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This study aimed to compare the corrosion cast models of the porcine head arterial system with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of these cast models. Six heads from sows were simultaneously injected through both carotid arteries with Duracryl Plus for corrosion cast technique and an additional head, also from another one sow head, was filled with saturated lead tetroxide (Pb3O4) in a 10% hot water solution (40°C) of gelatin for CBCT study. Two-dimensional (2D) images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). Subsequently, segmentation and post-processing of these images were performed by using various software programs. The 3D models were found to be compatible with the corrosion cast models. It was observed that osseous structures and arteries were clearly identified on CBCT images. Specimen scan, segmentation, and post segmentation had a duration of 10-15 minutes, 4 hours, and 15 minutes, respectively. The internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, and its main branches were seen well on 3D models. In conclusion, it is considered that 3D models and images can be effectively used in anatomy education, radiological evaluations, pathological and variational investigations.

Nonvolatile ionogels have recently emerged as promising soft electrolyte materials due to their high ionic conductivity and good durability. However, the compatibility between polymer networks and ...

We determined the mineral-melt partition coefficients (Di's) and the compositional and/or temperature dependency between grossite, melilite, hibonite, olivine and Ca-, Al-inclusion (CAI)-type liquids for a number of light (LE), high field strength (HFSE), large ion lithophile (LILE), and rare earth (REE) elements including Li, Be, B, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Eu, Dy, Ho, Yb, Hf, Ta, Th. A series of isothermal crystallization experiments was conducted at 5 kbar pressure and IW+1 in graphite capsules. The starting compositions were selected based on the calculated and experimentally confirmed phase relations during condensation in CI dust-enriched systems (Ebel and Grossman, 2000; Ebel, 2006; Ustunisik et al., 2014). Partition coefficients between melt and gehlenite, hibonite, and grossite show that the trace element budget of igneous CAIs is controlled by these three major Al-bearing phases in addition to pyroxene. In general, LE, LILE, REE, and HFSE partition coefficients (by mass) decrease in the order of Di(Gehlenite-Melt) > Di(Hibonite-Melt) > Di(Grossite-Melt). Results suggest that Di(Gehlenite-Melt) vary by a factor of 2-3 in different melt compositions at the same T (~1500 C). Increased melt Al and Ca, relative to earlier work, increases the compatibility of Di(Gehlenite-Melt), and also the compatibility of Di(Hibonite-Melt), especially for La and Ce. Olivine partitioning experiments confirm that olivine contribution to the trace element budget of CAIs is small due to the low Di(Olivine-Melt) at a range of temperatures while D-Eu, Yb(Olivine-Melt) are sensitive to changes in T and oxygen fugacity. The development of a predictive model for partitioning in CAI-type systems would require more experimental data and the use of analytical instruments capable of obtaining single phase analyses for crystals < 5 micron., 23 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables

Sputtered Ti–rich TiNiCu alloys are known to show excellent cyclic stability. Reversibility is mostly influenced by grain size, crystallographic compatibility and precipitates. Isolating their impact on cyclic stability is difficult. Ti2Cu precipitates for instance are believed to enhance reversibility by showing a dual epitaxy with the B2 and B19 lattice. Their influence on the functional fatigue, if they partly lose the coherency is still unknown. In this study, sputtered Ti53.7Ni24.7Cu21.6 films have been annealed at different temperatures leading to a similar compatibility (λ2 ~ 0.99), grain size and thermal cyclic stability. Films annealed at 550 °C exhibit a superior superelastic fatigue resistance but with reduced transformation temperatures and enthalpies. TEM investigations suggest the formation of Guinier–Preston (GP) zone-like plate precipitates and point towards a coherency relation of the B2 phase and finely distributed Ti2Cu precipitates (~ 60 nm). Films annealed at 700 °C result in the growth of Ti2Cu precipitates (~ 280 nm) with an irregular distribution and a partial loss of their coherency. Thus, GP zones are assumed to cause the reduction of transformation temperatures and enthalpies due to increased internal stresses, whereas the coherency relation of both, Ti2Cu and GP zones, help to increase the superelastic stability, well beyond 107 cycles.

