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Background: Nursing students are exposed to various types of conflicts while studying at the university. Their conflict resolution strategies and their resilience to such conflicts may be influenced by many factors, including culture and ethnicity. The aim of study was to assess conflict management styles and resiliency among nursing students from different cultures. Setting: faculty of Nursing affiliated to the Modern University for Technology and Information. Research design: A cross sectional design was conducted on a sample of 162 Egyptians and 54 Nigerian nursing students during academic year 2018/2019.Tools of data collection: Conflict mode instrument and resiliency questionnaire. Results: the result revealed that Regarding types of conflict used by the nursing students in study groups, indicates, the inter-personal conflict was major in both groups the Egyptian students and Nigerian students, the Egyptian students highly used of compromising and competing (99.4%) while, Nigerian students highly used of compromising (98.1%), avoiding (98.1%) collaborating, Egyptian students high level in reflective/adaptive (91.4%) with subtotal of bounce back academic (77.8%), also subtotal of individual the Egyptian students high 94.4% and Nigerian students had a high level in individual education 94.4%. Moreover the Nigerian students have a high level in total resilience 87.0%, while the Egyptian students had low level in total resilience81.5%. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate a high experience of various types of conflict, particularly the interpersonal type, among Egyptian and Nigerian nursing students, significantly more among the formers. The compromising conflict management style is the most commonly used by both, with more use of the competing style by Egyptians. The level of resilience is mostly high, with no significant differences between them. Hence, different cultures could influence the type of conflict and its management style. Recommendation: Training courses in conflict management strategies and resilience are urgently needed for all students (Egyptian and Nigerian students). Summer courses and co-curriculum activities need to be developed to help nursing students improve their conflict resolution strategies and utilized use of resilience.

Fisheries social-ecological systems regularly experience conflicts. In many regions of the world, the way conflicts are dealt with may lead to social transformation resulting from changes in tenure rights. This analysis is focused on the many types of fisheries tenure, access and user rights and reveals that some sort of conflict is present in the majority of them. In the fisheries sector, the primary institutions tasked with conflict resolution are public fisheries management authorities and/or the legal system. We argue that the type of conflict and the chosen conflict resolution strategy have an important role in determining how the fishery and its participants evolve in the future. We highlight the importance of conflicts as triggers of social transformation and discuss the role of institutions in this transition. We present a conflict transformation approach that helps frame the path for transformations that are democratic and entail the balanced representation and participation of all stakeholders.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze conflict resolution strategies among individuals who encountered disputes with family, neighbors, workmates, businesses, strangers, government authorities or other members in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Applying a difference-in-difference approach by sex, the authors use a representative panel of adults living in 82 cities from across Mexico to measure changes in antisocial strategies (violence) and prosocial strategies (non-confrontational methods and dialogue) to resolve disputes. Findings During the COVID-19 pandemic, men reduced their use of violence by 19.6% while women did so by 17.4%. There was a parallel rise in non-confrontational strategies used to solve conflicts equal to 73.6% for men and 62% for women. The use of dialogue as a tool for resolving disputes increased by more in cities that banned the sale of alcohol. Alternative Twitter data corroborates the main findings, suggesting that individuals are becoming more prosocial during the pandemic. Originality/value To the knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze changes in strategies for conflict resolution as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how individuals adapt their dispute strategies under extraordinary circumstances such as a pandemic, with a focus on a middle-income setting.

