110 results on '"Community Bank"'
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2. The impact of the Paycheck Protection Program on the risk-taking behaviour of US banks.
- Author
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Filomeni, Stefano
- Subjects
CORONAVIRUS Aid, Relief & Economic Security Act (U.S.) ,COMMERCIAL real estate ,REAL estate business ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business ,ECONOMIC stimulus ,LOANS ,COMMUNITY banks ,SMALL business loans - Abstract
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic placed many small businesses across the US in financial distress. In response to this, in March 2020 the US government introduced, as part of the CARES Act, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) intended to provide relief to small businesses and to preserve jobs during the pandemic. The latter resulted in three waves of funding distributed to small businesses through SBA approved lenders, mainly represented by US banks. By using a panel dataset of 4610 banks over the period Q1 2019–Q4 2020 and by employing a difference-in-differences approach (DiD), I investigate whether participation in the Paycheck Protection Program affected community banks' credit risk-taking behaviour in the post-PPP period, compared to their non-community banking counterparts in the US. I find that the Paycheck Protection Program led community banks to decrease their risk appetite outside of the program relative to non-community banks, consistent with their greater exposure to the commercial real estate sector, heavily hit by the pandemic. My results are robust to a battery of robustness tests and identification strategies. In this research article, I offer novel evidence on the indirect impact of the Paycheck Protection Program as a government-funded stimulus program administered through banks by investigating the indirect effect of the Paycheck Protection Program on the risk-taking of US community banks that dominate lending of PPP loans as a result of their competitive advantage in soft information-intensive small business lending. Such evidence is informative to policymakers as they weigh the merits of various program options to combat the economic damage imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and as they consider the design of economic stimulus programs in response to future economic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Struggle to survive: case of flood risk on US community banks
- Author
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Oh, Nyonho and Kim, Kevin Nooree
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. From Community Bank to Solidarity Fintech: The Case of Palmas e-Dinheiro in Brazil
- Author
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Ansorena, Asier, Diniz, Eduardo H., Siqueira, Erica S., Pozzebon, Marlei, Walker, Thomas, editor, McGaughey, Jane, editor, Goubran, Sherif, editor, and Wagdy, Nadra, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. TRANSFORMASI GOOD FAITH PRINCIPLE DALAM HUKUM PERBANKAN KHUSUSNYA BPR: PERSPEKTIF LOKAL NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL
- Author
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Retno Murni, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan, and Putu Aras Samsithawrati
- Subjects
transformation ,good faith principle ,banking law ,community bank ,multi-perspectives ,Law - Abstract
Abstract The Good faith principle as stated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code, has not been maximally implemented in BPR credit agreements, so it is important to review the transformation of good faith principle of the Civil Code in banking provisions, especially BPR in realizing sound credit. The research uses normative juridical legal methods. The results of the study show that the transformation of the principle of good faith stated in the Civil Code has not been explicitly stated in the provisions of banking law in Indonesia. The existence of principle of good faith explicitly only exists in Article 1338 Paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. Meanwhile, in the provisions of the Banking Law the existence of the principle of good faith is only implied by the principle of economic democracy by using the precautionary principle that is applied carefully and in good faith, as well as the principles of trust and confidence in good ability, ability, intention and morals from customers or the community in returning credit. The transformation of the principle of good faith should be clearly stated in the norm structure into the Banking Law and other related banking legal provisions. Abstrak Good faith principle sebagaimana tercantum pada Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUHPerdata, belum diimplementasikan secara maksimal dalam perjanjian kredit BPR, sehingga penting mengkaji transformasi asas itikad baik KUH Perdata dalam ketentuan perbankan khususnya BPR dalam mewujudkan perkreditan yang sehat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Transformasi asas itikad baik yang tercantum dalam KUHPerdata belum secara eksplisit ternormakan dalam ketentuan hukum perbankan di Indonesia. Keberadaan asas Itikad baik secara eksplisit hanya eksis dalam Pasal 1338 Ayat (3) KUHPerdata. Sementara itu, dalam ketentuan Undang-Undang Perbankan keberadaan asas itikad baik hanya tersirat dari asas demokrasi ekonomi dengan menggunakan prinsip kehati-hatian yang diterapkan secara hati-hati dan itikad baik, serta prinsip kepercayaan dan keyakinan akan kemampuan, kesanggupan, itikad serta akhlak yang baik dari nasabah atau masyarakat dalam mengembalikan kredit. Transformasi asas itikad baik sebaiknya dituangkan dalam struktur norma secara tegas ke dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan dan ketentuan hukum perbankan terkait lainnya. more...