A series of Mg–Ti composites are fabricated by high-pressure solid-state sintering (HPSSS) technique developed in our lab. The correlation between microstructures and corrosion behaviors is comparatively studied. It is shown that the Mg/Ti interface primarily determines the corrosion resistance of the composites, and the corrosion process is a comprehensive action of material composition, interface content, corrosion potential and interfacial oxide. Besides, the present semi-degradable Mg–Ti composites retain superior structure stability after Mg degradation due to the strong interfacial bonding obtained by the high-pressure solid-state sintering. All of the derived porous Ti exhibits a superior compressive plasticity, and the mechanical properties of the porous Ti can be readily adjusted by tuning the porosity. With superior mechanical properties, low Young's modulus and favourable pore size, the present porous Ti offers superior mechanical compatibility, demonstrating promising prospect in the load bearing biomedical applications.

Low- and medium-C steel powders were additively deposited on gray cast iron using a directed energy deposition (DED) process to identify the effect of the carbon content in the steel powder on the soundness of DED-processed cast iron in terms of the mechanical and microstructural properties. As a representative mechanical property, impact toughness tests of DED-processed cast iron specimens were performed, and then fractography was employed to understand the microstructure-dependent crack propagation resistance. Microstructural changes and chemical variations were investigated using multi-scale microstructure characterization as the layer-dependent properties. In particular, the microstructural characteristics across the interface were intensively analyzed to understand the effect of laser-heated low- and medium-C steel powders on a (high C) cast iron substrate. Elucidating the microstructural changes and the resulting mechanical properties of the deposits necessitated understanding the variations caused by the chemistry of the deposited powder and the effect of dilution with the substrate material. These layer-dependent properties and the resultant compatibility at the interface should be considered when selecting the feedstock material and designing the DED repair process.

In this research, an investigation for the compatibility of the IRI-2016 and ASAPS international models was conducted to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the ionospheric critical frequency parameter (foF2) for the years 2009 and 2014 that represent the minimum and maximum years of solar cycle 24. The calculations of the monthly average foF2 values were performed for three different selected stations distributed over the mid-latitude region. These stations are Athens - Greece (23.7o E, 37.9 o N), El Arenosillo - Spain (-6.78 o E, 37.09 o N), and Je Ju - South Korea (124.53 o E, 33.6 o N). The calculated values using the two tested models were compared with the observed foF2 datasets for each of the three selected locations. The results showed that the two tested models gave good and close results for all selected stations compared to the observed data for the studied period of time. At the minimum solar cycle 24, the ASAPS model showed in general better values than the IRI-2016 model at Athens, El Arenosillo and Je Ju stations for all tested methods. At maximum solar cycle 24, the IRI-2016 model showed higher and closer values to the observed data at Athens and El Arenosillo stations, while the ASAPS model showed better values at Je Ju station.

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLIBs) have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high safety and energy density. Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the ionic conductivity, stabilize the electrochemical performance, and enhance the electrolyte/electrode interfacial compatibility of several solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including oxides, sulfides, composite and gel electrolytes, and so on. Garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is highly regarded an SSE with excellent application potential. However, this type of electrolyte also possesses a number of disadvantages, such as low ionic conductivity, unstable cubic phase, and poor interfacial compatibility with anodes/cathodes. The benefits of LLZO have urged many researchers to explore effective solutions to overcome its inherent limitations. Herein, we review recent developments on garnet-structured LLZO and provide comprehensive insights to guide the development of garnet-structured LLZO-type electrolytes. We not only systematically and comprehensively discuss the preparation, element doping, structure, stability, and interfacial improvement of LLZOs but also provide future perspectives for these materials. This review expands the current understanding on advanced solid garnet electrolytes and provides meaningful guidance for the commercialization of ASSLIBs.