Negotiation is one of the most common forms of social interaction and conflict resolution strategies – occurring in business, workplaces, and organizations – in which two or more parties strive to figure out an acceptable solution for their different or incompatible goals. These complex bargaining processes are always characterized by various psychological aspects. This article sheds light on two significant cognitive components impacting all facets and stages of negotiation – egocentrism and self-serving bias. Their negative effects on negotiation regarding fairness judgment, information distortion, and interactional dynamics are presented, explained, and illustrated. The paper addresses how egocentric perceptions and self-serving tendencies affect the ethical behavior of the involved parties, and it looks at these biases through intercultural lens too. The article concludes by proposing tactics and practices aimed to reduce the damaging consequences of egocentric shortcomings in negotiation and increase chances to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Conflict managing has become a center of gravity of human activities in these days. Head teachers should be well aware how to resolve conflict among staff members. So, the study was designed to analyze how head teachers can resolve conflict among staff members and was there any significance difference between male and female head teachers’ conflict resolving strategies. Survey method was used to investigate conflict resolving strategies of the head teachers. Bahawalpur was the population of the study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select sample. Self-constructed instrument was applied to collect data. Questionnaire was consist of five types of parameters i-e integrating conflict, obliging conflict, dominating conflict, avoidance conflict and compromising conflict. The major finding of the study was that majority of the head teachers exercise integrating conflict resolution strategies to resolve conflict. Major part of the head teachers adopted obliging conflict resolution strategies to resolve the conflict. Mainstream of head teachers used dominating conflict resolving strategies to resolve conflict. Majority of the head teachers exercise dominating conflict resolving strategies. Greater part of the respondents agreed that head teachers adopted compromising conflict resolving strategies to resolve conflict among staff members. Gender wise comparison indicates that there was a significance difference between male and female head teachers to use the conflict resolution strategies at secondary level.

The results of studying the subject system-communicative dimension of conflict mobilization practices in social networks in Germany in the context of mediatization of politics and postulates of successful conflict communication of the Harvard School of Conflictology are presented in the article. The spheres of social life, characterized from the perspective of observers — members of mobilization communities — as a concentration of problem situations and phenomena are determined. The fact of achieving the planned impact when problematizing fragments of social reality is confirmed by the predominance of solidarity reactions of the addressees. The conclusion is made about the predominant presentation of fragments of social reality as a threat through a direct assessment, an indication of the need for confrontation as the main task of the community, broad calls for struggle and criticism of the opponent; about the dominant reinforced presentation of the assessment to the addressee. The consequences of modern mediation in the political sphere, which are reflected in the practices of conflict mobilization, including the changing characteristics and attitudes of communicants, are described. Mobilization practices are characterized as the practice of institutionalizing protest and conflict resolution. It is shown that the studied discursive practices combine the features of different conflict resolution strategies, re-veal partial deviations from the postulates of successful conflict communication, formulated by representatives of the Harvard School of Conflictology in the concept of “Principled Negotiations”.

The current study aims to introduce online social media to support seaweed farmers and as a conflict resolution strategy. Seaweed farmers have the power to develop seaweed because the product has a positive impact on the socioeconomic. This study observes the roles of online media in supporting seaweed production. This research found that an increase in seaweed production can improve the economic conditions of the community. The weaknesses of seaweed farmers are their low capital, low skills, low level of education, and low support for infrastructure. One skill required is the mastery of technology, especially online media. Online media are one of the vital tools that can help seaweed business processes. Therefore, seaweed farmers should know how to use online social media. The potential cultivation of seaweed is very much enhanced by a pattern of cooperation between seaweed farmers, other farmers, and other collaborations. The threats faced by the research area include the diminishing desire of the younger generation to cultivate seaweed, the very low skill related to using online social media, and extreme weather as an annual problem. We find that the role of online media is crucial to minimizing the risk factors for conflict.

The purpose of this study is to explore aspects of intercultural marriage communication and identify potential cultural-related conflicts in an intercultural marriage as well as to uncover some conflict resolution strategies applied by intercultural couples to overcome this problem. The research was conducted in Sampang Madura. In-depth interviews were conducted with three intercultural couples. This research was conducted in the city of Sampang, Madura, which has a very strong sense of religiosity. Kyai is one of the central figures in social life in Madura. This strategic position has made the figure of a kyai one of the main opinion leaders in Madura. As a community leader, how is the marriage between kyai and non-kyai families? The intercultural couples in this study are husband and wife who come from a kyai family cultural background with a non-kyai partner. The interview data were then analyzed using a data reduction process to synthesize the meaning and essence of the participants' experiences.

