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3. Measuring and Modelling the Plant Uptake and Accumulation of Synthetic Organic Chemicals: With a Focus on Pesticides and Root Uptake

Author

Jones, Benjamin M., Collins, Chris D., Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Ortega-Calvo, Jose Julio, editor, and Parsons, John Robert, editor

Published
2020
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9. Conversion of forest to cinnamon plantation depletes soil carbon stocks in the top metre of the tropical highlands of Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia.

Author

Antony, Dedy, Collins, Chris D., Clark, Joanna M., and Sizmur, Tom

Subjects
FOREST conversion, BURNING of land, TREE farms, CARBON in soils, SOIL profiles
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of conversion from natural forest to cinnamon plantation on the top 1 m soil carbon stocks and soil characteristics. The project was conducted on Andosols of Kerinci Regency, Sumatera, Indonesia, sampling the soil profile under natural forests and a chronosequence of cinnamon plantations of different ages (1, 5 and 10 years). SOC stocks were quantified alongside physical properties (bulk density) and chemical properties (carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio) to investigate the impact of land conversion. SOC stocks increased 1 year after conversion to cinnamon plantations, but then tended to decrease as the plantations got older. The initial increase was observed alongside decreasing bulk density 1 year after forest conversion to cinnamon plantation, likely as a result of the fresh input of (less dense) pyrogenic soil organic matter as a result of slash and burn practices and transport down the soil profile owing to leaching. In older plantations SOC stocks were lower, probably because organic matter had been decomposed or leached out of the profile. The free particulate organic matter (fPOM) was isolated from selected topsoil and subsoil layers and analysed for carbon, nitrogen, and FTIR analysis. FTIR analysis revealed that topsoil fPOM contained more aromatic functional groups than subsoils and had a higher degree of decomposition. Aromatic and carbohydrate functional groups were initially lower in recently converted cinnamon plantation, but the trend was reversed 10 years after conversion. The initial flush of fresh organic matter into soils after slash and burn provides fPOM with a lower degree of decomposition but is short-lived and fPOM becomes more microbially processed as the cinnamon plantation ages. We conclude that, after a short term increase brought about by slash and burn, forest conversion to cinnamon plantation in Kerinci Regency depletes SOC stocks both in topsoils and subsoils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. A comparison of physical soil organic matter fractionation\ud methods for amended soils

Author

Duddigan, Sarah, Shaw, Liz J., Alexander, Paul D., and Collins, Chris D.

Abstract

Selecting a suitable physical fractionation method, to investigate soil organic matter dynamics, from the \ud plethora that are available is a difficult task. Using five different physical fractionation methods, on soils either nontreated or with a history of amendment\ud with a range of exogenous organic matter inputs (Irish moss peat; composted horse manure; garden compost) and a resulting range of carbon contents (6.8 to 22.2%), we show that method selection had a significant impact on both the total C recovered and the distribution of the recovered C between unprotected, physically protected, or chemically protected conceptual pools. These between-method differences most likely resulted from the following: (i) variation in the methodological fractions obtained (i.e., distinguishing between aggregate size classes); (ii) their subsequent designation to conceptual pools (e.g., protected versus unprotected); and (iii) the procedures used in sample pretreatment and subsequent aggregate dispersion and fractionation steps. The performance of each method also varied depending on the amendment in question. The findings emphasise the need for an understanding of the nature of the soil samples under investigation, and the stabilisation mechanism of interest, both prior to method selection and when comparing and interpreting findings from literature studies using different fractionation methods.

Published
2019

31. Sampling strategy for estimating human exposure pathways to consumer chemicals

Author

Papadopoulou, Eleni, primary, Padilla-Sanchez, Juan A., additional, Collins, Chris D., additional, Cousins, Ian T., additional, Covaci, Adrian, additional, de Wit, Cynthia A., additional, Leonards, Pim E.G., additional, Voorspoels, Stefan, additional, Thomsen, Cathrine, additional, Harrad, Stuart, additional, and Haug, Line S., additional

Published
2016
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39. Effects of Land Management on Different Forms of Soil Carbon in Olive Groves in Mediterranean Areas.

Author

Fernández ‐ Romero, María Luisa, Lozano ‐ García, Beatriz, Parras ‐ Alcántara, Luis, Collins, Chris D., and Clark, Joanna M.

Subjects
CARBON in soils, SOIL quality, NO-tillage, SOIL management, ENVIRONMENTAL soil science
Abstract

ABSTRACT This study analyses soil organic carbon (SOC) and hot-water extractable carbon, both measures of soil quality, under different land management-(i) conventional tillage (CT); (ii) CT plus the addition of oil mill waste alperujo (A); (iii) CT plus the addition of oil mill waste olive leaves (L); (iv) no tillage with chipped pruned branches (NT1); and (v) no tillage with chipped pruned branches and weeds (NT2)-in a typical Mediterranean agricultural area: the olive groves of Andalusia, southern Spain. SOC values in CT, A, NT1 and NT2 decreased with depth, but in NT2, the surface horizon (0-5 cm) had higher values than the other treatments, 47% more than the average values in the other three soils. In L, SOC also decreased with depth, although there was an increase of 88·5% from the first (0-10 cm) to the second horizon (10-16 cm). Total SOC stock values were very similar under A (101·9 Mg ha−1), CT (101·7 Mg ha−1), NT1 (105·8 Mg ha−1) and NT2 (111·3 Mg ha−1, if we consider the same depth of the others). However, SOC under L was significantly higher ( p < 0· 05) at 250·2 Mg ha−1. Hot-water extractable carbon decreased with depth in A, CT and NT1. NT2 and L followed the same pattern as the other management types but with a higher value in the surface horizon (2·3 and 4·9 mg g−1, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that application of oil mill waste olive leaves under CT (L) is a good management practice to improve SOC and reduce waste. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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