goethite (∼30-50%, width and length >15 and 100 nm, respectively) and siderite (∼20-30%, width and length >100 and 200 nm, respectively) with larger particle sizes formed instead, causing Mo(VI) release due to lower Mo adsorption. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanisms among 2- , Mo(VI), and iron oxyhydroxides, enabling predictions and controls of long-term Mo mobility and Fe mineral transformation under a variety of biogeochemical scenarios.Geobacter sulfurreducens , Mo(VI), and iron oxyhydroxides, enabling predictions and controls of long-term Mo mobility and Fe mineral transformation under a variety of biogeochemical scenarios.
Published: 2024
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30. Photoelectron-Promoted Sulfate Reduction for Heavy Metal Removal without Organic Carbon Addition.

Author: Zhong C, Ren Y, Guo YY, Lu A, and Liu J
Subjects: Carbon chemistry, Metals, Heavy, Sulfates chemistry
Abstract: Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) show promise for heavy metal removal from contaminated environments, but their scalability is limited by reliance on organic carbon, sludge formation, and CO 2 emissions. This study investigates using photoelectrons from biogenic (Bio-ZnS) and abiogenic (Abio-ZnS) sphalerite nanoparticles to enhance the activity of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 (G20) for sulfate reduction and lead removal without organic substrates. Both Abio-ZnS and Bio-ZnS NPs promote sulfate reduction and energy production in G20 cells under illumination without the addition of organic substrates, with Bio-ZnS achieving 1.6 times greater sulfate reduction and 3.1 times higher ATP production compared to Abio-ZnS. This superior performance of Bio-ZnS NPs is due to their wider band gap, higher photoconversion efficiency, lower charge-transfer resistance, and closer proximity to cells, which enable more efficient photoelectron uptake, enhanced intracellular electron transfer, and reduced energy consumption for motion and filamentation. The uptake of photoelectrons also promotes G20s resistance to high Pb 2+ concentrations through enhanced PbS precipitation, biofilm formation, enzymatic detoxification, and Pb 2+ efflux, thus improving long-term and cyclic lead removal by G20 under substrate-depleted conditions. This approach harnesses solar energy, reduces reliance on organic substrates, and lowers costs and CO 2 emissions, offering a sustainable solution for utilizing SRMs in bioremediation.
Published: 2024
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31. Improved PM 2.5 prediction with spatio-temporal feature extraction and chemical components: The RCG-attention model.

Author: Li A, Wang Y, Qi Q, Li Y, Jia H, Zhou X, Guo H, Xie S, Liu J, and Mu Y
Abstract: Deep learning models are widely used for PM 2.5 prediction. However, neglecting temporal and spatial characteristics leads to low prediction accuracy. In this work, a new deep learning model (RCG - Attention model) was developed, which combines the residual neural network (ResNet) and the convolution gated recurrent network (ConvGRU) and is applied to extract the spatio - temporal features for predicting PM 2.5 concentration over the subsequent 24 h. The ResNet extracts the spatial distribution features of pollutants, and the ConvGRU extracts temporal features. The spatial and temporal features are fused by the multi - head attention mechanism to obtain multi - dimensional features. These features are finally fed into a series of fully connected layers to predict the future results. Incorporating these chemical components enhances the scientific validity of the dataset and strengthens the inherent logical connections among variables. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R - squared (R 2 ) results indicate that the prediction performance of the RCG - Attention model surpasses that of other baseline models. The model demonstrates superior prediction performance across multiple monitoring stations, suggesting robust generalization capabilities and adaptability for various regions in one city. The SHAP results show that PM 10 , NO 2 , RH, NO 3 , OC and NH - , OC and NH 4+ concentration prediction by integrating spatial and temporal feature extraction with chemical components.2.5 concentration prediction by integrating spatial and temporal feature extraction with chemical components., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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32. Molecular characterization of oxidized organic nitrogen in the polluted urban atmosphere of Beijing.