- Published
- 2019
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6. Managerial implications of off-balance sheet items in community banks
- Author
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Mckee, Gregory and Kagan, Albert
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Effect of Allowance for Bad Debt Loss to the Level of Profitability
- Author
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Nurdiansyah Dian Hakip and Manda Gusganda Suria
- Subjects
community bank ,allowance for bad debt ,profitability ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Local Bank (BPR) as one of the financial institutions in Indonesia in carrying out its activities collecting funds from the public in the form of savings and deposits and channeling back the funds collected through the provision of credit. This study aims to determine, describe and explain the Effect of Allowance for Bad Debt to the Level of Profitability in Subang BPR of Pabuaran Branch. The method used is descriptive method, and testing of the data - the data studied. The data used is data from the financial statements of PD BPR Subang of Pabuaran Branch in 2012 to 2015 with a monthly ratio reports. Any increase in the value of allowance for bad debt (X) of 1% would cause a rise in the value of profitability level in terms of the comparison of operating cost with operating income (Y) of 0.333% and vice versa. The conclusion is the level of allowance for bad debt does not significantly affect the level of profitability as measured by the comparison of operating expenses to operating income. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Community Banks and Lending Technologies: Evidence from the Italian Retail Market
- Author
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Milani, Carlo, Molyneux, Philip, Series editor, and Miklaszewska, Ewa, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The CDFI Industry: Its Origins and Development
- Author
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Greer, James L., Gonzales, Oscar, Greer, James L., and Gonzales, Oscar
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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10. The Impact of Sarbanes–Oxley and Dodd–Frank Legislation on Loan Loss Provisioning in US Banks.
- Author
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McKee, Gregory and Kagan, Albert
- Subjects
LOAN loss reserves ,DODD-Frank Wall Street Reform & Consumer Protection Act ,NONPERFORMING loans - Abstract
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 and the 2010 Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (DFA) were passed to address weaknesses in the internal control environment of the firm. Elements of these Acts reduce risky behavior of financial institutions by reducing informational asymmetry with borrowers. An important element of managing earnings quality in financial institutions is the loss provision, an annual expense set aside for uncollected loan and lease payments. These Acts affect the selection of loss provision expense levels in distinct ways. Using a dataset of community bank financial information observed between 1998 and 2017, it is shown that banks experience a complementary effect between SOX and DFA on loss provision expenses. Improved governance procedures to establish policy responses to nonperforming loans result in reduced expenses, whereas reduced information asymmetry tends to enhance a moral hazard effect. These results show that incentives for firm growth, income, capital, and loan specialization under the SOX and DFA regulatory environments complicate the loan risk management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Palmas to E-Dinheiro! Clapping the Digital Evolution of a Local Social Currency.
- Author
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Kemmer Cernev, Adrian and Henrique Diniz, Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL evolution , *MONEY , *BUSINESS planning , *MOBILE commerce , *COMMUNITY banks - Abstract
This teaching case addresses the digitization of the local social currency Palmas, issued since the beginning of the years 2000 as a paper currency by Banco Palmas, to a new hybrid model of mobile payments and mobile money, named E-Dinheiro. This is a social development and financial inclusion venture in Brazil, having already great national and international recognition. By telling the history of the community bank and some of its initiatives, this case intends to demonstrate the innovation process in a social fintech, addressing issues such as governance, platform management, information technology, business models and strategy. However, as its business model spreads to other community banks, new challenges emerge to ensure the growth and longevity of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. MUMBUCA É DINHEIRO.
- Author
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KEMMER CERNEV, ADRIAN
- Abstract
Copyright of GVcasos: Revista Brasileira de Casos de Ensino em Administração is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2019
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13. Keeping Your Relationship Personal : When the Honeymoon Is Over
- Author
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Kiisel, Ty and Kiisel, Ty
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Regulation and Performance of Ghana’s Multi-tiered Rural and Microfinance Industry
- Author
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Steel, William F., Manos, Ronny, editor, Gueyié, Jean-Pierre, editor, and Yaron, Jacob, editor
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Branch Banking and Trust: Community Banking Based on Core Values — Can It Survive?
- Author
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Snyder, Stephanie A., Griffin, Jennifer J., Spitzeck, Heiko, editor, Pirson, Michael, editor, and Dierksmeier, Claus, editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Fighting Back: Managing Subordination, Becoming Americans
- Author
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Mitra, Diditi and Mitra, Diditi
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Lure of Leveraging: Wall Street, Congress, and the Invisible Government
- Author
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Leach, James A. and Tatom, John A., editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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18. A case study on loan loss analysis of a community bank
- Author
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Weiping Li and Philip McMahan
- Subjects
Community bank ,Loan grade ,Facility rating matrix ,Term structure of the loss ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
In this paper, we perform a case study on a community bank from the aspect of the terms structure of the banks historical loan losses and the loan quality rating matrix used by the bank. The data source is from a small rural community bank located in a Midwestern state of the United States. The basic statistical analysis of the loan losses that is based on the banks internal loan quality rating system is presented. more...
