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1. Hyperimmune Bovine Colostral Anti-CS17 Antibodies Protect Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea in a Randomized, Doubled-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Infection Model.

Author

Savarino, Stephen J, McKenzie, Robin, Tribble, David R, Porter, Chad K, O'Dowd, Aisling, Sincock, Stephanie A, Poole, Steven T, DeNearing, Barbara, Woods, Colleen M, Kim, Hye, Grahek, Shannon L, Brinkley, Carl, Crabb, Joseph H, and Bourgeois, A Louis

Subjects
*ESCHERICHIA coli, *CLINICAL trial registries, *DIARRHEA, *DENTAL prophylaxis, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Abstract

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) commonly cause diarrhea in children living in developing countries and in travelers to those regions. ETEC are characterized by colonization factors (CFs) that mediate intestinal adherence. We assessed if bovine colostral IgG (bIgG) antibodies against a CF, CS17, or antibodies against CsbD, the minor tip subunit of CS17, would protect subjects against diarrhea following challenge with a CS17-expressing ETEC strain.Methods: Adult subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to receive oral bIgG against CS17, CsbD, or placebo. Two days prior to challenge, subjects began dosing 3 times daily with the bIgG products (or placebo). On day 3, subjects ingested 5 × 109 cfu ETEC strain LSN03-016011/A in buffer. Subjects were assessed for diarrhea for 120 hours postchallenge.Results: A total of 36 subjects began oral prophylaxis and 35 were challenged with ETEC. While 50.0% of the placebo recipients had watery diarrhea, none of the subjects receiving anti-CS17 had diarrhea (P = .01). In contrast, diarrhea rates between placebo and anti-CsbD recipients (41.7%) were comparable (P = 1.0).Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate anti-CS17 antibodies provide significant protection against ETEC expressing CS17. More research is needed to better understand why anti-CsbD was not comparably efficacious. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00524004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. Effects of Child and Maternal Histo-Blood Group Antigen Status on Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Enteric Infections in Early Childhood.

Author

Colston, Josh M, Francois, Ruthly, Pisanic, Nora, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, McCormick, Benjamin J J, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Gazi, Md Amran, Svensen, Erling, Ahmed, Mondar Maruf Moin, Mduma, Esto, Liu, Jie, Houpt, Eric R, Klapheke, Robert, Schwarz, Julia W, Atmar, Robert L, Black, Robert E, and Kosek, Margaret N

Abstract

Background Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as fucosyltransferase (FUT)2 and 3 may act as innate host factors that differentially influence susceptibility of individuals and their offspring to pediatric enteric infections. Methods In 3 community-based birth cohorts, FUT2 and FUT3 statuses were ascertained for mother-child dyads. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction panels tested 3663 diarrheal and 18 148 asymptomatic stool samples for 29 enteropathogens. Cumulative diarrhea and infection incidence were compared by child (n = 520) and mothers' (n = 519) HBGA status and hazard ratios (HRs) derived for all-cause diarrhea and specific enteropathogens. Results Children of secretor (FUT2 positive) mothers had a 38% increased adjusted risk of all-cause diarrhea (HR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.66) and significantly reduced time to first diarrheal episode. Child FUT2 and FUT3 positivity reduced the risk for all-cause diarrhea by 29% (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.93) and 27% (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92), respectively. Strong associations between HBGAs and pathogen-specific infection and diarrhea were observed, particularly for noroviruses, rotaviruses, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , and Campylobacter jejuni / coli. Conclusions Histo-blood group antigens affect incidence of all-cause diarrhea and enteric infections at magnitudes comparable to many common disease control interventions. Studies measuring impacts of interventions on childhood enteric disease should account for both child and mothers' HBGA status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in children with acute diarrhoea and controls in Teresina/PI, Brazil: distribution of enterotoxin and colonization factor genes.

Author

Nunes, M. R. C. M., Penna, F. J., Franco, R. T., Mendes, E. N., and Magalhães, P. P.