Author: Liu L, Sun J, Shen X, Cheng X, Chen Q, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Wen W, and Ma X
Abstract: Oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) serves as a crucial link between volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, the comprehension of the molecular composition, formation mechanism, and implications of OON remains limited, particularly in urban environments influenced heavily by anthropogenic emissions. This study presents the field measurements of OON conducted at an urban site in Beijing using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate as the reagent ion. The molecular characteristics, dominant species, and oxidation states of OON were investigated. Positive matrix factorization analysis disentangled the diverse OON into factors characterized by unique fingerprint features and formation pathways. A modified workflow was used to classify the majority of OON as terpene (3.0 %), isoprene (15.2 %), aliphatic (38.1 %, containing dinitrate), and aromatic (36.0 %, containing aromatic ring retaining) OON. This highlights the significant impact of anthropogenic sources and underscores the need for stringent controls on anthropogenic VOC emissions to mitigate OON formation. Volatility estimates further indicate that aromatic and aliphatic OON, with relatively low volatility, are expected to be the primary contributors to SOA formation by condensation or gas-particle partitioning in urban Beijing. In addition, hazy weather conditions may facilitate multi-generation reactions, leading to the production of large amounts of semi-volatile dinitrate OON and promoting its conversion to SOA., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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33. A Comparative Analysis on Indoor and Outdoor PM 2.5 and Their Hourly Associations with Acute Respiratory Inflammation Among College Students in Lhasa.

Author: Qiao R, Chen W, Shi Y, Chai Q, Fan Y, Hua Q, Li A, Li H, Li J, Meng X, Sheng M, Xu R, Xu Y, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Danzengdunzhu, Zhuoga, Zhu T, Gong J, and Liu Y
Abstract: Ambient concentrations are commonly used as proxies for personal PM 2.5 exposure in epidemiological studies, despite indoor settings being the places where people spend most of their time. In a panel study of 110 nonsmoking, healthy college students in Lhasa, Tibet, indoor PM 2.5 was monitored using calibrated low-cost sensors for two multiweek periods, in over 40 dormitories where participants resided. We also repeatedly measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), an acute respiratory inflammation biomarker, for each participant. Time-averaged indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in individual dormitories ranged from 3.2 to 30 μg/m 3 in the summer and from 3.6 to 57 μg/m 3 in the fall, in most cases exceeding the outdoor level (4.3 and 4.9 μg/m 3 , respectively). The hourly mean indoor PM 2.5 concentrations displayed a clear trimodal diel pattern, with peaks coincident with periods of increased activities. Further questionnaire-based analysis suggests that incense burning and smoking contributed to elevated levels of indoor PM 2.5 . Overnight PM 2.5 levels in the dormitories were significantly associated with increased FeNO the following morning, with the effects attenuated as the hourly lag increased. In contrast, inconclusive associations were observed for ambient PM 2.5 . The results demonstrate that disregarding indoor exposure can result in biased estimates of acute health effects of PM 2.5 in low PM 2.5 areas.
Published: 2024
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34. [Progress in the Study of Occurrence, Distribution, Material Flows, and Environmental Release of Substances of Very High Concern （SVHCs） in Plastics].

Author: Liu JZ, Chen JZ, Jing QN, Zhang SX, Chen AN, Lu RJ, and Liu JG
Abstract: Plastic additives provide plastics with excellent functions such as plasticizing, flame retardant, and antioxidant properties and are widely used in various plastics. Of these, 189 plastic additives have been included in the European Union's Candidate List of substances of very high concern （SVHCs） due to their potential environmental and health risks. These SVHCs are mainly used in PVC, PUR, and PE plastics and in the packaging, automotive, construction, electronic and electrical equipment, and textile sectors. Plasticizers and flame retardants are the most widely used and therefore the focus of SVHC risk assessment and risk management. Existing studies have carried out material flow analysis （MFA） for SVHCs in plastics, revealing the environmental and health risks of typical flame retardants and plasticizers throughout the product life cycle, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, hexabromocyclododecane （HBCD）, and phthalic acid esters （PAEs）. A large amount of SVHCs enter waste streams at the end of the product life cycle, highlighting the importance of strengthening waste management for SVHCs risk management. In addition to the release of SVHCs from plastic products into the environment, plastic leakage is another important source of environmental release of SVHCs. Plastic debris that have been in the environment for a long time continue to release SVHCs and pose a long-term threat to the ecosystem and human health. In the future potentially hazardous chemicals must be crucially identified in different types of plastics and to assess their environmental release during their life cycle, in particular by establishing a database on hazardous chemicals in plastics and measuring emission factors, optimizing dynamic material flow analysis （d-MFA）, as well as studying the release mechanisms of hazardous chemicals from plastic leakage.
Published: 2024
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35. Corrigendum to "Atmospheric microplastic input into wetlands: Spatiotemporal patterns, drivers, and unique ecological impacts" [Water Research, 268 (2025): 122601].