- Published
- 2015
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19. Banco Palmas: inclusão e desenvolvimento local.
- Author
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Cerci Mostagi, Nicole, de Lima Pires, Lilian, de Lima Pereira Mahnic, Chayne, and dos Santos, Luís Miguel Luzio
- Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the emergence and trajectory of the Palmas Project, its social currency, results and limitations. Using a qualitative approach, we sought to present the specificities of the Palmas Community Bank and its local implications. The results indicate the importance of the Palmas Bank and its social currency as a mechanism of local empowerment and an impulse to generate work and income for the most vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Características físicas de sementes de milho crioulo da Paraíba.
- Author
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do Nascimento Silva, Semirames, de Oliveira Gurjão, Katia Cristina, de Assis Cardoso Almeida, Francisco, Maceió da Silva, Raphaela, Barbosa da Silva, Polyana, and Firmino Romão da Silva, Luís Paulo
- Abstract
The development of local and regional seed banks as well as the subsequent evaluation of their quality are one of the alternatives that can prevent or minimize the loss of the biodiversity of creole seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of Creole corn seeds stored in the Regional Seed Bank of the Caiana Community in Soledade, Paraiba. In the Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products of the Federal University of Campina Grande, seeds were submitted to physical analysis: water content, thousand seeds weight, seed mass, apparent density, real density, porosity, seed volume, color L*, a*, b*, Chroma C*and darkening index. The Jaboatão maize variety had a higher water content, a thousand seeds weight, grain mass, bulk density and grain volume and the Adelaide variety greater porosity and luminosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. THE EFFECT OF ALLOWANCE FOR BAD DEBT LOSS TO THE LEVEL OF PROFITABILITY (Case Study in Local Bank Indonesia).
- Author
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Dian Hakip Nurdiansyah and Gusganda Suria Manda
- Subjects
COMMUNITY banks ,FINANCIAL institution management ,PROFITABILITY - Abstract
Local Bank (BPR) as one of the financial institutions in Indonesia in carrying out its activities collecting funds from the public in the form of savings and deposits and channeling back the funds collected through the provision of credit. This study aims to determine, describe and explain the Effect of Allowance for Bad Debt to the Level of Profitability in Subang BPR of Pabuaran Branch. The method used is descriptive method, and testing of the data - the data studied. The data used is data from the financial statements of PD BPR Subang of Pabuaran Branch in 2012 to 2015 with a monthly ratio reports. Any increase in the value of allowance for bad debt (X) of 1% would cause a rise in the value of profitability level in terms of the comparison of operating cost with operating income (Y) of 0.333% and vice versa. The conclusion is the level of allowance for bad debt does not significantly affect the level of profitability as measured by the comparison of operating expenses to operating income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Conclusion: Towards a Socialist Public Sphere
- Author
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Roberts, John Michael and Roberts, John Michael
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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23. Financial Innovation, Organizations, and Small Business Lending
- Author
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Udell, Gregory F., Zazzaro, Alberto, editor, Fratianni, Michele, editor, and Alessandrini, Pietro, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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24. Living Between Myths: Experiences at Wells Fargo Bank
- Author
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Boje, David M., Adorisio, Anna Linda Musacchio, and Kostera, Monika, editor
- Published
- 2008
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25. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
- Author
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Clark, Heather A.
- Published
- 2006
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26. Exploring the 'Marketspace'
- Author
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Clark, Heather A.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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27. Financial Exclusion in the US
- Author
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Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., Molyneux, Philip, Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., and Molyneux, Philip
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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28. Tackling Financial Exclusion in the UK
- Author
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Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., Molyneux, Philip, Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., and Molyneux, Philip
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Nature, Consequences and Policy Reactions: An Overview
- Author
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Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., Molyneux, Philip, Carbó, Santiago, Gardener, Edward P. M., and Molyneux, Philip
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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30. Introduction
- Author
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De Laurentis, Giacomo and De Laurentis, Giacomo, editor
- Published
- 2005
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31. The evolution of the Federal Reserve’s Term Auction Facility and FDIC-insured bank utilization.
- Author
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Allen, Kyle D., Hein, Scott E., and Whitledge, Matthew D.