Subjects
*ESCHERICHIA coli, *DIARRHEA, *GENES, *ENTEROTOXINS, *INTESTINAL diseases
Abstract

To investigate the distribution of the genes that encode enterotoxins and the colonization factors (CF) types as well as the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated from children from the Brazilian Northeast. We conducted a 3·5-year prospective study that involved 250 children with and 150 without diarrhoea, aged 1-60 months, from low-income families in Teresina/Brazilian Northeast. All samples were assayed for E. coli, enterotoxin and CF genes and antimicrobial susceptibility by microbiological methods and PCR. ETEC strains were isolated from 9·2% children with and 4·0% without diarrhoea. Infection was more common in children aged 6-24 months in rainy months. elt/CFA/IV and elt/CS14 were the most frequent genotypes. Susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin and resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were common. elt isolates and ETEC strains harbouring genes encoding CFA/IV and CS/14 were the most common ETEC found in Brazilian Northeast. Our data, the first generated for north-eastern Brazilian children, may be important for the development of an effective vaccine and for facilitation of an empirical choice of antibiotic treatment or prophylaxis for traveller's diarrhoea in the area studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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4. Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran.

Author

Shahrokhi, Nader, Bouzari, Saeid, and Jafari, Anis

Subjects
*MICROBIAL virulence, *ANTIBIOTICS, *DRUG resistance, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *SMALL intestine diseases, *DNA, *GENETICS, *MICROORGANISM populations
Abstract

Introduction: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhoea by producing heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins after colonizing the small intestine by means of colonization factors (CFs). Although detection of the toxins is sufficient for verification of ETEC isolates, toxin-positive strains may be further analyzed for the presence of CFs. Antibiotics may shorten the duration of diarrhoea caused by ETEC, but the rapid emergence of resistant strains limits their usefulness. Methodology: ETEC isolates collected 10 years apart were compared for the prevalence of toxin types, CFs and antibiotic resistance. DNA/DNA hybridization with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes was used for the detection of toxin types, and CF-typing was performed by DNA hybridization using DIG-labeled probes for cfaD and CS6 with slide agglutination. Disk diffusion was used to determine antibiotic resistance. The presence of class 1 integrons was detected by PCR. Results: ST-positive isolates were the most prevalent among the isolates from 1988, but a significant shift towards LT-gene carriage was observed in the 1998 group. CFA/I and CFA/IV were the most common CF types within both groups. The most prevalent resistance patterns among these isolates were ACSTSXT followed by ASTSXT and ASSXT. Conclusion: Our study of the two groups of isolates showed that the rate of LT and ST gene carriage, as well as antibiotic resistance markers, has changed in the ten years separating the two bacterial populations. These variations show the importance of monitoring pathogenic bacteria to obtain a near realistic picture of the circulating bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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5. Detection of the CS20 colonization factor antigen in diffuse-adhering Escherichia coli strains.

Author

Ochoa, Theresa J., Rivera, Fulton P., Bernal, Maria, Meza, Rina, Ecker, Lucie, Gil, Ana I., Cepeda, David, Mosquito, Susan, Mercado, Erik, Maves, Ryan C., Hall, Eric R., Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, McVeigh, Annette, Savarino, Stephen, and Lanata, Claudio F.

Subjects
*ESCHERICHIA coli, *DIARRHEA in children, *TOXINS, *CARCINOGENESIS, *IMMUNE response
Abstract

We analyzed a randomly selected group of 30 diffusely adherent (DAEC), 30 enteropathogenic, 30 enteroaggregative, and five Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) colonization factors (CFs) were evaluated by a dot-blot assay using 21 CF-specific monoclonal antibodies. Out of 95 non-ETEC strains, three DAEC were found to express coli surface antigen 20 (CS20). No other E. coli expressed CFs. We confirmed the three CS20-positive strains as ETEC-negative by repeat PCR and as toxin-negative by ganglioside-GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has identified currently recognized CFs in non-ETEC diarrheagenic E. coli strains identified using molecular methods. CFs may be an unrecognized relevant adherence factor in other E. coli, which may then play a role in pathogenesis and the immune response of the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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6. Randomised, double-blind, safety and efficacy of a killed oral vaccine for enterotoxigenic E. Coli diarrhoea of travellers to Guatemala and Mexico