Author: Xu L, Tian X, Bai X, Li K, Zhang G, Zhang M, Rillig MC, Huang Y, and Hu M
Published: 2024
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36. The activation of Parageobacillus toebii in hyperthermophilic composting was depended on the bioavailability of raw materials.

Author: Zhang S, Fu T, Tang J, Liu D, Zheng X, Shangguan H, Lin H, Yu Z, and Zeng RJ
Abstract: Hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) with excellent disposal effect is a novel composting technology by inoculating exogenous thermophilic microorganisms. However, the role of exogenous thermophilic microorganisms in HTC remains debated, especially for the applicability of different compost feedstocks. In this study, the role of Parageobacillus toebii during HTC using chicken and pig manure was investigated. The addition of P. toebii could raise the maximum temperature to 78.2 °C and obviously enhanced maturation effect in chicken manure composting. However, the enhancement effect of P. toebii was weaker in pig manure compost, and the maximum temperature only reached 73 °C. Addition of P. toebii could stimulated functional microbial communities for C&N transformation, increased temperature, and promoted the growth of thermophilic microorganisms in chicken manure composting. Component analyses showed that chicken manure had higher bioavailability compared to pig manure. Correlation analysis indicated that P. toebii activated as a "leader", stimulating metabolic activity among functional microbial communities and enhancing organic matter degradation for heat release, while its activation depended on the bioavailability of the raw material. This study provides important insights into the role and application of exogenous microorganisms in promoting HTC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Sandstorms contribute to the atmospheric microplastic pollution: Transport and accumulation from degraded lands to a megacity.

Author: Xu L, Bai X, Li K, Zhang G, Zhang M, Wu Z, Huang Y, and Hu M
Abstract: Surface dust from degraded lands is a major global aerosol source, mobilized by meteorological events like sandstorms. Microplastics (MPs) in dust can be enriched in the atmosphere and transported over long distances to sensitive regions during sandstorms. This study was conducted in a megacity frequently impacted by sandstorms in spring, exploring the influx, characteristics, enrichment mechanism, and transport pathway of sandstorm-derived MPs. The deposition rate of these MPs reached 1823.65 ± 892.53 items·m -2 ·d -1 , predominantly consisting of low-density polymers and those mainly used in synthetic fiber, with an average size of 60.75 µm. Compared to MPs in annual atmospheric deposition, these MPs were smaller and contained a higher proportion of potentially harmful polymers. These factors could increase exposure risks for residents from sandstorm-derived MPs, along with distinct meteorological and ecological effects. Backward trajectory analysis suggested the observed sandstorms originated from the Mongolian Plateau, over 1000 km away. Comparisons of MPs from surface-collected dust on the Mongolian Plateau with sandstorms-delivered MPs revealed the transport was determined by MP shape, size, and density. This study highlights the critical role of sandstorms in the MP atmospheric cycling, emphasizing the extensive impacts of MPs and the need for coordinated mitigation efforts across regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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38. Enhanced tetracycline removal in sequencing batch reactors by bioaugmentation using tetX-carrying strains: Efficiency and mechanisms.

Author: Chen X, Zhu Y, Yan S, Li Y, and Xie S
Subjects: Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Phosphorus metabolism, Biodegradation, Environmental, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria genetics, Denitrification, Wastewater, Bioreactors, Tetracycline metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Sewage microbiology
Abstract: Tetracyclines antibiotics (TCs) pose notable environmental challenges due to their persistence in the effluent of wastewater treatment systems. Bioaugmentation offers a promising strategy for their removal, yet information is still very limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of bioaugmentation using wild-type (Sphingobacterium sp. WM1) and engineered tetX-carrying (PUC-tetX) strains for enhancing tetracycline (TC) removal in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Bioaugmentation mitigated TC's inhibitory effects on denitrification and phosphorus removal processes within SBR systems. Specifically, strain WM1 outperformed strain PUC-tetX in removing TC from sludge and maintained a longer viability. TC addition (500 μg/L, at an environmentally relevant concentration) and bioaugmentation did not significantly impact overall microbial community diversity. Notably, the introduction of these exogenous bacteria markedly increased the abundance of the tetX gene, correlating with the increase in TC degradation. Interestingly, MAGs associated with the Chloroflexi phylum in bioaugmented reactors showed the transfer of the tetX gene to autochthonous bacterial species, promoting TC removal capability. These findings underscored the potential of bioaugmentation to enhance antibiotic removal and provided insights into the dynamics of ARGs and tetX gene within activated sludge systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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39. Triplet-Excited Riboflavin Promotes Labile Fe(III) Accumulation and Changes Mineralization Pathways in Fe(II)-Catalyzed Ferrihydrite Transformation.

