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Recent studies suggested that MYC and BCL2 protein co-expression is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, the immunohistochemistry protocols for dual-expression staining and the scoring cut-offs vary by study. Sixty-nine cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were evaluated for MYC and BCL2 protein expression using various cut-offs that have been recommended in prior studies. Independent of the International Prognostic Index risk group, cases with dual protein expression of BCL2 and MYC using ≥50%/40% cut-offs and ≥70%/40% had significantly shorter overall survival than cases without. It was verified in this patient population that the use of BCL2 and MYC immunohistochemistry, performed with availablein vitrodiagnostic-cleared antibodies, provides rapid prognostic information in patients withde novodiffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This study has practical implications for diagnostic laboratories and serves as a guide for implementation in the setting of future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study to classify molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into activated B-cell-like (ABC) and germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL. It mentions the use of single tube, gene expression assay on the ICPlex system differentiating the DLBCL subtypes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. It further mentions the use of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers designed and labelled with fluorescent dyes.

Monocytes/macrophages are crucial mediators of the host response to biomaterials, and their level of activation can be directly affected by material characteristics. Previous work has demonstrated that primary human monocytes cultured on polytetrafluoroethylene materials of varying topography but identical surface chemistry are differentially affected. Monocytes/macrophages on biaxially-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene with an average intranodal distance of 4.4 μm (4.4-ePTFE) produced higher levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) compared with monocytes/macrophages on nonporous polytetrafluoroethylene (np-PTFE). The current study provides a mechanistic understanding of this response. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that monocytes/macrophages cultured on np-PTFE were more spread than those on 4.4-ePTFE. In addition, the actin cytoskeleton and intact β2 integrin receptors were necessary for IL-1β production by monocytes/macrophages on 4.4-ePTFE. This IL-1β production also required the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B, another component of the β2 integrin signaling pathway, although it may not be the primary transcription factor involved. These studies demonstrate the importance of several β2 integrin signaling components to the monocyte/macrophage response to biomaterial topography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate follow-up and treatment for patients with a core biopsy diagnosis of lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) remains controversial. Several studies have attempted to address this issue, with recommendations ranging from close clinical follow-up or surveillance to mandatory surgical excision in all cases. We report the findings at our institution, where virtually every core needle biopsy diagnosis of lobular neoplasia results in follow-up excision. The goal of the study was to identify potential predictors of upgrade to a more significant lesion. We identified 76 patients over a 15-year period with a core biopsy diagnosis of pure lobular neoplasia and no other high-risk lesions. Subsequent surgical excision identified 10 cases (13%) that were upgraded to carcinoma. Upgrade diagnoses included invasive ductal carcinoma (n=1), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=4), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=3), and pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (n=2). All 10 upgraded cases had imaging findings suspicious for malignancy including irregular masses, asymmetric densities, or pleomorphic calcifications. Of the 10 upgraded cases, 7 were diagnosed as lobular carcinoma in situ on core biopsy. The data support a role for radiologic-pathologic correlation in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions and suggest that the extent of lobular neoplasia in core biopsy specimens may be an indicator of the likelihood of upgrade to carcinoma., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Myeloid sarcoma manifesting in the testis is rare and may occur concomitantly with bone marrow disease or as a separate entity. We describe our experience with a 6-month-old boy who presented with painless scrotal swelling and was found to have bilateral testicular masses on ultrasonography. The patient underwent unilateral radical inguinal orchiectomy. Surgical pathology revealed myeloid sarcoma of the testicle. He developed peripheral blood involvement 1 week postoperatively. Bone marrow biopsy showed acute myeloid leukemia. He is in remission after 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy, local radiation therapy, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)