The purpose of the presented work is to assess the development and progression of basic communication skills of the 1st year students of the medical faculty that can serve as the basis for their further improvement over the course of professional education. The general level of students' communication skills was assessed using the test "Diagnosis of communicative and organizational tendencies"; the general level of empathy and the degree of its manifestation in communicating with different categories of people were studied using the Yusupov I. test; types of behavior in conflicts were estimated using the Thomas test. The research findings were processed according to the keys suggested by the authors of the tests. The study has shown that the majority of students (66%) demonstrates a high and very high level of general communication, while 18% of participants have low and very low levels of communication skills. An adequate general level of empathy was found in 91.7% of 1st year students, moreover, it was high in the remaining 8.3% of students. All respondents have shown the greatest empathy towards parents (average level 10.1 out of 15 possible scores), strangers (9.2) and children (8.9), while the level of empathy for older people was 6.9 points. Determining the strategy for resolving conflict situations has revealed that 1st year students most often choose a compromise (22.5% boys and 24% girls), the strategy of avoidance ranks the second position and is commn among the girls (23%, while the boys exhibit rivalry (21.8%), cooperation is chosen mainly by the girls (19.8%). The results of the study have shown that high levels of general communication and empathy could contribute to the choice of a future profession by the students and need only the right support during their graduate training program. Much attention should be paid to fostering empathy for the elderly people and the choice of cooperation as the best conflict resolution strategy between the parties during educational process at the university.

Schoolwork is a significant source of adolescent–parent conflicts in Chinese families. Framed in Smetana’s model of social domain theory and with support from self-determination theory by Deci and Ryan, we used the qualitative methods of grounded theory approach to explore the patterns of adolescent–parent conflicts over schoolwork in Chinese families, as well as the role of parental psychological control and youths’ autonomy development in schoolwork conflicts. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 28 parents and 35 adolescents in Yinchuan city of Ningxia. Intricate patterns of conflict reasoning and resolution are revealed in (a) parents’ conventional reasoning about schoolwork conflicts as driven by education system in China; (b) parents’ use of explicit and subtle coercive conflict resolution strategies; (c) adolescents’ conventional reasoning about conflicts on academic performance, multifaceted reasoning about conflicts on daily studies, and personal reasoning about conflicts on non-academic activities and (d) the process- and relationship-orientations of adolescents’ conflict resolution strategies. Reactive nature of Chinese teenagers’ conflict reasoning and resolution, as well as the intricate process involving parents’ psychological control and adolescents’ controlled motivation over schoolwork are indicated. Findings are discussed in the cultural context of contemporary China.

This study tested a dyadic theoretical model in which conflict resolution strategies have impact on couples’ marital adjustment. The study features a quantitative and transversal approach and a correlational and explanatory design. Participants included 231 heterosexual couples from different regions of Brazil, contacted after indication. The instrument composed of the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (R-DAS) was filled out in the residence of the participants. Data were submitted to dyadic analysis by the latent trait model. The results indicated that the strategies have a strong impact on the individual’s adjustment. Assessing the impact of one of the spouse’s strategies on the other, only the marital adjustment of the men was affected. The evidence suggests differences between husbands and wives regarding the impact of strategies on adjustment. The data are discussed in light of the literature and considering their applicability in the clinical area.

In the landmark Paris Agreement, the global economies agreed to put forward their best efforts in mitigation and adaptation of climate change. The member countries set their international and national targets to limit global temperature rise within 2 °C. The major and developed economics play a productive role in achieving the goals set in the Paris Agreement and failing would make it hard for the global community to limit the global temperature within the targeted range. The announcement of the USA to back out of the Paris Agreement has caused uncertainty in the global climate governance (GCG) regime. The present study overviews how the US defiance is likely to affect emission space, carbon prices, and macroeconomic conditions of the economies. It also focuses on the objective to analyze multiple strategic scenarios regarding GCG considering the role of three major contributors to GHG emissions—the USA, the EU, and China. An integrated conflict resolution strategy has been proposed by combining the analytical hierarchy process and attitude-based graph model for conflict resolution. The possible post-withdrawal scenarios based on possible alternatives for the GCG regime has been examined. This study incorporates influence power-based and attitude-based approaches to generate preference rankings of the alternative GCG strategies. The influence power-based and attitude-based preferences are used in general stability and attitude-based stability analyses to explore equilibrium GCG strategies. The analyses reveal that influence power and attitudes of the decision-makers (DMs) influence the preferences of DMs. This influence on preferences has implications on the outcomes of the GCG scenarios. The results of the influence power-based and attitude-based analyses imply that the collective GCG strategies are indispensable to protect the shared natural climate for environmental sustainability and development.