Author: Ding Y, Sheng A, Li X, Liu Y, Yan M, Takahashi Y, and Liu J
Abstract: Flavins are well-known endogenous electron shuttles that facilitate long-distance extracellular electron transfer in dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR), but the effects of their photosensitivity on DIR and the transformation of metastable iron (oxyhydr)oxides like ferrihydrite (Fh) remain underexplored. This study compared the kinetics, pathways, and products of Fh transformation catalyzed by aqueous Fe(II) (Fe(II) aq ) in the presence of oxidized riboflavin (RF ox ) at pH 7 under both dark and light conditions. While RF ox has a negligible impact on Fe(II)-catalyzed Fh transformation in the dark, its photoexcited triplet state ( 3 RF*) can significantly accelerate interfacial electron transfer (IET) from Fe(II) aq to Fh, increasing the reductive dissolution rate of Fh and boosting the accumulation rate of the key intermediate labile Fe(III) (Fe(III) labile ) from 14.2 μM·h -1 to 35.6 μM·h -1 . The 3 RF*-promoted Fe(II)-Fh IET favors the oxolation of Fe(III) labile to lepidocrocite (Lp) over goethite (Gt) formation during Fh transformation and promotes the subsequent conversion of Lp to magnetite (Mt), altering the mineral products from sole Gt to a mixture of Lp (24.1%), Gt (45.4%), and Mt (30.5%). These findings highlight the notable effects of riboflavin as a photosensitizer on Fh biotransformation, with implications for microbial respiration and elemental cycling in natural environments.
Published: 2024
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40. Positive Feedback between Partitioning of Carbonyl Compounds and Particulate Sulfur Formation during Haze Episodes.

Author: Shen H, Huang L, Qian X, Qin X, and Chen Z
Subjects: Air Pollutants, Atmosphere chemistry, Sulfur chemistry, Particulate Matter, Aerosols
Abstract: Carbonyl compounds are important precursors of aqueous aerosols in the atmosphere, while their gas-particle partitioning behaviors and roles in particulate sulfur formation are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the partitioning of five carbonyl compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal) during haze episodes in Beijing, China. On haze days, the values of field-derived effective Henry's law coefficients ( K H f ) on aerosols for these carbonyl compounds are 10 6 -10 8 M atm -1 times) than those in pure water. Sulfate is observed to have a pronounced "salting-in" effect on these carbonyl compounds, resulting in at least 1-order-of-magnitude increase in their particle-phase concentrations. Parameterization schemes for their partitioning in the ambient aerosols were provided and applied to the multiphase chemical box model (RACM2-CAPRAM). When incorporated into the field-derived parametrization, the model significantly increased hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) production by 50-fold compared to using the parameters obtained in pure water, increasing from 2.6 × 10 2 -10 4 times) than those in pure water. Sulfate is observed to have a pronounced "salting-in" effect on these carbonyl compounds, resulting in at least 1-order-of-magnitude increase in their particle-phase concentrations. Parameterization schemes for their partitioning in the ambient aerosols were provided and applied to the multiphase chemical box model (RACM2-CAPRAM). When incorporated into the field-derived parametrization, the model significantly increased hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) production by 50-fold compared to using the parameters obtained in pure water, increasing from 2.6 × 10 -2 . The formed HMS can facilitate sulfate formation in turn through further oxidation by OH radicals and enhance aerosol hygroscopicity. These findings indicate a positive feedback loop between the partitioning of carbonyl compounds and particulate sulfur formation during haze episodes, providing new insights for controlling particulate pollution and reducing SO -3 h -1 . The formed HMS can facilitate sulfate formation in turn through further oxidation by OH radicals and enhance aerosol hygroscopicity. These findings indicate a positive feedback loop between the partitioning of carbonyl compounds and particulate sulfur formation during haze episodes, providing new insights for controlling particulate pollution and reducing SO 2 levels in urban areas.
Published: 2024
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41. Discrepant Global Surface Ozone Responses to Emission- and Heatwave-Induced Regime Shifts.