- Abstract
The Term Auction Facility (TAF) was designed by the Federal Reserve during the financial crisis to inject emergency short-term funds into banks, as a supplement to the lender of last resort discount window offerings. We describe how the Federal Reserve altered the design of the Term Auction Facility (TAF) over the course of the financial crisis and examine the utilization of this stand-alone facility. Most specifically we detail the impact of the greatly increased offering amounts in all auctions after October 2008, which resulted in the facility no longer auctioning scarcely available funds. We also document significantly different usage of the facility by FDIC-insured community and non-community banks, consistent with the notion of a two-tiered banking system in the U.S. Community banks were far less likely to use the facility than larger, non-community banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
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32. UK and US Banking: Similarities and Differences
- Author
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Rogers, David and Rogers, David
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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33. Rural Lending by Projects: Another Cycle of Unsustainable Interventions in Credit Markets? An Analysis of Case Studies in Central America
- Author
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Clemens, Harry, Wattel, Cor, de Groot, Jan P., editor, and Ruben, Ruerd, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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34. The Political Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Costa Rica
- Author
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Macdonald, Laura and Macdonald, Laura
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Banco Palmas: inclusión y desarrollo local
- Author
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Luis Miguel Luzio dos Santos, Lilian de Lima Pires, Nicole Cerci Mostagi, and Chayne de Lima Pereira Mahnic
- Subjects
community bank ,banque communautaire ,H1-99 ,05 social sciences ,microcrédito ,solidarity economy ,020207 software engineering ,banco comunitário ,02 engineering and technology ,economia solidária ,Social sciences (General) ,l'économie solidaire ,Banco Palmas ,Palmas Bank ,economía solidaria ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,microcredit ,microcrédit ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050107 human factors ,Banque Palmas - Abstract
Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva analisar o surgimento e a trajetória do Projeto Palmas, sua moeda social, seus avanços e limitações. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa, buscou-se apresentar as especificidades do Banco Comunitário Palmas e suas implicações no contexto em que está inserido. Os resultados indicam a importância do Banco Palmas e da moeda social circulante como mecanismo de empoderamento local e impulso para a geração de trabalho e renda para as populações mais fragilizadas. Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the emergence and trajectory of the Palmas Project, its social currency, results and limitations. Using a qualitative approach, we sought to present the specificities of the Palmas Community Bank and its local implications. The results indicate the importance of the Palmas Bank and its social currency as a mechanism of local empowerment and an impulse to generate work and income for the most vulnerable populations. Résumé: Ce travail a pour but d'analyser l'émergence et la trajectoire du Palmas projet, sa monnaie sociale, ses progrès et ses limites. En utilisant une approche qualitative, nous avons essayé de présenter les spécificités de la Banque communautaire Palmas et ses implications dans le contexte dans lequel il apparaît. Les résultats indiquent l'importance de la Banque Palmas et monnaie sociale en tant que mécanismes de l'autonomie locale et conduisent à générer des emplois et des revenus pour les populations les plus vulnérables. Resumen: Este trabajo objetiva analizar el surgimiento y la trayectoria del Proyecto Palmas, su moneda social, sus avances y limitaciones. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo, se buscó presentar las especificidades del Banco Comunitario Palmas y sus implicaciones en el contexto en que está inserto. Los resultados indican la importancia del Banco Palmas y de la moneda social circulante como mecanismos de empoderamiento local e impulso para la generación de trabajo y renta para las poblaciones más fragilizadas. more...
- Published
- 2019
36. Palmas para o E-Dinheiro! A Evolução Digital de uma Moeda Social Local
- Author
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Cernev, Adrian Kemmer and Diniz, Eduardo Henrique
- Subjects
community bank ,financial inclusion ,information technology ,moeda social ,inclusão financeira ,banco comunitário ,social currency ,tecnologia de informação ,pagamentos móveis ,mobile payment - Abstract
This teaching case addresses the digitization of the local social currency Palmas, issued since the beginning of the years 2000 as a paper currency by Banco Palmas, to a new hybrid model of mobile payments and mobile money, named E-Dinheiro. This is a social development and financial inclusion venture in Brazil, having already great national and international recognition. By telling the history of the community bank and some of its initiatives, this case intends to demonstrate the innovation process in a social fintech, addressing issues such as governance, platform management, information technology, business models and strategy. However, as its business model spreads to other community banks, new challenges emerge to ensure the growth and longevity of the project. Este caso de ensino aborda a digitalização da moeda social local Palmas, emitida desde o início dos anos 2000 em papelmoeda pelo Banco Palmas, para um novo modelo híbrido de mobile payments e mobile money, denominado E-Dinheiro. Trata-se de um empreendimento de desenvolvimento social e de inclusão financeira com amplo reconhecimento nacional e internacional. Ao contar a história do banco comunitário e algumas de suas iniciativas, pretende-se demonstrar o processo de inovação em uma fintech social, abordando questões de governança, gestão de plataformas, aspectos tecnológicos, modelos e estratégia de negócio. Entretanto, com a propagação do seu modelo de negócio para outros bancos comunitários, novos desafios se colocam para o crescimento e a perenidade do empreendimento. more...