Currently, the surface topology at large domestic airports with increasing traffic flow is becoming more complex. Taxiing conflicts grow as well. This paper proposed a strategy based on aircraft priority to solve the problem. Under the premise of ensuring aircraft priority, this strategy resolved the problem reasonably and improved the safety and efficiency of airport operation. With the purpose of minimizing time cost of all aircraft, an aircraft taxiing model was built. Simulation results showed the advantages of this strategy. Compared with a common conflict resolution strategy, taxiing routes of 9 aircraft changed. The total waiting time was reduced by 50% and the running time was reduced by 43.6s. In addition, to ensure taxiing efficiency of high-priority aircraft, low-priority aircraft tended to choose more tortuous routes when choosing suboptimal alternative routes.

This study examined the relationship between personality factors and marital conflict resolution strategies among spouses in (AMAC) Federal Capital Territory Abuja. Two research questions and corresponding hypotheses were raised to guide this study. The personality factors such as educational qualification and length of marriage were the focus of this study. Samples of a hundred respondents consisting of 50 young and aged married couples, selected using the purposive sampling technique. The research questions were analysed using Pearson Product Moment correlation while the hypotheses were tested using the significance of Pearson (r) at 0.05 level of significance using t-test. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship; between educational qualification and conflict resolution strategies of married people, also; between the length of marriage and conflict resolution strategies of married people. The study recommended that couples to be should get to understand each other in the area of likes and dislikes, ideologies and personality make-ups. Keywords: Personality factors, marital conflict resolution strategies and spouses.

Under the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic situation, many countries have taken many measures to control the flow of people The inability of people to gather makes art color measurement a problem Color matching and coordination and color space conversion have always been the research focus of art color measurement This paper studies a method of fuzzy intelligent reasoning in art color measurement Based on case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning, this method is an important self-learning and self-maintenance method in the field of artificial intelligence and expert system On the basis of expounding the basic characteristics of color and color space, this paper designs the process principle of case-based reasoning and the process of rule-based reasoning In this paper, case and rule knowledge representation method, case retrieval technology and rule conflict resolution strategy are established Based on the above strategy, the color case base is established In addition, the rule table is established by combining color-brewer with rule reasoning and referring to color-brewer The rule table has a certain reference value for the application of intelligent reasoning method in the field of art color measurement under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic © 2020 - IOS Press and the authors All rights reserved