Author: Tao C, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Guan X, Peng Y, Wang G, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Zhao X, Zhao R, Wang Q, and Wang W
Abstract: Heatwaves have substantial but poorly quantified impacts on surface ozone photochemical regimes. As heatwaves of increasing severity occur, communities face more serious exposure to ozone, necessitating a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of heatwaves on the nonlinear response of ozone to its precursors for guiding policies in emission reductions. Here we estimate the spatiotemporal evolution of global ozone chemistry based on machine learning and in situ observations and show that emission changes and heatwaves alter ozone photochemical regimes, leading to diverse ozone changes across regions. Sustained emission reductions in East Asia decreased the ozone formation sensitivity to formaldehyde (HCHO) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), counteracting the adverse high-temperature effect. Quantified results reveal that heatwaves increased the sensitivity of ozone to HCHO and PM 2.5 , enhancing their positive contributions and causing increased ozone trends across most regions, with a global average anomaly of 9.4 μg/m 3 . Meanwhile, heatwave-induced PM 2.5 anomalies concentrated in wildfire-risk zones, coupled with increased HCHO, elevated downwind ozone levels. Specifically, the effects in wildfire-endangered western Canada and heatwave-exposed southeastern United States contributed to a chemically driven ozone increase of 0.18 μg/m 3 /month in Northern America. Our results demonstrate that more targeted and substantial regulation of volatile organic compounds will be beneficial in mitigating future intensifying climate penalty effects.
Published: 2024
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42. The 2024 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: launching a new low-carbon, healthy journey.

Author: Cai W, Zhang C, Zhang S, Bai Y, Callaghan M, Chang N, Chen B, Chen H, Cheng L, Dai H, Fan W, Guan D, Hu Y, Hu Y, Hua J, Huang C, Huang H, Huang J, Huang X, Ji JS, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Kiesewetter G, Li T, Li B, Liang L, Lin B, Lin H, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liu Y, Lou S, Lu B, Lu C, Luo Z, Mi Z, Miao Y, Ren C, Romanello M, Shen J, Su J, Su R, Sun Y, Sun X, Walawender M, Wang C, Wang Q, Wang Q, Warnecke L, Wei W, Wei X, Wen S, Xie Y, Xiong H, Xu B, Yang X, Yang Y, Yao F, Yu L, Yu W, Yuan J, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Zheng D, Zhou H, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Luo Y, and Gong P
Abstract: Competing Interests: Declaration of interests JSJ reports grants and non-financial support from WHO, outside the submitted work. MW reports grants from the Wellcome Trust during the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Published: 2024
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43. Metagenomic characterization of viruses and mobile genetic elements associated with the DPANN archaeal superphylum.

Author: Wu Z, Liu S, and Ni J
Subjects: Phylogeny, Metagenome, Genome, Viral genetics, Genome, Archaeal, Virome genetics, Symbiosis, Archaea genetics, Archaea virology, Metagenomics, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, Archaeal Viruses genetics, Archaeal Viruses classification, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Abstract: The archaeal superphylum DPANN (an acronym formed from the initials of the first five phyla discovered: Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota and Nanoarchaeota) is a group of ultrasmall symbionts able to survive in extreme ecosystems. The diversity and dynamics between DPANN archaea and their virome remain largely unknown. Here we use a metagenomic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screening approach to identify 97 globally distributed, non-redundant viruses and unclassified mobile genetic elements predicted to infect hosts across 8 DPANN phyla, including 7 viral groups not previously characterized. Genomic analysis suggests a diversity of viral morphologies including head-tailed, tailless icosahedral and spindle-shaped viruses with the potential to establish lytic, chronic or lysogenic infections. We also find evidence of a virally encoded Cas12f1 protein (probably originating from uncultured DPANN archaea) and a mini-CRISPR array, which could play a role in modulating host metabolism. Many metagenomes have virus-to-host ratios >10, indicating that DPANN viruses play an important role in controlling host populations. Overall, our study illuminates the underexplored diversity, functional repertoires and host interactions of the DPANN virome., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2024
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44. Targeted opportunities to mitigate water scarcity, inequality, and inequity embedded in international food trade for vulnerable countries.

