Search

Surgical treatments are half as likely as medical therapies to be based on randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence. (1) The paucity of randomized surgical trials may reflect ethical challenges to [...]

Pooling of information from subpopulations achieves data compactification, but some characteristics of the data are lost in the process. The greatest danger in amalgamating contingency tables is the possibility of a resulting paradox. Many such have been noted since 1903, when Yule first noticed this phenomenon. We note three types of paradoxes. The definition of homogeneity proposed here is a sufficient condition to avoid Yule's Reversal Paradox. We look at interpretations of this definition and some examples. We also explore the connection of this definition with Lindley and Novick's necessary condition for the paradox. KEY WORDS: Confounding; Contingency table; Paradoxes; Pooling., 1. INTRODUCTION Homogeneity of subpopulations is a very hard concept to define, and yet appropriate judgements of homogeneity are necessary in statistical studies at every stage of the game, starting [...]