In this multi-informant, longitudinal, daily diary study, we investigated whether long-term dyadic patterns of marital conflict resolution explain the heterogeneity in short-term day-to-day cross-lagged associations between marital conflict intensity and mother-adolescent conflict intensity. The sample consisted of 419 adolescents (44.6% girls, MEn este estudio de informantes múltiples, longitudinal y de registro diario, investigamos si los patrones diádicos de resolución de conflictos conyugales a largo plazo explican la heterogeneidad en las asociaciones diarias de retardo cruzado a corto plazo entre la intensidad del conflicto conyugal y la intensidad del conflicto entre las madres y los adolescentes. La muestra estuvo integrada por 419 adolescentes (el 44.6 % niñas, edad promedio = 13.02, desviación típica = 0.44, en la T1; edad promedio = 17.02, desviación típica= 0.44, en la T5), sus madres (número = 419, edad promedio = 44.48, desviación típica = 4.17, en la T1), y sus padres (número = 419, edad promedio= 46.76, desviación típica = 4.99, en la T1). Las madres y los padres informaron sus estrategias de resolución de conflictos conyugales anualmente durante cinco años. Se evaluaron la intensidad del conflicto diario entre la madre y el padre (informado por la madre) y la intensidad del conflicto diario entre la madre y el adolescente (informado por la madre y el adolescente) durante 75 días a lo largo de cinco años. Planteamos la hipótesis de que los patrones de resolución de conflicto conyugal a largo plazo moderarían la dinámica diaria de conflicto a corto plazo entre la díada conyugal y la díada madre-adolescente. El análisis de crecimiento de clases latentes reveló cuatro tipos de familias sobre la base de la resolución de conflictos conyugales diádicos a largo plazo, incluidas las familias donde se usó la resolución de conflictos principalmente constructiva o principalmente destructiva. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales dinámicas para investigar los niveles diarios y la dinámica diaria de conflicto a corto plazo, el cual reveló que para la mayoría de las familias no hubo asociaciones diarias retardadas entre el conflicto conyugal y el conflicto entre madres y adolescentes. Los resultados indicaron que los patrones de resolución de conflictos a largo plazo no moderaron la dinámica a corto plazo del conflicto diario. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias entre los patrones de resolución de conflictos conyugales a largo plazo en los niveles de conflicto diario, de modo que, en las familias con patrones de resolución de conflictos destructivos a largo plazo, la intensidad del conflicto diario fue mayor.本研究是一项长期研究，对来自多个方面的受试者和其每日日记的研究，我们调查了婚姻冲突解决的长期二元模式是否解释了婚姻冲突强度和母亲-青少年冲突强度之间的短期、日常、交叉滞后关系的异质性。样本包括419名青少年(44.6%是女孩，年龄为13.02,SD = 0.44, T1;母亲(N = 419, Mage = 44.48, SD = 4.17, T1)和父亲(N = 419, Mage = 46.76, SD = 4.99, T1)。在过去的五年里，父母每年都会报告他们解决婚姻冲突的策略。五年内，对母亲与父亲的每日冲突强度(母亲报告)和母亲与青少年的每日冲突强度(母亲与青少年报告) 进行了75天的评估。我们假设长期的婚姻冲突解决模式将调节婚姻的和母亲-青少年之间的冲突的短期的、每日动态。潜在类别增长分析显示，基于长期夫妻婚姻冲突解决的四种类型的家庭，包括主要使用建设性或破坏性冲突解决的家庭。运用动态结构方程模型研究冲突的每日水平及短期每日动态，发现婚姻冲突与母亲-青少年冲突并无每日滞后关系。结果表明，长期冲突解决模式对日常冲突的短期动态没有调节作用。但长期婚姻冲突解决模式在日常冲突水平上存在差异。具有长期破坏性冲突解决模式的家庭，日常冲突强度更高。.

A group of geographically dispersed and logically collaborated emergency organizations are involved when emergency occurs. Two challenging issues are a reasonable emergency resource allocation mechanism and an efficient resource conflict checking and resolution control mechanism to ensure the conflict-free execution of global cross-organization emergency response processes. To address them, this paper proposes an approach to support emergency resource management including both intraorganization private resource management and cross-organization public resource management. The former has been fully discussed in our previous work using E-net. To cope with the latter, this paper presents a novel type of Petri net that is extended with both time and resource factors to model cross-organization emergency response processes. Then, according to the resource requirement analysis, their worst, delayed, and best cases are obtained. Next, emergency resource conflict checking and four conflict resolution strategies are proposed to resolve the detected resource conflicts for the delayed execution case. This paper shows how to use different resolution strategies to construct the conflict-free model by designing corresponding resolution controllers. Finally, their performance is evaluated by a fire emergency response example.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of conflict resolution strategies in the links between the avoidant attachment dimension and relationship satisfaction. The sample comprised 274 participants (ranging from 18 to 73 years old, 58% women). A predictive model of relationship satisfaction was tested, taking into account avoidant attachment and both own and perceived partner’s conflict resolution strategies. Structural equation modeling was used. Fit indexes indicated that the suggested overall relationship model was confirmed. Own withdrawal conflict resolution was associated positively with individuals’ perception of partner demand. Specifically, there was an indirect effect between own withdrawal and relationship satisfaction mediated by demand strategy perceived in the partner. Own withdrawal was negatively associated with perceived partner’s problem solving, and perceived partner’s positive conflict resolution strategy was positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Practical implications for professionals working with couples are discussed.

