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Miami has come a long way from its well-known Cocaine Cowboy and Miami Vice days during the past 30 years. As of 2019, the crime rate was down almost 70%. [...]

Community-based monitoring (CBM) is receiving much attention from the research community, particularly in Arctic and Subarctic regions of Canada and other circumpolar regions. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the trends and patterns in its use within the literature and a documented need to improve environmental CBM efforts in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. A systematic literature review was conducted of CBM publications in peer-reviewed and grey literature to provide a synthesis of trends on the topic and to clarify key elements that are needed to operate an environmental CBM program in Arctic and Subarctic regions. Both sets of literature show a significant growth in the publication of CBM studies over time, with a high proportion of research taking place in North America and in the field of environmental sciences. More CBM studies are reported in connection to First Nations and Inuit groups, as compared to other Indigenous groups. Thirteen key elements of environmental CBM programs, commonly reported in the literature focused on Arctic and Subarctic regions, were identified in the analysis. Specifically, traditional and local ecological knowledge (TLEK) was a unique component highlighted in Arctic and Subarctic sources and a specific feature observed in studies focusing on Indigenous groups. The identification of such key CBM elements serves as a resource to guide current and future environmental CBM initiatives in northern regions and elsewhere. Future research on this topic should contrast and compare literature findings with existing environmental CBM programs and provide more case studies to show the process and utility of environmental CBM initiatives in the Arctic and Subarctic, particularly with use of TLEK and the ways to facilitate it within a CBM program. Key words: community-based monitoring, Arctic, Subarctic, systematic literature review, Indigenous peoples. Le suivi base sur les communautes (CBM) recoit beaucoup d'attention dans la monde scientifique, surtout dans les regions Arctiques et Subarctiques du Canada et autres regions circumpolaires. Actuellement, dans la litterature, on observe un manque de comprehension pour les patrons et les tendances dans leurs utilisations et il y existe un besoin documente pour l'amelioration les efforts du CBM environnemental dans les regions Arctiques et Subarctiques. Les auteurs ont conduit une revue systematique de la litterature des publications portant sur les CBM dans la litterature, revisee par les pairs aussi bien qu'en zone grise, afin de produire une synthese des tendances sur ce sujet et clarifier les elements cles necessaires pour conduire un programme environnemental CBM dans les regions Arctiques et le Subarctiques. L'ensemble des deux litteratures montre une croissance significative des publications CBM avec le temps, une forte proportion portant sur des recherches conduites en Amerique du Nord et dans le champ des sciences environnementales. On observe plus de publications reliees aux groupes des Premieres Nations et des Inuits, comparativement aux autres groupes indigenes. On a identifie, dans cette analyse, treize elements cles de CBM environnementaux usuellement rapportes dans la litterature et mettant l'accent sur les regions Arctiques et Subarctiques. Specifiquement, la connaissance traditionnelle et de l'ecologie locale (TLEK) constitue une composante unique soulignee dans les sources Arctiques et Subarctiques, une caracteristique specifique dans les etudes mettant l'accent sur les groupes indigenes. L'identification de tels elements CBM cles sert de ressource pour guider les initiatives CBM actuelles et futures dans les regions nordiques et ailleurs. La recherche future sur ce sujet devra contraster et comparer les trouvailles dans litterature avec les programmes CBN environnementaux et fournir plus d'etudes de cas pour montrer le processus et l'utilite des initiatives CBN environnementale dans l'Arctique et le Subarctique, particulierement avec l'utilisation de la TLEK et les facons de l'inserer dans les programmes CBM. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : suivi base sur les communautes, Arctique, Subarctique, revue systematique de la litterature, peuples indigenes., Introduction Community-based monitoring (CBM) practices are increasing globally, including in Canada (Pollock and Whitelaw 2005). The term and concept has gained prominence in various disciplines such as environmental sciences, public [...]

Author(s): Laura Crane[sup.1] , Katie L. Maras[sup.2] , Tamsyn Hawken[sup.2] , Sue Mulcahy[sup.3] , Amina Memon[sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) City University London, London, UK (2) Department of Psychology, University of [...], An online survey gathered the experiences and views of 394 police officers (from England and Wales) regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Just 42 % of officers were satisfied with how they had worked with individuals with ASD and reasons for this varied. Although officers acknowledged the need for adjustments, organisational/time constraints were cited as barriers. Whilst 37 % of officers had received training on ASD, a need for training tailored to policing roles (e.g., frontline officers, detectives) was identified. Police responses are discussed with respect to the experiences of the ASD community (31 adults with ASD, 49 parents), who were largely dissatisfied with their experience of the police and echoed the need for police training on ASD.