- Published
- 2020
37. Community bank liquidity: Natural disasters as a natural experiment.
- Author
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Allen, Kyle D., Whitledge, Matthew D., and Winters, Drew B.
- Abstract
We examine how community banks respond to liquidity shocks created by natural disasters. We address community banks' responses to liquidity shocks due to their focused geographic and economic presence, which coincide with their communities' exposure to the disasters and the ability of the local banks to meet their needs. We find that community banks respond to liquidity shocks by managing their balance sheet, rather than any single balance sheet account. In particular, we find that they respond to the liquidity needs of their communities by increasing loans as deposits are withdrawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Organization strategic orientation: Special focus on Community banks and Generation Z
- Author
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Sukkar, Abdul Aziz, Hawasli, Omar, Al-samman, Sam, Sukkar, Abdul Aziz, Hawasli, Omar, and Al-samman, Sam
- Abstract
Research Question: What is the strategic orientation that community banks in Sweden adopt? What are the Gen Z preferences concerning these strategic orientations? Purpose: By using two different methodological approaches, the objective of this study is to answer two questions concerning the organization’s strategic orientation. Essentially, the authors have conducted a qualitative study to explore the strategic orientation which community banks in Sweden adopt. Additionally, a quantitative survey has been carried out to surface the generation Z's preferences on the question of strategic orientation. Method: The research methodology steering this thesis will be conducted using the research onion model. This implies that the methodology will be divided into layers including, the research approaches, the research strategy, the research choice, the time horizon of the study, as well as the techniques and procedures concerning the data collection and data analysis. Eventually, the authors discuss the quality criteria by referring to the interview’s credibility, confirmability, transferability, dependability, and the survey’s reliability and validity and applicability. Conclusion: The findings derived from an interview with the three managers have shown that community banks in Sweden adopt brand orientation, whereas the empirical findings have revealed that generation Z has hybrid orientation, meaning that generation preferences are located in the middle ground between the brand orientation and market orientation. more...
- Published
- 2020
39. Bank market structure and entrepreneurship.
- Author
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Rogers, Tammy
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,ECONOMIC competition ,COMMUNITY banks - Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of bank market structure differences within U.S. states on entrepreneurial activity. A panel model is used to evaluate differences in new firm starts within the states relative to the bank market structure and competition. The results indicate that states with more small banks, as measured by the number of unit banks, and banks with more branch locations contribute to new firm creation. Overall competition, as measured by the total number of banking institutions, has a negative effect on firm creation. There is limited evidence that bank failures also have a negative impact on firm creation within the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Do tax benefits conferred to Sub-S banks affect their deposit or loan rates?
- Author
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Depken, Craig A., Hollans, Harris, and Swidler, Steve
- Subjects
ECONOMIC competition ,BANK loans ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,TAXATION ,INTEREST rates ,TAX benefits ,BANK customers ,COMMUNITY banks - Abstract
Abstract: Positive economics predicts that Sub-S banks, with no taxes paid at the corporate level, will price their products lower than otherwise identical C corporation banks in a competitive environment. Alternatively, if banks price bundle their products, Sub-S tax benefits might have little (no) effect on product rates. The empirical analysis finds that Sub-S deposit (loan) rates are equal to or lower (higher) than similar C corporation bank rates. Thus, there is little evidence of any tax benefits accruing to Sub-S bank customers. In contrast, tax-exempt credit unions do offer higher deposit rates and lower loan rates than C corporation banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Developing a Quality of Life Measure to Assess the Impact of Community Services: The Case of Australian Community Banks.
- Author
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Walker, Rhett H., Byrne, Graeme, and Johnson, Lester W.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY banks ,QUALITY of life ,MARKETING ,PUBLIC welfare ,CONSUMER goods ,ECONOMIC development ,CREDIT unions ,MORTGAGES - Abstract
This article reports on findings of a study designed to develop and test measures suitable to assessing the perceived comparative contribution of Australian community banks and other more conventional banks to communities served, and the perceived impact of these banks on the well-being and quality of life of individuals who reside in those communities. Findings reveal that perceptions of the contribution of community banks to the sense of community and individual well being are significantly more favorable than those of more conventional banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cooperative, community-spirited and commercial: social sustainability at Bendigo Bank.