Purpose The lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow in partial porous geometries with curved porous-fluid interfaces has not been investigated yet. It is mainly because of the lack of a method in the lattice Boltzmann framework to model the hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces, which is required for the two-domain approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop such a method. Design/methodology/approach This research extends the non-equilibrium extrapolation lattice Boltzmann method for satisfying no-slip conditions at curved solid boundaries, to model hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces. Findings The proposed method is tested against the results available from conventional numerical methods via the problem of fluid flow through and around a porous circular cylinder in crossflow. As such, streamlines, geometrical characteristics of recirculating wakes and drag coefficient are validated for different Reynolds (5 ≤ Re ≤ 40) and Darcy (10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 5 × 10−1) numbers. It is also shown that without applying any compatibility conditions at the interface, the predicted flow structure is not satisfactory, even for a very fine mesh. This result highlights the importance of the two-domain approach for lattice Boltzmann simulation of the fluid flow in partial porous geometries with curved porous-fluid interfaces. Originality/value No research is found in the literature for applying the hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces in the lattice Boltzmann framework.

Herein we have developed a reversible hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of nonactivated olefins. By using EtOCS2K as a mediator, the H/D exchange reaction was realized through repeated addition and elimination reactions, demonstrating reversible H/D exchange between ordinary olefins and deuterated olefins. Using the lowest cost D2O without precious metal catalysts and ligands, a broad spectrum of compatibility of functional groups was achieved.

This paper researches the compatibility of bamboo and Portland cement by measuring the hydration temperature of Portland cement. Meanwhile, bamboo shavings and Portland cement, which were utilized as main raw materials, were prepared into bamboo Portland cement particle boards through cold compression forming, so as to further verify the compatibility of bamboo and Portland cement and research the practicability of preparing bamboo Portland cement particle boards by using bamboo. Research studies show that bamboo contain water-soluble saccharides, such as polysaccharide, disaccharide, and glucose, and organic carboxylic acids, such as formic acid and acetic acid. Water-soluble saccharides are converted into saccharic acid after dissolving in water, then a saccharide–calcium complex with a pompon-like structure is formed through a reaction between saccharic acid and calcium ions of Portland cement hydrates, and the saccharide–calcium complex covers the surfaces of the cement particles and prevents further hydration of the cement, achieving a certain anticoagulation effect on Portland cement; a chelation reaction between the carboxyl of the organic carboxylic acid and the calcium ions of Portland cement hydrates takes place and the concentration of calcium ions in the hydration system is reduced, which exerts an influence on further hydration process of Portland cement and achieves a certain anticoagulation effect. Because of the poor compatibility of Portland cement and bamboo, the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo Portland cement particle boards prepared from bamboo shavings and Portland cement directly cannot meet the requirements of the national standards (GB/T24312-2009) of cement particle boards.

This paper presents the preliminary findings on a new mortar prepared with alkali-activated seashell waste (AASW). Three mortars were manufactured with seashell waste to Activator ratios of 2.5, 3 and 3.5. The mechanical properties were determined, and the chemical products of each mixture were characterized using TG/DTG, XRD and FTIR analyses. From both an economic and an environmental point of view, the obtained results are very encouraging where they show that SW can be used as precursor to formulate an alkali-activated mortar with a compressive strength of 22 MPa and a porosity of 16.5%. The AASW paste was found to be mainly composed of C-S-H and different carbonates such as gaylussite, pirssonite and thermonatrite. In terms of mechanical strengths and porosity, it was established that the water to binder ratio is the key factor. Furthermore, the microstructural images showed a good compatibility between the AASW paste and aggregates.

The precise measurement of the amount fraction of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is required to understand global emission trends. Analysis of the site-specific stable isotopic composition of N2O provides a means to differentiate emission sources. The availability of accurate reference materials of known N2O amount fractions and isotopic composition is critical for achieving these goals. We present the development of nitrous oxide gas reference materials for underpinning measurements of atmospheric composition and isotope ratio. Uncertainties target the World Metrological Organisation Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) compatibility goal of 0.1 nmol mol−1 and extended compatibility goal of 0.3 nmol mol−1, for atmospheric N2O measurements in an amount fraction range of 325–335 nmol mol−1. We also demonstrate the stability of amount fraction and isotope ratio of these reference materials and present a characterisation study of the cavity ring-down spectrometer used for analysis of the reference materials.