Author

Sack, David A., Shimko, Janet, Torres, Olga, Bourgeois, August L., Francia, Domingo Sanchez, Gustafsson, Björn, Kärnell, Anders, Nyquist, Iréne, and Svennerholm, Ann-Mari

Subjects
*VACCINATION, *PREVENTIVE medicine, *INTESTINAL diseases, *ESCHERICHIA coli
Abstract

Abstract: We tested the efficacy of a killed oral vaccine for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea to determine if two doses of vaccine with colonization factor antigens (CF) and cholera B subunit would protect against ETEC diarrhoea of travellers. Six hundred seventy-two healthy travellers going to Mexico or Guatemala were studied in a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome was a vaccine preventable outcome (VPO), defined as an episode of ETEC diarrhoea with an ETEC organism producing heat labile toxin (LT) or CF homologous with the vaccine, without other known causes. The vaccine was safe and stimulated anti-heat labile toxin antibodies. There was a significant decrease in more severe VPO episodes (PE=77%, p =0.039) as defined by symptoms that interfered with daily activities or more than five loose stools in a day, although the total number of VPO events did not differ significantly in the vaccine and placebo groups. We conclude that the new oral ETEC vaccine reduces the rate of more severe episodes of traveller''s diarrhoea (TD) due to VPO-ETEC, but it did not reduce the overall rate of ETEC diarrhoea or of travellers’ diarrhoea due to other causes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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7. Effects of Child and Maternal Histo-Blood Group Antigen Status on Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Enteric Infections in Early Childhood

Author

Josh M, Colston, Ruthly, Francois, Nora, Pisanic, Pablo, Peñataro Yori, Benjamin J J, McCormick, Maribel Paredes, Olortegui, Md Amran, Gazi, Erling, Svensen, Mondar Maruf Moin, Ahmed, Esto, Mduma, Jie, Liu, Eric R, Houpt, Robert, Klapheke, Julia W, Schwarz, Robert L, Atmar, Robert E, Black, and Margaret N, Kosek

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Pathogenesis and Host Response, colonization factor antigens, milk proteins, immunology, Gastrointestinal Diseases, fimbriae proteins, Mothers, Escherichia coli infections, Mother-Child Relations, Feces, Major Articles and Brief Reports, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Blood Group Antigens, Humans, bacterial vaccines, Female, antibodies, bacterial, controlled human infection model, Asymptomatic Infections, diarrhea, prevention and control, immunization, passive, randomized controlled clinical trial
Abstract

Background Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as fucosyltransferase (FUT)2 and 3 may act as innate host factors that differentially influence susceptibility of individuals and their offspring to pediatric enteric infections. Methods In 3 community-based birth cohorts, FUT2 and FUT3 statuses were ascertained for mother-child dyads. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction panels tested 3663 diarrheal and 18 148 asymptomatic stool samples for 29 enteropathogens. Cumulative diarrhea and infection incidence were compared by child (n = 520) and mothers’ (n = 519) HBGA status and hazard ratios (HRs) derived for all-cause diarrhea and specific enteropathogens. Results Children of secretor (FUT2 positive) mothers had a 38% increased adjusted risk of all-cause diarrhea (HR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.66) and significantly reduced time to first diarrheal episode. Child FUT2 and FUT3 positivity reduced the risk for all-cause diarrhea by 29% (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.93) and 27% (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92), respectively. Strong associations between HBGAs and pathogen-specific infection and diarrhea were observed, particularly for noroviruses, rotaviruses, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli. Conclusions Histo-blood group antigens affect incidence of all-cause diarrhea and enteric infections at magnitudes comparable to many common disease control interventions. Studies measuring impacts of interventions on childhood enteric disease should account for both child and mothers’ HBGA status., The histo-blood group antigens of children and their mothers are determinants of diarrhea in early childhood. This study estimates the innate immunity provided by HBGA for principal etiologies of diarrhea and demonstrates altered risk for bacterial and viral enteropathogens.