- Author
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Stubbs, Wendy and Cocklin, Chris
- Subjects
COMMUNITY development banks ,BANKING industry ,SUSTAINABLE development ,STOCKHOLDERS ,CAPITAL ,CASE studies ,COMMUNITY development ,FINANCE - Abstract
Using a case study approach, this article examines how an Australian bank supports and invests in social sustainability using a community development approach. Bendigo Bank's community engagement model (CEM) is consistent with a stakeholder perspective of the firm. The CEM is a hybrid model drawing on commercial principles, such as the for-profit shareholder-ownership structure, and community development values, such as trust, loyalty, integrity, volunteerism, cooperation and community spirit. The CEM contributes to community development by retaining local capital through a revenue-share arrangement, which is used to invest in further community enhancement initiatives. The success of Bendigo Bank's CEM indicates that the ‘collaborative commerce’ model could be used as a design guideline for other organizations seeking to improve their social sustainability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Do Community Banks Benefit from Diversification?
- Author
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Stiroh, Kevin J.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY banks ,BANKERS ,BANKING industry ,FINANCIAL services industry ,BANK loans ,EXECUTIVES - Abstract
This paper examines the link between diversification and risk-adjusted performance for small community banks. The results show diversification benefits within broad activity classes, but not between them. Specific business lines are linked with very different ex post outcomes, however, so the mix of activities is also important. In particular, an increased focus on noninterest income-generating activities is associated with declines in risk- adjusted performance, as are commercial and industrial lending and trading. This is a potential dark side of the search to diversify as managers may enter businesses where they have little experience or comparative advantage. A final set of results shows significant differences in the determinants of risk-adjusted performance for community banks relative to larger banks, which suggests that a competitive opportunity remains for community banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. COVID-19 Impacts on Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Banks
- Author
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Ahrendsen, Bruce L., Yeager, Timothy J., and Fan, Cao
- Subjects
Agricultural Finance ,Agricultural Bank ,Community Bank ,COVID-19 Crisis ,Loan Chargeoff ,Financial Economics - Abstract
Summary: The uncertainty of the COVID-19 crisis is exposing community banks to a severe adverse shock that is arguably greater than the 2008 financial crisis. A stress test for the 1,671 agricultural banks and 2,261 non-agricultural banks in the United States is completed to provide an estimate of the potential effect of the COVID-19 crisis on bank financial status for 2000-2024. The stress test applies chargeoff rates derived from banks’ actual chargeoff rates for 2008 through 2012, which includes the recession and recovery following the financial crisis. The chargeoff rates applied to each bank in a local market are taken from the 90th percentile chargeoff rates for all banks in the market. Non-agricultural banks are projected by the simulation to be more adversely impacted than agricultural banks. A greater share of non-agricultural banks are expected to fail and to have lower profitability than the share of agricultural banks. A key assumption of the simulation is that agricultural loan chargeoff rates are less than non-agricultural loan chargeoff rates was the case during the 2008-2012 financial crisis. For this assumption to hold, it is implicitly assumed financial support will be provided to farmers and ranchers and the support when allocated and distributed will offset the negative impact from the COVID-19 shock experienced by farmers and ranchers. Without the support, more agricultural banks would be expected to have financial difficulties and fail. Moreover, if support is not allocated to match the parts of the agricultural sector most negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis, regional differences in the impact on agricultural banks are likely to emerge. more...
- Published
- 2020
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45. An investigation of cultural cohesion in a community bank.