Liquid metals represent an aggressive environment where selective degradation can attack structural alloys. Pre-oxidizing structural alloys, particularly those able to form alumina scales, have shown promise for Sn, Pb and Pb–Li concepts for fusion and fission applications. For Pb at 700 °C, a dramatic reduction in mass loss was observed for an alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) steel after pre-oxidation. Likewise, a ferritic FeCrAlMo alloy showed better compatibility in static Sn at 400–500 °C and flowing PbLi when pre-oxidized at 1000 °C to form α-Al2O3. Recent experiments with flowing PbLi at 675–700 °C has shown significant degradation suggesting that alumina-forming alloys are limited to ~ 650 °C in this environment. While the concept is promising, most experiments have been relatively short-term and long-term degradation mechanisms need to be evaluated.

Several modern power production systems utilize supercritical CO2 (sCO2), which can contain O2 and H2O as impurities. These impurities may degrade the compatibility of structural alloys through accelerated oxidation. However, it remains unclear which of these impurities plays a bigger role in high-temperature reactions taking place in sCO2. In this study, various model and commercial Fe‐ and Ni‐based alloys were exposed in 300 bar sCO2 at 750 °C to low levels (50 ppm) of O2 and H2O for 1,000 h. 18O-enriched water was used to enable the identification of the oxygen source in the post-exposure characterization of the samples. However, oxygen from the water did not accumulate in the scale, which consisted of Cr2O3 in the cases where a protective oxide formed. A 2wt.% Ti addition to a Ni-22%Cr model alloy resulted in the formation of thicker oxides in sCO2, while a 1wt.% Al addition reduced the scale thickness. A synergistic effect of both Al and Ti additions resulted in an even thicker oxide than what was formed solely by Ti, similar to observations for Ni-based alloy 282.

A process for the preparation of aluminum-matrix composites with hematite and cast iron fillers is proposed. Aluminum metal is used as one of the promising components in modern composite materials. This is due to the structural compatibility of components in the aluminum matrix composite with fillers, hematite and cast iron. An oxide film of aluminum on the particle surface of finely divided hematite was found to be an intermediate layer in the developed composite material.

Novel low-fired Li4Mg2NbO6F ceramics were synthesised using a conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed that the Li4Mg2NbO6F compound had a face-centred-cubic rock salt structure [Fm-3 m(225)] above 625 °C. Li4Mg2NbO6F ceramics sintered between 875 °C and 950 °C displayed the optimised density (> 97.5 %). The theoretical etheo was calculated based on the refined crystal parameters, closing to the measured er. The ceramic sintered at 900 °C exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties with er of 15.53 ± 0.03, Q × f value of 93,300 ± 1100 GHz (at 7.7 GHz) and τf value of −39.8 ± 0.8 ppm/°C. The compatibility with Ag powders makes the oxyfluoride a potential candidate for LTCC applications.

Andesite rock is commonly used as a heritage building in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia. However, the study on consolidation of andesite rock is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the application effectiveness of TEOS-based material on the andesite type rock in heritage materials. TEOS was used as a modular system with andesite powder to form mortar. This andesite-TEOS mortar system was applied to conservation techniques, especially for gap and joint filling. TEOS modular system was successfully applied to the andesite type rock, resulting in chemical and physical properties. The color of the mortar and the compatibility with the original rock color were designed from the rock powder preparation. The excellent repair was obtained by a combination of dot technique gluing using epoxy resin and the TEOS mortar application in the gaps. Furthermore, this technique was successfully applied to the big Buddha Statue Head andesite rock for the emergency intervention of the falling fragment. Keyword: Andesite, Consolidation, TEOS, Mortar