Published
2018

9. Colonization Factor Antigens, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ganglioside GM1 , Hemagglutination

Author

Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi, Casmir, Ikeneche, Nkiruka, Bassey, Bassey, Al-Gallas, Nazek, Alexander Casmir, Akpa, Nnennaya, Isu, University of Abuja, World Health Organization [Abuja, Nigeria] (WHO), Laboratoire de Contrôle des Eaux et Denrées Alimentaires, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Biotechnology Development Agency [Abuja, Nigeria] (NABDA), Funding/Support: This study was not supported by any particular grant. All the material support has been duly acknowledged, and The authors would like to thank all those who collaborated with us in this study. We also extend our gratitude to the staff of Enteric Diseases Program (WHO Collaborating Centre) at the National Microbiology Laboratory (Canada), especially Dr. Celine Nadon, Rafiq Ahmed, Helen Tabor, and Dr. Matthew Gilmour for their assistance with serotyping. Moreover, we would like to thank the children and their parents for providing the stool samples, as well as the laboratory staff of all hospitals and health centers for their contribution to the collection of samples. Finally, we acknowledge the staff of the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja for the logistic support and the Laboratoire de Controle des Eaux et Denrees Alimentaires de l’Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia for their valuable input.

Subjects
Ganglioside GM1, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Colonization Factor Antigens, Hemagglutination, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Abstract

International audience; Background: Heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxin variants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are enterotoxins associated with diarrhea among children in Abuja, Nigeria. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is also known as a major etiological agent of diarrheal disease among travelers in developing countries. Continuous identification of commonly expressed bacterial components of ETEC can help extend the protective spectra of future candidate ETEC vaccines in Nigeria. Objectives: This study aimed to provide new insights into the distribution patterns of enterotoxins, colonization factor antigens (CFA phenotypes), and serotypes and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ETEC strains from children with acute diarrhea in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: Escherichia coli strains, isolated from the stool samples of children aged 0-60 months, were tested via polymerase chain reaction, ganglioside GM1 ELISA assay, hemagglutination assay, HEp-2 cell adherence assay, dot blot technique, and disc diffusion method for antimicrobial resistance. Results: Rnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was detected in 16 (4.0%) out of 400 children with acute diarrhea. The toxigenic genotypes expressed by ETEC strains included LT toxin gene 6 (37.5%), ST toxin gene 6 (37.5%), and ST/LT gene 4 (25.0%). The CF phenotypes with major expression included CS2 (25.0%), CS3 (12.5%), and CFA1 (6.3%), with a probability value below 0.05 (P < 0.05). However, no CFA/CS was detected in 56.3% of ETEC strains. Multidrug resistance pattern of nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-amoxicillin-augmentin-cephalexin-cefuroxime was observed in 19% of ETEC strains. The most prevalent ETEC serotype was O8: H9 (n, 5). Based on the findings , ETEC infection peaked to 7.2% in July. Conclusion: Although ST and LT toxins seem to have equal distributions in the analyzed population, continuous identification of CFA phenotypes and toxins is necessary for the evaluation of ETEC vaccines in Nigeria.