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Payne, Bryce M., Nielsen, James F., and Tyran, Kristi Lewis
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CORPORATE culture ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,PERSONNEL management ,COMMUNITY banks ,BANKING industry ,CUSTOMER services ,TEAMS in the workplace ,VALUES (Ethics) ,FINANCIAL performance ,INTEGRITY ,INDUSTRIAL management - Abstract
This study examines the culture of a medium-sized community bank based in the Western United States. The study aims to identify the organization's culture and then measure the level of cultural cohesion that exists three years after a major cultural campaign was launched. The cultural characteristics the organization valued most highly were integrity, willingness to serve the customer and teamwork -- all components of the official bank document on culture. Interestingly, the analysis uncovered some significant value differences among different employee groups and also employees and management; differences which can affect firm performance levels. The analysis also revealed that changing the culture in an organization does not necessarily lead to cultural cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2002
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46. Características físicas de sementes de milho crioulo da Paraíba
- Author
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Silva, Semirames do Nascimento, Gurjão, Katia Cristina de Oliveira, Almeida, Francisco de Assis Cardoso, Silva, Raphaela Maceió da, Silva, Polyana Barbosa da, and Silva, Luís Paulo Firmino Romão da
- Subjects
Creole seeds ,Physical properties ,Banco comunitário ,Propriedades físicas ,Storage ,Sementes crioulas ,Armazenamento ,Community bank - Abstract
The development of local and regional seed banks as well as the subsequent evaluation of their quality are one of the alternatives that can prevent or minimize the loss of the biodiversity of creole seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of Creole corn seeds stored in the Regional Seed Bank of the Caiana Community in Soledade, Paraiba. In the Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products of the Federal University of Campina Grande, seeds were submitted to physical analysis: water content, thousand seeds weight, seed mass, apparent density, real density, porosity, seed volume, color L *, a *, b *, Chroma C * and darkening index. The Jaboatão maize variety had a higher water content, a thousand seeds weight, grain mass, bulk density and grain volume and the Adelaide variety greater porosity and luminosity. O desenvolvimento de bancos de sementes locais e regionais como também a posterior avaliação da qualidade delas configuram-se uma das alternativas que pode impedir ou minimizar a perda da biodiversidade de sementes crioulas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas de sementes de milho crioulo armazenadas no Banco de Sementes Regional da Comunidade Caiana em Soledade, Paraíba. No Laboratório de Armazenamento e Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, as sementes foram submetidas às análises físicas: teor de água, peso de mil sementes, massa das sementes, densidade aparente, densidade real, porosidade, volume das sementes, cor L*, a*, b*, Chroma C* e índice de escurecimento. A variedade de milho Jaboatão apresentou maior teor de água, peso de mil sementes, massa do grão, densidade aparente e volume do grão e a variedade Adelaide maior porosidade e luminosidade. more...
- Published
- 2018
47. A digital community bank: mapping negotiation mechanisms in its consolidation as an alternative to commercial banks
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Gomes Da Silva Hernandes, Eurídice, Siqueira, Erica Souza, Diniz, Eduardo Henrique, and Pozzebon, Marlei
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Digital Platform ,Social Currency ,Digital Payment ,Community Bank ,Mobile Payment ,Fintech - Abstract
This paper aims to map the negotiation mechanisms used by Banco Palmasin order to make Palmas Digital possible as a community digital bankin the Conjunto Palmeiras’ neighbourhood, state of Ceará,Brazil. Palmas Digital represents an alternative way to offerfinancial services in a network of community banks that was enabled bya digital payment platform called e-Dinheiro. Using a multilevelframework model proposed in Pozzebon & Diniz (2012), we seek tounderstand the interplay between different actors and technologicalartefacts in order to understand the "technology-in-practice", conceptdefined by Orlikowski (2000). The multilevel framework model was builtto understand social consequences of information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) interactions at a community level. more...
- Published
- 2018
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48. O paradoxo das Palmas: análise do (des)uso da moeda social no 'bairro da economia solidária'
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Ariádne Scalfoni Rigo and Genauto Carvalho de França Filho
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Moneda Social ,Banco de desarrollo local ,Social Currency ,05 social sciences ,Community Bank ,lcsh:Business ,Banco Palmas ,0506 political science ,Moeda Social ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,050207 economics ,Banco Comunitário ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Resumo Os diferentes contextos e usos de moedas sociais no cenário nacional e internacional têm estimulado estudiosos a buscar compreender as especificidades de cada experiência. A moeda social mais conhecida no Brasil, a Palmas, criada pelo Banco Palmas em Fortaleza, encontra- se atualmente em uma situação paradoxal: após quinze anos, sua circulação tem diminuído notavelmente entre os atores do território ao mesmo tempo que o consumo no bairro se mantém elevado. Neste trabalho investiga-se o circuito constituído pelo uso da Palmas para compreender seu fluxo no território e o progressivo processo de desuso. A reflexão sobre a experiência do uso da moeda social baseia-se, aqui, na noção de moeda da antropologia econômica e da teoria da dádiva. Para além da situação são propostas reflexões entendidas como pertinentes para pensar as moedas sociais dos Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento (BCDs) no país. As estratégias da pesquisa assumiram um caminho multimetodológico e estão resumidas em duas fases. A primeira consistiu numa imersão etnográfica no Banco Palmas em janeiro de 2012. A segunda fase consistiu no mapeamento detalhado do circuito monetário alternativo do território por meio da construção gráfica deste utilizando