Rising rates of obesity are driving the increasing burden of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (1) and cancer. (2) Obesity and overweight during childhood are especially concerning [...], OBJECTIVES: We describe the processes used in SCOPE, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) initiative, to achieve multisectoral engagement and collective action to prevent childhood obesity. PARTICIPANTS: SCOPE engages representatives from various sectors (local government, health, schools, recreation, local media, early childhood, community services) who influence the environments in which children live, learn and play. SETTING: SCOPE has been implemented in three communities in British Columbia (BC). INTERVENTION: SCOPE (www.live5210.ca) is a multi-setting, multi-component initiative designed to enhance a community&apos;s capacity to create and deliver localized solutions to promote healthy weights among children. SCOPE, in partnership with a local organization, engages multiple stakeholders who plan and implement actions framed by a common evidence-based health message (&apos;Live 5-2-1-0&apos;). SCOPE&apos;s central team in Vancouver, BC facilitates alignment with provincial initiatives, knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) within and across communities, and the collection, analysis and reporting of shared data. OUTCOMES: Best practice processes that have emerged from SCOPE&apos;s experience align with the principles of CBPR and the five conditions of Collective Impact--a common agenda, mutually reinforcing action, continuous communication, a backbone organization and shared measurement. SCOPE has achieved sustainable practice change framed by a common agenda (&apos;Live 5-2-1-0&apos;) leading to mutually reinforcing cross-sectoral action. CONCLUSION: A multi-pronged community-led childhood obesity prevention initiative can be achieved using CBPR principles and attending to the conditions for achieving collective impact. KEY WORDS: Pediatric obesity; prevention & control; health promotion; community-based participatory research Can J Public Health 2015;106(6):e426-e433 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.5114 OBJECTIFS: Nous decrivons les processus utilises par SCOPE, une initiative de recherche participative communautaire (RPC), pour obtenir une mobilisation multisectorielle et une action collective afin de prevenir l&apos;obesite juvenile. PARTICIPANTS: SCOPE recrute des representants de divers secteurs (administration municipale, sante, ecoles, loisirs, medias locaux, petite enfance, services communautaires) qui influencent les milieux de vie, d&apos;apprentissage et de jeu des enfants. LIEU: SCOPE est mise en oeuvre dans trois communautes de la ColombieBritannique (C.-B.). INTERVENTION: SCOPE (www.live5210.ca) est une initiative concertee, appliquee dans plusieurs milieux, qui vise a ameliorer la capacite d&apos;une communaute a creer et a offrir des solutions locales pour promouvoir les poids-sante chez les enfants. En partenariat avec un organisme local, SCOPE recrute plusieurs acteurs qui planifient et mettent en oeuvre des actions encadrees par un message de sante commun (<>) fonde sur des donnees probantes. L&apos;equipe centrale de SCOPE a Vancouver (C.-B.) facilite l&apos;harmonisation des actions avec les initiatives provinciales, l&apos;application et l&apos;echange des connaissances (AEC) dans et entre les communautes, ainsi que la cueillette, l&apos;analyse et la diffusion des donnees partagees. RESULTATS: Les pratiques exemplaires issues de l&apos;experience de SCOPE sont conformes aux principes de la RPC et aux <>, a savoir: un plan d&apos;action commun; des actions se soutenant mutuellement; la communication permanente; une structure de soutien; et un systeme d&apos;evaluation commun. SCOPE a obtenu des changements durables dans les pratiques, encadres par un plan d&apos;action commun (<>) qui a mene a des actions intersectorielles se soutenant mutuellement. CONCLUSION: Une initiative communautaire concertee de prevention de l&apos;obesite juvenile est possible si l&apos;on utilise les principes de la RPC et que l&apos;on porte attention aux conditions necessaires pour obtenir un impact collectif. MOTS CLES: obesite pediatrique; prevention et controle; promotion de la sante; recherche participative communautaire

Introduction As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increased over the last decade, a number of states have created separate Medicaid Home and Community Based (HCBS) waivers specifically [...], This study investigated families&apos; experience of choice within a participant-directed Medicaid waiver program for young children with autism. Fourteen parents or grandparents participated in in-depth interviews about their experience of choosing personnel, directing in-home services, and managing the $25,000 annual allocation. Key findings included families&apos; preference to hire providers with whom they have a prior relationship, parent empowerment and differences of opinion about parents as teachers. Professionals implementing participant directed service models could benefit from understanding the strong value parents&apos; placed on the personalities and interpersonal skills of providers. Parents&apos; descriptions of directing rather than merely accepting autism services revealed increased confidence in their ability to choose and manage the multiple components of their children&apos;s HCBS autism waiver program. Keywords Participant direction * Choice * Medicaid home and community-based services * Autism waiver

Background and Motivation Perinatal data resources, including state vital records, hospital discharge data, and records from community-based programs like home visiting, each contain unique elements important for maternal-child health research, [...], To demonstrate a generalizable approach for developing maternal-child health data resources using state administrative records and community-based program data. We used a probabilistic and deterministic linking strategy to join vital records, hospital discharge records, and home visiting data for a population-based cohort of at-risk, first time mothers enrolled in a regional home visiting program in Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky from 2007 to 2010. Because data sources shared no universal identifier, common identifying elements were selected and evaluated for discriminating power. Vital records then served as a hub to which other records were linked. Variables were recoded into clinically significant categories and a cross-set of composite analytic variables was constructed. Finally, individual-level data were linked to corresponding area-level measures by census tract using the American Communities Survey. The final data set represented 2,330 maternal-infant pairs with both home visiting and vital records data. Of these, 56 pairs (2.4 %) did not link to either maternal or infant hospital discharge records. In a 10 % validation subset (n = 233), 100 % of the reviewed matches between home visiting data and vital records were true matches. Combining multiple data sources provided more comprehensive details of perinatal health service utilization and demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics than available from a single data source. Our approach offers a template for leveraging disparate sources of data to support a platform of research that evaluates the timeliness and reach of home visiting as well as its association with key maternal-child health outcomes. Keywords Home visiting * Early childhood development * Data linking

Interpretations of the processes and outcomes of community-based research were explored through three case studies in South-East Queensland over a two year period. The ,findings indicate that the ultimate goal of community-based research is to achieve sustainability learning through a combination of experiential learning, social learning and action, with a primary focus on monitoring and improving the condition of local socio-ecological systems. In addition, community-based research can provide an effective framework for public participation in natural resource management and for achieving sustainability outcomes by facilitating an extension from social interaction, to social learning through to sustainability learning. Keywords: community-based research, participatory research, catchment management, social learning, sustainability learning, Waterwatch