Although guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a useful tool for regenerating lost tissue as bone and periodontal tissue, a biocompatible membrane capable of regenerating large defects has yet to be discovered. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and biological compatibility of polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes associated with or without nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) (PCL/HA) and Zn-doped HA (PCL/ZnHA), produced by electrospinning. PCL, PCL/HA, and PCL/ZnHA were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles of HA or ZnHA were homogeneously distributed and dispersed inside the PCL fibers, which decreased the fiber thickness. At 1 wt% of HA or ZnHA, these nanoparticles acted as nucleating agents. Moreover, HA and ZnHA increased the onset of the degradation temperature and thermal stability of the electrospun membrane. All tested membranes showed no cytotoxicity and allowed murine pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading; however, higher concentrations of PCL/ZnHA showed less cells and an irregular cell morphology compared to PCL and PCL/HA. This article presents a cytocompatible, electrospun, nanocomposite membrane with a novel morphology and physicochemical properties that make it eligible as a scaffold for GTR.

Fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) has extensive application properties due to their high corrosion resistant and compatibility with biomedical applications, the synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes over titanium has drawn interest in various fields. The synthesis of TiO2 NTs using novel in-situ step-up voltage conditions in the electrochemical anodization process is recorded in this work. For manufacturing the NTs at 1 hour of anodization, the input potential of 30, 40 and 50 V was selected. With increasing step-up voltage during the anodization process, an improvement in the NTs was observed, favoring corrosion resistance properties. The surface of NTs enhances the structure of the ribs, raising the potential for feedback over time. XRD was used to analyze phase changes, and HR-SEM analyzed surface topography. Impedance tests found that longer NTs improved the corrosion resistance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface modification of calcium ions on roughened titanium as a surface treatment of dental implants for cell attachment, growth, and initial bacterial adhesion. When a surface-roughened, pure titanium disk was immersed in a calcium chloride solution (100 mM) containing 20 ppm ozone for 24 h at 25oC, calcium was detected on the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The calcium-modified, roughened titanium disk had a significantly greater concentration of the initially adhered cells as well as cells cultured over 7 days compared with titanium disks without surface modification. Furthermore, the initial bacterial adhesion on the calcium-ozone treated titanium disk was statistically less than on a pure titanium disk or titanium disk treated without ozone. Dissolved ozone was useful for modifying the surface of roughened titanium with calcium ions and the surface modification may be applicable for dental implants.

A series of eight new structurally related unsymmetrical diglycolamides (UDGA) were designed and compared based on REEs extraction and phase compatibility at high acidic media concentration. The st...

Studies of drug-polymer compatibility play an important role in the preformulation stage for the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The potential physical and chemical interactions between drugs and polymer can affect the chemical nature, stability and bioavailability of the dosage form and as a result in the therapeutic response in the clinical phase. The present study reveals the thermal and spectroscopic study of physical mixtures of Vildagliptin (VDG) and HPMC in combination with cationic polymers chitosan, anionic polymers NaCMC and nonionic polymers PEO for extended release (ER). In the first phase of the study, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used as tool to detect any interaction. In the next phase, a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique was used to confirm and to investigate the type of the possible interactions between the components. In both cases, the spectroscopic data revealed that the analysed polymeric excipients did not show any affect on the VDG. Results of the present study indicated the suitability of the HPMC K4M hydrophilic matrix polymers in combination with cationic polymers, anionic polymers and non-ionic polymers in the preparation of extended release formulation of VDG.

Complex hydride LiBH4 is a promising solid-state electrolyte (SSE) for rechargeable batteries, owing to its great compatibility with the lithium metal anode and good mechanical properties. However,...

In view of the global environmental and economic challenges of conventional organic solvents, most of the ionic liquids (ILs) have proved themselves as a “greener” group of cosolvents, especially f...

A nickel(II)-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of acyclic oxocarbenium ions generated in situ from corresponding acetals with carboxylic acid derivatives to prepare β-alkoxyl carbonyl moieties with diverse α-substituents has been disclosed. The method exhibited broad scope of acetals and carboxylic acid derivatives with excellent enantioselectivity and good functional group compatibility, and can be conducted in a gram-scale without obvious loss of efficiency.