Published
2018
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10. Detection of the CS20 Colonization Factor Antigen in Diffuse-Adhering Escherichia coli Strains

Author

NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD, Ochoa, Theresa J, Rivera, Fulton P, Bernal, Maria, Meza, Rina, Ecker, Lucie, Gil, Ana I, Cepeda, David, Mosquito, Susan, Mercado, Erik, Maves, Ryan C, NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD, Ochoa, Theresa J, Rivera, Fulton P, Bernal, Maria, Meza, Rina, Ecker, Lucie, Gil, Ana I, Cepeda, David, Mosquito, Susan, Mercado, Erik, and Maves, Ryan C

Abstract

We analyzed a randomly selected group of 30 diffusely adherent (DAEC), 30 enteropathogenic, 30 enteroaggregative, and five Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) colonization factors (CFs) were evaluated by a dot-blot assay using 21 CF-specific monoclonal antibodies. Out of 95 non-ETEC strains, th ree DAEC were found to express coli surface antigen 20 (CS20). No other E. coli expressed CFs. We confirmed the three CS20-positive strains as ETEC-negative by repeat PCR and as toxin-negative by ganglioside-GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has identified currently recognized CFs in non-ETEC diarrheagenic E. coli strains identified using molecular methods. CFs may be an unrecognized relevant adherence factor in other E. coli, which may then play a role in pathogenesis and the immune response of the host., Published in FEMS lmmunology and Med Microbiology, v60 p186-189, 2010.

Published
2010

11. Association of rns homologs with colonization factor antigens in clinical Escherichia coli isolates

Author

J B Kaper, June R. Scott, J Caron, and D R Maneval

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Restriction Mapping, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Antigen, Escherichia coli, Homologous chromosome, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, Humans, Colonization, Gene, Antigens, Bacterial, biology, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Enterobacteriaceae, Phenotype, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Bacterial, Parasitology, Fimbriae Proteins, DNA Probes, Bacteria, Research Article, Plasmids
Abstract

rns is a trans-acting positive regulatory factor required for expression of the colonization factor antigen II (CFA/II) antigens CS1 and CS2 (J. Caron, L. M. Coffield, and J. R. Scott, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:963-967, 1989). All 35 CFA/II-positive strains hybridized with a rns gene probe, as did all 10 CFA/I strains and all 4 CS4 strains. Hybridization with rns was detected in 25% of non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains and was not detected in enteric pathogens with low G + C content.

Published
1990
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12. Antibody responses against Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin and colonization factor antigens I and II in Argentinian children

Author

M. Quiroga, R. Cinto, M. Rivas, Ann-Mari Svennerholm, N. Binsztein, G. Basanta, and M. Vergara

Subjects
Diarrhea, Bacterial Toxins, Argentina, Enterotoxin, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, Enterotoxins, Feces, Bacterial Proteins, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, Escherichia coli, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Prospective Studies, Escherichia coli Infections, Antigens, Bacterial, biology, Escherichia coli Proteins, Antibody titer, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Antibodies, Bacterial, Titer, Infectious Diseases, Antibody response, Child, Preschool, Immunology, biology.protein, Fimbriae Proteins, Antibody, Water Microbiology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Serum antibody responses against Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and colonization factor antigens (CFAs) I and II were studied in 84 children < 5 years old living in two communities. These villages differed in the quality of their drinking water. Children from both communities developed significantly increased antibody titers against LT and CFA/II but not against CFA/I during 3 months of follow-up. The magnitude of the anti-LT response was significantly higher in children from Zaiman than in those from Las Dolores. Antibody titers rose to maximum levels during the second year of age and reached relatively constant levels in children aged 2-5 years, probably due to repeated exposure to enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. Antibody levels of 30 children were followed for 2 years; increases in anti-LT and anti-CFA titers varied in the different age groups.

Published
1995

13. The Binding of Bacteria Carrying CFAs and Putative CFAs to Rabbit Intestinal Brush Border Membranes

Author

Jan Holmgren, Christine Wennerås, Ann-Mari Svennerholm, and Moyra M. McConnell

Subjects
Human intestine, biology, Brush border, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, complex mixtures, digestive system diseases, Microbiology, Membrane, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, medicine, Colonization factor antigens, Colonization, Bacteria
Abstract

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC, colonize the human intestine by means of fimbrial structures called colonization factor antigens, CFAs. On human ETEC strains three different types of CFAs have been described, i.e. the colonization factor antigens I, (CFA/I), CFA/II and CFA/IV. In addition a number of “new” putative colonization factor antigens have been identified, e.g. PCF0166, CS7, CS17 and CFA/III [M.M McConnell, this volume] although their prevalence and role in colonization have not been fully assessed.