Difference in cultures among student nurses may be sources of conflicts, which if excessive may jeopardize learning process. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate predominant conflict types and resolution strategies among nursing students with different cultures. It was conducted on 162 Egyptian student and 54 Nigerian Students from all department of faculty of Nursing affiliated to Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) using an cross sectional design. Methods: The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with Thomas-Kilmann Conflict mode Instrument (TKI).Results: The result revealed that the intergroup type of conflict was the most predominant ( 25.9%) among Egyptian nursing students meanwhile inter personal type was the predominant conflict type among Nigerian students(24.1%). Collaborating strategy was predominantly used among Egyptians (23,5%) and Nigerians (24.1%). Hence, different cultures could influence the type of conflict and its management style. Recommendations: The study recommends: co-curriculum activities and training courses in conflict resolutions strategies and different are urgently needed for all students (Egyptian and Nigerian students) to help them to cope with conflict and improve their conflict resolution strategies that which positively affect their achievement and commitment level.

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of contemporary political theories of socio-cultural integration policy as a way of constructive conϐlict resolution in the North Caucasus. Latent ethno-political conflicts remain the most noticeable of contemporary challenges and threats to civil solidarity and ethnic peace in this unstable region. The fundamental issue that requires a constructive solution in order to ensure political stability in the North Caucasus region is the promotion of multi-level and inclusive sociocultural integration. This study claims that the escalation of protracted, deep-rooted conϐlicts is the result of large-scale social disintegration as a fundamental threat to the North Caucasus stability. Socio-cultural disintegration is superimposed on ethno-territorial and social polarization: ethno-political particularism, religious traditionalism and large-scale demodernization of the North Caucasus archaize regional identities, hindering the formation of civil society.

The results of a study of German-speaking opposition political blogs by V. Prabel and S. Wagenknecht as examples of relevant protest practices are presented in the article. System-communicative and integrative approaches are used. The characteristics of blogs that make up the subject and collective-personal dimensions of this protest practice in the context of mediation and the postulates of the Harvard School of Conflict Studies are described. The regularities of the discursive construction of the problem, the image of the complex addresser and the addressee of the blog are determined, their argumentative, evaluative, self-presentation and phatic tactics are used. The article shows the specifics of the formation of Internet solidarity, the reflection in the analyzed practice of the phenomenon of mediation at the level of society and the individual, including the manifestation of the attributes of the changing thinking of the subjects of communication, due to the globalization of information processes and the characteristics of modern mediation in the political sphere. The postulates of the concept of “principle negotiations” by R. Fisher and W. Ury, aimed at constructivizing the conflict, and their observance by the addresser and addressee of the blog are examined, which makes it possible to assess the satisfactory communication of the parties. The inherent features of blogs that are relevant to different conflict resolution strategies are described. The results contribute to the study of the contingence of technological and sociocultural changes and can be applied in the field of conflict management.

Background: Conflict management skill is an essential skill for an effective nurse leader. As inappropriate use of conflict resolution skills leads to degeneration of communication and poor working relationships particularly between nurse leader and their staff nurses. Aim:the current study aimed todetermine the relationship between conflict management strategies used by head nurses, and the quality of vertical dyad linkage at Port Said hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational design was applied in this study on 31 head nurses and 203 staff nurses working in Port Said General Hospital and Port Said Health Insurance Hospitals, using two tools; the first was Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument to assess head nurses' preferred conflict resolution strategies, and the second was vertical dyad linkage scale from staff nurses point of view. Results: The results of the present study showed more than two-thirds of head nurses (67.7%) used accommodating strategy as a primary method to resolve conflict, followed by compromising strategy used by 51.6% by them to resolve conflict and less than two third (64%) of staff nurses had a neutral relation with their head nurses. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, there was no statistically significance relation between conflict management strategies used by head nurses, and the quality of vertical dyad linkage in Port-Said hospitals. It was recommended that head nurses should use conflict management styles depending on the situation. In addition to, develop an in-group relationship with as many staff nurses as possible.