Author: Gu W and Qin Y
Subjects: Agriculture, Food Supply, Socioeconomic Factors, Developing Countries, Humans, Food, Water Supply, Commerce
Abstract: International food trade reshapes regional water scarcity through virtual water transfers (VWT), influencing water use equality and equity. This study examines eight populous yet impoverished countries in Africa and Asia, representing 30 % of the global poor population and contributing 20 % to agricultural VWT. Despite their significant role, these countries have been understudied due to a lack of data or attention. By integrating multiple datasets and models, we assess how international food trade impacts water scarcity, inequality, and inequity within these countries and identify the driving factors. Our findings reveal varied outcomes: Uganda and Ethiopia benefit from reduced water scarcity (∼40 % and ∼7 %) and improved equality and equity (∼90 % and ∼68 %), while India and Pakistan face exacerbated scarcity (∼4 % and ∼2 %) and widening inequality and inequity (∼4 % and ∼7 %). The effects are largely driven by critical trade flows of staple and cash crops like rice, sugar cane, and cotton among developing countries, propelled by comparative advantages in agricultural production, econo-geography, food demand, and water endowment between importers and exporters. Addressing these water challenges involves diversifying import channels to reduce reliance on detrimental trade flows, such as India's rice exports to Iran, while promoting beneficial flows, like Bangladesh's cotton imports from India, through trade agreements. Additionally, implementing pro-poor water policies (e.g., providing water subsidies) and water-saving techniques (e.g., adopting drip irrigation) is crucial, though caution is needed to avoid unintendedly marginalizing vulnerable groups through large-scale water projects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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45. Deciphering stratified structure and microbiota assembly of biofilms from a pyrite-based biofilter driven by mixotrophic denitrification.

Author: Zhou Q, Jia L, Li Y, Wu W, and Wang J
Subjects: Filtration, Bacteria metabolism, Phosphorus, Biofilms, Sulfides chemistry, Sulfides metabolism, Microbiota, Denitrification, Iron metabolism
Abstract: The precise structure and assembly process of pyrite-based biofilms remain poorly understood. The polysaccharides (PN), proteins (PS), and extracellular DNA were enriched in the soluble extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), loosely bound EPS, and tightly bound EPS, respectively, indicating a significant stratified structure of biofilms. The tryptophan facilitated mixotrophic metabolic processes. Both dominant (>1%) and rare species (<0.01 %) harbored core bacteria, including sulfur autotrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, partial least-squares path modeling quantified the contributions of total phosphorus (TP) (λ = 0.32), dissolved organic matter (DOC) (λ = 0.29), and NH 4 -N (λ = 0.26) to variations in the microbial community. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed three distinct stages in biofilm development: colonization (0-36 d), succession (36-149 d), and maturation/old (149-215 d). Furthermore, neutral community model indicated that stochastic processes drove the colonization and maturation/old stages, while deterministic processes dominated the succession stage. This study offered valuable insights into the regulation of pyrite-based engineered ecosystems.+ -N (λ = 0.26) to variations in the microbial community. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed three distinct stages in biofilm development: colonization (0-36 d), succession (36-149 d), and maturation/old (149-215 d). Furthermore, neutral community model indicated that stochastic processes drove the colonization and maturation/old stages, while deterministic processes dominated the succession stage. This study offered valuable insights into the regulation of pyrite-based engineered ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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46. Comparative assessment of acute neurotoxicity of real-world ultra-fine black carbon emitted from residential solid fuel combustion.