This work describes a newly introduced experimental procedure to quantify the diffusion progress of mineral oils locally resolved in NBR. Diffusion of reference oils IRM 901, IRM 902 and IRM 903 in NBR with various acrylonitrile contents was investigated. Classical sorption experiments were performed as a basic characterization and compared to the newly introduced method. Here, elastomer specimens are only being dipped with the bottom in a relatively small reservoir of mineral oil. This provides a determination of locally resolved concentration profiles of mineral oils, and the calculation of diffusion coefficients. These diffusion coefficients follow the same trends like those determined via sorption experiments. Despite differences in the absolute numbers, activation energies of diffusion can be applied as a suitable measure for the compatibility of elastomers and fluids.

LiPF6-propylene carbonate (PC) solutions show some compatibility with the graphite positive electrode in dual-ion batteries. The relationship between the anion storage capacity and LiPF6 concentrat...

Graphene is well-known as one of the best solid lubricants for its superlubricity and high mechanical strength. Weak adhesion leading to low interfacial compatibility is a significant challenge of ...

Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) has a high ionic conductivity and compatibility with sulfur cathodes; however, the instability of LGPS against Li and Li dendrite growth still remains unsolved. Here, we solved t...

Hafnium (Hf) isotope composition of zircon has been integrated with U-Pb age to form a long-term (>4 b.y.) record of the evolution of the crust. In contrast, trace element compositions of zircon are most commonly utilized in local- or regional-scale petrological studies, and the most noteworthy applications of trace element studies of detrital zircon have been in “fingerprinting” potential source lithologies. The extent to which zircon trace element compositions varied globally over geological time scales (as, for example, zircon U-Pb age abundance, O isotope composition, and Hf isotope composition seem to have varied) has been little explored, and it is a topic that is well suited to the large data sets produced by detrital zircon studies. In this study we present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages and trace element compositions from a continent-scale basin system in Australia (the Centralian Superbasin) that bear directly on the Proterozoic history of Australia and which may be applicable to broader interpretations of plate-tectonic processes in other regions. U-Pb ages of detrital zircon in the Centralian Superbasin are dominated by populations of ca. 1800, 1600, 1200, and 600 Ma, and secular variations of zircon Hf isotope ratios are correlated with some trace element parameters between these major age populations. In particular, elevated εHf(i) (i.e., radiogenic “juvenile” Hf isotope composition) of detrital zircon in the Centralian Superbasin tends to correspond with relatively high values of Yb/U, Ce anomaly, and Lu/Nd (i.e., depletion of light rare earth elements). These correlations seem to be fundamentally governed by three related factors: elemental compatibility in the continental crust versus mantle, the thickness of continental crust, and the contributions of sediment to magmas. Similar trace element versus εHf(i) patterns among a global zircon data set suggest broad applicability. One particularly intriguing aspect of the global zircon data set is a late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian period during which both zircon εHf(i) and Yb/U reached minima, marking an era of anomalous zircon geochemistry that was related to significant contributions from old continental crust.

A novel microwave dielectric ceramic material, Li4NbO4F, was fabricated by the solid-state reaction method. The microwave dielectric properties, sintering characteristics, and crystal structures of the Li4NbO4F ceramic samples were investigated. It was found that the Li4NbO4F ceramic samples can be successfully sintered at low temperatures (e.g., 750–875 °C). The samples exhibited a single cubic rock salt phase and possessed homogenous microstructures and outstanding microwave dielectric properties. The optimal properties of Q × f = 61111 GHz, er = 15.2, and τƒ = −51 ppm/°C were achieved in the ceramic sample sintered at 825 °C. Additionally, the ceramic samples showed superior compatibility with Ag, indicating that Li4NbO4F is a promising low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material.