um software de análise de redes sociais. A reflexão delineada com base na investigação aponta para a construção de uma filosofia de uso das moedas sociais apoiada na confiança dos atores locais nas ações do Banco Palmas. No nível mais concreto, identifica-se que a manutençao do circuito tem ocorrido mais pela sua carga simbólica e política do que pela satisfação das necessidades econômicas. Abstract The use of social currency in national and international contexts has encouraged scholars to understand its specificities. The most known social currency in Brazil -Palmas - created by Banco Palmas in Fortaleza, presents a paradoxical situation: after fifteen years, its circulation has significantly decreased within its territory while the consumption remains high. This article investigates the circulation of Palmas to understand its flow in the territory and its gradual reduction of use. The article reflects on this experience based on the notion of currency from economic anthropology and from the theory of the gift. The analysis here goes beyond the case of Palmas and present insights able to contribute to the debate on social currency of the Community Development Banks (CDBs) in Brazil as a whole. The research strategies were multi-methodological and can be summarized in two phases. The first phase was an ethnographic immersion in Banco Palmas in January 2012. The second phase was the mapping of monetary circulation in the territory (network analysis tools were used). The results from this research indicate the construction of a philosophy of the use of social currencies by CDBs. The use of the social currency is supported by the confidence of local actors in the actions of Banco Palmas. On a more concrete level, it was identified that the circulation maintenance depends more on symbolic and political senses than on the satisfaction of economic needs. Resumen Los diferentes usos de la moneda social en los contextos nacionales e internacionales han estimulado a los estudiosos a intentar comprender sus especificidades. La moneda social más conocida en Brasil -denominada Palmas y creada por el Banco Palmas, en Fortaleza- presenta actualmente una situación paradójica: después de quince años, su circulación se ha reducido significativamente dentro del territorio, mientras que el consumo en general se mantiene alto. Este trabajo investiga el circuito constituido por el uso de la moneda Palmas para entender su flujo en el territorio y el proceso gradual de desuso. La reflexión sobre la experiencia del uso de la moneda social se basa, aquí, en la noción de moneda de la antropología económica y de la teoría de la dádiva. Más allá de la descripción de la situación, se proponen reflexiones pertinentes a las monedas sociales de los bancos de desarrollo local (BCD - Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento) en Brasil. Las estrategias de investigación fueron multimetodológicas y pueden resumirse en dos fases. La primera consistió en una inmersión etnográfica en el Banco Palmas, en enero de 2012. Y la segunda, en el mapeo detallado del circuito monetario alternativo en el territorio (con la utilización de un software de análisis de redes sociales). Los resultados de esta investigación indican la construcción de una filosofía de utilización de las monedas sociales apoyada en la confianza de los actores locales en las acciones del Banco Palmas. En un nivel más concreto, se identificó que el mantenimiento del circuito depende más de su peso simbólico y político que de la satisfacción de las necesidades económicas. more...
- Published
- 2017
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49. Japan's Lost Decades and a Women-led Socio-solidarity Economy.
- Author
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KITAZAWA, YOKO
- Subjects
- *
CAPITALISM , *NEOLIBERALISM , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *NONPROFIT organizations ,JAPANESE economic policy ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan - Abstract
Yoko Kitazawa examines the solidarity economies in Japan as a needed alternative to the failures of both government and neo-liberal capitalism. She describes the activities of different groups that are undertaking solidarity, with a focus on female farming entrepreneurs, consumers and non-profit organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Determinants of Audit Fees in Rural And Community Banks in Ghana: An Empirical Analysis
- Author
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YALLEY Mavis Patience, ANTWI Asante Henry, TAN Zhongming, and NAMINSE Eric Yaw
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Ghana ,Rural Bank ,health services administration ,parasitic diseases ,Community Bank ,Audit fees ,lcsh:Business ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 - Abstract
In Ghana, non-bank financial institutions, community and rural banks have had their fair share of financial scandals. Presently, the Bank of Ghana has introduced a policy that makes it compulsory for the accounts of all community, rural and non-bank financial institutions in Ghana to be audited by a recognized auditing and accounting entity. Despite the fact that this initiative has consolidated investor confidence in community and rural banks in Ghana, it has also come with a significant burden on the finances of such entities since audit fees in Ghana appear to be on the higher side compared to those in other West African countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This research examined the relationship between audit fees charged in community and rural banks and turnover, profit, total assets, employee number and auditor type on another hand. This study sampled data from 103 community and rural banks in Ghana with submitted audited accounts for the period 2012 to the ARB Apex Bank and the Bank of Ghana. The study findings suggest the existence of a significant relationship between the audit fees and all of the above factors but the direction of effect is not the same. An increase in total assets by one unit will increase the estimated audit fees while an increase in the employee number by one unit (one employee) will likewise increase the estimated audit fee. However, within the context of auditing in rural and community banks in Ghana an increase in the profit by one unit will decrease the estimated audit fees and then being audited by one of the Big four(4) auditing firms (namely PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte & Touche Tohmatsu Limited, Ernst & Young (EY) and KPMG) will decrease the estimated audit fees. more...
- Published
- 2013
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