Author: Shang Y, Zhao K, Xue W, An J, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Zeng Q, Tang Q, and Qiu X
Subjects: Humans, Particulate Matter toxicity, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Cell Line, Tumor, Soot toxicity, Air Pollutants toxicity
Abstract: Incomplete combustion of residential solid fuel is one of the main anthropogenic sources for black carbon (BC). Fresh BC, mainly enriched in ultra-fine fraction of particles, can directly cross blood-brain barrier and are reported to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the difficulties in collection and purification of BC from ambient particles, there are still significant knowledge gaps in understanding neurotoxicity caused by real-world BC. The purpose of this study is to compare the neurotoxic effects caused by BCs emitted from combustion of six residential solid fuels, and try to reveal associated biological mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells. Two straw BC (Wheat-BC and Corn-BC) showed highest neurotoxic effects followed by wood BC (Pine-BC and Aspen-BC) and coal BC (Xvzhou and Longkou Coal), as indicated by viability, lactic dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, adenosine triphosphate and acetylcholine levels. Coal BC caused nearly no toxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells within highest dose of 200 μg/mL. RNA sequence and bioinformatics analysis were applied to effectively identify differential genes and signaling pathways. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, Protein Protein Interaction network (PPI network) construction, we found biomass BC affected mitochondrial function, interfered with cellular metabolic processes, disturbed redox homeostasis, and finally resulted in cellular damages. Coal-BC mainly caused cytokine/chemokine related inflammatory responses. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting methods were further applied to find out related signaling pathways. Biomass BC activated IL6R/JAK3/STAT3 and JAK3/STAT6 pathways leading to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Coal BC activated JAK3/STAT3 pathway leading to chemokine related responses. This study revealed the heterogeneity in neurotoxicity of BCs from different combustion sources and provided important data for health risk assessment. BC-related neurotoxicity should be considered when making air pollution emission control strategies, with residential biomass receiving more policy attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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47. Oxygen vacancy-dependent synergistic disinfection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by BiOBr nanoflower induced H 2 O 2 activation.

Author: Li Z, Hou Y, Shen Y, Nie C, Zhang X, Liu F, and Tong M
Subjects: Bismuth pharmacology, Bismuth chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Bacteria drug effects, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Water Purification methods, Hydrogen Peroxide pharmacology, Disinfection methods, Oxygen metabolism
Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) pose a significant threat to both ecosystems and human health. Owing to the excellent catalytic activity, eco-safety, and convenience for defect engineering, BiOBr with oxygen vacancies (OVs) of different density thus were fabricated and employed to activate H 2 O 2 for ARB disinfection/ARGs degradation in present study. We found that BiOBr with OVs of appropriate density induced via ethanol reduction (BOB-E) could effectively activate H 2 O 2 , achieving excellent ARB disinfection and ARGs degradation efficiency. Moreover, this disinfection system exhibited remarkable tolerance to complex water environments and actual water conditions. In-situ characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that OVs in BOB-E could effectively capture and activate aqueous H 2 O 2 into HO · and O 2 . The generated reactive oxygen species combined with electron transfer could damage the cell membrane system and degrade genetic materials of ARB, leading to effective disinfection. The impressive reusability, high performance achieved in two immobilized reaction systems (packed column and baffled ditch reactor), excellent degradation of emerging organic pollutants supported the feasibility of BOB-E/H ·- . The generated reactive oxygen species combined with electron transfer could damage the cell membrane system and degrade genetic materials of ARB, leading to effective disinfection. The impressive reusability, high performance achieved in two immobilized reaction systems (packed column and baffled ditch reactor), excellent degradation of emerging organic pollutants supported the feasibility of BOB-E/H 2 system towards practical water decontamination. Overall, this study not only provides insights into fabrication of bismuth-based catalysts for efficient ARB disinfection/ARGs degradation via OVs regulation, but also paves the way for their practical applications.2 system towards practical water decontamination. Overall, this study not only provides insights into fabrication of bismuth-based catalysts for efficient ARB disinfection/ARGs degradation via OVs regulation, but also paves the way for their practical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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48. Direct evidence for selective microbial enrichment with plastic degradation potential in the plastisphere.