Published
1991
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15. Evidence That The N-Terminal Amino Acid Sequence Of Pilus Colonization Factor Antigen Iii Produced By Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Is Similar To That Of Tcpa Pilin Of Vibrio Cholerae [X]

Author

Michiko Arita, Tooru Taniguchi, Minoru Sato, Takeshi Honda, Toshio Miwatani, and Koichiro Yamamoto

Subjects
biology, Chemistry, Bacterial Fimbria, medicine.disease_cause, Pilus, Microbiology, Colonization factor antigen III, Infectious Diseases, Vibrio cholerae, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Pilin, medicine, biology.protein, Colonization factor antigens, Immunology and Allergy, Peptide sequence
Published
1994
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16. Safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization factor antigens encapsulated in biodegradable polymer microspheres

Author

Genevieve Losonsky, Robert H. Reid, E. Edelman, Hitesh R. Bhagat, R G Russell, Carol O. Tacket, Myron M. Levine, D. Lewis, and Edgar C. Boedeker

Subjects
Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Infectious Diseases, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Chemistry, Immunogenicity, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Colonization factor antigens, Molecular Medicine, Biodegradable polymer, Microbiology, Microsphere
Published
1992
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18. A plasmid coding for the production of colonisation factor antigen I and heat-stable enterotoxin in strains ofEscherichia coliof serogroup O78

Author

Sylvia M. Scotland, R. J. Gross, B. Rowe, H. R. Smith, Moyra M. McConnell, Geraldine A. Willshaw, and A. Cravioto

Subjects
Enterotoxin, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Colonisation, Plasmid, Antigen, Genetics, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, Heat-stable enterotoxin, Molecular Biology, Escherichia coli
Published
1979
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19. The possession of coli surface antigen CS6 by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli of serogroups O25, O27, O148, and O159: a possible colonization factor?

Author

L V Thomas, Moyra M. McConnell, Sylvia M. Scotland, and Bernard Rowe

Subjects
Serotype, General Medicine, Enterotoxin, Biology, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Virology, Enterobacteriaceae, Antigen, medicine, Colonization factor antigens, Colonization, Escherichia coli, Bacteria
Abstract

A total of 134 enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC) of serogroups O25, O27, O148, and O159 were tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the colonization factor antigens I (CFA/I), CFA/II (coli surface antigens CS1, 2 and 3) and putative colonization factor (PCF) 8775 (CS4, 5 and 6). CS6 was detected without CS4 or CS5 in 94% of the strains of serogroup O25, 86% of strains of serogroup O27, 87% of strains of serogroup O148, and 29% of strains of serogroup, O159. The frequency with which CS6 occurs in ETEC of common serotypes without the antigens CS4 or CS5 suggests that it might be a colonization factor.

Published
1986
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20. Analysis of parameters affecting the hemagglutination activity of Escherichia coli possessing colonization factor antigens: improved medium for observing erythrocyte agglutination

Author

I Zajac, P Actor, D M Sedlock, and H F Bartus

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Hemagglutination, Cations, Divalent, Guinea Pigs, medicine.disease_cause, Ferric Compounds, Escherichia coli, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ferrous Compounds, Antigens, Bacterial, Chromatography, Strain (chemistry), biology, Chemistry, Osmolar Concentration, Temperature, Hemagglutination Tests, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Low ionic strength, Agglutination (biology), Biochemistry, Ionic strength, Cattle, Chickens, Bacteria, Research Article
Abstract