Density is one of the important parameters of energetic materials. A class of high-density energetic materials was synthesized by a simple method, and all compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, and DSC, and the structures of some compounds were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. (5-nitroimino-4-hydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl nitrate (3) (NOMN) showed an outstanding density of 1.898 g/cm3 at 149 K. and the densities of the other compounds exceeded 1.76 g/cm3 at room temperature. Thermal analysis showed that (5-nitroimino-4-hydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl nitrate (3) and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium(5-nitroimino-4-hydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) methyl nitrate (3 c) have suitable melting points (86.67°C and 85.65°C) for use as casting materials. The detonation velocity and detonation pressure were calculated by EXPLO5 (v6.01) software, and all compounds showed good explosive performance. The detonation velocity of compound 5-aminotetrazolium (5-nitroimino-4-hydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl nitrate (3e) exceeded that of RDX, but was slightly lower than that of HMX, reaching 9142 m/s. In summary, this series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based energetic materials has enriched the family of molten cast carriers and provided new options for the preparation of molten cast explosives.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have tremendous potential to penetrate the energy storage market, as an alternative to Li-ion batteries, given the high volumetric capacity of Zn (5853 mAh cm–3), cost-effe...

The interplay between solid electrolytes and electrodes is of vital importance to the performance of all-solid-state Li batteries. Recently, halide superionic conductors have emerged as a new family of high-performance solid electrolytes, but their compatibility with Li metal, i.e., the anode with the highest theoretical capacity, has not been systematically studied. Here, we investigate the interaction between Li metal and two representative halide solid electrolytes: Li3YCl6 and Li3YBr6. Both materials are found to form interphases with Li, similar to most solid electrolytes. However, the interphases observed here contain electronic conducting components, which are detrimental to their compatibility with Li. By elucidating this phenomenon, the present study provides guiding principles for improving the Li compatibility of halide solid electrolytes.

Halide-doped sulfide solid electrolytes have attracted great attention due to their high lithium-ion conductivity, Li-metal compatibility, and deformability for use in all-solid-state Li batteries....

We show that salacinol-type α-glucosidase inhibitors are ligand-compatible with the GH 31 family. Salacinol and its 3′-O-benzylated analogs inhibit human lysosomal α-glucosidase at submicromolar levels. Simple structure-activity relationship studies reveal that the salacinol side-chain stereochemistry significantly influences binding to GH31 α-glucosidases.

In this research, a new method has been adopted in preparing nanocomposite hydroxyapatite from natural sources, as the preparation method is characterized by being inexpensive. The compound prepared has a high biological compatibility for use in medical applications in orthopedics and dentistry. Hydroxyapatite was prepared from cow bones, where it was used as a primary raw material, and the preparation was performed by calcination method at a temperature of (750 °C) for three hours. The results were found by conducting an x-ray diffraction examination that the compound formed is hydroxyapatite, the crystalline treatments, and its chemical symbol is (Ca10(PO4)6(OH2)).also, the analysis of Hydroxyapatite powder prepared by X-ray Fluorescence was performed and the ratio of phosphorous to calcium was found (Ca/P = 1.67), and this ratio is consistent with the normal ratio present in the bone, indicating that the prepared compound has a high biological compatibility. The samples prepared were imaged by using Scanning Electron Microscope technique. In order to know the average grain size, and study surface roughness coefficients, the Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) was used, we found that the prepared hydroxyapatite has nanoscale sizes, where the average grain size is about (60 nm). Some physical and Mechanical properties of were studied for some sample that were prepared using the axial compression method, which were sintered at temperature of (1350 °C) for three hours.

Now a Days breakthrough technology for eco-friendly materials products is developed (in orthopedic use as the substrate for implantation of bone), magnesium alloys, because of its suitable strength similar to bone tissue and high compatibility of magnesium and its alloys. Throughout the elevated chloride atmosphere of the physiologic system and the physiological pH(7.4–7.6), pure magnesium will easily corrode. A possible solution to this challenge can be either surface treatment via various methods or alloying of element additions or by the generation of metal matrix composites. The bio-material which is magnesium-based composites can provide resistance against corrosion and adaptable mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, ductility, tensile strength, or combination of these properties and it is the main choice to select magnesium metal matrix composites as opposed to surface treatment methods and alloying of material inclusion. The reinforcing processes are mainly focused on hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate particles, calcium polyphosphate, and mixed tricalcium phosphate particles. In this review article, a detailed analysis of biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composite is discussed briefly.