Author: Bai X, Li K, Xu L, Zhang G, Zhang M, and Huang Y
Subjects: Rhodococcus metabolism, Microplastics metabolism, Microbiota, Nocardia metabolism, Soil chemistry, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria classification, Biodegradation, Environmental, Soil Microbiology, Soil Pollutants metabolism, Soil Pollutants analysis, Plastics metabolism
Abstract: Plastisphere, characterized by microbial colonization on plastic debris, has attracted concern with its adverse environmental effects. The microbial features have been increasingly investigated; however, there lacks direct evidence for microplastics serving as carbon sources and enriching plastic-degrading microorganisms. Here, we obtained microbial communities from soil microplastics, analyzed the dissimilarity compared with soil, and characterized the plastic-degrading potential of isolates from plastisphere. Results showed the plastisphere communities significantly differed from soil communities and exhibited a higher relative abundance of Nocardia and Rhodococcus. To verify the selective enrichment of plastic-degrading microorganisms in the plastisphere, culture-based strategies were employed to evaluate the polyethylene (PE) degradation potential of two isolates Nocardia asteroides No.11 and Rhodococcus hoagii No.17. They could grow solely on PE and led to significant weight loss. FTIR and SEM analysis revealed the formation of new functional groups and the destruction of structural integrity on PE surfaces. Genes related to PE biodegradation were identified by genome-wide sequencing thus recognizing relevant enzymes and elucidating potential pathways. Overall, this report combined culture-free and culture-based approaches to confirm the plastic degradation potential of selectively enriched microorganisms in soil plastisphere, providing a positive perspective toward promoting microplastic biodegradation in farmland soil by enhancing natural microbial processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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49. Rapid cycling and emission of volatile sulfur compounds in the eastern Indian Ocean: Impact of runoff inputs and implications for balancing atmospheric carbonyl sulfide budget.

Author: Xu F, Zhang HH, Zhong XS, Xu GB, Yan SB, Wu JW, Wang J, Ji X, Yang GP, and Chen ZH
Subjects: Indian Ocean, Sulfur Oxides analysis, Atmosphere chemistry, Sulfur Compounds analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Disulfide analysis, Seawater chemistry, Sulfides analysis
Abstract: Volatile sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), significantly influence atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Despite the oceans being an important source of these sulfides, the limited understanding of their biogeochemical cycles in seawater introduces considerable uncertainties in quantifying their oceanic emissions and assessing atmospheric OCS budgets. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive field survey in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) to examine the spatial distributions, source-sink dynamics, and sea-air exchange fluxes of marine DMS, OCS, and CS 2 . Our study indicates that nutrients, organic matter, and freshwater input from terrestrial runoff significantly affect most of the source-sink processes of these sulfides in the Bay of Bengal and even the tropical EIO. The resulting sulfide accumulation in seawater combined with high wind speeds establishes the tropical EIO as a considerable direct and indirect atmospheric OCS source. These insights underscore the potentially critical role of marine environments influenced by runoff in contributing to the atmospheric OCS budget. However, by integrating these results with previous field surveys, we believe that actual OCS emissions from tropical oceans exceed some bottom-up box-model simulations, yet fall significantly below those predicted by top-down models, still insufficient to bridge the atmospheric OCS source gap. Our detailed examination of source-sink dynamics offers deeper insights into the marine sulfur cycle and has potential implications for refining future box-models, thus mitigating uncertainties in estimating marine sulfur emissions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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50. Bacterial communication intelligently regulates their interactions in anammox consortia under decreasing temperatures.

Author: Zhou J, Wu X, Feng Y, Huo T, Zhao Y, Pan J, and Liu S
Subjects: Temperature, Acyl-Butyrolactones metabolism, Microbial Consortia physiology, Bioreactors microbiology, Bacteria metabolism
Abstract: Bacterial communication could affect their interactions, but whether this regulation has "intelligence" is still unknown. Here, we operated an anammox reactor under temperature gradient from 35 °C to 15 °C. As results, expression abundance of bacterial communication genes increased by 12 % significantly after temperature declined. Division of labor among distinct signal molecules was evidenced by complementary roles of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and diffusible signal factor (DSF) in affecting bacterial interactions and niche differentiation respectively. DSF based inter-and intra-communication helped bacteria match their investments and rewards during cross-feedings. When temperature was below 25 °C, transcription regulator Clp governed by DSF inclined to promote folate and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, which coincidentally benefited one anammox species more than another. Meanwhile, for the anammox species with lower benefits, Clp also inclined to decrease biosynthesis of costly tryptophan and vitamin B1 rewarding others. Interestingly, bacterial communication inclined to influence the bacteria with many cooperators in the community or with high capacity to export cofactors for cross-feedings when temperature decreased. As results, these bacteria were enriched which could lead to closer interactions in whole community to adapt to low temperatures. The discovered intelligence of bacterial communication opened another window for understanding bacterial sociobiology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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