The hemagglutination (HA) activity of two strains of Escherichia coli, each possessing different colonization factor antigens (CFA), was examined under different test conditions. The effects of ionic strength, temperature, pH, cations, and reaction surface on erythrocyte (RBC) agglutination were analyzed. Strain H-10407 (CFA/I) caused the agglutination of human, bovine, and chicken RBC, whereas strain CL-9699 (CFA/II) agglutinated only bovine and chicken RBC. The HA activity of both strains increased with decreasing ionic strength, pH, and temperature, the effects of temperature being negligible at low ionic strength. When accounting for ionic strength, the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, or Fe3+ ions did not increase the HA activity of these bacteria. Optimum conditions for HA of reactive RBC by bacteria included low ionic strength (less than 50 mM) and slightly acidic pH (6.0 to 7.0). Use of a low-ionic-strength medium permitted application of microtitration methods to visualize the HA reactions. Storage of RBC in low-ionic-strength medium did not change their HA properties, and the use of this medium proved superior to saline in overcoming HA variation observed with different preparations of RBC.

Published
1981
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21. Hydrophobic adsorptive and hemagglutinating properties ofEscherichia coli possessing colonization factor antigens (CFA/I or CFA/II), type 1 pili, or other pili

Author

Torkel Wadström, John H. Freer, and Ahmed Faris

Subjects
Sonication, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography, General Medicine, Biology, Trypsin, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Pilus, Phenyl sepharose, Mutant strain, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hydrophobic and hemagglutinating activities of piliated enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli possessing colonization factor antigens (CFA)/I and putative CFA/II, strains with type 1 pili, and piliated strains of nonenterotoxigenicE. coli from urinary tract infections were compared. When passed through columns of hydrophobic Phenyl Sepharose in the presence of buffered ammonium sulfate, the strains with CFA adsorbed most strongly. Similarly, the CFA strains showed a tendency to autoagglutinate at a lower (NH4)2SO4 concentration than the other strains studied. The degree of hydrophobicity of the strains tested is in the order CFA/I>CFA/II>type 1 pili>urinary tract strains. Rough variants ofE. coli strains were more hydrophobic than their smooth parents. Electron microscopy showed large numbers of pili on CFA strains, whereas type 1 piliated strains possessed fewer pili. CFA-negative clones possessed few or no, pili and did not adsorb to the gel. A highly piliated mutant strain (PAK/2PfS) ofPseudomonas aeruginosa bound to the Phenyl Sepharose while the poorly piliated wild-type strains did not. Strains, lost their adsorptive capacity after blending, sonication, heating, or trypsin treatment. It is concluded that the hydrophobicity of enteric organisms, as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, is a function of the type and number of pili on the cell surface.

Published
1981
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22. Colonization Factor Antigens and a New Fimbrial Type, CFA/V, on O115:H40 and H- Strains of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Central Australia

Author

Janice A. Lanser, Paul A. Manning, Geoffrey D. Higgins, and Richard Lumb

Subjects
Diarrhea, Antigens, Bacterial, Australia, Hemagglutination Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Microbiology, Enterotoxins, Feces, Infectious Diseases, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli, Colonization factor antigens, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Fimbriae Proteins, Serotyping, Child, Escherichia coli Infections
Published
1987
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24. Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells

Author

Luiz Rachid Trabulsi, Isabel C. A. Scaletsky, and M L Silva

Subjects
Immunology, Cell, Mannose, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, HeLa, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Colonization factor antigens, Escherichia coli, Humans, Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, biology, Adhesiveness, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Parasitology, Female, Bacteria, Research Article, HeLa Cells
Abstract

We showed that Escherichia coli strains attach to HeLa cells in two different patterns. In one, the bacteria cover the whole surface of the cell (diffuse adherence), and in the other, attachment is limited to one or a few sites of the cell surface (localized adherence). Among the enteropathogenic strains, serogroups O55, O86, O11ab, O119, O125, O128ab, and O142 usually showed localized adherence when tested in the presence of D-mannose. Localized adherence was not shown either by E. coli strains isolated from urine or by enteroinvasive and enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. Some of these strains showed diffuse adherence. Some strains of serogroups O55, O111, and O119 showed both localized and diffuse adherence in the same preparation. Mannose-resistant adherence was not related to colonization factor antigens.

Published
1984

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