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Objetivo: realizar una revisión detallada de las complicaciones de la cirugía laparoscópica en ginecología, con énfasis en las relacionadas con la entrada a la cavidad peritoneal dada su alta frecuencia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda detallada de literatura publicada en inglés a través de PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid y registro de revisiones sistemáticas y estudios aleatorizados controlados de Cochrane, usando como palabras clave "laparoscopic entry", "trocars injury";, "laparoscopy complications", "laparoscopic injury" y "optical trocars". Se seleccionaron principalmente metaanálisis, estudios clínicos aleatorizados, guías clínicas, artículos de revisión y series de casos. Resultados: se seleccionaron 36 artículos, 2 metaanálisis, 3 estudios clínicos aleatorizados, 1 guía clínica, 11 revisiones sistemáticas, 10 revisiones de tema y 9 series de casos. Las complicaciones de la cirugía laparoscópica son raras, se presentan con mayor frecuencia durante la entrada y generalmente son de origen vascular, intestinal y urológico. Igualmente, pueden presentarse complicaciones por el neumoperitoneo y por electrocirugía. Otras complicaciones que ocurren con menor frecuencia son la neurológicas, las hernias incisionales, las metástasis por el sitio de entrada, las infecciones, los hematomas y la formación de adherencias. Conclusiones: la laparoscopia es un procedimiento relativamente seguro. Sin embargo, hay que ser muy cuidadoso en el momento del acceso a la cavidad abdominal, porque la mayoría de complicaciones ocurren durante la entrada.

Objective: carrying out a detailed review of complications arising from laparoscopic surgery used in gynecology, emphasizing those related to entering the peritoneal cavity as being the most frequently presented. Materials and methods: a detailed search was made of literature published in English in PubMed/ MEDLINE, Ovid and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials using the following key words: "laparoscopic entry", "trocars injury", "laparoscopy complications", "laparoscopic injury" and "optical trocars". Metanalysis, randomized clinical studies, clinical guidelines, review articles and case series were mainly selected. Results: 36 articles, 2 metanalyses, 3 randomized clinical studies, 1 clinical guide, 11 systematic reviews, 10 topic reviews and 9 case series were selected. Complications rarely arise during laparoscopic surgery; they occur most frequently during entry and are generally of vascular, intestinal or urological origin. Complications may likewise be presented by pneumoperitoneum and electrosurgery. Less frequently occurring complications are neurological in origin or involve incisional hernias, metastasis at the entry site, infections, hematomas and adherence formation. Conclusions: laparoscopy represents a relatively safe procedure; however, great care must be taken when gaining access to the abdominal cavity as most complications occur during such entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]